现在完成时
⒈构成
Have/has +过去分词
现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式：
【提示】
①现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式：have→’ve, has→’s.例如：She’s worked. =She has worked. I’ve not worked. = I haven’t worked.
②现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为：Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked?
Hasn’t he worked?
③现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t.
⒉用法
⑴过去动作产生的影响等
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。例如：
Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.）
I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.）
He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.)
The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.)
I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name.
他今天还没吃任何东西.(现在一定很饿了)
_________________________________________________________________
我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了）
____________________________________________________
⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来
表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。例如：
He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去）
She has lived here since then.
He has been in Nanjing since 2003.
Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city.
你已经住在这个房子里多久了？
_____________________________________________________
这个女孩已经病了一个星期了。
______________________________________________________
【提示】for是介词，后面只能跟单词或词组；since是介词或连词，后面可以跟单词、词组或句子。
⑶同recently等状语连用
现在完成时常同表示从过去某时刻延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如recently, today, this morning, this week, lately, up to now, so far, in the past/last few months, since three years ago等。例如：
I haven’t seen him this week.
I have been busy this morning.
He has bought a new bike recently.
⑷同often等状语连用
现在完成时常同不明确指出具体时间的状语连用，如often, already, yet, never, ever, always, once, twice, sometimes, just, for a long time, only twice 等。例如：
Have you done your homework yet?
我们已经完成了工作。
__________________________________
我从没去过英国。
_______________________________________
⑸将来某时已经完成的动作
现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。例如：
He will come as soon as he has finished the homework.
If you have read the book before I leave, please lend it to me.
We shall wait here until the rain has stopped.
⑹have gone和have been
have gone和have been意义上不同，前者表示“到某地去了，尚没回来，现在不在这里”，后者表示“曾经到过某地，现在已返回”。比较：
She has gone to Beijing.(她现在不在这里，去北京了，可能已经到达，也可能仍在途中)
She has been to Beijing.(她以前到过北京，现在已不在北京了)
Where has he been?(他已回来)
Where has he gone?(他现在不在这里)
比较：
have been to do sth做过了某事
have gone to do sth去做某事了
have come to do sth来做某事了
⑺for 2004还是since 2004
英语中有些动词表示的动作是一时性的、短暂的、不能延续的，所以，不能同for 和since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也不可用于“How long/How many+时间名词”句中。因此，这类动词可以单独使用于完成时中，但不可同表示一段时间的状语一起用于完成时中，包括现在完成时和过去完成时。这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, join, receive, get, die, buy, borrow, choose, close, fall, finish, kill, lend, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, sit down, stand up等。比较：
How long may I keep the book?
Her grandmother has been dead for five months.
It is five months since her grandfather died.
He has arrived.
He arrived there three hours ago.
It’s three hours since he arrived.
It has been three hours since he arrived.
He has been away from Shanghai for two weeks.
It is two weeks since he left Shanghai.
He has left Shanghai.
She has joined the army.
She has been in the army since 20004.
It is three years since she joined the army.
【提示】①非延续性动词的完成时有时可以同for引导的短语连用，但表示的是某一动作的目的或结果，而不是表示动作本身延续的时间。例如：
She has come for two weeks.她已经来了，准备住两个星期。
He has gone for three days.他走了，要在三天后回来。
②非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因此可以同for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。例如：
I haven’t received her letter for a whole year.
He hasn’t bought any book since last month.
for/since的特殊注意：
在带有for或since短语或since从句的句子中以及How long提问的句子中,谓语动词只
用延续性动词（可持续一段时间的动作)，而不能用短暂性动词（在瞬间发生完毕的动作）
常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
borrow/lend have(has) kept
buy have(has) had/owned
die have(has) been dead
begin/start have(has) been on
finish have(has) been over
open have(has) been open
close have(has) been closed
catch a cold have(has) had a cold
fall ill have(has) been ill
fall asleep have(has) been ill
become have(has) been
leave have(has) been away from
get married have(has) been married
join have(has) been a member of
have(has) been in
move/come/go to have(has) been in/at
⑻现在完成时和一般过去时的比较
①现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用，如ago, then, yesterday 等，但一般过去时可以。例如：
He worked here last year.
②现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，而一般过去时只限于表
示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。例如：
He has been ill for a week.（现在仍然病着）
He was ill for a week.（过去病过一个星期，现在好了）
He has bought a house（现在完成时，到说话时仍然拥有那所房子）
He bought a house five years ago(一般过去时只说明他五年前买过一所房子，现在不一定还拥有那所房子)
I haven’t written him for ages.(现在仍没有写)
I didn’t write him for ages(仅指过去)
③现在完成时可以同现在在内的时间状语连用；而一般过去时则不可。例如：
It has been hot this summer.（说话时仍然是夏天）
It was hot this summer.（说话时夏天已经过去）
④现在完成时不可与疑问副词when连用；而一般过去时则可以。例如：
When did he come?
⑼already和yet的区别
already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句；already有时也可用于疑问句，表示“惊讶，意外”的意思。例如：
Hurry up, we are already twenty minutes late.
I haven’t heard from him yet.
Has class begun yet?
Has class begun already?(想不到)
Have you sold the car yet?
Have you sold the car already?（惊讶）
【补充】
ago和before的用法
ago是副词，表示从现在算起的若干时间以前，用于“名词词组+ago”结构；ago所在句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；ago不可单独使用，也不可用作连词。before作副词用时，表示从过去某一时刻或某一事件算起的若干时间以前，所在句中的谓语动词用过去去完成时；before还可以单独使用，意为“以前”，谓语动词用现在完成时，ago则没有这种用法；before还可以用作连词，后接单词、词组或句子，ago 则没有这种用法。比较：
She saw the film three days ago.（从现在说起三天前）
She told me that she had seen the film three days before.（从过去说起三天前）
I have seen her before.
She had left before he arrived.
※课堂训练：
一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. I______ already _________ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. __________ he _________ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father _________ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired
now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
二、单项选择
（）1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come
B. got
C. arrived
D. been
（）2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2
B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2.
D. my
age was 6.
（）3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been
（）4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after
B. since
C. for
D. that
（）5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met
B. have met
C. had met
D. will meet
（）6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy
B. did, buy
C. are, having
D. have, had
（）7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned （）8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D. live
（）9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D. will go to
（）10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
三、句型转换
I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here?
The old man _________ last year.
He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）
Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
※课后作业
一、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He _________________ his country.
2) David ________________ the park just now.
3) John __________________ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village?
5) The Smiths _____________________Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I ______________ there many times.
7) I _______________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _______________________ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _______________ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I _______________ to the zoo.
12) He often _____________ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
第一章 诵读 我的梦想 在我的梦中，有一个地方没有战争 没有更多的枪，没有更多的痛苦，没有更多的伤害这是一个充满快乐而没有悲伤的世界人们载歌载舞，洋溢着幸福 带我去我的梦想 爱就是一切 哪里没有战争 然后孩子们唱歌 爱无处不在 这是唯一的事 梦想一定会实现 在我的梦中有一个干净的地方 没有更多的废物在空气和海洋 所以这个地方会很干净，很健康 你可以在天堂生活 带我去我的梦想 爱就是一切 哪里没有战争
然后孩子们唱歌爱无处不在 这是唯一的事梦想一定会实现 但我知道这只是一个梦它会改变我们的生活吗? 希望有一天它会好转进入我梦想的地方 带我去这个梦 爱就是一切 哪里没有战争 然后孩子们唱歌 爱无处不在 这是唯一的事 梦想一定会实现 阅读1 待售的房子今 天的房产 ￡195000 / 家 剑桥（剑桥） 这座漂亮的房子离剑桥5 英里。它在河边。有一个停车位，两层楼之间有楼梯 楼上楼下 厨房3 个卧室 餐厅卫生间 休息室 衣帽间
在走廊里，有通往楼下房间的门和通往一楼的楼梯。休息室在房子的前面。餐厅在房子的后面。它有通往后花园的门。厨房在餐厅旁边。衣帽间在楼梯下面。 楼梯顶上是第三间卧室。这是适合研究的尺寸。第二间卧室就在这个隔壁。第一间卧室在房子的前面。它俯瞰着河流。浴室在第一间和第二间卧室之间。 阅读2 一位新笔友 你好, 凯拉, 我的名字叫莎拉。我12 岁了。我是家里的老二。我有两个兄弟。一个比我大，另一个比我小。我也有一个同父异母的妹妹。我们和我妈妈还有她丈夫住在一起。我家有六个人。我和我同父异母的妹妹同住一间卧室，她今年八岁。 请告诉我你的家庭情况。你也有兄弟姐妹吗? 莎拉 你好, 萨拉, 谢谢你的来信。很高兴听到你的家人。我的家庭很小。我有一个兄弟。他比我大，所以我也是第二个孩子! 我们和我爸爸住在一起。我有自己的卧室，但我是家里唯一的女孩。有个妹妹好吗? 凯拉
9BU1词组 1.爬台阶和用筷子很累。It’s tiring to climb the steps and use chopsticks. 2.在北京古城的中央in the middle of the ancient city of Beijing 3.它在1925年被改造成了博物馆。It was turned into a museum in 1925. 4.一早聚集那看升国旗仪式gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag 5.在中国北部地区绵延6000多公里run for over 6,000 kilometres across northern China 6.每隔数百米every few hundred metres 7.世界奇迹之一one of the wonders of the world 8.位于漓江两岸lie on both sides/ the two sides/ each / either side of the Lijiang River 9.以不同的形态矗立着stand in different shapes. 10.一些向下垂悬, 其他向上伸展。Some hang down, and others point upwards. 11.沿着漓江坐船旅游take a boat trip along the Lijiang River 12.租一辆自行车在乡下骑行hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside. 13.故宫现在对公众开放。The Palace Museum is now open to the public. 14.在中国东部in eastern China/ in the eastern part of China 15.在这个城市的东南部in the south-east of the city 16.占据这个地区的四分之三的空间take up three quarters of the area 17.从我学校到家两公里远。It is two kilometers from my school to my home. 18.我认为污染不如我像的严重。I don’t think the pollution is as serious as I imagined. 19.提供高水平服务provide a high level of service. 20.去东京旅游take a tour of Tokyo=take a trip to Tokyo 21.2月25号早晨9点离开日本动身去另外一个亚洲国家 leave Japan for another Asian country at nine in the morning on 25th February 22.一座文化古城an ancient city of culture 23.在日本停留期间during our stay in Japan 24.一个城市国家 a city state 25.日本是我们将在亚洲游玩的第二大国家。 Japan is the second country (that) we are going to visit in Asia. 26.位于南亚lie in South Asia 27.主要说印地语mainly speak Hindi 28.10亿多人over one billion people 29.有一个庞大的钢铁产业have a large iron and steel industry 30.以它的信息技术行业闻名be famous for its IT industry 31.英语被用作一门第二语言。English is used as a second language. 32.印度有世界上第二大人口。India has the second largest population in the world. 33.水稻和小麦是他们主要的粮食。Rice and wheat are their main crops. 34.印度妇女的传统服装是莎丽。Traditional clothes for Indian women are saris. 35.有一个非常值得参观的著名景点。There is a famous attraction which is well worth a visit.
人教版八年级下现在完 成时讲与练 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
人教版八年级下册现在完成时 Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days. ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998. ③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago. ④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born. ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here. （buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----be over ; open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
第二学期期中考试 七年级英语试卷 一．单项选择。（20分） （）1. There’s _______ orange coat in the room, and ______coat is Li Hong’s. A. a, an B. a, the C. an, the D. the, the （）2. There __________ in the fridge. A. is two cartons of milk B. are two cartons of milks C. are two cartons of milk D. is two cartons of milks （）3. Kitty wants ______ a dancer. So she can’t eat ______ sugar. A. to be; too many B. is; too much C. to be; too much D. to be; much too （）4. —Would you like some bread?—__________. I’m a little hungry. A. Yes, please B. Yes, I would C. No, thanks D. No, I don’t like to （）5. —___________ do you sleep every day? —More than 8 hours. A. How often B. How long C. How much D. How many （）6. I like this pair of football boots. Could I __________ please? A. try on it B. try it on C. try on them D. try them on （）7. Where ________ does Millie want to visit? A. else B. other C. others D. another （）8.They will arrive Beijing April 20th. A. in , in B. at , at C. in , on D. at , on （）9.Would you like ______ some coffee? A.have B.to have C.having D.had （）10、I don’t like this shirt. Would you please show me _____? A. oth er B. the other C. the others D. another （）11、— I will have a trip to Beijing. — __________. A. It’s a pleasure B. Good, thank you C. Enjoy yourself D. Oh, I m glad to hear that （）12、There is _____ “h” and _____ “u” in the word “house”. A. a…a B. an…a C. an…an D. a…an ( ) 13. How do we say the number ‘1,483’? A. One, four hundred and eighty-three. B. One thousand, four hundred and eighty-three. C. One thousand and four hundred eighty-three. D. One thousand and four hundred and eighty-three. （）14. I want to live in a big house _______ a beautiful garden. A. have B. has C. and D. with ( ) 15.There is going to ______ a football match tomorrow evening. A. have B. be C. take D. make ( )16.She would like ________ . A. two bottles of milk B. two bottles of milks C. two bottle of milk D. two bottle of milks ( )17.Everyone ____ to know how ________ to the shopping mall ? A. wants, get B. wants, to get C. want, getting D. wants ,to getting ( )18.______ Greens are on ______ visit to a beautiful city in China.
初三英语教学计划 本学期我担任初三的英语教学工作，针对学生现状和本学期的教学任务，制定如下教学计划。 指导思想 遵循教学大纲要求，不增加学生过多负担；贯彻素质教育精神，在课堂上培养学生听、说、读、写各项素质；此外，充分利用课堂对学生进行升学教育和其他方面的思想教育。 学生情况分析 本班共有学生55人，特点是班里尖子生很少，中间生占也不多，差生面大。当然大部分学生课堂学习积极性较高，回答问题较积极，能做到自觉完成作业、自觉背诵课文。有部分学生受学习态度、风气的影响，刻苦学习之风渐渐稀薄，轻浮之风开始产生，很多学生上课不认真，课后死记硬背，当然绝大部分还是劳逸结合，掌握了科学的学习方法。从学生成绩来看，存在明显不平衡，虽然上学期有所进步，但和平行班比较，还有很大的差距。 教材分析 本教材共4单元，按要求，从开学到三月中旬要结束新课。此外，本学期增加了口语与听力训练的比重，以便于教好的完成人机对话和听说读写的全面训练。其内容主要反映了学生的日常学习和生活。课本设计题材范围更广，反映了学生对未来生活的想象，如移居火星、拥有机器人生活方式、学习世界上著名伟人的事迹以及著名景点的介绍等。教学内容渗透了思想品德的因素，寓思想教育于语言教学中。并且教材配备了练习册、听力练习、听力训练录音带、教学挂图、教学录相带及中英文教参等必不可少的教学辅助工具。 教学重点、难点 每一节课的教学内容大体有三部分：复习前面已教的语言材料；教学新的词汇、语音、语法；开展各种形式的听、说、读、写训练活动。课堂教学五般采取以下五个步骤：复习、介绍、操练、练习和巩固。在每一步骤中，教师的任务也稍有改变：复习-强化记忆者，介绍-示范表演者、操练-组织者/指挥，练习-裁判员/监督员/监听者，巩固-帮手。组织课堂教学的方法可用教师提问，学生逐个回答，全班学生集体回答或齐声重复教师的话，或分小组朗读对话等。 教学措施和要求 1、认真钻研教材教法，把握教材并把“新课程标准”的理念贯彻到我们当然英语教学过程中每让学生通过体验、实践、参与、合作、交流和探究等方式，学习并使用英语，并激发
五年级下册知识点 一、名词（单数，复数，不可数） 1.单数 a fairy , a toothache an art room/ English teacher / idea / umbrella ( a.e.i.o.u) 2.复数 1.一般直接+s：trains，students， 2.以s. x. sh.ch结尾，加es：bus-buses，class-classes， 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，加es：library—libraries hobby---hobbies city——cities family——families 4. 以o结尾的，加es：potatoes，tomatoes 5.不规则名词复数： man-men， woman-women， policeman-policemen child-children foot-feet，tooth-teeth 3. 不可数bread,meat,soup, milk,juice,tea , rice … 二、人称代词 1.主格：I we you you he she he it they ★2.宾格：me us you you him her him it them try it/them on help me/him/her What’s wrong with him/her/them? eat them be bad for us Let me/us…. give it a cake come to see him 3.形容词性物主代词：my our your your his her its their ★三、介词 1、表示时间的： ①in ＋月份：in January ，in April ②in the morning /afternoon/evening ③in ＋季节：in winter ④on ＋具体日期on the 23rd of June ⑤at ＋具体时刻at five o’clock 2、表示节日的： ①at Spring Festival at Christmas / Halloween ②on Mother’s Day on Children’s Day 3、表示地点的：（far from/near/next to/beside/behind/between/under/in/on/at） ①at the party / at the prince’s house / at the traffic lights / at the bus stop at Park Station / at home/school ②on your left ③on Moon Street / in Sunshine Town ★四、季节和月份 Spring is in March,April and May. warm Summer is in June，July and August. hot Autumn is in September,October and November. cool Winter is in December,January and February. cold
牛津译林版九年级英语上册任务型阅读理解专项练习七、阅读填空先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词．每个空格只能填一个单词．（本大题共1小题，每小题5分，共5分）49．（5分）Anxiety（焦虑）is the state of feeling worried or nervous．When you're anxious or stressed，you may feel something bad is going to happen． When you think of starting a new project or going into a group situation with people you don't know，do you feel fearful？Do you come up with lots of reasons not to do fun but risky things like joining a hiking club or a volunteer organization？If these happen，it shows that you are probably anxious，and your anxiety will stop you from going after your dreams．In fact，anxiety makes you less confident，while getting started and taking action help your anxiety go down．But where do you begin？ These suggestions below will let you be the master of your anxiety，rather than letting it master you． ? Don't wait for your anxiety to go down Your anxiety won't go down on its own．However，when you take action towards your goals instead of considering what anxiety you have，you will build self﹣efficacy（自我效能）little by little ﹣you begin to see yourself as someone who can take action and be successful even when you're feeling anxious． ? Set a realistic goal that makes sense for you We all have different personalities and hobbies．We don't all want to be lawyers，have hundreds of friends，or run marathons．Whatever you want，just find out what is the simplest thing you can do to get started．Set a detailed goal，for example，"walk for 20minutes three times next week"．You can't climb a mountain all at once and you're more likely to achieve your goals with inside motivation（动机）than when you're just trying to please others． ? Trust the process Faith （信仰）is the first step to take action．Even if you don't have faith to begin with，faith will come if you just take the first step．The more you take action，the more likely you are to succeed and begin to trust the process．I often start writing a blog post not knowing exactly what I'm going to write．Now I've understood that if I sincerely communicate with my readers，then the content will appear naturally and anxiety will reduce
牛津译林版九年级下册英语Unit 1-4知识点总结 9B Unit 1 Asia 四会词组： 1.have/take a break/rest 休息一下 2.keep moving 继续前进 3.on one’s way back 在…回来的路上 4.in the middle of 在…的中心 5.be (well) worth visiting/ a visit 值得参观 6.hang down 悬挂下来 7.the raising of the national flag 升国旗 8.be praised as/ to be…被赞扬为…/被誉为… 9.across northern China 横贯中国北方 10.in different shapes 不同形状地… 11.art treasures 艺术瑰宝 12.take up 占…的面积 13.provide a high level of service 提供一个高级别的服务 14.leave for 动身出发去某地 15.a city state 一个城市型国家 16.the second largest population 第二大人口数 四会句型：
1.It’s tiring to climb the steps, and my feet hurt. 爬台阶很累人，我的脚疼。 2.We had better keep moving. 我们最好继续前进。 3.Thank you for your advice/ suggestion. 谢谢你的建议。 4.With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside, it is well worth a visit. 它里面有宏伟的建筑和艺术珍宝，非常值得一游。 5.It runs for over 6000 kilometres across northern China, with watchto wers every few hundred metres. 6.它（长城）在中国北部地区绵延6000多公里，每隔几百米设有瞭望塔。 7.In the north-west of Beijing is the Summer Palace, a large Chinese garden set in a natural landscape. 8.在北京的西北部的颐和园，一个依托天然地形建立起来的中国园林。 9. It is one of the wonders of the world. 它是世界奇迹之一。 10. It lies on the two sides of the LIjiang River. 它位于漓江两岸。 11.It is also popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside. 租一辆自行车环绕乡间骑车也是流行的。
新版译林英语五年级下册知识点整理 Unit 1知识点 一、单词: because 因为 fairy 仙女 fit 合适，合身 have to 不得不，必须 leave…behind 留下，丢下 mushroom 蘑菇 prince 王子 understand 明白，理解 pick 摘，拾 take off 脱下 be bad for有害的 clothes 衣服 let 让 put on 穿上 before 在…以前 try on 试穿 late 迟的 pick 摘 二、词组： at the prince’s house 在王子的房子 be sad 伤心 go to the party 去聚会 don’t have any nice clothes or shoes没有漂亮的衣服或鞋子 come back 回来 have a good time 过得愉快at the party 在聚会 take off 脱下 try on 试穿 have to go必须走leave…behind 留下，丢下 in the forest 在深林里 under a tree在一棵树下 pick a big red mushroom摘一个大红色的蘑菇look so nice 看起来很漂亮 are bad for us 对我们有害的 三、句型： Why are you so sad ? 你为什么这么伤心？ Because I can’t go to the party. 因为我不能去参加聚会。 Why？为什么? Because I don’t have any nice clothes and shoes.因为我没有漂亮的衣服或鞋子。 四、语法： can’t = can not don’t =do not Unit 2知识点 一、单词: far from 离……远 near 在……附近 by …乘…… bus 公共汽车，大巴士 on foot 步行 metro 地铁 taxi 出租车，的士 bike自行车 plane 飞机 ship轮船 train 火车 ride 骑车 show 给……看 basket 篮子 city城市 二、词组： your new home 你的新家 very big 很大 far from school 离学校远 live on Moon Street 住在月亮街上 near City Library在城市图书馆附近 come to school 来学校 by bus 乘公共汽车 on foot 步行by metro 乘地铁 by taxi 乘出租车 a taxi driver 一位出租车司机in the park 在公园里can fly 会飞 show his bike to sam 展示他的自行车给山姆看too young 太小（年龄） sit in the basket 坐在篮子里 三、句型： Where do you live？你住在哪里？ I live …我住在…… I live near/ far from…我住在附近/离远
Unit 1 Know Yourself 1)make sb do使某人做某事 2)feel good 感觉好feel well身体好 3)well organized 很有条理 4)people with different personalities 有不同品性的人 5)keep sth in good order 使...保持好的秩序 6)show off炫耀 7)patient enough足够耐心 8)repeat sth for sb为某人重复.. 9)be curious about sth对..充满好奇 10)come up with sth = think of sth想出... 11)get angry easily容易生气 12)12.a born artist一个天生的艺术家 13)make a good accountant= be a good accountant成为一个好的会计 14)impress sb with sth用..给某人留下印象 15)work without speaking all day long一整天不说话的工作 16)win high praise赢得高度表扬 17)give up sth/give up doing sth放弃某事/做某事 18)work for为..工作 19)day after day日复一日 20)make sb unhappy使某人不高兴 21)the general manger of ..的总经理 22)take the lead处于领先地位 23)fall behind 落后 24)take on new challenges 接受新的挑战 25)connect ...to/with 与..相连 26)afford to do负担的起.. 27)pay attention to sth/doing sth注意.. 28)work to high standards向着高标准工作 29)a pioneer heart surgeon 心外科带头人 30)can’t be too+形容词再..也不为过 31)work extra hours 额外工作 32)devote ...to sth /doing 致力于... 33)respect sb尊敬某人 34)accept sb’s advice 接受某人的建议 35)neither...nor既不..也不 36)either...or或者..或者 37)not only...but also 不但..而且 38)Chinese lunar calendar中国农历
Unit 5 Amazing things 5.1 Comic strip&Welcome to the unit 【要点梳理】 1.词汇运用 2.句子结构分析 要点一：词汇 1. amazing adj. 令人惊异的，惊人的 区别amazing和amazed amazing 令人吃惊的，主语习惯上是物（事）。如：Your success is amazing. amazed 感到惊奇（愕），主语习惯上是人， be amazed at.... be amazed to do sth. 【例】I was amazed at his answer. 我对他的回答感到十分震惊。 We were amazed to find her in the net bar. 我发现她在网吧，吃了一惊。【拓展】以ing及ed结尾的相同用法的形容词还有 interesting exciting frightening interested excited frightened 2.same adj. 同一的；相同的，同样的pron.同一事物；同样的人 the same as 同……一样 all the same 完全一样 about the same 大同小异 【例】We share the same social background. 我们有相同的社会背景。 They study in a same school.他们在同一所学校上学 3. birth n.出生；分娩；起源；出身 at birth 出生时by birth 生来，天生 【例】She gave a birth to a girl. She weighed 5 pounds at birth. 要点二：句子结构 1．I saw one yesterday．我昨天还见过一架(飞机)。 one与it都可替代上文出现的某个名词，但用法不同。
译林牛津版初中九年级英语下册单词表 9B Unit 1 Asia tiring /'ta??r?? / 使人疲劳的，累人的step /step / 台阶；阶梯Chinese knot /?t?a??ni?z n?t / *中国结 Chinese opera /?t?a??ni?z ??p(?)r? / *中国戏曲 Chinese paper-cut /?t?a??ni?z / paper-cut *中国剪纸 chopsticks /'t??pst?ks / （复）筷子 dragon dance /?dr?g(?)n dɑ?ns / *舞龙 middle /'m?d(?)l / 中间，中央 in the middle of /?n e??m?d(?)l ?v / 在……中间 emperor /'emp(?)r? / *皇帝 raising /'re?z?? / 升高 flag /fl?g / 旗帜 landscape /'l?n(d)ske?p / *风景；地形 attraction /?'tr?k?(?)n / *向往的地方；吸引watchtower /'w?t?ta?? / *瞭望塔 wonder /'w?nd? / 奇迹 lie /la? / 位于 shape /?e?p / 形状，外形 underground /?nd?'gra?nd / 地下的 cave /ke?v / *洞穴 hang /h?? / 垂下；悬挂 point /p??nt / 指，指向 upwards /'?pw?dz / *向上 hire /'ha?? / *租用；雇用 eastern /'i?st(?)n / 东部的，东方的 south-east 东南方 location /l?(?)'ke??(?)n / *地点，方位 take up /te?k ?p / 占据（空间）；占用（时间）
牛津译林九年级下册阅读练习 完形填空 During this winter vacation, I went to work in Four Seasons Hotel so that I could increase my social experience. Although it took only two (1) I made many friends there. During my first night, I found there were so many people in the hotel. At the beginning, I just felt I was a little (2) because I did not know what to do. Other waiters all look very (3) and were busy working with smiling faces. At that time, a strong boy came up to me and showed me (4) to work. During supper, the boy who (5) me sat by my side and said to me, “My name is Paul. This afternoon you didn’t do those carefully enough, and I think you should call me ‘teacher’.”I said, “Thank you for (6) me, and I think we can be friends, do you think so?” The first day ended, I was so tired that I fell (7) as soon as I lay down on the bed. As the days went by, I was used to the life there. One day, I made a (8) while working. The boss got so angry with me that I felt very sorry. This time, a little boy named Eric walked up to me and said, “Don’t be scared! Just be more (9) next time!”“Thank you very much,”I said. After that, we also became friends. Two weeks flew by, and I must (10) there, for I had to go back to school. So my friends all came to say goodbye to me. I would remember everyone’s (11) , John, Eric, Paul and so on. At that moment, I felt so excited that I almost (12) I learned much and got some (13) of working in the restaurant. My friends brought wonderful and colorful (14) to my life. Wherever I am, I will be (15) of them, for they are my good friends. ( )1 A. days B. months C. weeks D. years ( )2 A. careless B. helpless C. hopeless D. homeless ( )3 A. happy B. fine C. funny D. strange ( )4 A. where B. how C. when D. why ( )5 A. warned B. trained C. thanked D. helped
Unit 1-2 课题 Review 7BUnit 1-2 总第课时 备课时间上课时间 课时Period 5 教具 Teaching aims To master cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers Teaching focus Simple future tense Difficult points Write about dreams and introduce neighbours Teaching method Task-based approach，Scene pedagogy and Teaching with humor Teaching procedures The second preparing lessons Step1 Oral English Recite the 5th topic Read an article in the book Step 2 Important words 1 share sth with sb\have a share 2 my own bedroom\own a small company 3 60 feet tall\on foot\at the foot of 4 His elder sister 5 20 aquare metres\the town square 6 pay a visit to\visit the park\visitors 7 be ill\sick sick people 8below\under Step3 important phrases 1live in a palace 2 live next to a restaurant 3 the biggest one 4 would like to 5 in the centre of 6 my own bedroom 7look out at the beach and the sea 8 in different countries 9In the white house 10 the Eiffel Tower 11 Big Ben 12 red square 13 a town 15 miles from London 14 have fun with sb 15 in bed 16wash one’s face 17grow flowers 18visit our new neighbor 19 do some shopping 20welcome visitors like you 21among the volunteers 22 check it 23 around your neighbourhood 24 share their different skills 25most of them 26something wrong 27college students 28be afraid 29 be ready to do sth 30 help with their problems 31 a computer engineer 32 have a