新编大学英语第二版第五册练习答案
新编大学英语第二版第五册第一单元练习答案
1. Understanding Emotions
Step Two（略）
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) C 2) A 3) D 4) D 5) C 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) A 10) D 11) C 12) C
3. Predicting the Outcome of the Story（略）
Vocabulary
1. 1) semi-circle (half) 2) semi-detached (partly, not completely)
3) semi-finals (next to)
4) semi-annual (happening, appearing, etc. twice in a stated period)
5) semi-retired (partly, not completely) 6 ) semi-automatic (partly, not completely)
7) semi-professional (partly, not completely) 8) semi-conscious (partly, not completely)
9) Semi-tropical (next to) 10) semi-literate (partly, not completely)
2. 1) A. convict B. accused C. charged D. convicted
2) A. hopeful B. willful C. willful D. wishful
3) A. tradition B. habit C. custom/tradition D. custom
4) A. appreciation B. affection C. appreciation D. admiration
5) A. glance B. glimpse C. glare D. glance
6) A. reward B. awarded C. rewarded D. prizes
3. 1) on and off (from time to time) / now ad then (sometimes but not very often)
2) now and then (sometimes but not very often)
3) here and there (in different places)
4) ups and downs (good and bad periods following one another in turn)
5) far and near (everywhere) 6) now ad then (sometimes but not very often)
7) up and down (moving upwards and downwards)
8) day and night (all the time) 9) day and night (all the time)
10) on and off (from time to time)
Part Three Further Development
1. Enriching Your Word Power
1) B 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) A 8) B 9) A 10) C
2. Can You Solve This?
Answer: The murderer is Mrs. Van Pelt.
Reasons: 1) Mrs. Van Pelt smoked;
2) Mrs. Van Pelt was wearing blue;
3) A note found in Mrs. Van Pelt’s purse (She Knew about her husband’s affair with a lady called Elizabeth);
4) At 11:10, five minutes after the murder, Mrs. Van Pelt came into the kitchen and heated milk.
5) Mrs. Van Pelt’s name was Jane (Her husband was in love with someone else and wanted to divorce her).
新编大学英语第二版第五册第二单元练习答案
Post-Reading
1.Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction: (Para.1)
A homeless man expresses thanks to a man holding the door for him
Setting: a local restaurant
Characters: shoppers, families and students
Situation: the coming and leaving of a homeless man
2) Main Body (Para.2-11)
There’s a lack of good manners in today’s world.
Supporting evidence:
A At the restaurant, no one thanked the people providing the service; (Para.2)
B Women hardly show their gratefulness to people for their help while driving; (Para.4)
C Fewer men hold open doors for those behind them; (Para.4)
D Very often parents do not apologize for what their children do; (Para.7)
E Children are not schooled in social graces; (Para.8)
F Rude language is so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. (Para.10)
3) Conclusion(Para.12-13)
The importance of manners:
In a crowded world, being polite to each other helps ease our daily stress.
2.Understanding Specific Information
1) B 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B 8) B
3.Expressing Your Own Ideas
1)At the end of the article, the author raises the question, “Are we really so pressured that
we c annot stop to observe simple courtesy?” What do you think her answer would be?
Do you agree with her? How do you explain the lack of courtesy?
SAMPLE:
The author’s answer must be “No”. I agree with her entirely. I think the lack of good manners is due to the following reasons:
—People haven’t realized the importance of good manners;
— There is a general lack of good manners in the society;
— Children are not taught to observe courtesy at home and at school.
2) The author says that “In a crowded world, manners are of vital importance.” Do you agree? If so, why?
SAMPLE:
I agree with what the author says in the article. With the increase of population, the world seems smaller. This inevitably causes more inconveniences, troubles, etc. If people do not observe courtesy in their everyday life, there will be quarrels, conflicts and even fights. The whole society will be in chaos. So I think that manners are really of vital importance in the world today.
Vocabulary
1. home-style (l. 1): like what is made at home
shopper (l. 2): someone who buys things in shops
homeless (l. 4): without a home
diner (l. 12): someone who is eating dinner in a restaurant
discomfort (l. 13): the state of being uneasy/uncomfortable
takeout (l. 14): dissatisfaction, disapproval
disapproving (l. 21): showing that you think someone or something is bad or undesirable
inconsiderate (l. 63): not caring about the feelings, needs or comfort of other people
displeasure (l. 65): dissatisfaction; disapproval
oversensitive (l. 66): too easily influenced or offended
disintegration (l.72): the state of becoming weaker or less united and being gradually destroyed
breakdown (l. 73): collapse (n.); failure to progress
2. Fill in the blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases given below. Change the form if necessary.
commit gather up acknowledge help out inhabit be destined to indication chase derive from observe
1)After he received the phone call, John gathered up his papers and left the room.
【译文】接了一个电话之后，约翰收起他的论文离开了房间。
2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didn’t know how I could help him out.
【译文】他显然是碰到了某种麻烦，但我不知道该怎样帮助他解决。
3)Tim felt he had committed a faux pas and left quietly.
【译文】提姆觉得他犯了失礼的错误，悄悄地离开了。
4)We must not fail to acknowledge his services to the town.
【译文】我们一定不要忘了感谢他为镇上所做的事情。
5)You can certainly derive a considerable amount of information from that picture.
【译文】你当然能够从那张照片中知道很多的事情。
6)Thomas Brown had always felt that he was destined to lead his country.
【译文】托马斯·布朗总觉得他注定是国家的领头人。
7)No one has inhabited that island for over 100 years.
【译文】100多年来从没有人在那个岛上居住过。
8)This law has been faithfully observed by the Italian government.
【译文】这项法律为意大利政府忠实地奉行。
9)There are indications that the weather is changing.
【译文】有迹象表明天气正发生变化。
10)The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.
【译文】警车跑得这么快，一定是在追什么人。
3. 1) A. acquisition B. requisition
2) A. inhibited B. inhabit
3) A. striving B. strides C. stripes
4. Exercise: Phrases with “Hand”
Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate phrase from the list.
1) in hand at hand by hand hand in hand down hand over
A.They would catch the robbers and hand them over to the police.
他们愿意抓获强盗并移交给警方。
B.The art of story-telling is handed down from mother to daughter.
讲故事的艺术从母亲传给女儿。
C.We have to make the corrections by hand since the computer can’t do them.
我们不得不用手工修正，因为计算机干不了。
D.Your composition should be handed in by Friday.
你的作文要在星期五之前交上来。
E.I thought I had my destiny in hand, but then fate played a trick on me.
我以为我把命运掌握在手中，可是随后命运就捉弄了我。
F.Remember to keep a first-aid kit (急救箱) close at hand all the time.
记得把急救包随时放在手边。
2) run around run into run over run out run off run through
A.I run through the list, but none of the machines interested me.
我匆匆看了一遍目录，但没有哪种机器让我感兴趣。
B.I'm afraid we’ve just run over the rabbit.
恐怕我们刚从兔子身上轧过。
C.The government’s plans have run into strong opposition from civil rights groups.
政府的计划遭到民权组织的强烈反对。
D.We could run off together, but neither of us wants to live the rest of our life abroad.
我们能一起跑出去，但我们都不想在国外渡过余生。
E.We knew we might run out of money before the end of the holiday.
我们知道我们可能在假期结束之前用光我们的钱。
F.No one noticed we had been running around emptying bins and cleaning up.
没有人注意到我们一直在忙着倒垃圾箱，打扫卫生。
新编大学英语第二版第五册第三课练习答案
Part One Preparation
1. Talking about Successful Companies
Step Two（略）
2. Being a Good Manager（略）
3. Describing Trends
Step One
Words and Phrases that mean
1) “to rise” or “a rise”: an increase, to increase, to go up, to reach a peak
2) “to fall” or “a fall”: a drop, a reduction, a decline, to hit/fall to the lowest point, to decline, to down, to drop
3) “no change” or “no difference”: to remain the same, to remain/stay constant, to remain stable Adjectives and adverbs that describe
4) a sudden, large change: sharp(ly), dramatic(ally), considerable, considerably
5) a very small change: slight(ly)
6) a regular change: steady, steadily, gradual(ly)
Step Two
1) In 1997. 2) 1997-2000. 3) 1994-1995. 4) 1998-1999.
5) 1995-1996. 6) In 2000. 7) In 1995. 8) 1996-1997.
9) 1994-1995 and 1996-1997. 10) In 1994.
Step Three
A Sample Description of Graph 1
The graph show the fluctuation in a company’s sales to South Asia over a period of twelve months. According to the graph, sales to South Asia increased steadily from 7 million dollars in January to 10 million dollars in May. After this, sales fell dramatically, hitting the lowest point in June at 6 million dollars. There was then a slight increase in July. Between July and September sales stayed constant at a little over 6 million dollars. There was then a sharp rise between September and November with a peak of 11 million dollars in November. After November sales declined significantly to 8 million dollars.
A Sample Description of Graph 2
The graph shows a company’s exports between 1995 and 2004. exports fell steadily from 15
million dollars in 1995 to 14 million dollars in 1997. Then they went up sharply, reaching a peak of 17 million dollars in 1998. After this, there was a slight decline in 1999. Between 1999 and 2002 exports fell and rose evenly with a plateau around 2001 of 16 million dollars. There was then a steep fall in exports from nearly 17 million dollars in 2002 to 13 million dollars in 2004.
Post-reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Identify the Lessons Learned from the Rain Forest
4) para. 6 5) para. 13 6) para. 21 7) para. 14 8) para. 9
2.Understanding Specific Information
1) C 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) B
3. Implication of Business Lessons in the Chinese Context（略）
Vocabulary
1. Match the verbs
A B
1) pursue 6) opponents
2) adopt 2) a new management system
3) reduce 1) opportunities
4) fulfill 8) profits
5) retain 4) social needs
6) excel 5) independence
7) consume 3) costs
8) earn 7) resources
2. Complete each of the following sentences
Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate form of a word in the box. Add a preposition where necessary.
vital impact substitute adapt excel conflict
1)The resignation of the president has made a significant impact on government policy.
翻译：总统的辞职对政府的政策造成了显著的影响。
2)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style?
翻译：你能让你的思维方式适应新的生活方式吗？
3)Andrew and Rebecca are in conflict over who should be responsible for the accident.
翻译：安德鲁和丽贝卡在谁应该对事故负责上存在分歧。
4)If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute for you.
翻译：如果你自己不能去，请你找人代你去。
5)I’ve never excelled in/at diving, although I’ve always been a good swimmer.
翻译：我从来不擅长潜水，尽管我一直是一个不错的游泳者。
6)The director’s final decision is vital to the future development of this company.
翻译：主管的最终决定对这个公司的未来发展是至关重要的。
3. Fill in each of the following blanks
Directions: Work in pairs to fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.
separate instead share try turn make little else need no confuse since own solve have much Around five years ago, I received a stack of letters from a class of elementary school students, asking me to do what I could to stop harming the rain forest. The letters 1) confused me at first. We are an electronics company. We 2) have no timber holdings. We make 3) no forest products. We use very 4) little paper or wood. What’s the connection?
It 5) turned out that they were talking about another company that 6) shares the Mitsubishi n ame. We’ve been 7) separate companies for 50 years, 8) since 1946. Not subsidiaries, not divisions. Separate. Everyone thinks they 9) own us, or we own them, or somebody 10) else owns us all.
Long ago, we stopped 11) trying convince people we are separate companies. It’s 12) much easier just to try to do something about the problem 13) instead of worrying about the name confusion. 14) Solving problems and fulfilling 15) needs, after all, is how businesses discover new markets and 16) make new profits. It’s even better if the company isn’t invested in whatever causes the problem—so there’s no trapped capital to lose.
4. 1) confused 2) have 3) no 4) little 5) turned 6) shares
7) separate 8) since 9) own 10) else 11) trying 12) much
13) instead 14) Solving 15) needs 16) make
Part Three Further Development
1. Enriching Your Word Power
1) B 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) B 11) C 12) C 13) C 14) A 15) B
新编大学英语第二版第五册第四课练习答案
Reading Comprehension
2. Understanding Detailed Information
1) C 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) A 8) D 9) A 10) B 3. Talking about Viewpoints on Friendship（略）
Vocabulary
1. Find the odd one out.
Directions: Work in pairs to find the odd one out in each of the following groups of words and state your reasons.
1) tie bond attachment mutuality
1) mutuality
解析：tie 带子, 线, 关系, 领带, 领结, 平局；bond 结合(物), 黏结(剂), 联结, 公债, 债券, 合同；attachment 附件, 附加装置, 配属；mutuality 相互关系, 相关
2) constitute polish form establish
2) polish
解析：constitute 制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命；polish 擦亮, 发亮, 磨光, 推敲；form 形成, 构成, 排列, (使)组成；establish 建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受, 确定
3) keen sharp acute casual
3)casual
解析：keen 锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的, 热心的, 渴望的；sharp 锐利的, 锋利的, 明显的, 强烈的, 刺耳的, 急剧的, 精明的, 敏捷的；acute 敏锐的, ［医］急性的, 剧烈；casual 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的
4) gracious considerable courteous polite
4) considerable
解析：gracious 亲切的, 高尚的；considerable 相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的；courteous 有礼貌的；谦恭的；殷勤的；polite 有礼貌的, 客气的, 有教养的, 文雅的
5) anticipation expectation presumption awareness
5) awareness
解析：anticipation 预期, 预料；expectation 期待, 预料, 指望, 展望；presumption 假定,推测；awareness 知道, 晓得
6) tentative superficial shallow profound
6) profound
解析：tentative 试探性的，尝试的；暂时的；superficial 表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的；shallow 浅的，浅薄的；profound 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的
7) intellect temperament nature character
7) intellect
解析：intellect 力；才智；理解力；temperament 气质；性情；性格；nature 性格；本性；性质；特性；character 个性；特色；（事物的）特性
8) devotion loyalty commitment intensity
8) intensity
解析：devotion 献身；专心；奉献；信仰；loyalty 忠诚，忠实；commitment 承诺；约定；约束；责任；intensity 强烈，剧烈，强度，亮度
9) intensify accentuate enhance distinguish
9) distinguish
解析：intensify 使强烈；加强；accentuate 用重音读；强调；使更明显；enhance 增加；提高；distinguish 区别, 辨别
10) opinion recognition argument comment
10) recognition
解析：opinion 意见；看法；recognition 赞誉, 承认, 重视, 公认, 赏识, 识别；argument 争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点,意见；comment 注释, 评论, 意见
2. Complete each of the following sentences.
Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given.
1) associate
A. You wouldn’t normally_____________ these two writers—their styles are completely different.
B. We are working in _______ with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
C. He is an __________professor in our university.
A. associate 【译文】正常情况下你不会把这两个作者联系在一起——他们的风格完全不同。
B. association【译文】我们和当地的几家公司共同为无家可归者筹钱。
C. associate 【译文】他是我们大学的一个助理教授。
2) appreciate
A. She can’t fully _______________ foreign literature in translation.
B. Her husband shows little _______________ of good music.
C. It’s nice to have an _______________ audience.
A. appreciate 【译文】她无法充分地欣赏翻译的外国文学作品。
B. appreciation 【译文】她丈夫很少对好的音乐表示欣赏。
C. appreciative 【译文】有一个有欣赏力的观众真好。
3) commit
A. Lots of women complain that the problem with men is that they won’t _______________ themselves to a relationship.
B. We’re looking for someone with a real sense of _______________ to the job.
C. She is respected by her colleagues and regarded as a ______________ teacher by her students.
A. commit 【译文】很多妇女抱怨男人不愿受彼此关系的约束。
B. commitment 【译文】我们要找一个真正对这项工作负责的人。
C. committed 【译文】她为她的同事所尊重，被她的学生视为一个负责的老师。
4) particular
A. Linda is _______________ about what she eats.
B. We are _______________ interested to hear from people who speak two or more languages.
C. European friendship is usually more _______________ than American friendship.
A. particular 【译文】琳达很挑食。
B. particularly 【译文】我们对收到讲两种或多种语言的人的信特别感兴趣。
C. particularized【译文】欧洲人对于友谊通常比美国人分得更具体。
5) intensify
A. Failure only _______________ Robert’s desire to succeed in the new project.
B. Jack acquired an _______________ desire to stay with Fred to see his mission out.
C. The _______________ of feeling against the new tax law was apparent.
A. intensifies 【译文】失败只能增加罗伯特对新工程成功的渴望。
B. intense 【译文】杰克强烈地渴望和弗莱德留在一起直到任务完成。
C. intensity 【译文】反对新税法的情绪的强烈是显而易见的。
6) mutual
A. Despite differences in background and outlook, their friendship was based on ___________ respect, trust and understanding.
B. This would be a _______________ beneficial project.
A. mutual 【译文】尽管在背景和见解上存在不同，但他们的友谊是建立在彼此的尊敬、信任和理解的基础上的。
B. mutually 【译文】这会是一个彼此有利的项目。
7) relate
A. Experts believe that the large number of cancer cases in the area can be directly _______________ to the new nuclear power station.
B. She will get a _______________ to look after the children when she is away.
C. The country has decided to restore full diplomatic _______________ with the United States.
D. We had been together for two years, but both of us felt that the _______________ wasn’t really going anywhere.
A. related 【译文】专家相信这一地区大量的癌症病例可能与新的核电站直接相关。
B. relative 【译文】当她离开的时候她会找一个亲戚照看孩子。
C. relations 【译文】这个国家决定和美国恢复正式的外交关系。
D. relationship 【译文】我们在一起已经两年了，但我们都感到彼此的关系没有什么进展。
8) politics
A. He was very interested in ____________ activities at university and went into_________ after graduation.
B. _______________ need a good knowledge of history.
C. The party launched a large scale program to educate and organize the masses _____________.
A. political, politics 【译文】他在大学里对政治活动非常感兴趣，毕业后就从政了。
B. Politicians 【译文】政治家需要有良好的历史知识。
C. politically 【译文】这个党开展了大规模的活动在政治上教育和组织民众。
9) judge
A. I’m sorry I _______________ your motives.
B. _______________ from previous experience, he will be late.
C. Their friendship came to an end as a result of _______________.
A. misjudged 【译文】我很抱歉误会了你的动机。
B. Judging 【译文】从以前的经验来判断，他会迟到的。
C. misjudgment【译文】他们的友谊因一次误会而走向终结。
10) exact
A. This is really an _______________ piece of work.
B. That’s _______________ what they told her to do.
C. The professor chose to express himself delicately and with great _______________ .
A. exacting 【译文】这真是一件要求严格的工作。
B. exactly 【译文】那正是他们告诉她去做的。
C. exactness 【译文】教授决定谨慎而又非常精确地表达自己的看法。
3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary.
casual critical interval constitute mission sparkle superficial temperament vacation (v.) assume polish leave off draw out draw upon primarily strike up
1) Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are in fact very different.
【译文】尽管它们表面上类似，这两部小说实际上是很不相同的。
2) The party was casual, so we all wore shorts and T-shirts.
【译文】聚会很随便，所以我们都穿着短裤和T恤。
3) Nuclear weapons constitute a real threat to world peace.
【译文】核武器对世界和平构成真正的威胁。
4) Do you remember the time when we were vacationing in Hawaii?
【译文】你还记得我们在夏威夷度假的那段时光吗？
5) This was a critical moment in her career.
【译文】这是她的职业生涯的关键时刻。
6) The interval between these two dates is about three months.
【译文】两次约会的时间间隔大约是三个月。
7) John’s got an excitable temperament.
【译文】约翰有一个容易激动的脾气。
8) He is planning to go to evening classes to polish his English.
【译文】他打算上夜校提高自己的英语。
9) Frank is quite different at parties—witty, outgoing, he really sparkles.
【译文】弗兰克在派对上相当不一样——诙谐、外向，他真的活力四射。
10) They sent him on a mission there at the end of the war.
【译文】在战争结束的时候，他们派他到那儿去执行一项任务。
11) There was a short round of applause when the chairman finished his speech. Then a band struck up the national anthem.
【译文】当主席结束他的讲话的时候响起了一阵短时间掌声。接着乐队奏起了国歌。
12) The new responsibilities draw out/ draw upon his potential talents.
【译文】新的责任激发了他的潜能。
13) We drew upon her experience throughout the project.
【译文】我们在整个项目中利用了她的经验。
14) He sat down at the piano again and started playing from where he had left off.
【译文】他又坐在钢琴旁从他停下来的地方开始演奏。
15) This research is concerned primarily with prevention of the disease.
【译文】这项研究主要和预防这一疾病有关。
16) In his dreams, the mountains assumed enormous importance.
【译文】在他的梦里，山脉显得极为重要。
Part Three Further Development
1. Enriching Your Word Power
1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) B 7) C 8) A 9) C 10) B 11) A 12) C
新编大学英语第二版第五册第五课练习答案
Post-Reading
1. 1) speculations 2) exploded 3) sex/gender 4) economy 5) typical
6) personal control 7) optimistic 8) extroverted 9) fluctuates/changes
10) genetic makeup 11) close relationships 12) marriage
2. Key: 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
3. 1) C 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) A
4.（略）
Vocabulary
1. Directions: Match each word in Column A with its synonym in Column B.
Column A Column B
extroverted conflicting
rage depression
competing biased
mythical variable
gloom thought
preserve fury
prejudiced disprove
alternative fictitious
changeable option
reveal maintain
reflection outgoing
explode show
2.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word
Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.
restraint preserve undertake illusion exceed intimate indulge pursuit capacity deprive ground (v.) optimistic
1) I discussed with my intimate friends whether I would further my studies after graduation.
【译文】我和我的好朋友探讨毕业后是否要深造。
2) The book describes a young man whose relentless (坚持不懈的) pursuit of excellence is conducted with single-minded determination.
【译文】该书描述了一个一心一意追求卓越的年轻人。
3) Paul had been wondering what research he should undertake in order to get his doctorate (博士学位).
【译文】保罗在想为了拿到博士学位，他应当做哪方面的研究。
4) They have been deprived of the fuel necessary to heat their homes.
【译文】他们用于家庭取暖的燃料被拿走了。
5) If you use the method with great care and restraint, you will always be able to get the same results.
【译文】如果你能小心翼翼地、有限制地使用这种方法，你总能得到同样的结果。
6) Our capacity for giving care, love and attention is limited.
【译文】我们给予关心、爱和注意的能力是有限的。
7) The president says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.
【译文】总统说他对达成协议持乐观态度。
8) The representatives of the citizens suggested preserving the character of the town even if the facilities are improved.
【译文】民众的代表建议即使改善城镇的设施，也应当保留城镇的特色。
9) In the hot sun the surface of the road seems wet, but that is only a(n) illusion.
【译文】在烈日下，路面看起来有点潮湿，但那只是幻觉。
10) Their fears are grounded in superstition.
【译文】他们的恐惧植根于迷信。
11) He returned to Britain so that he could indulge his passion for football.
【译文】他回到了英国，又可以重温对足球的热爱。
12) The success of our campaign has exceeded our wildest expectations.
【译文】我们的活动的成功超出了我们最大的期望。
3. 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) A 6) B 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) A
4.Choose an appropriate word to complete the following sentences
Directions: The prefix “out-” is used in the following ways:
a. with verbs and nouns, forming transitive verbs, meaning: to a greater extent; surpassing
b. with nouns, meaning: outside; beyond
c. with verbs, forming nouns, adjectives and adverbs
Choose an appropriate word from the box to complete each of the following sentences. Change the form if necessary.
outlet outweigh outnumber outlook outgrow outspoken outgoing outbreak outcome outstanding output outset
1) She outgrew her clothes so rapidly that her mother was always having to buy new ones.
【译文】她长得很快，衣服总是小。所以她妈妈就总得给她买新衣服。
2) David is a(n) outstanding athlete and deserves to win.
【译文】戴维是一个出色的运动员，应当取得成功。
3) From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.
【译文】从一开始，他就信任我——他的一个老朋友的儿子。
4) The employment outlook for the next year is based in part on contracts signed this year.
【译文】明年的就业前景部分地取决于今年签订的合同。
5) She has a lot of friends because she’s got a warm, outgoing personality.
【译文】她有许多朋友，因为她为人热情、开朗。
6) Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years.
【译文】政府的统计数字显示工业总产量出现了十年来最大的跌幅。
7) In the end, ten votes determined the outcome of the election.
【译文】最后，十张选票决定了选举的结果。
8) Some leaders have been outspoken in their support for political reform in the country.
【译文】一些领导人明确表示了他们支持在这一地区实行政治改革。
9) The benefit of the project to humans or animals must be shown to outweigh the cost in terms of the suffering of experimental animals.
【译文】必须要让人们看到该项目对人和动物的益处胜过实验的动物遭受的痛苦。
10) He left the country three days before the outbreak of the war.
【译文】战争爆发前三天，他离开了那个国家。
11) Her work provided no outlet for her energies and talents.
【译文】她的工作无法为她提供施展才华和精力的途径。
12) The depressing bottom line (结果) for the economy is that window shoppers outnumber actual shoppers.
【译文】经济不景气的结果是逛的人远多于购物的人。
5.Choose an appropriate word to complete each of the following sentences
Directions:The prefixes “en-” and “e m-” can be used before a noun or an adjective to form a verb, meaning “cause to be, provide with, or put into or onto”. Add “en-” or “em-” to the following words. Decide what the new words mean and then choose an appropriate word to complete each of the following sentences. Each word can be used only once. Change the form if necessary. power-empower body-embody able-enable
title-entitle rich-enrich force-enforce
courage-encourage large-enlarge
1) To me, she embodies all the best qualities of a teacher.
【译文】在我看来，她身上体现了老师的最好的品质。
2) Computerization (计算机化) should enable us to cut production costs by half.
【译文】计算机化能让我们降低一半的生产成本。
3) The course is designed to encourage students to broaden their historical interests and to deepen their insights.
【译文】该课程的目的是激发
4) His latest novel, entitled The Runaway Jury, will be out this week.
【译文】他最新的一部小说——《逃逸的陪审团》，本周出版。
5) His assistant will be empowered to act on his behalf in less important matters.
【译文】他的助手将被授权在一些次要的问题上代表他做决定。
6) The company is looking for new ways of enlarging its market.
【译文】公司正在探求新的方法来扩大市场。
7) It isn’t always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
【译文】警察实施时速限制并不总是一件容易的事。
8) American culture has been enriched by immigrants from many other countries.
【译文】外来移民大大丰富了美国文化。
新编大学英语第二版第五册第六课练习答案
Post-Reading
1. Understanding the Main Idea of the Passage
Directions: Work in groups to understand the organization of the passage and complete the outline with what you get from the passage.
1) Introduction (Para.1-6):
Showing off is quite common:
A. A young woman criticizing poverty, war, injustice and human suffering;
B. A scholarly fellow using “angst”, “Kierkegaard” and “epistemology”in the same sentence;
C. Our resident expert in wine pushing away a glass of perfectly good French wine;
D. We complaining about how tired we are today.
2) Showing off can be nasty, trashy and offensive, but there are times when showing off may be forgivable and acceptable. (Para.7-23)
Different groups of showoffs, from less forgivable to more forgivable.
A. Competitive showoffs who want to be the best of every bunch;
B. Narcissistic showoffs who want to be the star while everyone else is the audience;
C. Insecure showoffs whose behavior is understand-able.
D. Acceptable showoffs who have the overwhelming need to exult.
3) Conclusion (Para.24-25)
Showing off can range from very gross to very subtle, and the purpose of showing off can be nasty, needy or nice.
A. Modesty is the only sure bait when you angle for praise.
B. Let’s try to forgive each other for showing off.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) F 9) T 10) F
3. What Are They Showing Off?
Directions: Work in pairs to explain what the following people are showing off.
1) The young woman who expressed her concern for the anguish of mankind,
Sample:
Her kindness and humanity.
2) The scholarly fellow who used “angst, Kierkegaard and epistemology” in one sentence, Sample:
How knowledgeable he was.
3) The couple who complained about how tired they were,
Sample:
Their rich and meaningful life.
4) The person who talked about what her daughter did for her on her birthday—a birthday card, a beautiful scarf and breakfast service,
Sample:
She was a much more beloved mother.
5) The person who left the room because, he said, the talk started getting superficial,
Sample:
He was superior to others and deserved all the attention.
6) The author’s husband who believed that he could make the greatest fried egg for her. Sample:
He is an excellent cook.
Vocabulary
1. Decide the appropriate prefix or suffix
Directions: Work in pairs to study each of the following groups of words and decide which prefix or suffix can go with all the words in the group. Each prefix or suffix can be used only once.
in- im- en- over- non-
-y -sive -ment -able -ed
1) en- rage list act roll
2) in- competence justice convenience dependence
3) -y trash need gloom fault
4) -ment assess amuse astonish accomplish
5) im- modest moral patient mature
6) over- work do load flow
7) non- sense fiction stop violence
8) -able forgive accept desire notice
9) -sive express offend impress exclude
10) -ed addict restrain concern commit
2. Choose an appropriate explanation
STEP ONE
Work in pairs to choose an appropriate explanation from Column B for each of the words in Column A.
Column A Column B
brag a. in the end
offensive b. say or declare in a proud way
triumph c. highly irritating or annoying
fierce d. physically and mentally dependent on
addicted e. tell or describe
concern f. worry or anxiety
restraint g. cause to feel determined or willing to do something
eventually h. outstanding success or achievement
motivate i. calm, controlled and unemotional behavior
relate j. very intense, great and strong
Key: b, c, h, j, d, f, i, a, g, e
STEP TWO
Now complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from Column A. Change the form if necessary.
1) He didn’t talk about his top exam results in case people thought he was bragging.
2) Witnesses to the same crime related the events completely differently.
3) There is fierce competition to join the Special Branch, which investigates terrorist and political crimes.
4) It is said that at the start of the broadcast the interview contained language that some viewers might find offensive.
5) He insists there is no cause for the growing public concern for the natio n’s poor economic performance.
6) Eventually he realized he was in the wrong and had to eat his words.
7) The director, with characteristic modesty, does not see the film as a personal triumph.
8) I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly addicted.
9) He was angry but managed, with great restraint, to reply calmly.
10) More than half of those interviewed said that their bosses were unable to motivate them or solve their problems.
3. Filling the blanks with an appropriate word
Directions: Complete each of the following sentences by choosing an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once.
scholarly angle (n.) expert entitle admiration outshine allowance gross overwhelming blaze proclaim detain immune confess
1) This dictionary was compiled by a group of scholarly people.
2) Parents usually want their child to outshine his or her fellow pupils.
3) The bait contained a kind of poison, which rats in this area are mostly immune to.
4) A new device is used to detect the movement of any animal within an angle of 110 degrees at up to 10 meters.
5) This article is very touching and I have great admiration for the author.
6) Their educational qualifications entitled / entitles them to a higher salary.
7) We were forced to use special powers to detain him when it became clear that he was out of control.
8) Your managers reported that the reforms in the company are an overwhelming success.
9) The ringing bells proclaimed the news of the birth of the prince.
10) To my delight, the rooms were all heated by blazing log fires.
11) I confess that I have not completely realized what this means to me.
12) Most people who travel in the course of their work are given traveling allowances.
13) Now Ms. Olsen is satisfied and will continue with her job without being subjected to gross insult.
14) Dr. Tai, an expert in herbal treatments (草药治疗), has supplemented the medical store by harvesting local plants.
Part Three Further Development
1. Enriching Your Word Power
1) C 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) B 6) A 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) C 13) B 14) B
新编大学英语第二版第五册第七课练习答案
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
Directions: Work in pairs to complete the outline with what you get from the passage.
1) Heroes have had a profound impact on our past and should continue to do so in the future. (Para.1－3)
A. What Winston Churchill, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Clark Gable have in common:
They are all men, famous, and heroes of my parents’ generation.
B.The youth of today aren’t so sure about their idols. When most American teenagers are asked who they admire, they have either no idea, or they admire a character in a movie or a cartoon.
2) Heroes in the past pulled the nation together with their greatness. (Para.4－5)
You can tell the values of a society by the people they choose to follow.
A. George Washington had qualities such as bravery and statesmanship.
B. John Kennedy was admired for his youthfulness, personality, and speaking ability.
C. Florence Nightingale was loved for her bravery and kindness.
D. John Wayne was admired for his ability to get the bad guy without doing anything wrong or immoral himself.
3) The unifying force of heroes is something lacking in today’s society. (Para.6－10)
A. There are few people who are admired by the entire nation. (Para.6)
a. Sociologists have noted an absence of heroes since the late 1960s and early 1970s.
b. Polls have shown that people have a hard time finding anyone they admire.
c. We have killed off all our heroes in the desire to know the absolute truth about people.
B. We have replaced formerly good role models with bad ones. (Para.7－9)
a. On TV, favorite stars are shown waving their guns around shooting at people.
b.T he famous rock star’s actions also make violence seem acceptable.
c. A third area of misplaced idolatry is in sports figures.
C. Bad role models lead us in the wrong direction. (Para.10)
They lead us to believe that:
a. We no longer admire unifying qualities.
b.America admires only wealth, no matter how it is obtained.
4)Heroes will always be vital.(Para.11－12)
Reasons:
A. We as humans need a path to follow.
B. We, as individuals, need other persons to guide our actions.
C. On the national scale, we need heroes to give the nation unity.
D. We need them to help us become great.
5) We can take steps toward reinstating the hero to their position of leadership.(Para.13－14)
Steps to take so that we will be sure who our heroes are and what we truly admire:
A. Assess our own heroes.
B. Help our children choose and admire the good qualities of their own heroes.
C.Reinstate the glory and pride heroes of the past have brought to the nation.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F 9) T 10) T 3. Talking about Heroes in China（略）
Vocabulary
1. Fill in each of the blanks from the choices.
Directions: Work in pairs to fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the choices. Change the form if necessary.
1) care for care about
A. Multi-national companies care about their public image and don’t like being attacked by trade unions. 跨国公司关心他们的公众形象，而且不喜欢受到工会的攻击。
B. Can you give me some advice on how to care for these chickens? 在如何照顾这些小鸡上你能给我一些建议吗？
C. The money came from those who care about the fate of animals in today’s world. 这些钱是那些关注当今世界上动物命运的人捐助的。
D. It is particularly important to care for your children’s eyes from a very early age. 从很小的年纪就开始注意你的孩子的眼睛特别重要。
2) let alone let down let go
A. John made it clear that he would not let Michael go without a fight. 约翰宣称不打一架他是不会让米歇尔走的。
B. If anyone harasses you or let you down badly, you must let us know. 如果什么人骚扰你或者让你非常扫兴，你一定要让我们知道。
C. The situation was bad enough for a professional, let alone a 12-year-old girl. 这种情况对一个专业人员来说都足够糟糕的了，更不用说是一个12岁的女孩。
D. It’s also a time when you must let something go to make room for things that need to go into your life. 同时，你必须把一些东西丢掉，以便给生活必需品让地方。
3) come by come around come down with come up with
A. Susan didn’t attend her brother’s birthday party last night, because she came down with a bad cold. 苏珊昨晚上没有参加他兄弟的生日晚会，因为她得上了严重的感冒。
B. During World War II nylon stockings were very dear and hard to come by. 在二战期间尼龙袜非常昂贵而且很难买到。
C. When I came around, I found I was on the kitchen floor. 当我恢复知觉的时候，我发现我躺在厨房的地板上。
D. Is that the best excuse you can come up with? 这是你能提出的最好的借口吗？
4) pick up pick out pick apart
A. After the football game the sports writers picked apart the losing coaches’ strategy. 在足球比赛之后，体育评论员们对败方教练的策略横加指责。
B. The child kept picking up the magazines and putting them down again. 这个孩子不断地把
Unit 1 Personality羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，
朋友、好朋友、知心朋友 1 我过去曾想这样说：女人一旦成了朋友，她们就会喜欢、支持和信任对方；向对方袒露自己心中的秘密; 二话不说就赶去帮忙；只要是非说不可的事，就坦诚相告、直言不讳（例如，不行，你不能穿那件衣服，除非你减去十磅）。 2 我过去曾想这样说：一旦女人都喜欢英格玛·伯格曼，喜欢乘火车、喜欢猫、喜欢天暖和时下雨，而且都非常讨厌纽瓦克、讨厌球芽甘蓝、讨厌宿营，她们就是朋友。 3 换句话说，我过去曾想说朋友就是朋友，始终如一、亲密无间，但是现在我认为这是一种狭隘的观点。因为我自己经历的和看到的友谊就表现出不同的亲密程度，起着不同的作用，满足不同的需要，从前面提到的亲如姐妹、毫无保留的友谊到最随意的玩伴关系。 4 来看看这些不同层次的友谊： 5 近便之交要不是我们的生活道路总是相互交叉，我们没有特别的理由和这些女人成为朋友：隔壁邻居、合伙使用汽车的伙伴、孩子好朋友的妈妈或者每周和我们一起在格兰伍德合作幼儿园分果汁和甜饼的某位妈妈。 6 近便之交确实方便。有聚会时，她们会借给我们杯子和银餐具生病时，她们会开车带我们的孩子去看足球赛。需要去修车厂取车时，她们会开车送我们过去。度假时，她们会照顾我们的猫。同样，她们需要时，我们也这样做。 7 但是，我们不会与近便之友走得太近或者说得太多；我们会保持感情上的距离以及在公开场合下的那份尊严。“也就是说，”伊莱恩说道，“我会说自己超重了，但不会聊自己沮丧的心情。我会坦陈自己生气了，但我不会说自己愤怒极了。我也许会说这个月缺钱，但绝不会说自己为缺钱愁得要死。” 8 但这并不意味着这种互相帮助的友谊、这种近便之交就没有价值了。 9 同好之交这种友情并不亲密无间，也不必涉及到孩子、银餐具或猫。这种友情的价值在于我们有某种共同的兴趣。所以我们可能有办公室的朋友、一起练瑜珈的朋友、打网球的球友以及女士俱乐部的朋友。 10 “我有一位女友，”乔伊斯说，“她和我一样喜欢修心理学课。这对我以及对她来说都很好。跟自己认识的人一起去上课，下课后一起开车回家，路上讨论学过的内容，非常有意思。”乔伊斯还说，讨论的大部分内容都与课程有关。 11 苏珊谈起每星期二一起练双打的朋友时这样说：“应该说我们所做的就是在一起打球，而不是呆在一起。”“我们主要是由于一起打网球而建立的关系，但我们打球配合得很好。我想我们需要的只不过是一两个球伴而已。” 12 我同意她的观点。 13 总角之交我们都有这样的朋友，他们很久以前就认识我们，可能当我们还在梅尔策小姐任教的班读二年级时，当我们住在布鲁克林一套三居室的公寓时，当我们的父亲七个月没有工作时，当我们的兄弟艾利卷入一场斗殴而不得不叫警察时，或者当我们的姐姐嫁给扬克斯来的牙医时，我们就已经认识了。 14 多年过去了，我们已各奔东西，几乎再也没什么共同之处了，但我们依然是彼此的过往中不可割舍的一部分。因此，不管何时去底特律，我们都会去看看自己少女时代的朋友。她知道我们在牙齿没矫正之前的模样。她知道我们在改掉布鲁克林口音之前说话的腔调。她知道我们从前吃什么，当时连洋蓟都不知道。她的出现把我们带回到从前，那是一段重要而且永远不能忘记的个人历史。 15 萍水之交萍水之交像总角之交一样，其重要性在于过去生活中某个重要阶段我们曾建立起友谊。也许是大学时同居一室；也许一起在纽约工作过，当时年轻气盛、单身一人；也许像伊丽莎白和我一样，一同经历了怀孕、生孩子、头一年做妈妈的可怕时期。
Unit 5 Romance I.Key Words & Expressions absorb broaden correspond delicate disgust fertile glow grateful grip hesitate overseas previous locate margin schedule sensible slim split straighten sustain thoughtful thrust be grateful to sb. for sth. go sb’s way in response to make one’s way more than a little take a chance on sth. Additional V ocabulary live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望 A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post. 干部要能上能下。 provocative smile 撩人的微笑 more than a little overweight 体重偏胖，体态臃肿 warm and kindly glow 热情善良的光芒 Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。 Every man has a fool in his sleeves. 人人都有糊涂的时候。 II. V ocabulary &Structure 1. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currency is a of its economy. A. reaction B. reflection C. response D. revelation 2. During the process, great care has been taken to protect the silk from damage. A. sensitive B. tender C. delicate D. sensible 3. She was so in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door, A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated 4. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on . A. list B. plan C. arrangement D. schedule 5. We haven' t reserved a table, b ut we will take a chance its not being full. A. at B. on C. about D. of
Unit Nine: 新闻将我们引向何方 不久前我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公众研讨会。还有另外两个嘉宾也出席了。一位是知名的电视节目主持人，另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他是一位彻头彻尾的新闻工作者---- 在据实报道的方式上坚忍不拔、积极进取且见识过人。 据我所知本次研讨旨在审查传媒的义务，并提出实现那些义务的最佳途径。 在公开讨论时，观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问，“为什么报纸和电视新闻节目都充斥灾难？为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力、和失败是如此关注？” 主持人和编辑作出了回答，好像是自己应该为坏消息的存在而受到谴责一样。他们说，新闻工作者只负责报道新闻，而不负责制造或修改新闻。 我不认为这两位新闻工作者回答了这个问题。提出这个问题的先生并没有因为世上的歪曲报道而谴责他们。他只是想知道为什么报道得最多的是歪曲的事件。新闻媒体的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。为什么呢？是不是着重报道负面新闻是一种传统——是新闻工作者所习以为常的对日常事件作出的反应方式？ 在此或许分析一下我们如何定义“新闻”一词会有所帮助，因为这是问题的起因。新闻应该是报道过去十二小时，最迟二十四小时内所发生的事情。然而，突发事件往往具有爆炸性的：一名狙击手枪杀了几名行人，一名恐怖分子劫持了飞机上250名人质，欧佩克石油组织宣布原油价格上涨25%，英国货币又贬值10%，一辆载有放射性废料的卡车与一架水泥搅拌车相撞。 然而，一味聚焦这些报道，则是失真的画面。人类文明成果远远多于灾难总和。每种文明中最重要的成分就是进步。但进步不会立即发生，也没有爆发性。一般来说，它是一点一滴逐步发展的，在某个特定时刻是微不足察的。但是所有微小的进步都参与了历史性的巨变的实现，使社会更加美好。 就是这类活生生的历史，绝大多数的新闻媒体没有予以充分的反映，结果导致我们对社会的正面发展了解不足，对灾难却知之甚多，这又使人产生失败和绝望的情绪，而这些情绪易于阻碍社会进步。爆发性新闻大餐另人忧心忡忡，大大削减了自由社会所需的动力，绝望和偾世的情绪使人没有动力迎接严峻的考验。 我并非暗示可以编造“积极”的新闻来抵消头版上灾难报道的作用。也没有把青年基督会作用的深刻报道定义为“正面”新闻。我要传递的观点是，新闻媒体的职责是搜寻并报道重大事件，无论它们是否有关冲突、对抗或灾难。这个世界是天堂和地狱的绝妙结合，两个方面都需要关注和观察。 我希望新闻界人士能从更宽广的角度审视自己的职责。是时候认识到人类事件中可以作为新闻报道的范围领域是极其宽广的。例如，有几篇新闻文章报道过固氮作用——植物通过这一过程能固定氮肥，由此减低了肥料需求量？全世界的科学家都在为这一前景而努力，希望借此解决饥荒。对远东地区水稻产量提高的巨大进步又了解多少？事实上，世界上还有许多类似的重要发展，这些都值得做重要的新闻综合报道。 主持人和编辑说得对，新闻工作者并没有责任来塑造世界，但是他们有责任影响我们的态度。我们认为自己是怎样的，那我们就是怎样的。我们只能实现那些我们自己敢于设想的目标。新闻工作者为我们提供我们对自身以及这个世界认知的写照——这种写照最好是逼真的肖像，而不是扭曲的漫画像。因为我们就是根据这一写照来做决定，筹划未来的。 按照华特.里普曼的说法，新闻记者是大众的哲学家。他曾经写道？“后天习得的文化并非由基因遗传，美好社会的甜美的生活虽然可得，但却不是一旦拥有就永远不失去。如果美好生活中的智慧没有被传下来，所得一切也将化为乌有。” 有了对美好社会中美好生活的准确报道，我们可以采用伯纳德.德.查维斯建议我们的利
新编大学英语（第二版第三册）习题答案 新编大学英语（第三册）习题答案 Unit 1 Personality P14-reading comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the text 1) much unhappiness 2) a profound effect usually act with confidence are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others 3) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses ii) Set reasonable goals iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view v) Do not make negative comments about yourself vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly x) Practice being in social situations Vocabulary (P16) 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
新编大学英语课后答案 Unit 1 Part One PREPARATION 1. Different Kinds of Personal Relationships STEP ONE parent—child employer—employee clerk—customer husband—wife write—reader driver—passenger teacher—student host—guest buyer—seller doctor—patient boyfriend—girlfriend performer—audience STEP TWO co-workers，colleagues，classmates，roommates，schoolmates，seatmates，playmates，lovers，supervisor，neighbors，co-author... Part Two Post-reading Reading Comprehension 1. 1. 1) A 2) B 3)A 4)A 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C 2. 1) killed 2) wounded 3) arrived 4) girl 5) badly/seriously 6) blood 7) none 8) American 9) type 10) orphans 11) French 12) difficulty 13) frightened 14) would 15) cried 16) Vietnamese 17) dying 18) understand 19) willing 20) friend 3.（略） Vocabulary 1. 1) reply 2) land 3) pat 4) supplied 5) wound 6) pat 7) replied 8) signed 9) wounded 10) supplies 11) sign 12) balance 13) land 14) balance 2. run: 1) D 2) A 3)C 4)E 5) F 6) B match: 1) E 2) B 3)G 4)D 5) C 6) F 7) A 3. 1) Insert 2) in the balance 3) requests 4) relief 5) let out 6) tiny 7) steady 8) stiff 9) occasional 10) misunderstood 11) limited 12) action Translation 1) I'm tired. I should not have gone to bed so late last night. 2) I don't/didn't know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. 3) We are supposed to meet her at the train station. 4) You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. 5) Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. 6) Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Part Three FURTHER Development 1Grammar Review
Unit One Hit the nail on the head恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety”含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety”跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道： 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）”的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话： 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment”暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为： 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。 英语词汇丰富，运用灵活。一个意思有很多种表达方式。但是无论意思上如何相近的词总是存在着些许区别。作为学生就要敏感地意识到这些区别。通过查字典，尤其是通过阅读，
UNIT 1 P17 1.你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2. 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时侯都更健康，受到了更好的教育。(in general) . In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3. 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。(come along) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4.每天他都留出点时间跟家里人在一起，享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5.我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6.他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7.相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast ,our use of oil has increased enormously. 8.经过努力，他成功地克服自己的致命弱点。(ovecome)
T opics Unit 1 1.What do you think makes up a successful story? 2.Do you like watching horror movies or listening to horror stories? Why? Unit 2 3.In a crowded world, are manners of vital importance and why? 4. Talk about the differences between Chinese and Western Etiquette. Unit 3 5. What business lessons can be drawn from the rain forest? And what are the implications for Chinese corporations? 6. What effects do national stereotypes have on business strategy? Give examples to further your explanations. Unit 6 7.Why do people show off? Give examples to illustrate the different cases in which people show off and make your comments. 8.Is silence golden? Unit 7 9. What kind of person do you admire most? Why? 10. Do you want to be a hero? Why？ Unit 8 11. How do you feel after listening to a ghost story ? 12. Discuss the story of “ The Last leaf”. Unit 9 13.What do you think makes a good speech? 14.Talk about your own experience of public speaking. Sentence translation Unit 1 1. 在他的正对面有一模一样的两扇门，紧紧地挨着。 2 其中的不确定因素给这种场合增添了趣味性。 3. 她是他的掌上明珠，他爱她胜过任何人。 4. 以前从未有任何臣民胆敢爱上国王的女儿。 5. 他高大英俊，人群中发出了一片赞叹声。 6. 对这个问题我们考虑得越多，就越难给出答案。
Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。
Unit6 1, 如果对这器械有什么不清楚的地方，你可以写信到我们总公司去询问。 If there is anything you are not clear about the device, address your inquiry to your head office. 2, 在执行计划之前，我们最好把它的每一个方面仔细考虑，看看是否切实可行。 Before we put the new plan into practice, we had bitter scrutinize every aspect of it to make sure t hat it is practicable. 3, 在新的规章执行后，我们预期这地区的情况会有好转。 We expect that there will be a change for the better in this area after the new regulations are imple mented. 4, 不要把他的话当真，他仅仅是开个玩笑而已。 Don’t take his words literally. He is just cracking a joke. 5, 在农业中应用固氮作用良好。 The prospect of employing (nitrogen fixation) in agriculture is promising. 6, 他想发明一种不留痕迹的改正液的企图以失败告终。 His attempt at contriving a correcting fluid which leaves no marks on paper ended in failure. 7, 那个外国人不会说汉语。他用手势表达他的要求。但是他无法把他的意思表达来。 The non-Chinese-speaking foreigner gestured to make a requested, but he just couldn’t get his idea across. 8, 他不考虑这件事的迫切性而断然拒绝了，不留一丝余地。 Without considering the urgency of the matter, he gave us a flat refusal, once and for all. Unit7 1.他怪异行为有悖于一般的良好行为规范。 His strange behavior runs counter to the popular concept of good conduct. 2. 可以肯定的是世界上鲜有人能同时在数学和科学领域的成就比牛顿更突出。 It is certain that few people in the world could have made such a great impact on the development of science and mathematics than Isaac Newton. 3.你不该嘲笑孩子的失败，应鼓励他们再去尝试。 You are not suppose to deride the children for their failures; instead you should encourage them to try again,instead. 4.在Judy毕业典礼的那天，她的叔叔婶婶以丰盛的晚餐来款待她。 On her graduation day, Judy was treated to a sumptuous dinner by her uncle and aunt. 5.对于他在公司的过往表现，没有人有什么不满。 With respect to his past record in the firm , no one has anything to complain about. 6.他们的自由和我们的自由息息相关，我们不能单独行动。 Their freedom is inextricably bound to ours. We cannot act alone. 7.我年迈的叔祖母不习惯使用市场上盛行的一次性物品。 My aged great aunt is not used to disposable products which flood the market today. 8.他在考试中作弊被抓住后，名字马上从应考者名单上删去。 His name was immediately eliminatedfrom the list of candidates after he was caught cheating in the exam. Unit8 1.他企图影射John是肇事者，结果是徒劳的。 His attempt at insinuating that John was the culprit turned out to be futile. 2.当他未能完成期望他做的事时，他很善于临时找个借口来为自己开脱。 He is very clever at improvising excuses when he fails to de what is expected of him. 3.他此行去西藏可以满足他想参观布达拉宫的愿望了。 His trip to Tibet will gratify his desire to see the Potala. 4.这个公司人力资源雄厚，足以应对其他大公司的挑战。 This corporation commandsdistinguished human resources,rich enough to meet challenges from other big corporations. 5.我认为这恐怕不是我们双方都能接受的变通办法。我们难道想不出来一个更好的方案来处理这个问题？ I don’t think that could be an acceptable alternative for both of us.Can’t we come up with a better one for this problem? 6.总爱胡思乱想和动不动就心血来潮都是有害的。 It is harmful to indulge in whims and caprices.
Unit(1) 1.The doctor’s discovery will have a ( profound深度的;知识渊博的) influence on mankind. 2.She was overwhelmed with ( jealousy妒忌) when she heard that he had been given a promotion. 3.I went to the beach ( numerous 很多的) times last summer. 4.You are ( overweight 超重的) and so you should eat less. 5.When you learn a second language you have many difficulties to ( overcome战胜;克服). 6.If you keep practicing ,you might ( eventually最后,终于) become a good dancer. 7.Exercising is one of the ways of keeping ( slim苗条的). 8.She asked us all what we thought of her new hairstyle ,but she was only looking for ( compliments赞美;恭维). 9.The amount of water in the pond will ( diminish减少;减弱) as the dry season continues. 10.Mary’s comforting words provided the ( reassurance恢复自信) I needed . 11.They are worried that their decision might prove to be ( detrimental影响) to the future of the company. 12.When a person has an infectious disease ,he is usually ( isolated孤独;隔绝的) from other people. 13.This type of unsympathetic无同情心的approach can destroy a child’s confidence and ( self-esteem自尊;自负) . 14.Throughout his speech ,he（accented口音;强调) the seriousness of the situation. Unit(3) 1.We are ( constantly不间断的) reminded of his success. 2.The change in leadership will have a huge ( impact影响;作用) on government policy. 3.The financial ( burden重负) will be more evenly shared. 4.( Candidly坦率地;自然的) ,David, I think you’re being unreasonable. 5.Seeing my work completed successfully gives me a strong sense of ( fulfillment完成;履行;实现). 6.The company had 143 ( salaried领薪水的) staff, most of whom it could no longer afford to keep. 7.She expressed ( resentment埋怨;不满) at being interviewed by a social worker. 8.He’s been running the company with the ( assistance帮助) of his son. 9.She needs to ( perfect完美的) her Arabic before going to work in Cairo. 10.Harry could scarcely ( suppress禁止,隐瞒) a smile. Unit(4) 1.I have got the Key ( in case也许;免得) we want to go inside. 2.( Every so often有时;偶尔),she spends a weekend in London. 3.His punishing累人的work schedule had made him ( resort to诉诸于;采取) drugs. 4.Let's（talk over说服；讨论；商量）the problem with our teacher. 5.Maybe we can forget what has happened and （start over重新开始）. 6.They were claiming record profits when, （in reality事实上）,the company was close to bankruptcy. 7.If we lose the contract, hundreds of jobs are （at stake危险）. 8.He（seized on抓住）the suggestions as a way of getting out of his financial difficulties. 9.The bank has offered a reward for any information ( leading to领到) the arrest of the man. 10.After two years spent teaching abroad ,she returned home for a month to （take stock of估计；观察）her life. Unit 5 1.The soldiers（renewed更新的；重建的）the attack after stopping for a little while. 2.The rules of safe driving ( apply运用；申请) to everyone. 3.It's no use being sorry if you （persist坚持）in doing it. 4.The cold winter was （succeeded）by a stormy spring. 5.I can't just （drop使落下；放弃）everything to receive casual visitors. 6.The details of the policy have not been（revealed显示；透露）yet. 7.The sight of the Great Wall filled the visitors with （wonder对……感到疑惑）.