全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码：00830
Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.
A. langue
B. competence
C. parole
D. performance
2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of
( ).
A. palatal
B. alveolar
C. bilabial
D. dental
3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D.M. A. K. Halliday
4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.
A. Adjacent Condition
B. parameters
C. Case Condition
D. Case requirement
5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.
A. stylistic
B. dialectal
C. emotive
D. collocational
6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the
utterance.
A. representatives
B. commissives
C. expressives
D. declaratives
7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).
A. Middle English
B. Old English
C. French
D. Norman French
8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the
same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.
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A. genetic
B. social
C. direct
D. close
9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.
A. Werniker’s
B. visual
C. motor
D. Broca’s
10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to
communicate with native speakers of the target language.
A. Instrumental
B. Functional
C. Integrative
D. Social
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1％×10=10％)
11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be
d .
12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and are
therefore consonants.
13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”,
“have”, “do” etc.
15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the
relationship between form and the reality.
16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe,
and were thus verifiable.
17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars,
and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.
18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at
least a single language variety.
19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facial
expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.
20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the
natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.
Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is
2
false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2％×10=20％) 21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech;
thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, but
not written.
22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/,
occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff
of air withheld to some extent.
23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of
the second element, without exception.
24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part
to the whole.
25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms
of the situational context and linguistic context.
26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of
performative verbs.
27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or
irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal
borrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule
generally.
28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The
differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in
nature.
29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left
hemisphere is language-dominant.
30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number
of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3％×10=30％)
31. assimilation rule
32. root
33. bound morphemes
34. surface structure
35. grammaticality
36. elaboration
37. bilingualism
38. creole
3
39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
40. fossilization
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions.(10％×2=20％)
41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called
suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.
42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the
analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.
4
全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1
全国2018年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. （）A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.（） A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. （） A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. （）A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） 1
04年10月自考现代语言学试题(1) 课程代码：00830 ⅰ.directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a,b,c or d in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. a. langue b. competence c. parole d. performance terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds share the feature of ( ). a. palatal b. alveolar c. bilabial d. dental generative grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. a. l. bloomfield b. f. saussure c. n. chomsky a. k. halliday languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on ug principles to particular values. a. adjacent condition b. parameters c. case condition d. case requirement
自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017 2017 年自学备考正在开展中，考生们要扎扎实实地复习，一步一步地前进，以下是搜索整理的一份《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想 了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们! I .Multiple Choice Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% x 10=20%) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( ) A. gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A. Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night ” as “light ”.This shows: .( ) A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it? ” is __.( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/49667346.html,rmative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试 语言学概论试题 课程代码：00541 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分)在每小题列出的四个选 项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.关于口语和书面语的关系，下列说明不正确的一项是( ) A.任何一种语言总是先有口语，后有书面语 B.书面语是第一性的，口语是第二性的 C.在一个只有口语而没有书面语的社会中，社会交际存在着较大的局限 D.书面语是经过加工、提炼和发展了的口语的书面形式 2.区分“语言”和“言语”的主要目的是( ) A.明确语言学的研究对象 B.更好地研究书面语 C.强调在社会环境中研究语言 D.强调研究言语的个人特色 3.二十世纪语言学在索绪尔语言理论的影响下，集中主要精力研究的是( ) A.语言的历史演变 B.语言和民族的关系 C.语言和社会的关系 D.语言系统本身的内在规律 4.对人类语言而言，声音四要素中作用最重要的一个是( ) A.音高 B.音强 C.音长 D.音质
5.下列各组中，都是前元音的一组是( ) 6.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是( ) A.[p,k] B.[n,b] C.[ts,s] D.[d,f] 7.语音不同于一般声音的本质属性是( ) A.物理属性 B.社会属性 C.生理属性 D.心理属性 8.常用语汇和非常用语汇主要是从下列哪个角度区分出来的( ) A.词的使用场合 B.词的专业特色 C.词的使用频率 D.词的历史来源 9.汉语经常用四字格表示而且使用最多的熟语形式是( ) A.成语 B.谚语 C.惯用语 D.歇后语 10.“最小的有意义的能独立使用的语言单位”是( ) A.语素 B.词 C.词组 D.字 11.英语动词“唱”的原形是sing，过去时形式是sang，这在语法手段的词形变化中叫作( ) A.附加 B.屈折 C.异根 D.零形式 12.英语句子“我看电视”有时写作I watch TV，有时写作I watched TV。其中动词 “watch(看)”的词形变化反映了语法上哪一种谓词属性范畴( )
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.
全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 Ⅰ. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%) 1. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language? A. Speech precedes writing. B. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form. C. People were encouraged to imitate the “best authors” for language usage. D. The spoken is used for a wider range of purposes than the written. 2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants ［s］and ［z］are classified as ______. A. liquids B. affricates C. stops D. fricatives 3. Which of the following words has four morphemes? A. Undoubtedly. B. Instrument. C. Astonishing. D. Thermometer. 4. The word very in the phrase “very curious of the answer” is a ______ in terms of X-bar schema. A. specifier B. head 1 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题
现代语言学试题 题型举例 Ⅰ. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration (20%; 5 terms ): 1.duality----- 2.free morpheme---- 3.phonology ------ 4.context------- 5.polysemy ------ Ⅱ. Indicate the following statements true or false (20%; 20 statements): ( )1. While language is arbitrary by nature, it is not entirely arbitrary. ( )2. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence pattern of a language. ( )3. Phonemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language. ( )4. Modern linguists regard the written language as primary, not the spoken. ( )5. English is a typical tone language. Ⅲ. Fill each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given (20%; 20 blanks): 1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a_________ of that phoneme. 2. A linguistic study is d___________ if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is p___________ if it tries to lay down rules for correct behavior. 3. Competence is the ideal language user’s knowledge of his l____________, while p____________ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances. 4. The two subtypes of affixes are p____________ and s_____________. 5. The description of a language at some point in time is a s______________ study. 6. P_______________ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 7. The notion of c______________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.
全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clipping C. blending D. abbreviating 8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusual C. pejorative D. commendatory 9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （） A. brain B. vocal cords C. tongue D. articulatory organs 10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （） A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% ) 11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. 13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology. 14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence. 15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites. 16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2019 年 10 月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% ×10=20%) 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user ’ s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance 2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ). A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental 3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday 4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values. A. Adjacent Condition B. parameters C. Case Condition D. Case requirement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “ girl ”and“ lass ” belong is called ( ) synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational 6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. representatives B. commissives C. expressives D. declaratives 7. Modern English words man, woman, child , eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ). A. Middle English B. Old English C. French D. Norman French 8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety. 1
福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一 本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为： 如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点 1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves. 2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition. 3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. https://www.doczj.com/doc/49667346.html,nguage is entirely arbitrary. 6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. https://www.doczj.com/doc/49667346.html,pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 8.All utterances take the form of sentences. 9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech. 10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.
2011年10月现代语言学自考试题 全国2011年10月自考 现代语言学试题 课程代码:00830 I .Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% 10=20% ) 1.Often referred to as a design feature of language, ________ enables speakers to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences that they have neither spoken nor heard before. ( ) A.duality B.productivity C.displacement D.arbitrariness 2.________ phoneticians study speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds.( ) A.Articulatory B.Auditory C.Acoustic D.General 3.Morphemes such as -er, -en, in-are all called ________.( ) A.free morphemes B.inflectional morphemes
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance 2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ). A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental 3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday 4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values. A. Adjacent Condition B. parameters C. Case Condition D. Case requirement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotive D. collocational 6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. representatives B. commissives C. expressives D. declaratives 7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ). A. Middle English B. Old English C. French D. Norman French 8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety. 1