易混单词
1.
The grizzled old hunter chewed on a gristly piece of meat and told a grisly tale of being mauled by grizzly bears.
grizzled：灰髮的，銀髮的(grey haired)。gristly：堅韌的，軟骨的(tough, filled with cartilage)。grisly：可怕的(causing fear or disgust)。grizzly：北美灰熊(large North American bear)。
2.
A portrait of the last criminal to be hanged in Arizona was hung on her bedroom wall. hanged：被絞死，吊死(executed by being suspended by the neck from a rope)。hung：懸掛(supported or suspended from above; attached to the wall)。
3.
They were certainly hardy lads and they worked up a hearty appetite on their
twenty-mile hike.
hardy：強壯的(robust, capable of withstanding adverse conditions)。hearty：健康的(exhibiting vigorous good health)。
4.
Food can be called healthful if it helps us lead healthy lives.
healthful：有益健康的(implies a positive contribution to a healthy condition)。healthy：健康的(enjoying health and vigor of body, mind, or spirit )。
5.
The movie's heroine died of an overdose of heroin.
heroine：女主角。heroin：海洛英。
6.
The publication of Morrison's first historical novel proved to be a historic event. historical：歷史的，根據歷史的(belong or pertaining to history)。historic：有歷史性的，歷史上著名的(famous or important in history)。
7.
The trouble with the economy is that hordes of people are starting to hoard their money.
horde：大群，大夥-- 通常是難以控制的(large group, often unruly)。hoard：聚藏(to collect in a hidden reserve)。
8.
homonym：同音異義字-- 發音和拼字相似，但意思不同的字[如，quail (鵪鶉-- 名詞) 和quail (畏縮-- 動詞)]。
homophone：同音異義字-- 發音相似，但拼字和意思不同的字(如，to, too和two)。
homograph：同形異義字-- 拼字相似，但發音和意思不同的字[如，bow (弓箭) 和bow (船首)]。
注意：動詞object 和名詞object 等字是homograph，不是homonym，因為它們發音不同。
9.
In preparing for his most spectacular illusion, the magician made an allusion to the magic of Houdini.
illusion：幻象，錯覺(something that deceives or misleads, especially the vision)。allusion：提及(reference)。
10.
They have immigrated to this city from all over eastern Europe; later on, they may decide to emigrate elsewhere.
immigrate：移民-- 移入(to come into a country of which one is not a native of permanent residence)。emigrate：移民-- 移出(to leave your place of residence or country to live elsewhere)。
11.
His language implies a prejudice against Native Taiwanese; you can infer that
from certain passages in his latest speech.
imply：暗示(to involve or indicate by inference, association)。infer：推論，推斷(to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises)。
12.
The incidence of incidents involving racist slurs has become intolerable. incidence：發生率，罹病率(the rate at which something occurs)。incident：事件-- 通常是指小事件(an event, usually a minor one)。
13.
This incipient revolution seems to be based on the most stupid and insipid causes. incipient：剛開始的，初期的(beginning to come into being)。insipid：無特色的，枯燥乏味的(lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge )。
14.
He was incredulous that his brother could perform such incredible feats on the parallel bars.
incredulous：不輕易相信的(unwilling to admit or accept what is offered as true)。incredible：難以置信的(too extraordinary and improbable to be believed)。
15.
The scientists produced an indeterminate study concerning the indeterminable number of stars in the universe.
indeterminate：不確定的，未決定的，模糊的(undecided, vague)。indeterminable：不能確定的，難決定的(impossible to discover or decide)。
16.
The witness was asked to indite the reasons he thought the grand jury should indict his boss for extortion.
indite：撰寫(to compose a written communicaton)。indict：起訴，控告(to charge with a crime)。
17.
The truck was mistakenly marked INFLAMMABLE so the firefighters thought
the noninflammable material was dangerously flammable.
inflammable：易燃的，可燃的(burnable, explosive)。flammable：易燃的，可燃的(burnable, explosive)。noninflammable：不可燃的(non-burnable, nonexplosive)。註："flammable" 和"inflammable" 意思相同，它們的反義字是noninflammable。
18.
The tyrant inflicted great hardship on the people. They felt afflicted with his
harsh regime.
inflicted：強加給，使遭受(caused suffering) -- 與on 連用。afflicted：使痛苦，折磨(distressed, troubled) -- 與with 連用。
19.
Her naive and ingenuous mother expressed amazement that her daughter could create such an ingenious demonstration for the science fair.
ingenuous：率直的，誠懇的，樸實的(showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness)。ingenious：聰明的，有創作頭腦的，精巧的(marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness)。
20.
The insidious nature of her argument suggests an invidious comparison.
insidious：陰險的，奸詐的(treacherous; harmful but enticing)。invidious：招嫉妒的，令人嫌惡的，易招怨恨的(tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy; obnoxious )。
21.
There were, for instance, several instances in which the latch failed and the door
floor open, just at the the most dangerous instant.
instance：例子(example)。instances：事件(happenings, events)。instant：瞬間，剎那(immediate, precise moment)。[鮮少場合會使用instant 的複數instants ] 22.
In the intense heat, the team of scientists did an intensive study of the extensive
crop damage.
intense：激烈的，非常的(strong in quality or degree)。intensive：密集的，集中的(employing much effort, concentration)。extensive：廣泛的，廣闊的
(wide-ranging, large in scope)。
23.
The scientists were intensely focused on the problem. They studied it intently for months.
intensely：激烈地，劇烈地(extremely, very strongly)。intently：專心地，專注地(manner of paying close attention to something)。
24.
His income soared during the past three years [不是"last"]. Jonathan Swift's last novel was Gulliver's Travels. Toni Morrison's most recent novel was Paradise [也不是她的"last" -- 我們希望不是她的「最後」一本].
past：過去的。last：最後的。recent：最近的。
25.
She made a laudatory speech concerning the students' laudable accomplishments. laudatory：讚賞的，褒揚的(praising, filled with praise)。laudable：值得讚賞、嘉許的，值得褒揚的(praiseworthy)。
26.
She lays it down, laid it down, has laid it down, is laying it down.
lay：置放，布置等-- 後面接受詞。lie：躺，臥，位於等-- 後面不接受詞。
27.
She lies down, lay down, has lain down, is lying down.
LIE 和LAY 的時態變化
人稱
現在式
過去式
完成式型態
分詞型態
第一
I lie in bed
I lay in bed
I have lain in bed
I am lying in bed
第三
she lies in bed
she lay in bed
she has lain in bed
she is lying in bed
第一
I lay it down
I laid it down
I have laid it down
I am laying it down
第三
she lays it down
she laid it down
she has laid it down
she is laying it down
28.
As he led his soldiers into battle, his feet seemed made of lead.
led：lead (領導，率領) 的過去式。lead：鉛。
29.
The lightning striking all around them, the sailors proceeded in their task of lightening the cargo.
lightning：閃電(atmospheric electric discharge)。lightening：減輕(making less heavy)。[ "lightning" 也可當動詞用：It lightninged all afternoon.]
30.
She is tall like her mother. She is not as tall as her father, though.
like：像，似(having the characteristics of)。as：如同，像...一樣(in the way or manner that)。[一般大多使用as 來引導子句(as her father is tall)。這項區別並不如一些人所想像的那麼重要。]
31.
I am loath to associate with people who loathe me.
loath：不願意的，勉強的(reluctant)。loathe：厭惡，討厭(despise)。
32.
My shoes are so loose that I'm going to lose them.
loose：鬆的，不牢的(not rigidly fastened or securely attached)。lose：失去，不再有(to miss from your possession)。
33.
I hope the bank can arrange a loan for me. If not, I hope my sister can lend me
some money.
loan：貸款。lend：借(出)。
34.
A luxuriant tropical garden was planted on the grounds of the most luxurious hotel
in town.
luxuriant：茂盛的(growing profusely)。luxurious：奢侈的，豪華的(very comfortable and grandly appointed)。
35.
It has been raining way too much and for too many days.
much：許多(great quantity) -- 不可數。many：許多(great in number, numerous) -- 可數。
36.
Juan and Maria thought that studying the martial arts, like judo, would improve
their marital relationship.
martial：戰爭的，好戰的(related to war, fighting)。marital：婚姻的(related to marriage)。
37.
He hardly deserves a medal (made out of any kind of metal), nor did he show true mettle when he tried to meddle in our affairs.
medal：獎牌(commemorative, coin-shaped device)。metal：金屬(a class of mineral substances)。mettle：勇氣，魄力(courage, determined character)。meddle：干涉(to interfere, to tinker)。
38.
The moral of this story is that the morale of a military unit is extremely important.
moral：教育意義，寓意(a lesson or principle)。morale：士氣(the state of spirits of
a person or group)。
39.
In the moribund condition of her government, the empress gave way to
morbid reflections on her death.
moribund：垂死的(in a dying state)。morbid：不健康的，病態的(unwholesome, preoccupied with gloomy thoughts)。
40.
My great-great-grandfather, a naval officer in the Civil War, was killed when he
was struck in the navel by a cannonball.
naval：海軍的，軍艦的(relating to ships or shipping, especially warships)。navel：肚臍(bellybutton)。
41.
Now that you know that no one is at home, walk right in.
這三個字的意思不用說明了吧!
42.
He made an oral commitment to speak on the biological, aural aspects of listening.
He has extraordinary verbal skills.
oral：口頭的，口述的，口的，口服的(spoken, not written; of the mouth)。aural：聽覺的，聽力的(relating to the ear or the sense of hearing)。verbal：與言辭有關的，文字上的(relating to, or consisting of words)。[許多寫作者堅持oral 和verbal 之間是有區別的。]
43.
A palette is that thumb-held device that painters use to mix their colors on. The palate is the roof of your mouth or the sense of taste. And a pallet is either a hard, narrow bed or a device to carry things on.
palette：調色盤(device on which colors are mixed)。palate：上顎，味覺(roof of the mouth or sense of taste)。pallet：(搬運貨物用的) 行李台，輸送台(hard, narrow bed or device to carry things on)。
44.
Whatever has passed us by is now in the past.
passed：經過，通過-- pass 的過去式。past：過去(time that has gone by)。45.
The two lawyers walked around the perimeter of the estate as they discussed
the parameters of the case.
perimeter：周圍，周邊(distance around the border of a plane surface)。parameters：參數，變數(variables that determine the characteristics of the whole)。
46.
You must have patience in dealing with the patients in this clinic.
patience：容忍，忍耐，耐性(the capacity, habit, or fact of being patient)。patients：病人(individuals awaiting or under medical care and treatment)。
47.
The period of peace between the two wars is an interesting piece of history.
peace：和平，安寧(a state of tranquillity or quiet)。piece：部分(part of a whole, fragment)。
48.
They climbed to the mountain peak to take a peek at the sunrise. They left in a
pique because other climbers were already there.
peak：山峰，山頂(summit)。peek：偷看，偷窺(peep or glance)。pique：(因自尊心受傷害而引起的) 嘔氣，生氣，不悅(feeling of hurt pride)。
49.
The peasant was surprised when the king served him pheasant for dinner.
peasant：(現在尤用來指發展中國家或從前的) 農民，農夫(lower class, farm laborer)。pheasant：雉雞(long-tailed game bird)。
50.
He peddled his baskets of flower petals as he pedaled his bike around town. peddle：叫賣，販賣(to sell goods)。petal：花瓣(colored parts of a flower head)。pedal：騎腳踏車(ride a bike)。
51.
我們使用percent 來表示一項數值的一部份，即百分之... (的)，例如：Only two percent of the students failed. 我們使用percentage 來表示一項比率，即百分比，例如：The percentage of students who fail has decreased.
52.
To carry out or prosecute one's legal responsibilities is a fine thing; to persecute a fellow citizen is not.
prosecute：起訴，檢控(to carry out a legal charge)。persecute：迫害(to harrass)。
53.
The personnel office had a great deal of personal information in its files. personnel：人員，人事(a division of an organization concerned employees and employments)。personal：個人的，私人的(of, relating to, or affecting a person)。
54.
He was poring over his books when he accidently poured coffee all over his papers. poring：熟讀(reading studiously)。poured：使流，倒(to cause something to flow)。
55.
The new lab seemed practical enough, but building it was hardly practicable in that tiny building.
practical：實用的，實際的(useful, sensible)。practicable：行得通的，可行的(capable of being put into practice or of being done; feasible)。
56.
In the 1950s, pro basketball was predominantly a game won predominately by teams on the east coast.
predominantly：大多，主要地(mainly)。predominately：佔優勢地(with superiority)。
57.
The high school principal said today that the principal problem with today's youth is their lack of moral principles.
第一個principal：校長，院長(the chief executive officer of an educational institution)。第二個principal：最重要的，主要的，首要的(most important,
consequential, or influential -- chief)。principles：基本原理，行為規範(a comprehensive and fundamental law, code of conduct)。
58.
The hyenas seem to pray over their prey before devouring it.
pray：禱告，懇求，哀求(to address God; to implore or entreat)。prey：獵物(an animal taken by a predator as food)。
59.
The lawyer's memory of precedents seemed to take precedence over his memory of other matters.
precedents：先例，前例(previous cases, things that came before)。precedence：優先(priority in time or order)。
60.
The premier of the new nation was thrilled when he was allowed to attend the
film's premiere.
premier：行政院長，首相，總理(prime minister)。premiere：電影的首映會(first showing)。
61.
We will now proceed to the part that should precede the ending.
proceed：進行，開始進行，繼續進行(to begin and carry on an action, process, or movement)。precede：在前，在先(to be earlier than)。
62.
Jeremiah would prophesy whenever he felt the people needed to hear a prophecy. prophesy：預言，預告(to foretell) -- 動詞。prophecy：預言(foretelling) -- 名詞。[注意：英文沒有prophesize 這個字。]
63.
He collapsed forward, prostrate on the floor, when he heard that he had cancer of
the prostate gland.
prostrate：倒下的，俯臥的，伏地的(lying horizontally, face down)。prostate：攝護腺(又稱前列腺)。
64.
The troops moved purposefully toward their doom, relying on the false information their leaders had purposely given them.
purposefully：果斷地(done in a way that shows determination)。purposely：故意地(intentionally)。
65.
We'll have to be quite quiet. Quit making noise!
quite：完全地，的確，確實地(completely, positively)。quite：平靜的，靜止的，安靜的(calm, still, silent)。quit：停止(stop)。
66.
She often quoted Shakespeare, using quotations [並非quotes] when it sometimes seemed quite inappropriate.
quote：引用(to speak or write a passage from another) -- 動詞。quotation：引用的文句(a passage quoted) -- 名詞。
67.
They studied racist attitudes in the new course on racial studies.
racist：種族歧視的，種族偏見的(based on a belief in racial superiority)。racial：種族的(pertaining to race)。
68.
He threw his tennis racquet across the court and his fans started making a terrific racket. The mafia was running several rackets in Chicago at the time.
racquet：(網球等的) 球拍。racket：1. 喧嘩，鼓譟(a din, a noisy fuss) 2. 非法勾當(illegal operation)。[racquet 亦可拼成racket]
69.
During the reign of Charles I, it was against the law to use a leather rein during the rain.
reign：統治(the rule of a sovereign leader)。rein：韁繩(a long narrow strap used to guide a horse)。rain：下雨。
70.
Yesterday she read from the red book instead of the blue one.
read：閱讀-- 現在式，過去式和過去分詞都是read。red：紅色。
71.
These sociologists made a really important contribution to our understanding of
some real problems in urban America.
really：確實地，真正地(positively)。real：真實的，真正的(factual, not imaginary)。
72.
He knew that he would grow to resent the public's interest in his recent escapades. resent：對...感到憤恨，不滿，憎惡(to feel displeased about)。recent：最近的，不久前的(not long past)。
73.
The actors bowed respectfully to the royal couple and then to the people in the audience and to their friends backstage, respectively.
respectfully：恭敬地，有禮地(marked by or showing respect or deference)。respectively：分別，個別地(in the order given)。
74.
We wept with joy as we read the famous critic's review of our new musical revue. review：評論。revue：輕鬆歌舞劇，時事諷刺劇。
75.
He had no right to write a new rite for the church.
right：權利。write：寫。rite：儀式。
76.
Grandpa rises slowly from the couch. He raises pigs.
RAISE 和RISE 的時態變化
人稱
現在式
過去式
完成式型態
分詞型態
第一
I rise from the couch
I rose from the couch
I have risen from the couch
I am rising from the couch
第三
she rises from thecouch
she rose from the couch
she has risen from the couch
she is rising from the couch
第一
I raise pigs
I raised pigs
I have raised pigs
I am raising pigs
第三
she raises
pigs
she raised pigs
she has raised pigs
she is raising pigs
rise：起身，起立。raise：舉起，飼養。[順便一提的是，我們不是"raise" children，而是REAR children -- 除非他們像動物一樣長大，在這種情況中，我們可以說we have "raised" them.]
77.
These sociologists made a really important contribution to our understanding of some real problems in urban America.
really：實際地，確實地(positively)。real：實際的，真實的(factual, not imaginary)。
78.
The attorney was reluctant to force her reticent witness to testify.
reluctant：不願的(hesitant)。reticent：沈默的，寡言的(quiet, restrained)。
79.
In his role as an absent-minded professor, Janina Delbartico called the roll of the wrong class.
role：角色(part of an actor)。roll：名冊(official list or register) -- call the roll：點名。
80.
The mayor's involvement in salacious behavior has certainly not been salutary for his health or the health of the community.
salacious：猥褻的，淫穢的(lewd, erotic)。salutary：有益健康的，合乎衛生的(beneficial to health)。
81.
We have seen the last scene of this play before.
seen：see 的過去分詞。scene：出事地點，舞台布景(place of an occurence, a stage setting)。
82.
He doesn't seem to have much sense since he fell on his head.
sense：意識(capacity for effective application of the powers of the mind)。since：自從(from a definite past time until now)。
83.
Her poetry is quite sensuous. In fact, some people find it quite sensual.
sensuous：刺激感官的，給人美感的(having a strong appeal to the senses)。sensual：肉體上的，肉慾的，性感的(indulgent to the physical senses; often sexual)。
84.
Set it down here. The computer was sitting here a minute ago.
set：置於，放在(place, put)。sit：(位) 在(to occupy a place)。[set 後面接受詞。記住：物體可以sit。]
85.
The moon shone brightly over the old theater where movies were shown nightly.
shone (shine 的過去式和過去分詞)：發光，射光，照耀(to give out or reflect light)。shown (show 的過去分詞)：顯示，表現，表演，上映(to allow or cause to be seen, demonstrated)。[shine 的過去式和過去分詞也可寫成shined。]
86.
She chose this site because of its view. The sight of the old house brought tears to
her eyes. She would cite the passage from Genesis.
site：現場，場地，場所，用地(the spatial location of an actual or planned structure)。sight：觀，視，視野(view)。cite：引用，援引(to quote by way of example, authority, or proof)。
87.
The old man would often complain about money and scrimp, but he would never skimp when it came to his own clothing.
scrimp：節儉，節省(to be stingy, excessively frugal)。skimp：少給，不足量地供應(to provide inadequately)。
88.
The stationery department, where they sell envelopes and writing paper, is in a stationary place.
stationery：文具，信紙(materials such as pens, paper and ink for writing or typing)。stationary：固定的(permanent, unmoving)。
89.
There is a town statute making it against the law for people of small stature to climb on the park's statue of the mayor.
statute：法規，法令(a law enacted by the legislative branch of a government)。stature：身材，身高[natural height (as of a person) in an upright position]。statue：雕像(a three-dimensional representation; sculpture)。
90.
When you swallow, food goes to your stomach. He was punched in the abdomen. stomach：胃。abdomen：腹(部)。
91.
Take that horrible thing away. Bring me some aspirin.
take ：拿走，取走，帶走，搬走。bring：拿來，帶來，取來。
92.
The highly touted critic would taunt his taut-lipped brother whenever he thought he had taught him a lesson.
tout：高度讚揚，吹捧(to praise) -- touted 在此當形容詞用。taunt：嘲笑，激怒(to jeer at, to provoke)。taut：拉緊的，緊繃的(not slack, firm)。taught：(teach 的過去式和過去分詞) 教導(instructed)，給...一個教訓。
93.
I'm taller than my father. Let's eat first; then we'll go to the movies.
than：比較。then：當時，屆時，然後(at that time or soon after that)。
94.
The bridge that spans the Connecticut River, which flows into Long Island Sound,
is falling down.
that 和which 的用法說明請參見「文法寫作指南」的「子句」。
95.
They're driving their new car over there this afternoon.
they're = they are。their：they 的所有格(第三人稱複數)。there：那裡(in or at that place)。
96.
He threw a baseball right through the neighbor's front window. The neighbor made
a thorough report to the police.
threw：投擲(to propel through the air, hurl) -- throw 的過去式。through：經過，通過。thorough：完全的，徹底的(complete in every way)。[thru 這個字並非標準英語]
97.
In two hours, it's going to be too hot to go to town.
two 和too 應該不用解釋了吧! 第一個to 是任何不定詞的第一部份，而第二個to 是介系詞。
98.
They endured a torturous journey up the long and tortuous tributary of the Amazon.
torturous：使痛苦的，充滿痛苦的(very unpleasant or painful)。tortuous：彎曲的，蜿蜒的，曲折的(marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns)。
99.
That trooper was a real trouper.
trooper：(美國) 州警，騎兵，裝甲兵(police or military officer)。trouper：做事負責勤勉的人，忠於職守、不辭辛苦的人(someone who perseveres and succeeds in spite of hardships )。
100.
The politician's speech managed to be both turgid and turbid at the same time. turgid：浮誇的，誇張的(pompous, swollen, not flexible)。turbid：混淆不清的，混亂的(not clear, confused)。
101.
It seemed so utterly unconscionable that the elderly couple should be robbed while they were unconscious.
unconscionable：過份而說不過去的，肆無忌憚的(unscrupulous, outrageous)。unconscious：失去知覺的，不醒人事的(not aware)。
102.
Although the former mayor's career was unexceptionable, his personality was so bland that he was regarded as an unexceptional candidate for congress. unexceptionable：無可非難的，無懈可擊的(faultless)。unexceptional：無例外的，普通的，平常的(quite ordinary)。
103.
Is being venal listed among the venial sins?
venal貪污的，腐敗的，可用金錢賄賂的(capable of being bribed)。venial：可原諒的，輕微的(pardonable, not serious)。
104.
His waist continued to grow and grow, but no food was allowed to waste in his house! waist：腰，腰部。waste：浪費，耗損(to fail to use or use extravagantly)。
WAKE 和AWAKE 的時態變化
這兩個動詞的意思幾乎相同-- 喚醒，起床-- 且都可以當做及物動詞(I woke up the dog.) 和不及物動詞(I am waking up.) 使用。"awaken" 比較正式一點(有人會說比較呆板和拘謹)。"to wake" 幾乎都是用做片語動詞，後面接"up" -- 除了「喪葬前一天晚上的守靈、守屍」的意思外。
人稱
現在式
過去式
完成式型態
分詞型態
第一
I wake up/
awake/awaken
I woke up/
awoke/awoken
I have
woken up/have woken /have
awoken
I am waking up/am awaking/am awakening
這些動詞的被動態與to speak 的被動態一樣。我們說"Angry words have been spoken." 及"The children have been woken/awoken/woken up by the thunder." 105.
I used to wonder how he could just wander around the city like that.
wonder：對...感到驚奇，想要知道(be curious about)。wander：閒逛，徘徊，漫遊(to move around without plan)。
106.
Where were you? We're over here.
were：are 的過去式。we're：we are 的縮寫。
107
I don't know whether we'll go or not. I think it depends on the weather.
whether：是否，...抑或...。weather：天氣。
108.
She ate the whole donut, hole and all.
whole：全部的，整個的(complete)。hole：洞，孔(an opening through something)。109.
Whose book is that? Who's there?
whose：who 的所有格。who's：who is 的縮寫。
110.
Visiting the reeking wrack and ruin of an old shipyard, we racked our brains trying
to remember the author of "The Wreck of the Hesperus," which tells how an iceberg wreaked havoc on a ship.
reeking：惡臭的(smelling strongly or unpleasantly)。wrack：(建築物等的) 毀壞，荒廢(a ruin, a destroyed remnant) -- wrack and ruin：毀壞。rack：使焦慮，使痛苦，折磨(to stretch or strain or torment) -- to rack one's brains：絞盡腦汁。wreck：殘骸(remains of something ruined)。wreak：使...招致，造成(to inflict, to cause)。
vocabulary n. 词汇（可数名词） word n. 单词；话语 aloud adv. 出声地；大声地 （无比较级，反义词：quietly；silently）loudly adv.高声地；吵闹地 loud adv.响亮地 adj. 喧闹的; 响亮的 pronounce vt. 拼读；发音 pronunciation n. 发音法；拼读法 specific adj. 明确的；具体的 specifi cally adv. 明确地；具体地 special adj. 特殊的；特别的 specially adv. 专门地；特别地 especially adv. 特别；尤其；格外 particular adj. 非一般的；特别的；特殊的particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地 memorize vt. 记起来；熟记；回忆起memorization n. 记忆；回忆 gramm ar n. 语法 grammatically adv. 语法地；从语法角度来说， add A to B 把A添加/补充到B中 add up to + 数量总计达到… spoken English 英语口语 make a mistake = make mistakes by mistake错误地 by accident 偶然地，意外地 comma n. 逗号 period n. 句号 question mark n. 问号 challenge n. 挑战(复数challenges) vt. 挑战 solution. n. 解决方案；解答
later adv. 后来；一会以后 late adj. 晚；迟 adv. 晚；迟 lately adv. 近来；最近 latest adj. 最新的 realize v. 意识到；（某人）实现（梦想） Eg: Finally, Kelsy realized her dream. come true（某人的梦想）实现 Eg: Finally, her dream came true. matter vi. 起重要作用；要紧 Eg: I know Charles doesn't think this project is important, but it matters to me. afraid = terrified adj.害怕的；发愁的 be afraid of ... = be terrified of …畏惧/害怕… be afraid to do = be terrified to do 畏惧/害怕做… laugh at … = make fun of …取笑/嘲笑… complete vt.完成 adj. 完整的；完全的 completely adv完整地 childhood n. 童年 on duty 值班；值日 break off 突然中止；中断 break down 抛锚；出毛病 break up 分手 take a ride 兜风 take care 当心，注意；保重 sb. be sure of sth. sb. be sure to do sth. sb. Be sure that … it is certain(无疑; 确定) that certain adj. 某，某些，某个 Eg: comic n. 连环漫画，连环画杂志 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 patiently adv. 耐心地 at the end of … in the end take pride in … = be proud of … with pleasure可以用来应答对方的请求， Eg: “Would you mind holding the door open for me, please?” “Oh, with pleasure.” It’s a pleasure.或It’s my pleasure.是用来回答感谢时的答语。 pierce v. 刺穿；刺破 earring n. 耳环 opportunity n. 机会 chance n, 机会 experience n.经历；阅历（可数名词） 经验（不可数名词） vt. 体会，经历过 experienced adj. 有经验的 mess n. 混乱，脏乱 forget vt. 忘记 forgetful adj. 健忘的 用介词to搭配的词有： answer，key，reply to 3 tickets to a football match instead adv. 代替，更换，相反 newsletter n. 时事通讯，简报 achieve vt. 完成，实现 achievement n. 成就 real adj真实的 really adv. 事实上; 实际上; 真正地; realistic adj. 现实的，注重实效的
初中英语易混淆单词 1：pronounce 发.......音，pronunciation 发音 2：hard adj.& adv. 硬的；辛苦地，努力地hardly adv.几乎不 3：change v. 改变chance n. 机会 4：feel （felt）v. 感觉，感到fall（fell）v. 落下 5：sleepy （feel sleepy）adj. 困倦的asleep （fall asleep）adj. 睡着的 6：different adj.不同的difference n.不同点 7：important adj.重要的importance n.:重要性 8：confident adj. 自信的confidence n.想、自信 9：distant adj. 远的distance n.距离 10：appear v.出现appearance n.出现，外貌 11：difficult adj.难的difficulty n.难点 12：expect v. 期望except prep.除.........之外accept v.接收 13：though adv.$conj. 尽管；虽然through adv.&prep 穿过 thought n.想法v.think 的过去式 14：pass v.经过，通过past adj.过去的n. 过去 15：sometimes 有时some times 几次sometime 某个时候some time 一段时间16：shake v.动摇snake n.蛇snack n.小吃 17：quite adv.相当quiet adj.安静的quick adj.快的 18：affect v.影响effect n.结果，影响effort n.努力 19：dessert n.甜食desert n.沙漠v.放弃 20：costume n.服装custom n.习惯 21：chicken n.鸡kitchen n.厨房 22：steal （stole，stolen）v.偷steel n.钢 23：decide v.决定decision n.决定 24：discuss v.讨论discussion n.讨论 25：express v.表达expression n.表达 26：invite v.邀请invitation n.邀请 27：imagine v.想象imagination n.想象 28：organize v.组织organization n.组织 29：communicate v.交流communication n. 交流 30：operate v.操作operation n.交流 31：create v.创造creation n.创造creative adj.有创造力的 32：attract v.吸引attraction n.吸引attractive adj.吸引人的 33：translate v.翻译translation n.翻译 34：celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝 35：pollute v.污染pollution n.污染 36：invent v. 发明invention n. 发明inventor n.发明家 37：produce v.制造production n.制造 38：introduce v.介绍introduction n.介绍 39：tradition n.传统traditional adj.传统的traditionally adv.传统地
容易拼写错误的英文单词 1）abroad 国外aboard 上（船，飞机） 2）adapt 适应adopt 采用 3）affect v 影响effect n 结果，影响 4）angel 天使angle 角度 5）bear n. 熊v. 忍受beer 啤酒 6）champion 冠军campaign 战役champagne 香槟酒 7）chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房 8）content 内容，满足的context 上下文contest 竞争，比赛 9）contact 接触contract 合同 10）cow 牛crow 乌鸦crowd 人群 11）drawn draw 过去分词drown 溺水 12）dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记 13）dessert 甜食desert 沙漠 14）except 除外expect 期望accept 接受 15）expand 扩张expend 花费extend 延长 16）expect 期望respect 尊敬aspect 方面inspect 视察suspect 怀疑 17）floor 地板flour 面粉 18）incident 事件accident 意外 19）later 后来latter 后者latest 最近的lately adv 最近 20）lone 孤独的alone 单独的lonely 寂寞的 21）loose 松的lose 丢失loss n 损失lost lose过去式 22）March 三月，march 前进match 比赛 23）monkey 猴子donkey 驴 24）metal 金属mental 神经的medal 勋章model 模特 25）pat 轻拍tap 轻打 26）police 警察policy 政策politics 政治 27）protest 抗议protect 保护 28）purpose 目的suppose 假设 29）quite 相当quiet 安静地 30）require 需要acquire 获得 31）slide 使滑行slip 跌落 32）steal 偷steel 钢 33）sweet 甜的sweat 汗水 34）site 场所sight 视觉 35）story 故事storey 楼层store 商店 36）scare 惊吓scarce 缺乏的 37）strike 打stick 坚持strict 严格的 38）through 通过thorough 彻底的though 尽管thought think 过去分词 犯错的原因： 1. 漏字母 (单词拼写遗漏字母, 这是最常见的错误类型) leadership government forehead affair necessary permission quarrel excellent interrupt satellite address pressure tempera
初中英语易混淆单词｛pronunciation n.发音 pronounce v.发……音 ｛hard adj.&adv.硬的；辛苦地 hardly adv.（频度副词）几乎不 ｛chance n.机会 change v.改变 ｛fell v.动词fall的过去式 feel v. （感官动词）感觉，感到 ※注意：fall—fell v.落下feel—felt v.感觉 ｛sleepy adj.困倦的 asleep adj.睡着的 ※注意：fall asleep 入睡feel sleepy 感到疲倦 ｛different adj.不同的 difference n.不同点 ｛except prep.除…之外 expect v.期望，要求 ※注意：besides 的意思是“除……外还有”，except的意思是“不包括在内”。 ｛though adv. & conj.尽管；虽然 through adv.&prep.从一边到另一边；穿过 ｛another pron.再一；又一 other adj.其他的，另外的 ※注意：others是指“另外的人（或物）”，是一个名词，相当于“other+n.”；the other 是指“（两个中）另一个；其余的”；the others是指“其余的人（或物）”，相当于“the other+n.”。｛pass v.经过，通过；传递；考试及格 past adj. 过去的（pass的过去分词） ※注意：pass—passed—passed/past ｛sometimes有时 some times几次 ｛sometime某个时候 some time一段时间
一．表主动和被动的不同。 有些由动词词根派生而来的形容词与该形容词所修饰的词之间存在这逻辑上的主动或被动关系，其中以-able,-ible,和-ed后缀结尾的形容词往往含有被动意味，而以-ful,-ous，或-tive结尾的往往含有主动意味。 1.respectful与respectable(respecting,respective) respectful意思是“恭敬的，尊敬人的”，有主动性的“尊敬 他人”之意。例如：the children were well mannered and respectful toward grown-ups.孩子们彬彬有礼，尊敬大人。 Respectable是“可敬的，值得尊敬的”的意思，表示“还过 得去”，为一般性的赞语，含被动意味。例如： It’s not respectable to get drunk in the street.在大街上 喝的醉醺醺的是有失体统的。 Respecting常用作介词，表示“关于,,,,在，，，方面”之意。 例如： Problems respecting air pollution in cities should be considered seriously.关于城市空气污染问题应给与认真考虑。 Respective表示“各自的，分别的”的意思。 Go to your respective places.各就各位。 2.imaginative 与imaginable(imaginary) imaginative 意思是“富于想象力的”，和他所修饰的人之间 含有主动的关系。例如： teachers like imaginative children.老师喜欢富有想象力的
小学易混淆的英语单词（1-30） 1.quite 相当quiet 安静地 2.affect v 影响，假装effect n 结果，影响 3.adapt 适应adopt 采用adept 内行 4.angel 天使angle 角度 5.dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记 6.contend 奋斗，斗争content 内容，满足的 7.context 上下文contest 竞争，比赛 8.principal 校长，主要的principle 原则 9.implicit 含蓄的explicit 明白的 10.dessert 甜食desert 沙漠v 放弃 11.pat 轻拍tap 轻打slap 掌击rap 敲，打 12.descent n 向下，血统descend v 向下 13.sweet 甜的sweat 汗水 https://www.doczj.com/doc/483876348.html,ter 后来latter 后者 15.extensive 广泛的intensive 深刻的 16.aural 听力的oral 口头的 17.abroad 国外aboard 上（船，飞机） 18.altar 祭坛alter 改变 19.assent 同意ascent 上升accent 口音 20.pray 祈祷prey 猎物 21.chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房 22.monkey 猴子donkey 驴 23.chore 家务活chord 和弦 24.clash （金属）幢击声crash 碰幢，坠落crush 压坏 https://www.doczj.com/doc/483876348.html,pliment 赞美complement 附加物 26.confirm 确认conform 使顺从 27.contact 接触contract 合同contrast 对照 28.council 议会counsel 忠告consul 领事 29.crow 乌鸦crown 王冠 30.dose 一剂药doze 打盹
英语中易混淆的词 1） quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2） affect v 影响，假装 effect n 结果，影响 3） adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行 4） angel 天使 angle 角度 5） dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记 6） contend 奋斗，斗争 content 内容，满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争，比赛 7） principal 校长，主要的 principle 原则 8） implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的 9） dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文 10） pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打 11） decent 正经的 descent n 向下，血统 descend v 向下 12） sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水 13） later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近 14） costume 服装 custom 习惯 15） extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的 16） aural 耳的 oral 口头的 17） abroad 国外 aboard 上（船，飞机） 18） altar 祭坛 alter 改变 19） assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音 20） champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役 21） baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓 22） beam 梁，光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式 23） precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续 24） pray 祈祷 prey 猎物 25） chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房 26） monkey 猴子 donkey 驴 27） chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳 28） cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉 29） clash （金属）幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏 30） compliment 赞美 complement 附加物
易混词汇表 1）Exceptional(例外的，优秀的)//exceptionable（可反对的，令人反感的） 2）Instigate（煽动，教唆）//castigate（惩罚，申斥） 3）Ingenuous(真诚的，天真的)//ingenious（聪明的，有独创性的） 4）Daunt（恐吓）//gaunt（憔悴的）//taunt（炫耀）//vaunt（吹嘘）//flaunt（招摇） 5）Slipshod（邋遢的，衣衫不整的）//slapstick（滑稽剧） 6）Cursory（马虎的，草率的）//cursive（草书的）//discursive（散漫的） 7）Immanent（内在的）//imminent（即将来临的）//eminent（杰出的）//prominent（重要的，杰出的） 8）Functionary(公职人员，公务员)//perfunctory（马虎的） 9）Potent（强有力的）//portent（恶兆的）//portend（预示） 10）Contemptible（被鄙视的，值得鄙视的，卑鄙的）//contemptuous（表现出鄙视的） 11）Appreciative（理解的，感激的）//appreciable（大量的，壮观的） 12）Considerate（体谅的，考虑周到的）//considerable（可观的，大量的） 13）indigent（贫穷的）//indigenous（本土的，土生土长的） 14）indolent（懒惰的）//insolent（傲慢的）//redolent（芳香的，唤起回忆的）
15）compunction（懊悔）//compunctious（懊悔的）//compound（复合，加剧） 16）discrimination（区别，歧视）//incrimination（牵连）//recrimination（反责） 17）pejorative（贬低的）//ameliorative（改良的） 18）tenuous单薄的，脆弱的）//tenacious（坚韧的）//tenable（站得住脚的） 19）venereal disease（性病//venerable（可敬的，令人起敬的） 20）benign（良性的）//malign（恶性的） 21）Circumscribe（限制）//circumspect（小心慎重的）//circumvent（规避，回避） 22) indict（指控，起诉）//edict（命令） 23) impoverish（使贫困）//improvise（即席创作） 24) tout（招徕，兜售）//flout（藐视，嘲笑，违反） 25) abstract（抽象的，摘要）//extract（提取，开采）//contract（合同，缩小）//intractable （倔强的，难管的） 26) progeny（后代）//progenitor（祖先） 27) connoisseur(内行，行家)//surveillance（侦察）
1.sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 2. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习take exercise 做运动 3. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job，What interesting work it is! 4. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook. 5. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 6. problem, question problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用 7. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low. 8. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 9. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room. 10. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.
易混淆的100组单词 1.quite相当quiet安静地 2.affect v.影响，假装effect n. 结果，影响 3.adapt适应adopt采用adept内行 4.angel天使angle角度 5.dairy奶制品diary日记 6.contend奋斗，斗争 content内容，满足的 context上下文contest竞争，比赛 7.principal校长，主要的principle原则 8.implicit含蓄的explicit明白的 9.dessert甜食desert n.沙漠v.放弃dissert写论文 10.pat轻拍tap轻打 slap掌击rap敲，打 11.rude粗鲁的crude天然的 12.decent正经的 descent n.向下，血统 descend v.向下 13.sweet甜的sweat汗水 https://www.doczj.com/doc/483876348.html,ter后来latter后者的 latest最近的lately adv.最近 15.costume服装custom习惯 16.extensive广泛的intensive a.集中的 17.aural听觉的oral口头的 18.abroad国外 aboard上（船，飞机） 19.altar n.祭坛alter v.改变 20.assent同意ascent上升 accent口音 21.champion冠军 champagne香槟酒 campaign战役 22.source来源，水源 sauce酱油saucer茶 resource资源recourse 求援 23.precede领先 proceed 进行，继续 24.pray祈祷prey猎物 25.chicken鸡kitchen厨房 26.monkey猴子donkey驴 27.chore家务活chord和弦cord细绳 28.cite引用site场所sight视觉 29.clash（金属）碰撞声 crash撞碎，坠落crush压坏 https://www.doczj.com/doc/483876348.html,pliment赞美 complement补足物 31.confirm确认 conform符台，使顺从 32.contact接触contract合同 contrast对照 33.vocation 职业vacation假期 evocation唤起revocation撤回 34.council议会counsel忠告 consul领事 35.crow乌鸦crown王冠 clown小丑cow牛 36.dose 一剂（药）doze打盹 37.drawn draw过去分词drown溺水 38.emigrant移民到国外（迁出） immigrant从某国来的移民（迁入） 39.excess n.超过exceed v.超过 excel v. 擅长 40.hotel旅馆 hostel旅社，招待所（尤指青年旅社） https://www.doczj.com/doc/483876348.html,titude纬度altitude 高度 gratitude感澈 42.immoral不道德的 immortal不朽的 43.lone孤独alone单独的 lonely寂寞的 44.area区域era时代 45.metal金属mental精神的 medal勋章model模特 meddle管闲事 46.scare惊吓scarce缺乏的 47.drought天旱draught拖拉的 draughts（英）国际跳棋 48.assure保证insure给…保险 49.except除外expect期望 accept接受excerpt摘录 50.floor地板flour面粉 51.incident事件accident意外 52.inspiration灵感aspiration渴望 53.march三月，前进match比赛 54.patent专利potent强有力的 potential潜在的 1
高中英语易混单词 aboard adv.在船、火车、飞机等上abroad adv.在国外, 到处 absolute adj.绝对的 solve v. 解决 salute v. 敬礼 solution n. 解决方法 abrupt adj. 突然的，意外的bankrupt adj. 破产的 corrupt adj. 腐化的，贪污的 erupt v.（尤指火山）喷出，爆发interrupt v.打断 active adj. 积极的 activity n. 活动 achieve v. 完成；达到 receive v. 收到；招待 accent n. 口音 accept v. 接受 adapt vt.①使适应②改编 adopt vt.①采用②收养 adjust vt.①调整，调节②校正 admit v. 承认 submit v. 提交；屈服 affect v 影响，假装 effect n 结果，影响 angel n.天使 angle n. 角度 access n.①进入，②使用；接近hav access to 有机会使用 assess vt.估计；评估；评价 attain v. 达到obtain v. 获得 contain v. 含有，包含 academy n. 学院，协会 academic a. 学院的；学术的epidemic n. 流行病 apply (for) v. 申请 reply (to) v. 回复 rely (on) v. 依靠 assure v. 保证 ensure v. 使确定 insure v. 给……保险 assemble v 集合，装配 resemble v. 象…… attack v. 袭击；攻击 attract v. 吸引 award v. 授予n. 奖品 reward v. 奖赏；报答n. 报酬，奖赏，报答 biography n. 传记 photograph n. 照片 paragraph n.(文章等的) 段落；短评，短讯telegraph v. 发电报；n.电报 charity n. 慈善, 慈善机构 clarify v. 澄清, 阐明 classify v. 把……分类，把……分级 champion n. 冠军 campaign n. 战役；运动 cite v.引用 site n.场所 sight n.视觉 costume n. 服装 custom n.习惯, 风俗
下面这些易混词，选自四六级考试历年真题 务必反复学习 undefined economic / economical 两者均可表示“经济的”，其区别可简单地概括为： ① economic主要与“财政”有关 eg：The boy left school for economic reasons. 这男孩因经济原因而缀学。 ② economical 主要与“节约”有关。 eg：To rent a house is more economical than to buy one. 租房比买房更经济。 ensure / insure
① insure：保险，给...投保 eg：After signing a contract with a professional baseball team，Jack decided to insure his pitching arm for $1 million. 和职业棒球队签约后，杰克决定为他投球的手臂投保100万美元。 ② ensure：确保 eg：Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off. 请确保将所有灯都关掉。 ③ 当表示"保证"的意思，两者通用，英国人爱用ensure，美国人爱用insure。 eg：our precautions ensured/insured our safety. 预防措施保证了我们的安全。 electric / electrical ① electric：电的，用电的，带电的，指任何电动的或发电的装置，被修饰的物体本身可带电。
eg：electric light 电灯 eg：please connect the two electric wires. 请将这两根电线接起来。 ② electrical：电的，与电有关的，电气科学的，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身不能带电。eg：electrical engineer 电气工程师 eg：All the electrical work was done by my younger brother. 所有的电工活都由弟弟来干。 eg：He buried himself in an electrical book. 他埋头读一本电学方面的书。 historic / historical ① historic：历史上著名的，具有历史意义的。强调的是事件本身具有的重大意义。
初中英语常用易混词汇辨析 汇用法例句above“在……上方”，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：belowThe sun rose above the horizon、太阳 升到了地平线以上。over“在……上面”，含有垂直在上的意思There is a bridge over the river、河上有座桥。o n“在…… 上面”，含有与表面相接触的意思There is an oil painting on the wall、墙上有一幅油画。across/through 词汇用法例句across“横过，穿过”，指从……的一边到另一边Be careful when you walk across the road、当你过马路的时候要小心。through “穿过”,强调从内部穿过The river flows through the city from west to east、这条河从西到东流过城市。at all/ after all 词汇用法例句at all“全然，根本不”，一 般用于否定句中加强语气She doesn’t like football at all、她一点也不喜欢足球。a fter all“毕竟，终究，到底”，一般 置于句首或句末作状语After all, he is a child、毕竟,他还是个孩子。f ew / a few / little / a little 词汇含义修饰名 词肯定/否定例句few几乎没有可数否定I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here、我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没 有几个朋友。a few有一些肯定Though the man has been here for only one month, he has a few friends、尽管这个人才在 这里住了一个月，但他就有了一些朋友。l ittle几乎没有不可数
一、动词 1. accept与receive 〔辨析〕accept “接受”，表示七行为是由主观意愿决定的。 receive “接到，受到；收到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。 〔注意〕在表示“接待，接见”时，通常用receive, 而不用accept。 [真题链接] (1) Surprised and happt, Tony stood up and ____ the present from his boss. (2009四川乐山， 29) A. received B. accepted C. refused [解析] B 句意：托尼又惊讶又开心，站起来接受了老板的礼物。receive 表示“收到”，accept 表示“接受”，而refuse 则表示拒绝，接受礼物应用动词accept. (2)Mr.Green received a present from his friend, but he didn’t ____(接受) it. （2009江苏 无锡，6） [解析] accept “接受礼物”用accept, 因为在didn’t 后面，所以用动词原形。 （3）I ____ her invition yesterdat.(receive) (2009广东深圳，51) [解析] received 句意：昨天我收到了她的邀请。 〔运用〕①I ____ it without question. ②I ____ a letter from him. ③We often ____ foreign guests. 〔答案〕①accept ②receive ③receive 2.agree to, agree with与agree on 〔辨析〕agree to “同意；应允”，通常用于同意某件事情（可以同意我们有自己不同看法而并不赞同的事情）。 agree with “同意；赞同”，常常表示同某人的意见一致，也可以表示赞同某件事 情，还有“（气候、食物等）适合”之意。另外，agree with 常用于被动语态。 agree on/upon “对······取得一直意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致 的意见或达成了某种协议。 [真题链接] －We shouldn’t spend too much time on computer games; it’s bad foy pur eyes. －_____! A. I agree with you B. That’s all right C. Enjoy your time [解析] A 句意：－我们不应该在电脑游戏上花费太多时间，这对我们的眼睛有害，－我同意你的意见！B选项是回答别人的道歉或道谢的，C选项是祝福别人玩的愉快。 只有A符合题意。 〔运用〕①Do you this plan? ②I quite ____ you. ③After discussion the two sides ____ a cease-fire. 〔答案〕①agree to ②agree with ③gree on 3. allow, let与promise 〔辨析〕allow “允许；许可”，一般指听任或默许某人去做什么，含有消极的不发表对的意思。
A about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用词, 如: look about 四处看。 around 具有about 的基本意思, 因此look about=look around, 但在下列短语里around没有about正式, 如: travel around 各处旅行 round 和around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用round指“旋转”, 而用around指“处处”, “到处”, 如: She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。 I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。 另外, 英国人用round的地方, 美国人倾向于用around, 如: [英] Winter comes round. [美] Winter comes around. above all；after all；at all above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 A clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all．他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。如： He doesn”t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？ If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。 add; add to; add…to; add up to add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。如： If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。 After a short while, he added that he would try his best．过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。 add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。如： The bad weather added to our difficulties．恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 add．．．to意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如： Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九。 add up to意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。如： All his school education added up to no more than one year．他的学校教育加起来不过一年。 affair; thing; matter; business affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。 thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。 matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。 business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。 a great deal; a great deal of a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语；用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如： A great deal has been studied and this is the best way．经过大量研究后，这（被认为）是最好的办法。 We are a great deal cleverer than before．我们比以前聪明多了。