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如何写英文书信

如何写英文书信
如何写英文书信

如何写英文书信

第一节书信概述

英语书信可大致分为正式信件和非正式信件两大类。正式信件包括商业书信(如日常商业信、有关商品和服务的信等)、社会交往书信(如邀请信、感谢信等)和公证信(如证明信、委拖书等)。非正式信件指私人信件,如家信、给家属、朋友的信等。

书信是交流信息传递情感最常用的方式之一。要写好一封英文书信并不容易,除了必须掌握英语的文法及语言特点之外,还得掌握英文书信特有的格式。

英语书信的语言特点可以归结为Seven Cs原则。Clearness(明了)、Conciseness(简洁)、Correctness(准确)、Courtesy(礼貌)、Character (个性)、Completeness(完整)、和Candor(坦城)。

一、书信的格式 (The letter styles )

英文书信的格式一般有四种,即齐头式(Full block style)、半齐头式(Semi-block style)、缩进式(Indented style)和半缩进式(Semi-indented style)。

1、齐头式(Full block style)

在齐头式英文书信中,信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名等都从左边顶格开始。例如:

95 Hill Road

Evanston, Illinoise

August 2, 2004

Anthony Walton, Esq.

Marketing &Development Manager

Tri-Wall Containers Ltd.

One Mount Street

London,WIY5AA

Dear Mr.Walton,

Filling system catalogue

We should be grateful for these copies of your current catalogues. We are particularly interested in filing cabinets.

Your sincerely,

Managing Director

2、半齐头式(Semi-block style)

写信人的地址、日期和结束语、签名写到中间靠右的地方,其余部分从左边顶格开始。例如:

15 Avenue Street

Bessemer, Alabama

U.S.A

February 3, 2004

Dr. David Peters

State Insurance Corporation

345 Hightower Boulevard

Prince Town, US 12345

Dear Dr. Peters

On the advent of the new year I wish you a merry Christmas and a bright and prosperous new year!

May our pleasant relations continue to expand in the year to come.

Sincerely yours,

P.Y. liang

Manager

3、缩进式 (Indented style)

在缩进式中,写信人地址、日期、收信人地址、结尾语和签名的排列,每一行都比上一行缩进1~2格。正文每段起行都缩进5个字母。例如:20 High Street

London SW1HOET

Britain

March 30,2004

Mr R Jameson

25 Silverthorn Gardens

BATH Somerset

BA29AN

Britain

Dear Mr Jameson

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Very truly yours,

J.P. Harvey

4、缩进式 (Semi-indented style)

写信人的地址、日期、结尾语和签名写在右边,收信人的地址、附件从

左边顶格写起,信的正文每一段落起行都缩进5个字母。例如:

Ms Barbars Edwards

26 West Avenue

London NW220ET Britain

April 30,2004

Mr James William

Minister of Foreign Trade

San Francisco, California 94122

U.S.A.

Dear Mr William,

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………….

Yours sincerely,

Ms. Edwards

二、书信的构成 (The parts of letters)

书信由以下几个部分组成:

1、信头(Heading)

信头是指寄信人的单位名称,地址和写信日期。信头的顺序一般为:单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)名、邮政编码、国名和写信日期。

正式信件的完整信头应包括发信人的地址和写信日期。位置一般在信纸的右上角。若用印有信头的信纸,则打上写信日期即可。私人信件或非正式信件的信头只需保留写信日期。日期中的月份应完整拼出,不宜缩写。如:英式日期:14th August, 2004和美式日期October 8, 2004 不可写成 14th Aug. 和Oct. 8, 2004。

信头有齐头式和缩进式两种写法,与信封上的寄信人的姓名和地址的写法相同。

2、信内地址(Inside Address)

信内地址指收信人的姓名和地址,包括单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)名、邮政编码和国名,与信封上的收信人的地址的写法相同。信内地址位于信纸的左边顶格写起,低于寄信人地址和写信日期一至两行。

信内地址也有齐头式和缩进式两种写法,与信封上的收信人姓名和地址的写法相同。

例1:

(信头Heading)

123 Third Avenue

New York, NY 10017

U.S.A.

June 4, 2004

(信内地址Inside Address)

Mr.William X.Johnson

University of Ohio

316 Evergreen Street

Freedom City ,Ohio 57632

U.S.A

例2.

(信头Heading)

Li Ming

Zhongnan University of Technology 1 Xueyuan Road

Hengyang,Hunan421001

P.R.China

November,20,1999

(信内地址Inside Address)

Dr. David Peters

State Insurance Corporation

345 Hightower Boulevard

Prince Town, US 12345

3、称呼(Salutation)

称呼写在低于信内地址一至二行的地方,从信纸的左边顶格写起,与信内地址第一行齐平。

称呼用语通常根据写信人和收信人的关系而定。

写给关系一般的个人信:Dear Mr. Smith;

Dear Prof. Tom;

Dear President Sherwood Scott等。

写给熟人或亲朋好友的信:Dear Smith,

My dear Ederward等。

写给政府机关、社会团体、公司等的公函:Gentlemen,

(Dear)sir(s)。

收信人是女性:(Dear) Madam,

My dear Madam,

My dear Mesdames(复数)。

名誉头衔,如M.D.(医学博士),Ph.D.(哲学博士),M.A.(文学硕士), M.D.(理学士)等要放在姓名后面,并用逗号与姓名隔开,如William New, M.D.。其他头衔,如Mr. Charles Zhang, Cashier。

收信人为普通大众或一组人时,可采用下列方式称呼:

Dear Readers: 亲爱的读者:

Dear Guest: 亲爱的旅客:

Dear Customer: 亲爱的顾客:

4、信的正文(Body of the letter)

信的正文就是书信的内容,也是书信的主体。

英语正文位于收信人的称呼下方,与称呼隔一至两行。正文的格式主要有齐头式和缩行式。正式书信无论采用哪一种格式,段与段之间都应空一行,表示分段。

就正文的内容而言,写事务信件时,一般应该开门见山,简明扼要,条理清楚,直截了当的说明写信的目的。如果信的正文较长,一页纸不够用,从第二页起不要用印有信头的信纸,用与第一页大小和颜色一样的白纸。

5、结束语(Complimentary Close)

结束语是写信人对收信人的一种谦称,相当于汉语的“此致,敬礼”、“XX 谨启”等。结束语只占一行,低于正文一至两行。结束语的第一个词的第一字母要大写,末尾用逗号。英语书信中结束语的种类很多,使用何种结束语,通常根据写信人和收信人的关系而定。主要有下列几种不同用法:

收信人地位或辈分高:Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Most sincerely yours,

一般:Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely,

Faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully,

Truly, Truly yours, Yours truly,

亲密友好: Love, With love,

Loving, Your loving,

As always, As ever,

Affectionately, Affectionately yours,

6、签名(Signature)

签名即写信人的署名,通常包括手签的姓名、打印的姓名和头衔三项内容,前两项必须包括,后一项则根据需要选择。签名位于结束语的下面一至两行。亲笔签名须放在打字姓名的上面。

7、附件(Enclosure)

当信件有附件时,应在签名下方左下角注明(Enclosures)或它的缩写形式Encl.或Enc.附件两(份)以上应写明具体数目。例如:Enclosure: Catalogue附目录

Enc.: Invoices 5附发票5张

8、又及(Postscript)

又及又称再启或附言,用于补叙遗漏的话,通常以缩写形式P.S.出现。又及与信的正文左端对齐,低于签名部分二至四行。

以上八项内容中,第一至第六项内容是英语信函的主要组成部分,一般不可缺少。第七项和第八项则视情况而定。

三、信封的写法

英语信封的写法与汉语不同。写英语信封时,要先在信封正面的左上角写上寄信人的姓名和地址。顺序一般为:姓名、单位名称、门牌号码和街道名称、城(镇)名、省(州)后、邮政编码和国名。在信封正面中

央写上收信人的姓名和地址,顺序与寄信人的姓名和地址相同。信封一般用打字机打出,可在收信人姓名前加上TO;在发信人姓名前加上FROM。例如:

(From) Li Ming,

English Department of Shanghai University,

Shanghai, 201800

P.R. China

(To)Prof. Bradley A. Smith,

College of English,

Emporia State University,

1200 Commercial

Emporia, Kansas 66801

U.S.A.

By Air Mail

书写信封时注意以下几点:

1)目前信封的写法多为齐头式。

2)如果想说明信件的类别,投递方式以及其他有关情况,可在信封左上角(即寄信人姓名和地址的下面)或左下角写上说明语。常见的说明语有:Registered(挂号信),Double-Registered(双挂号信), By Air Mail(航空信), Immediate(急件), Express(快信), Ordinary Mail(平信), Confidential(机密), Printed Matter(印刷品), Sample

Post(样品邮件), Manuscript(稿件), Photos Enclosed(内有照片), Photographs, Please Do Not Bend(内附照片,请勿折叠),With Parcel(packet)(另附包裹), Private(私人信,亲启)和Personal (个人信,私函)等。其中,Private, Personal和Confidential等说明语通常写在信封的左下角。例如:

Ma Chun

15 Jiefang Road

Hengyang, Hunan 421001 寄信人姓名地址

People’s Republic of China

Registered(挂号信)

Mr.John Warner

English Language Institute

收信人University of Pittsburgh

姓名地址 Pittsburgh,PA 15213

U.S.A

Personal(私函)

3)如果信件寄给第三者,再由第三者转交给收信人,则在收信人姓名后(后一行)先写上C/O(=care of, 表示“由……转交”), 然后再

写上转交人的姓名,地址则变为转交人的地址。例如:

Ma Chun

15 Jiefang Road

Hengyang, Hunan 421001 寄信人姓名地址

People’s Republic of China

Registered(挂号信)

Mr. John Warner

C/O Mr. Harold Wood

Department of Chemical Engineering

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, PA 15213

U.S.A

美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡大学机械系

哈罗德?伍德先生转交

约翰?魏纳先生收。

4)如果信件不是通过邮寄,而是托某某转交,则信封上不写收信人的地址,只写收信人的姓名,然后在收信人姓名后(后一行)先写上Kindness of, Politeness of, 或Through (By) Courtesy of等词语(这些词语均意为“请……转交”),再写带信人的姓名。例如:

Mr. John Warner

Kindness of Mr. Harold Wood

敬请哈罗德?伍德先生转交约翰?魏纳先生

也可只写收信人姓名,而不写带信人姓名,这时,需要在收信人姓名之前(上面一行)写上Please Forward(请转交……),例如:

Please Forward

Mr. John Hobart

请转交约翰?霍巴特先生

第二节社交信函

社交信函也称礼节性书信。

社交信函包括的范围很广,按内容与功能分,有欢迎信、感谢信、祝贺信、慰问信、道歉信、邀请信、介绍信、推荐信等等。

社交信函在英文书信中占很大比例,使用人数较多,应用范围较广。每一封社交书函都有一个特定而明确的目的。此类书信一般都开门见山,中肯切题,不涉及与该目的无关之事。

一、欢迎信(Letters of Welcome)

写欢迎信的目的主要是为了建立友好关系。写欢迎信应注意以下几点:1)语气热情友好,使对方感到亲切温暖。

2)应首先向对方表示欢迎和问候,并可简要介绍本方情况及对未来的

展望。

3)结尾时可再次对对方表示欢迎。

例信1:

Dear friends,

Welcome to our school. We are glad to have such a group of experienced teachers visiting us. We are sure the exchange of views among us will promote the friendly relationship between China and America. Finally, I hope you will enjoy your stay in China, make new friends and take away memories of a pleasant, productive day. After your visit, we sincerely hope you will give us your valuable suggestions.

Sincerely yours,

二、感谢信(Letters of thanks)

感谢信是社交书信中极常见的一种,是受到对方某种恩惠,如受到邀请、接待、慰问、收到礼品及得到帮助之后,而表态感谢的信函。感谢信的形式和内容视你受惠的程度以及你与收信人的关系的密切程度而定,简单随和的感谢信用一句话就能表明意思。写作时要注意以下几点:

1)措辞要自然,诚恳亲切,语气应谦恭有礼。

2)一开始就表示感谢之意,再说明感谢的原因。

3)使用些恰当的词表示对收信人提供的帮助或赠送的礼品的赞美,但不可言过其实。

4)感谢信尽量用手写,这显得更有诚意。

例信2:

Dear Christina,

Thank you very much for inviting us to your lovely party last night. We enjoyed the delicious dinner and delightful conversation very much..

It was so thoughtful of you to think of us. We hope we can have you over to our house soon.

With love,

Mike

例信3:

Dear Sirs

Thank you for your letter of June4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities. This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation.

Yours faithfully

三、祝贺信(Letters of Congratulations)

祝贺信是亲朋好友之间喜庆祝贺及建立保持良好商业关系时的一种信函,如用于祝贺重大节日、订婚、结婚、生子、受奖、乔迁、提升等。这类祝贺信除了表示喜悦之情和祝贺之意外,就是增强彼此的感情,所以文字自然轻松,没有拘泥之感。写祝贺信时要注意以下几点:

1)开门见山交待值得祝贺的事,并表达自己的祝贺之情。

2)进一步说明自己对值得祝贺之事的评价和自己的真切体会。

3)在信的结尾处再次表示祝贺及对收信人贴切的称赞。

例信4:(祝贺生日)

Dear Mike,

Here is a word of cheer for your 30th birthday from your old friend. My entire family joins me in sending you sincere and kind wishes. Please accept the small gift I am sending you as a token of my

best wishes for your happy birthday.

Sincerely yours,

Robin

例信5:(祝贺提升)

Dear Mr. Minister

Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to Minister of Trade, I am delighted that many years service you have given to your country should have been recognized and appreciated.

It has been a pleasure working with one as competent as you.I have always felt that you handle the problems we sent you exceptionally well. We are looking forward to your trip to China next month when we can celebrate your advancement in a more formal way.

Wish you continued success. ‘

Sincerely yours

四、慰问信(Letters of Consolation)

慰问信是对别人发生的不幸(如朋友生病、受伤、家人丧亡、遭受物质

上的损失或是生意失败等)表示问候、慰勉、关切、同情和鼓励的一种

书信。这类信应当诚恳而简短,语气要沉缓,切忌言语花哨而无实际内

容。

例信6:

Dear Ann,

I can’t tell you how sorry I was to learn of your accident. But

your sister tells me you will leave the hospital in two days. I’m certainly relieved to hear that!

I hope the flowers will brighten the room and cheer you up a little.

Love

例信7:

Dear Jane,

I’m very regretful to hear of your failure in the final examination. I know you must feel discouraged. But that is not necessary. I know you are a hardworking student.

英文书信中的常用句型-最新范文

英文书信中的常用句型 1、报歉英文信开头常用句式: I am writing this letter to express my regret... I am writing to apologize for... I would like to give you my apology for... I am very sorry to say that... I must apologize about (not) doing sth... Please accept my sincere apology for... I am writing to say sorry for... I am terribly sorry, but... 2、道歉信结尾常用句式:

Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. Please allow me to say sorry again. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies. I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now. I am sorry that I can’t...and trust that you will be able to understand. 英文信写作中辞职信的写作方法跟道歉信有着必由之路之处。辞职信的目的也是向收信人表明歉意,请求对方谅解自己的分开。辞职信通常包括以下内容:表示歉意;表明离开的理由。英文书信中的常用句型 写辞职信的语言要诚挚,阐明的理由要切实,不要显出丝毫的披肝沥胆。好的辞职信不仅会取得对方的理解,还会增进彼此的感情,为当前

英文书信写作格式

英文书信写作格式 1、英文书信写作的五项基本原则 这五项基本原则是:consideration, conciseness, clarity, courtesy, correctness。即:体贴、简明、清晰、礼貌、正确。 2、英文书信的结构 信头(heading):包括写信人地址和写信日期。位置在信笺的右上角。地址从小到大,按单位换行,比如第一行写门牌号和街道,第二行写城市和省(州),第三行写国家和邮政编码。日期按照下列格式:june 1,XX(美国),1 june,XX(英国)。 封内地址(inside address):如果是比较正式的信函,信笺上还要写上对收信人的称呼和他的地址。它一般位于信头的下方,信笺的左边顶格的位置。 称呼(salutation):封内地址低两行,靠左边顶格自成一行。如果是公函,则称呼对方的职位,如果是一般朋友则可称呼为my dear xx,如果是比较熟悉的朋友则可以用dear xx。

正文(the body):有什么写什么即可。但注意五项基本原则。 结尾词和签名(complmentary close and signature):一般信函的结尾词用yours sincerely/truely/faithfully)。如果是公函则以yours respectfully结尾为多。亲密一些的私人信件则可以根据情况以yours ever/ affectionaely,love,等结尾。结尾词下方要求手写签名,手写签名下方打印签名。 附件和再启(enclosure and postscript):如果有附件,则可以按照这样的格式写:enclosure: xxx。如果有另外的事情需要补充,则可以用p.s.开头,表示“又启,又及”的意思。 信封的格式(superscription):写信人的姓名地址位于信封左上角(或信封背面中上方)。收信人的姓名地址位于信封中央或偏右。 收转:在收信人姓名下方写上收转人的姓名,并在前面写上c/o字样。

英语写作-书信类作文常用句型

英语写作书信类作文常用句型 一、写作格式 1、称呼 (1)机构 A、不认识负责人 Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir / Madam, To whom it may concern, B、认识负责人 Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang, (2)个人 A、关系不亲密 Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor Wang, B、关系亲密 Dear Michael, 2、正文 3、落款 (1)祝福语 Best wishes! / The best regards! (2)签名 Yours sincerely,

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注:如果是相当熟悉和随便的朋友之间,因为彼此都知道对方的地址,故信头和信内的地址常常省略。 5)正文(body),即信件内的主要内容。正文第一句句子一般和称呼之间空一至二行。 6)信尾客套语(complimentary close),即写信人在信的右(或左)下角,写上表示自己对收 信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely,; Sincerely yours,; Yours sincerely,; Friendly yours,; Truly yours,; Yours truly,; Cordially yours,; Yours cordially,等。 7)信尾签名(signature),即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信,在写信人签名的上方,同样应该打上写信人的姓名。 除以上七个部分外,有时一些英语书信还包括:(1)附件(Enclosure),以Enc. 表示,如“附有。。。。。。证明”应写为Enc…Certificate;(2)再启(Postscript),以P.S. 表示;(3)抄送件(Carbon Copy to…),以c.c. 表示,说明一式多份抄送其他有关人员。这些都是次要的补充部分。P.S. 主要在私人信件中使用,事务信件中应避免使用,以免造成写信人粗心大意的印象。Enc.和c.c. 大都用在商贸信函中。

英语写信常用语句

常用开头: 1 I was glad to hear you good news.很高兴听到您的消息。 2 Forgive me for not writing sooner.原谅我没有很快回信。 3 It was very kind of you to reply so quickly.你能很快回信太好了。 4 I am sorry to hear that you have not been well.听说您身体不好我很难过。 常用结尾: 1 I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon.盼望很快收到您的回信。 2 I am very sorry for any inconvenience I have caused you.对由于我所引起的不便深表抱歉。 3 Thank you again for your kindness and considerarion.在此感谢您的体谅。 4 We would greatly appreciate your cooperation.感谢您的合作。 5 Please kindly remember me to your sister.向你妹妹致意。 6 Please give my regards to your parents.代我向你父母问好。 范文: Dear parents,How is everything these days? I miss you very much.I am very happy at my new shool. My teachers and shoolmates are very friendly to me .They ofen help me with my study.Now I am not worried about my English because I make a lot of progress in it anb I become more and more intrested in it. My shool life here is also wonderful. I take part in many part-time activities . I make many friends there and learn lots of learning methods.Now final exam is coming. I am busy preparing it . I will try my best to do well in it.I am glad that the summer holiday is coming. I want to take part in a GREEN CITY GROUP.I think I should make a contribution to protecting our environment.It's hot these days but I can take good care of myself.You should pay more attention to your health.Best wishes to you.Love you,XXX Dear mom and dad, It has been two weeks since I last wrote to you. I am so sorry that I don't write you very often. However, I have been busy with my preparation for the final exams. As you know, I'm coming home on Jan.14th. But before that, I have to take the final exams for all six classes I'm taking this semester. Recently I have been in and out of the library a lot to do some research on the term paper for one of the classes. Most professors gave out the review problems already so that the students can study for the final. I think I'm doing okay studying for the final. Besides reviewing materials, I'm also planning to host the New Year party of my department. You know there are so many talented people in my Communications major, but they picked me to host the party! Great, isn't it? Well gotta go talk to you soon. Love you, XXX

(高考必背)英文书信作文常用句型

高考英文书信作文常用句型(修订版) 感谢信(A Letter of Thanks) 1. Thank you so much for ……. 2. I would like to thank you from the bottom of my heart for…… 3. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for…… 4. I’m grateful to you for …… 5. I truly appreciate your …… 6. Words fail to convey my gratitude to you. 道歉信(A Letter of Apology) 1. I would like to express my apology for…… 2. Excuse me for…… 3. Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology for…… 4. I’m terribly sorry to tell you that…… 5. Will you be good enough to exc use me for…… 6. I am writing to apologize to you for …… 7. Would you mind if I change the appointment time.(你是否介意如果我更改约会时间) 8. To make up my thoughtless behavior, I……(我想……以弥补……) 9. I wish I could be given a chance to make up for my inconsideration. 询问信(A Letter of Inquiry) 1. I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning……( 我写信是希望得到……的信息) 2. I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain some materials about…… 3. I would be grateful if you inform me …… 4. I should be obliged if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects. (若能获悉……,将不胜感激) 5. I am writing to seek for your assistance in……( 我写信是要请求您的帮助) 6. I would appreciate it if you could provide us with …… ( 如果您能为我们提供……,我将不胜感激) 7. The questions I need answering are listed below. (下列是我想咨询的问题) 8. Will you please send me the relevant information and application forms (您能给我寄相关的资料和申请表吗?) 9. Should I need to send further materials, please let me know. (我是否需要再寄其他资料给你,请及时告知。) 10. Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects.(能否针对上述的问题寄些相关的小册子给我。) 11. I am eagerly awaiting your reply to this matter. 12. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated

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