1.Taken together,our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenous signaling
metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.
2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib(CYC202,R-roscovitine)could increase the
antitumor effects of doxorubicin,with no increase in toxicity,in an MCF7breast cancer xenograft model.
3.MIB1(ki67)immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于
ki67方面)
4.Survivin embodies these properties,and
5.Moreover,in pre-clinical bladder tumor models,inhibition of Survivin expression and/or
function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation,and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis
6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies,cytotoxics and radiation,has reached a plateau in
the treatment of many cancers,and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches.
7.Median age was62years with a range of40-74years.
8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression might
concurrent with survivin.
9.There is a hypothesis that
10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue of
the JCI by Altieri and colleagues.
11.Thus,this raises an interesting question whether...
12.raising the possibility that most,if not all,tumors express...
13.The levels of p21and p27increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in
combination,compared to untreated controls.
14.In contrast,it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues.
15.On the contrary,...
16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number of
citations you receive
17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp but
also XIAP and Survivin,and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine,in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7.
18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normal
differentiated adult tissues,with the exception of testis,thymus,and placenta.
19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from0%to11.5%,
20.Given these low rates,it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages
21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded.
22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients
23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillin
for a few months.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4716755137.html,ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectious complications
25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspiration pneumonitis
26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit and vegetable can cut the risk of
lung cancer even in smoke.有研究显示，对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗，甚至能使吸烟者患
肺癌的危险性降低。；转换：有研究显示，长期食用水果和蔬菜甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低
27.since lower LDL was linked to smaller risk of vascular events.
28.However,radiotherapy is an expensive treatment and is linked to the increased risk of other
lasting complications,such as impaired bowel function,incontinence,and sexual dysfunction.
For that reason,radiotherapy should be targeted to patients showing a high risk of local recurrence,such as those with involvement of the circumferential resection margin.
29.but reached the similar conclusion that HDAC was involved in the repressing effects of p53
on survivin expression
30.This study evaluated the choice in using chemo radiotherapy in patients who had
involvement of the circumferential resection margin,with one week sessions of radiotherapy prior to surgery.
31.Total mesorectal excision is one of the latest advances in surgical techniques that have
enhanced patient outcomes
32.That preoperative radiation can mitigate but not eliminate the adverse effects of imperfect
surgery.The best outcomes occurred when preoperative radiation was followed by optimum surgery…The next challenge is to understand which patient needs what therapy to maximise his or her chance for cure.
33.While her sutures heal,Heather has a stoma
34.exercise helps you recover from a heart attack but only if you keep it up.
35.The authors wrote that we already know that exercise benefits patients with coronary artery
disease,but there is little evidence on which types of exercise have the most impact.
36.The researchers measured the participants'endothelial function(flow-mediated dilation)
before and after4weeks of different types of exercise training and then after1month of no training.
37.Vona said it was important to keep exercising in the longer term.
38.The follow-up lasted（not‘was’）14-122months
39.All23patients met the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome
40.No perioperative complications were encountered
41.Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
42.Attention is also shifting from the osteoclast as a target for new therapies to the osteoblast
and the osteocyte,with its complex network within the depths of bone.
43.its application in oncology would become greatly limited because its efficacy is achieved at
the expense of fatal toxicity.
44.Man proposes，God disposes(谋事在人，成事在天)
45.Bronchiectasis differs from chronic bronchitis in that the former is more of a localized
disease.支气管扩张与慢性支气管炎的区别在于前者更是一种局限性疾患。
46.Successful experiments in immunology have proved a great hope in its further application as
a powerful therapeutic and diagnostic weapon.
47.The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.
48.The prolonged use of systemic antibiotics in acne may result in a distinctive syndrome that is
exceptionally difficult to deal with.
49.Here,we outline strategies for identification of patients at risk and for prevention and
possible treatment of this important entity of chronic pain.
50.In fact,insulin resistance(ie,metabolic syndrome),decreased
insulin-induced uric acid excretion may account for the observed uric acid derangements. 51.Although modern medicine has made tremendous advances,cancer is still one of the most
dangerous diseases
52.This revolutionary force in medicine,especially in the field of antibacterial agents,is now
advancing in its full swing;more and greater breakthroughs are still expected.(用于展望)在医药方面，特别是在抗菌药物领域中的这股新力量，正在全力进展；更多的和更大的突破仍有望出现。（省略its）
53.We thought it necessary to perform an exploratory thoracotomy.我们认为有必要做剖胸
探查。如果不省略it，则翻译为：我们认为这是必要的去做剖胸探查。这也是非常拗口的翻译。
54.They trained three to four times per week out of concern they would"overtrain"or become
stale.
55.Following the use of antibacterial agents there is a profound alternation and disturbance of
the normal bacterial equilibrium.随着抗菌药物的使用，正常的细菌平衡状态发生了深刻的变化和紊乱现象。（补充了状态、现象）
56.Diseases associated with atherosclerosis are an increasing problem in most parts of the world
and,as with many other problems of today,are becoming more and more urgent for the younger generation.
57.If heredity is complex,equally so is environment.如果说遗传因素是复杂的，那么环境因素
亦是如此
58.Antibiotics have been used to deal with almost all known bacteria.Without them,we could
not have saved so many lives.
59.He will perform an operation on her for a diseased lung.
60.The temperature will fall to normal within48hours.
61.Heavy smoking greatly increased the probability of having lung cancer.
62.He is only nineteen and the baby in the ward.他只有19岁，是病房里最年轻的。
63.He has developed an addiction to drugs.他养成了吸毒的坏习惯。drugs复数表示毒品
64.cure；heal；treat；cure表示治疗、医治的意思，在现代英语中，多指药对疾病有
效，治愈疾病，使人恢复健康。The physician cured him of the disease.医生治好了他的病。heal它的意思是医治、愈合，多指治愈伤口或创伤，使之复原。Thesurgeon healed his wound.外科医生治好了他的伤口。Treat医治、治疗(病人、疾病等)，只指予以医治。How would you treat a case of rheumatism?你怎样治疗风湿病?
65.Early and aggressive treatment of hemolytic streptococcal infections with penicillin reduces
the incidence of rheumatic fever following such infections;but after rheumatic fever has been triggered,treatment with antimicrobial agents is ineffective.
66.The reason that one tissue or organ,such as stomach,can digest food,and another tissue or
organ,such as a muscle,can move a limb,is that the cells of which each tissue or organ is made are different.
67.In such cases，heart murmur is often present.这类病例常常出现心脏杂音。
68.In such a case the patient should be encouraged to be up and about.
69.On some occasions it is important to
70.Most attention has been directed at the study of the spread of these tumors through the
lymphatic system,and at that of the influence that lymphatic metastasis has on the prognosis
after surgery.
71.One of the fundamental assumptions in the study of shock has been that研究休克的基本设
想之一一直是
72.It is usually postulated that通常认为
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4716755137.html,rge scale collection and processing under way
74.A double-blind trial was carried out among470patients,of whom about70%were males
with postoperative pain.
75.Significant fever,leucocytosis,and above all,rigors should arouse suspicion and so should
the presence of sepsis.
76.Never give morphine to unconscious patients,patients who have head injuries,those with
respiratory depression,or those without pain.
77.Tetracycline has no demonstrable effects on the central nervous system,neither has
chloromycetin.四环素对中枢神经系统没有明显作用，氯霉素对中枢神经系统也没有明显作用。
78.There is nothing illogical in the idea that viruses or virus-like agents may be the basic cause
of cancers,although requiring the cooperation,as we shall see,of nutritional,hormonal, genetic and other metabolic factors.
79.The therapy must not be interrupted until a satisfactory clinical and hematological remission
occurs.血象好转
80.Protein/carbohydrate interactions through specific protein families termed lectin control
essential biological processes。Galectins,a family of animal lectins defined by shared amino acid sequence with affinity for b-galactosides,appear to be functionally polyvalent in a wide range of biological activity.Galectin-1and galectin-2contribute to the suppression of
81.bcl-2and survivin contribute independently to embryonic and fetal development.contribute
的用法
82.However,the biological functions and contributions to cancer progression of survivin splice
variants are controversially discussed.
83.Low recurrence rates were related to a negative circumferential resection margin and a
superior plane of surgery.
84.Survivin positivity was independently related to survival irrespective of treatment
with or without radiotherapy
85.Survivin is strongly expressed in HNSCC,and its proposed dual role as an apoptosis inhibitor
and a mitotic effector positioned survivin in the front line of cancer research.
86.Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)is characterized by local tumor
aggressiveness,high rate of early recurrences,metastasis and development of second primary carcinomas.Over the last decades
87.Loco-regional relapse after therapy is a major cause of death despite modern therapeutic
strategies like radio-and chemotherapy in addition to sophisticated surgical management of the tumor
88.Consequently,overall survivin expression,its distinct intracellular localization and its
significance as a prognostic marker were analyzed in many HNSCC patient studies,albeit with opposing conclusions
89.This is quite long,contains some grammatical problems and says nothing about the
anti-tumor effects....However,this is still fairly long.
90.Your paper’s abstract is critical because many researchers will read that part only,rather than
reading the entire paper.
91.where it is free to interact with Apaf-1and caspase-9to form an active“apoptosome”
complex inducing a cascade of caspase activity and ensuing cell death
92.Moreover,we and others have found that overexpression of ErbB2confers on breast cancer
cells an increased resistance to Taxol
93.Notwithstanding this eye-catching title,the major focus of the editorial had to do with Dr.
Biesecker’s thoughtful comments on the gathering,storing,retrieval,and publication of clinical data in the field of medical genetics.
94.Some conventional antitumor therapies,including DNA-damaging and antimicrotubule
agents,exert their function by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway
95.hTERT activity is induced by c-Myc and strategies designed to inhibit c-Myc expression in
cancer cells may have considerable therapeutic value.
96.In addition,c-Myc has also been implicated in the regulation of telomerase through its ability
to induce the transcriptional activation of hTERT
97.In the present study,we selectively downregulated c-Myc expression in human colon cancer
Colo320cells with siRNA delivered via a plasmid-based polymerase III promoter system.
This approach allowed us to explore a possible role for c-Myc in regulating telomerase activity.
98.Tamoxifen is a drug of choice for endocrine-responsive breast tumor patients.However,
tamoxifen resistance has become a major concern for the treatment of breast cancer.
Combinational therapies of tamoxifen and different drugs are being frequently studied. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4716755137.html,binational（combinatorial）treatment of gap junctional activator and tamoxifen in breast
cancer cells.可以考虑的题目
100.In this study,we tested the efficacy of substituted quinolines(code name=PQ1;a gap junctional activator)in combination with tamoxifen in T47D cells.
101.This suggests that an increase in gap junction activity can potentiate the effect of tamoxifen. 102.genes to cancer cells is a new and promising modality for treatment of cancer.
103.The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the EGFR/HER2tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib improve the clinical outcome of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
However,the majority of metastatic cancers will eventually progress suggesting the need for other therapies.
104.The combination of Ad-HER2-ki plus lapatinib also showed superior anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
105.NFD-induced S-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin A
106.NFD-induced apoptosis was characterized by increase of sub-G1population, phosphatidylserine(PS)externalization,and activation of caspases.
107.In case you encounter any difficulties while submitting your manuscript on line,please get in touch with the responsible Editorial Assistant by clicking on“CONTACT US”from the tool bar.
108.We appreciate any efforts that you make to ensure that the language is corrected before submission.This will greatly improve the legibility of your paper if English is not your first language.In this regard有鉴于此
109.In order to further examine the potential mechanisms underlying these processes,significant research effort is focusing on DTCs in the bone marrow as a surrogate for minimal residual disease.
110.In addition to its well-documented anti-oxidant properties,there is increasing evidence that resveratrol exhibits pro-oxidant activity under certain experimental conditions,causing oxidative DNA damage that may lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
111.Similarly,an integrated strategy and pharmacogenomics approach is now essential to fight against this malady.
112.A strong racial predilection is noted in MBC
113.This is in stark contrast to the high incidence of male breast cancer
114.The low incidence of male breast cancer has hindered investigators’attempts to develop randomized prospective trials,so the disease is poorly understood.
115.An exploratory study of sunitinib plus paclitaxel as first-line treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer.
S C I科技论文写作常用 句型大全 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半 好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类： 1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210) 类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615) 这种题目适合哪类文章适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。 要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
1．To further substantiate a role of….. 2．To gain further insight into the involvement of…… 3．Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role of…… 4．The discrepancies between these studies may be explained in part by the fact that…. 5．It can also not be excluded that….. 6．To further elucidate the role of……. 7．There is growing evidence that………. 8．Several studies indicate that………… 9．It is generally accepted that……….. 10. In vitro studies revealed that…………. 11. This is somewhat surprising since……… 12. Furthermore, available data suggest the potential to…….. 13. development and generation of more specific inhibitors will be required to further explore their potential to……….. 14. A better understanding of the regulation of their expression will thus be……. instrumental in the development of specific targeting approaches……. 15. Little is known either on………. 16. ………….remain to be elucidated in more detail 17. The aim of this study was to clarify whether….. were therapeutic agents against 18. This study may provide a new recognition of natural medicine for the treatment of 19. Epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of 20…. are thought to act through receptor-independent and dependent mechanisms to promote… 21. …..which are derived from….., have been reported to possess a variety of potent properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, radical-scavenging, and cardiovascular protecting activity, anti-tumor, and so on. 22. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of …. and to evaluate the efficacy of cardiopr otection by……. 23. The pathological features of diabetes and/or its complications that were caused
一些常用的SCI论文句式 写英文文章经常要重复讲一个说法讲几次，但描述方式不能太祥林嫂，所以备好一些常用句式还是相当有用的。以下的句式是本人在阅读文献过程中亲自整理的，主要来源于Science，Nature，Immunity，JEM，JCI和JI。这些句式都很地道，决不山寨，希望对有需要的朋友有用。 热点，广泛关注、研究 1．The mechanisms governing the homeostasis of memory T cells have been an area of intense investigation. 2．Extensive work has been done in the area of cytokine signaling. 3．Not unexpectedly,the newest‘lineage’of helper T cells,TH-17cells,also received a great deal of attention at the Ringberg meeting. 4.While the interactions of DC with naive T cells within LN have been analysed in detail,… 5.While interactions of DC with naive T cells in LN have been extensively examined by2P-IVM, 6.Although the signals that control neutrophil migration from the blood to sites of infection have been well characterized,little is known about their migration patterns within lymph nodes or the strategies that neutrophils use to find their local sites of action. 不像B，which…，A… 1.Unlike naive T cells,which survive largely in interphase,memory T cells persist under normal conditions with a slow but constant turnover. 像…一样 1．As with naive T cells,memory T cells are also capable of undergoing more rapid cell division under lymphopenic conditions,known as acute homeostatic proliferation. …已有共识 1．There is now a general consensus that two members of the commonγchain cytokine family, namely IL-7and IL-15,control the homeostasis of CD8+ memory cells …仍不清楚 1.However,the factors that govern the homeostasis of CD4+memory cells have yet to be fully defined. 2.Although molecular details of the process are poorly understood. 3.Although why this subset of T cells is uniquely sensitive to IL-2is currently unclear. 4.experiments directly interrogating the physiological requirements for DC-produced IL-2have yet to be published. 5.Among the questions that remain to be resolved arehow IL-2may play both supportive and restrictive roles in the same transgenic OT-1CD8+T cells. 6.The cause of this disease has been elusive because the SAP gene is not affected in XLP2
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一) 前言：相关内容导读：1. 好话不说第二遍——论文写作中的重述语意2. SCI论文中如何描述XPS实验结果？一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。。。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A. Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )B. This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts. C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD. Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）F. An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid
在这篇文章中，我们说明（介绍）了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节，我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的，我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来，…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……，做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言，…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说，……，另一方面来说，……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1
sci论文常用句型摘抄 1.Taken together, our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenous signaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. 2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model. 3.MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于 ki67方面) 4.Survivin embodies these properties, and 5.Moreover, in pre-clinical bladder tumor models, inhibition of Survivin expression and/or function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation, and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis 6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies, cytotoxics and radiation, has reached a plateau in the treatment of many cancers, and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches. 7.Median age was 62 years with a range of 40-74 years. 8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression might concurrent with survivin. 9.There is a hypothesis that 10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues. 11.Thus, this raises an interesting question whether... 12.raising the possibility that most, if not all, tumors express... 13.The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls. 14.In contrast, it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues. 15.On the contrary,... 16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number of citations you receive 17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp but also XIAP and Survivin, and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine, in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7. 18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normal differentiated adult tissues, with the exception of testis, thymus, and placenta. 19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from 0% to 11.5%, 20.Given these low rates, it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages 21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded. 22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients 23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillin for a few months.
1、研究目的的表示方法 The purpose of this investigation was to ... It was the purpose of the studies reported here to ... The main focus of this study was ... The objective of the present work is to ... The aim of the present study was to ... The present study was aimed at ... The present study was designed to ... The present study is an attempt to ... It was the intent of this study to determine if ... We have embarked on research attempting to ... This study was undertaken with the intent of ... The present investigation was conducted to ... This study was undertaken to ... To gain a better understanding of ... The investigation concentrated on efforts to ... The present study was performed in an effort to ... 2、研究动机的表示方法 Since the early literature contained a few reports of ... Because of the potential importance of ..., we have investigaed ... Because of the economic potential of ..., we decided to study ... Current work in this laboratory ..., stimulated interest in determining some of ... Prompted by ..., we initiated an examination of ... In view of ..., this study was conducted to examine ... The finding of ..., led us to reinvestigate ... A recent report ..., encouraged us to ... Little attention/effort has been given to ... ... are poorly understood ... ... have been poorly characterized ... The question have been raised as to whether or not ... ... the question arose... 3、研究内容的表示方法 This article examines ... This research assessed ... This study documents ... The present work has shown ... This report describes ... The paper presents ... Work presented here introduces ... Our forthcoming studies will establish ... In this report, we report ... Here we describe ... In this report we examine ... In this reprot we describe ...
SCl论文写作常用精彩句式汇总 SCl论文的书写，句型都不是自己凭空创造出来的，特别是对于写作新手，开始的时候都需要套用前人的文章“临摹”找找感觉，小编不才，我总结了一些常用句式分享给还在一线苦苦挣扎的朋友们。 目的 TO develop the methods for isolati On and CUltiVati On Of A. TO CUItUre Sth from SUrgiCaI iridectomy SPeCime ns of eyes With and WithoutA. The effect of VariOUS XS on the growth, mela nogen esis and den drificatio nof CUItUred CS Were studied. 病因 AS are invo IVed in the PathOge nesis of a Variety of eye diseases, the mostimporta nt of WhiCh is A, the most com mon in traocular tumor. A also con tribute to the PathOge nesis of X1 and X2. 文献回顾 DUring the PaSt 2 decades, mUch work has bee n done to isolate an dcUltivate C1 and C2 and to inv estigate the fUn Cti on of these cells in vitro.
科技论文写作常用句型 1.摘要 （1）文章内容与作者观点 ?常用词：deal with ,describe ,explain ,illustrate ,introduce ,present ,report等。 ?例句：The basic concepts and data collected are presented. 给出了基本概念和所采集的数据。 （2）文章研究课题： ?常用词: analyze ,consider ,develop ,discuss ,investigate ,state ,study等。 ?例句:The relationship between mass and energy in nature is discussed briefly. 简要地讨论自然界中质量与能量的关系。 （3）文章涉及范围 ?常用词：consist of ,contain ,cover ,include 等。 ?例句：This article consists of four parts : introduction， theory ,experimental method ,and conclusion. 本文由引言、理论、实践方法与结论四部分组成。 （4）综述某一个领域的研究课题。 ?常用词：abstract ,outline ,review ,summarize 等。 ?例句: The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly. 简单概述了基于材料科学的理论。 （5）文章重点： ?常用句型： Attention is concentrated on … T here is a focus on … A ttention is paid to … T he emphasis is on … ?例句：Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory. 重点在掌握量子理论上。 （6）文章的目的： ?常用词：aim ,objective ,purpose ,seek 等。
1.Taken together,our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenous signaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. 2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib(CYC202,R-roscovitine)could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin,with no increase in toxicity,in an MCF7breast cancer xenograft model. 3.MIB1(ki67)immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于 ki67方面) 4.Survivin embodies these properties,and 5.Moreover,in pre-clinical bladder tumor models,inhibition of Survivin expression and/or function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation,and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis 6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies,cytotoxics and radiation,has reached a plateau in the treatment of many cancers,and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches. 7.Median age was62years with a range of40-74years. 8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression might concurrent with survivin. 9.There is a hypothesis that 10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues. 11.Thus,this raises an interesting question whether... 12.raising the possibility that most,if not all,tumors express... 13.The levels of p21and p27increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in combination,compared to untreated controls. 14.In contrast,it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues. 15.On the contrary,... 16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number of citations you receive 17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp but also XIAP and Survivin,and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine,in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7. 18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normal differentiated adult tissues,with the exception of testis,thymus,and placenta. 19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from0%to11.5%, 20.Given these low rates,it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages 21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded. 22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients 23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillin for a few months. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4716755137.html,ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectious complications 25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspiration pneumonitis 26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit and vegetable can cut the risk of lung cancer even in smoke.有研究显示，对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗，甚至能使吸烟者患
科学论文写作与发表：分类句式用语 胡庚申申云桢 （清华大学外语系，北京 100084） 一、引言 科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。那么，常用的句型、句式怎样分类比较科学?通常用到的句式为哪些类型?各种类型又有哪些基本表达方法? 所有这些问题，都拟在本文内例述和研讨。 为什么要掌握分类句式用语呢？因为，首先，这有利于避免不必要的重复。许多有用的句型，通常出现在科学论文的不同部分，如表示研究目的用语，不仅在论文摘要中用到，而且在引言、讨论、甚至结论等部分都会用到。如果我们在讲述怎样写作各部分时都列举类似的用语，势必造成重复、赘述。现在把它们集中起来分类例述，就能避免不必要的重复。 其次，掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。把英美人写作论文时的句式用语集中地进行分类选择，有利于广大专业技术人员和研究生们学习、模仿比较地道、规范的英语表达，有利于节约时间，避免费力耗时地造出“蹩脚的”、甚至“中国式”的英语表达。 第三，掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。把表达相同或相似概念的不同表达方式集中分类，便于写作中选择、比较，有利于交替使用不同的句型，避免句式单调、用词单一，实现表达多样。 再则，掌握分类句式用语也符合科学论文的写作规律。因为常用的句型是写作中客观存在的，它们的使用已基本上格式化了，而且使用的频率又很高，所以对常用的句式用语进行科学的分类，是一件有实用意义的工作。 至于怎样分类，这主要是从两个方面考虑。 一是从逻辑思维角度考虑。人们总是首先提出问题，然后分析和解决问题，最后得出结果或结论。这可以看作是解决问题的一种“模式”。这种“模式”，也可作为我们分类选择句式用语时的指导思想。 二是从写作程式角度考虑。任何一篇科学论文的写作，大都要：①指出其研究的目的，②限定其讨论的范围，③说明其理论的依据，④描述其实验的步骤，⑤介绍其工作的方法，⑥展示其研究的结果，⑦作出科学的评价等。这种基本“程式”，正是我们分类选择句式用语的实践依据。 鉴于上述，我们在本文内对科学论文写作中常用的句式用语进行了分类，并选择了240余条例句供参考。 俗语说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。我们深信，掌握英语科学论文写作中常用的句式用语，无疑会有助于科学论文的写作。 二、“指出目的”的句式用语 1. 主要用场 指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言、讨论、结论等部分。 指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的……”，“该项工作主要是关于……”，“该项工作的主要目的是……”，“该项研究的主要目的是……”，“该项实验主要是为了……”等等。
目录 专业词汇 (2) 常用词 (3) 时态用法 (9) 常用各部分句型 (10) Beginning (10) Introduction (10) Review (10) Body (10) Summary (12) Abstract (12) Objective / Goal / Purpose (14) Problem / Issue / Question (16)
专业词汇 1.digital human model 数字人模型 2.control the software ,interpret and apply the outputs 控制软件，解释并应用结果 3.workpalce model 工作场所模型 4.carrying conditions,lifting and lowering conditions and biomechanical condition 携 带、举升放下和生物力学条件 5.proactive approach 前瞻性方法 reactive approach 事后反应方法 6.work position evaluation 工作姿势评价 7.recommended weight limit RWL 推荐重力限制 8.maximum acceptable weight MAW最大可接受力 9.ergonomics optimization of workplaces工作场所人机优化 10.
常用词 1. 人:individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons.人 2.好的，积极的: positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. 3. 差的：dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） 4.大量的： an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many. 5.一些： a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. 6. 认为：harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 7.事情： affair, business, matter 替换 thing. 8. 评论：shared 替换 common . 9. 非常有益：reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. 10.我认为： for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. 11. 越来越：Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
1、什么是cover letter？ 指的是投稿信 2、cover letter的内容主要包括那些？ 应该简述所投稿件的核心内容、主要发现和意义，拟投期刊，对稿件处理有无特殊要求等（如“not to review” list）。另外，请附上主要作者的中文姓名、通讯地址、电话、传真和e-mail地址。此外有的杂志要求推荐几位审稿人及其联系方式。以及谁已经阅读过该文（当然是牛人）。 我投的那个杂志是要求说明你论文研究的意义，以及与这个杂志的相关性，另外还有的可能要写明你没有一搞多投等。此外临床实验要求写明符合伦理学要求。 3、如何写cover letter？ 各个杂志的具体要求是不一样的，在杂志的guide for authors一般会有要求。如果没有具体的要求，大家可按照通用要求处理。 4、常用模板： （1） Cover letter Dear Mr. ** 1. The work described has not been submitted elsewhere for publication, in whole or in part, and all the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed. 2. I have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to Neuroscience. kind regards. Your sincerely, 通讯作者 （2） Dear Dr. 主编name: We submit our manuscript entitled " 文章title" to 杂志名for publication. 接着简单介绍你文章的主要创新点和意义，不易过多，但要突出新意和关键点。 All authors have seen the manuscript and approved to submit to your journal. Thank you very much for your attention and consideration. Sincerely yours, 通讯作者 （3） Dear Dr. 主编name: We submit our manuscript entitled " 文章title" to 杂志名for publication. 接着简单介绍你文章的主要创新点和意义，不易过多，但要突出新意和关键点。 All authors have seen the manuscript and approved to submit to your journal. Thank you very much for your attention and consideration. Sincerely yours,