Unit 1 fast reading
The Effects of China’s Push for Education
JANUARY 21, 2013
The Chinese government is investing deeply in higher education, trying to create an educated work force to expand the economy beyond manufacturing.
Is China becoming more of a competitive challenge to the United States, Europe and Japan through its rapid expansion of education? Will the nation’s focus on technical fields be a strength or a weakness?
Good for China, and the Rest of the World
Wang Huiyao is the director general of the Center for China and
Globalization and a senior visiting fellow at the Harvard Kennedy
School.
The investment in education will expand the middle class in China
and will increase the consumption of goods and services from all over the world.
The Chinese government in recent years has given unprecedented attention to the development of talent, hoping to combat emerging development issues and maintain the Chinese growth engine. The government’s plans are a blueprint for developing a highly skilled national work force within the next 10 years. Among the goals is the transformation of China from a manufacturing hub to a world leader in innovation – a grand objective. One step is to increase the pool of highly skilled workers, to 180 million by 2020 from the current 114 million. Another is to ensure that by 2020, 20 percent of the work force has had a college education. That would be 195 million people.
For the past 30 years, 225 million migrant workers have made China into a
world-manufacturing powerhouse. The same principle will apply: nearly 195 million college graduates by 2020 will certainly change China and the world. This is a
positive change, not only for China but also for the United States, Europe and Japan. The investment in education will expand the middle class in China and will certainly increase the consumption of goods and services imported from all over the world.
Also, China for the past 30 years has sent 2.5 million students overseas, mainly to developed countries. Nearly two-thirds of them are still in these countries, and are contributing t o their work forces rather than China’s. Some, however, become “seagulls”(flying back and forth), which promotes economic and social exchanges between China and the outside world. This movement of Chinese talent will continue to benefit China and the rest of the world.
China’s focus on education in technical fields will certainly be a strength as the nation strives to be more innovative. The technical work force has been falling behind and needs to be upgrade d. Nevertheless, China should also focus more on the social, public and humanities areas in order to have well-balanced development.
China Wasn’t Trying to Take On the U.S.
Zheng Yongnian is the director of the East Asian Institute at the National University of Singapore.
The huge investment in higher education began as an effort to stimulate domestic demand.
Will China, with an ever-expanding army of educated workers, beat the United States, Europe and Japan in the global competition for human resources? From our recent study on China’s higher education, the answer is "very unlikely" -- if no fundamental institutional reform is introduced.
For one thing, the government-sponsored expansion in higher education was never meant to improve the general quality of higher education. When the policy was hastily put forward in the late 1990s, the goal was to raise domestic demand, relieve fiscal strain and delay young people's entrance to the labor market, rather than lifting the quality of the labor force. Later, the whole
expansion drive developed into a government-sponsored tournament among the universities for administrative ranks, government money and sheer size of enrollments. Subjects that expanded fastest were not engineering, but cheap subjects like applied social sciences and management. The worst expansion mostly occurred among the lower echelon of the higher education system, whereas elite institutions like Beijing, Qinghua and Fudan have hardly expanded their undergraduate enrollments. As a result, graduates from second- and third-class institutes often end up earning a salary similar to or even lower than those of uneducated migrant laborers.
In addition, China’s higher education expansion has not helped much in strengthening the country’s technical capacity. Technical schools have always been ranked at the bottom in China’s higher education hierarchy. In a country where the ideal career for youth is still the civil service and general degrees are the basic requirement for taking the civil service examinations, a technical degree is often associated with low social est eem. Not surprisingly, China’s best technical schools have in fact atrophied while higher education expanded, causing a nationwide shortage of skilled workers and technicians and bottlenecks in manufacturing. Although China’s good research universities tend to produce more engineers and scientists than humanists and social scientists, they do not help to improve the weak technical base of the nation's overall labor force.
Luring Back the Chinese Who Study Abroad
David Zweig is the associate dean of the School of Humanities & Social Sciences at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and the director of its Center on China’s Transnational Relations.
If China wants to bring back the best, it needs a fundamental reform of its academic and scientific institutions.
China is not only cultivating its own college graduates and experts, but also trying to bring back the sons and daughters who left China for higher education. While the number of Chinese students returning from overseas has
increased dramatically, three nagging issues remain. First, the rate of return has remained approximately 30 percent for decades. True, in 2009 the numbers of returnees jumped to 115,000 a year, a threefold increase since 2007, but that increase is largely because in 2009, more than 240,000 Chinese students went abroad to study at all levels — high school, undergraduate and graduate degrees, a tenfold increase over 2004.
Second, the return rate among Chinese who rec eived Ph.D.’s in the United States is shockingly low. Approximately 92 percent of all Chinese who received a science or technology Ph.D. in the U.S. in 2002 were still in the U.S. in 2007. This rate was well above India’s, which is in second place with 81 percent.
Finally, China’s universities and scientific research institutes cannot draw back the ―crème de la crème‖ of its overseas talent. In late 2008, the Chinese Communist Party began the ―1,000 Talents‖ program, aimed at these supremely talented Chinese. Through a wide variety of terrific incentives —sometimes as much as $1 million — the party has encouraged academic and research institutes, as well as municipal governments, to ―bring back the best.‖
The 1,000 Talents program has met with some success. As of summer 2011, 2,100 people had returned under this program. Entrepreneurs are much more willing to move back permanently; the academics and scientists in the program prefer short term visits and are reluctant to sail to China with all their belongings.
So, why do the scientists and academics not return permanently, and what must the Chinese leaders do?
If China wants to bring back the best, it needs a fundamental reform of its academic and scientific institutions. Most important, it must weaken the power of academic and scientific administrators. Too much money passes through the hands of these administrators, rather than being distributed through open, competitive, peer-review procedures. Similarly, in many institutions, promotion depends on your relationship with the dean or senior faculty and not your academic pedigree. Returnees, or those who hesitate to return, often say that in China, ―personal relationships are too complex‖ – a code for the backstabbing and petty jealousies and the need to cultivate ties with leaders in your own field.
Not all institutions suffer from these foibles. Shanghai Jiaotong University has blind votes for tenure decisions; senior faculty get only one vote and no veto.
Nationwide, more and more funding is being allocated on a competitive basis. Moreover, people in the next generation of leaders advocate more ―relaxed, tolerant and lenient‖ institutions.
Today, China's leaders recognize the dilemma: Chinese who went abroad for PhDs, and have since become leaders in scientific and academic institutions overseas, will not return unless the system changes. The lack of reform, not funds offered by the state, determines where the really talented will settle.
Unit 12 A Bang for the Buck A. Vocabulary 1. Mr. Scrooge was very ______ with his money so was rarely seen buying anything from the street shops. a. trendy b. frugal c. athletic d. organic 2. My brother loves to buy the latest ______ because he says they are so cool and useful. a. cash b. sources c. surveys d. gadgets 3. The puppies at the city shelter were so cute that we decided to ______ two of them. a. adopt b. survey c. rely on d. account for 4. Some people ______ their yearly bonus to buy expensive products such as large appliances. a. survey b. rely on c. increase d. snap up 5. One ______ of global warming is that the overall temperature of the Earth has risen in the last few decades. a. source b. indicator c. survey d. pocket 6. Companies will often ______ shoppers to ask them about the products they like. a. survey b. source c. indicate d. adopt 7. ______ fruits and vegetables have become increasingly popular since they don’t contain chemicals. a. Trendy b. Frugal c. Cutting-edge d. Organic 8. The newest smartphone uses ______ technology to charge its battery. a. frugal b. cutting-edge c. organic d. athletic B. Grammar 9. As a student you usually need ______ on a small weekly budget. a. get by b. getting by c. to get by d. gets by 10. I’m goi ng to have a small snack ______ me ______ until dinnertime. a. tides / over b. to tide / over c. tided / over d. tiding / over 11. I usually ______ and compare prices before making any large purchases. a. shop around b. shops around c. shopped around d. shopping around 12. If I ______ multi-millionaire I ______ travel around the world in my private jet. a. was / will b. am / would c. were / will d. were / would 13. If I ______ you weren’t feeling well, I would have canceled our date. a. had known b. have known c. were to know d. was to know
UNIT 2 英国人的谨慎和礼貌 在许多人看来，英国人极为礼貌，同他们交朋友很难。但愿下列文字能够帮助你更好地了解英国人的性格特点。 对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。一个谨慎的人不太会和陌生人聊天，不会流露出太多的情感，并且很少会兴奋。要了解一个谨慎的人并非易事；他从不告诉你有关他自己的任何事，也许你和他工作了几年，却连他住在哪儿，有几个孩子，兴趣是什么，都不知道。英国人就有类似的倾向。如果乘公共汽车去旅行，他们会尽量找一个没人坐的位子；如果是乘火车，他们会找一个没人的单间。如果他们不得不与陌生人共用一个单间时，那么即使火车驶出了很多英里，他们也不会开口交谈。一旦谈起来的话，他们不会轻易问及像“你几岁？”或者甚至“你叫什么名字？”等私人问题。像“你的手表是在哪儿买的？”或者“你的收入是多少？”这样的问题几乎不可想象。同样，在英国，人们交谈时一般声音都很轻、很有节制，大声谈话会被视为没有教养。 在某种程度上，不愿意与他人交流是一种不幸的品质，因为它可能会给人造成态度冷淡的印象。而事实上，英国人（也许除了北方人）并不以慷慨和好客而著称。而另一方面，虽然谨慎使他们不易与人沟通,但他们内心还是很有人情味的。如果一个陌生人或外国人友善地将这种隔阂打破那么一会儿，他们可能会满心欢喜。 与英国人的谨慎紧密相连的品质是英国式的谦逊。在内心深处，英国人可能比任何人都高傲，但是当他们与别人相处时，他们十分看重谦逊的品质，至少要表现出谦虚的样子。自我标榜会被认为没有教养。让我们假设，有一个人非常擅长打网球，但如果有人问他是否是个优秀选手时，他很少会说“是”，不然，人们会认为他很高傲。他可能会作出类似这样的回答，“不算太差，”或者“嗯，我非常喜欢网球。”这样的自我贬低是典型的英国式的。而且当这一品质与他们的谨慎混合在一起时，常常形成一种漠然的气氛，这在外国人看来难于理解，甚至令人恼火。 著名的英国人的幽默感也是大同小异。它的出发点是自我贬低，它的最大对手是高傲，它的理想境界是自嘲的能力——嘲笑自己的错误、自己的失败和窘境，甚至自己的理想。在英国，人们非常看重幽默感，常常能听到“他一点幽默感都没有”这样的批评。幽默感是一种对生活的态度而并非仅仅是开玩笑的能力。这种态度决非残酷、不敬或是怀有恶意的。英国人不会嘲笑一个跛子或者疯子，也不会嘲笑一个悲剧或者一次可敬的失败。同情心或者对艺术技巧的崇敬比嘲笑的份量重得多。 同幽默感一样，运动员精神是英国式的理想，这一点并非所有的英国人都做得到。必须认识到，现代形式的运动几乎都是英国人发明的。拳击、英式足球、网球以及板球都是在英国首次组织并且制定出规则的。规则是运动的精髓，运动员精神是指按照规则从事体育运动的能力，同时也表现在对对手的慷慨大度，以及失败后的良好心态。此外，运动员精神作为一种理想模式也普遍适用于日常生活。其中最基本的生活规则之一就是“不打跌倒的人”。换言之，就是不要利用别人的不幸。英国的男孩子常常在相互交往中把这种运动员精神表现得淋漓尽致。 英国人的另一特点就是礼貌。总的来说，英国式的礼貌习惯都不很正式。所有的礼貌都是建立在这样的基本原则之上：为别人着想，同时也认可别人对你的关心。在麻烦别人时，如：从某人前面经过，或者打断某人的谈话，或者向陌生人请教问题时，要先说“对不起”，为给对方带来的不便预先道歉。“抱歉”一词表示对意外打扰或者违反礼仪的歉意。如果有人提出或者暗示某个要求，如：“我可以借你的钢笔吗嘛？”或者“现在几点了？”或者“还有七码的鞋吗？”，而你无法满足这种要求时，也要说“抱歉”而不是“不”。“请原谅？”是用来要求别人重复所说内容时的礼貌说法。在英国，除了在学校，人们在请求发言时，不再用“请”这个词。在国外非常普遍的词组“不，请”，在英国本土听起来却会很别扭。“好
英语泛读教程1第三版答案unit1-3 Unit 1 Text: Invented Words A. d B. 1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.b D. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.b Fast Reading: 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.d 11.d 12.b 13.b 14.a 15.a Home Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.d 8.a 9.d Unit 2 Text: The English Reserve and Politeness A. b B. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.a D. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c Fast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.d Home Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.d Unit 3 Text: Bursting the Magic Bubble A. d B. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.c D. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a Fast Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.d Home Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.b 8.d 9.b
Unit 1 Text: A. d B. 1. c 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. c, 7. a 8. c 9. d C. 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. d Fast Reading: 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. c 11. c 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. d Home Reading: 1. d 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. d 10.c Unit 2 Text: A. d B. 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. c, 7. a 8. c C. 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. a Fast Reading: 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. d 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. d Home Reading： 1. c 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. d 7. d 8. d 9. d 10. b 11. b 12. a Unit 3 Text： A．c B．1．c 2．d 3．b 4．c 5．c 6、d 7．c 8．c 9．b 10.d 11，d 12．c C．1．b 2．a 3．a 4．d 5．b 6．a 7．a 8．d 9．a 10．a Fast Reading： 1．b 2．c 3．c 4．d 5．b 6．c 7．b 8．a 9．c 10．c 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.d 15.b Home Reading： 1．c 2．d 3．c 4．b 5．b 6．a 7．d 8．b Unit 4 Text： A．c B．1．b 2．d 3．c 4．d 5．c 6．b 7．d 8．b 9．d 10．c C．1．a 2．a 3．b 4．d 5．a 6．d 7．b 8．d 9．c Fast Reading： 1．c 2．c 3，d 4．a 5。b 6．b 7．d 8、b 9．c
【Lesson 1 Good News about Racial Progress The remaining divisions in American society should not blind us to a half-century of dramatic change By Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom In the Perrywood community of Upper Marlboro, Md.1, near Washington, D.C., homes cost between $160,000 and $400,000. The lawns are green and the amenities appealing—including a basketball court. Low-income teen-agers from Washington started coming there. The teens were black, and they were not welcomed. The homeowners? association hired off-duty police as security, and they would ask the ballplayers whether they “belonged” in the area. The association? s newsletter noted the “eyesore” at the basketball court. But the story has a surprising twist: many of the homeowners were black t oo. “We started having problems with the young men, and unfortunately they are our people,” one resident told a re porter from the Washington Post. “But what can you do?” The homeowners didn?t care about the race of the basketball players. They were outsiders—in truders. As another resident remarked, “People who don?t live here might not care about things the way we do. Seeing all the new houses going up, someone might be tempted.” It?s a t elling story. Lots of Americans think that almost all blacks live in inner cities. Not true. Today many blacks own homes in suburban neighborhoods—not just around Washington, but outside Atlanta, Denver and other cities as well. That?s not the only common misconception Americans have ab out race. For some of the misinformation, the media are to blame. A reporter in The Wall Street Journal, for instance, writes that the economic gap between whites and blacks has widened. He offers no evidence. The picture drawn of racial relations is even bleaker. In one poll, for instance, 85 percent of blacks, but only 34 percent of whites, agreed with the verdict in the O.J. Simpson murder trial. That racially divided response made headline news. Blacks and whites, media accounts would have us believe, are still separate and hostile. Division is a constant theme, racism another. To be sure, racism has not disappeared, and race relations could —and probably will —improve. But the serious inequality that remains is less a function of racism than of the racial gap in levels of educational attainment, single parenthood and crime. The bad news has been exaggerated, and the good news neglected. Consider these three trends: A black middle class has arrived. Andrew Young recalls the day he was mistaken for a valet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. It was an infuriating case of mistaken identity for a man who was then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. But it wasn?t so long ago that most blacks were servants—or their equivalent. On the eve of
U1 Part A: c Part B: c, d, d, a, d, c, a, c, d Part C: b, b, d, d, a, d, c, b, d, d Fast Reading (P8) c, d, b, c, a a/d, a, c, d, a c, c, b, c, d Home Reading (P15) d, b, b, a/d, c, b, a, b, d, c Extra Passage for Careful-Reading A, C, D, B, B, C 1. [A]【定位】第2段第3句。 【解析】根据原文该句母亲所问的问题可以推断母亲接到电话的时候，第一个反应是“担心”，因此本题应选选项A。本题最具有干扰性的是选项C，suspicious和第2段最后一句中的suspect属于同一个词族，但要注意的是，在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思，而不是“怀疑”的意思，而suspicious只有“怀疑的、可疑的”意思，这样来看就知道选项C不符合原文的内容了。 2. [C]【定位】第4段最后两句。 【解析】可以说，母亲的朋友也应该是老年人，他们应该也像母亲一样很少能和儿女聚会，由此可推断，他们认为作者通过邀请母亲吃饭而表达对母亲的爱，作者这样做让他们很感动，因此本题应选选项C。作者和母亲的晚餐聚会发生在原文提到impressed这个动作之后，而原文没有提及在聚会之后朋友们的感觉，因此选项A是不正确的；选项D是几乎每个父母都有的感觉，朋友们不可能因此而感动。 3. [D]【定位】第5段第2句。 【解析】从原文前5段的内容可以推断母亲觉得自己像第一夫人是因为她那天很高兴，能和儿子一起吃饭让她觉得很得意，而且也以儿子为荣，因此，本题选择选项D最合适。我们可以用另一个方法快速锁定正确答案。原文该句中的as if 表示一种感觉，在四个选项中，只有选项D中的felt表示感觉，其他三个选项的动词都用于描述现实，在这种情况下，即使选项C中的important在现实中也可用来形容当第一夫人的感觉，也可以马上排除了。 4. [B]【定位】第8段第1句。 【解析】原文该句中的recent events表明母亲在吃饭时谈起的是最近发生的事，在4个选项中选项B提到的时间是最近的，因此选项B为本题答案。选项C的memory与第6段末句中的nostalgic意思相关，但原文该句只表明母亲想起了过去，但不一定在吃饭时就“主要”谈起过去，因此选项C是不正确的。 5. [B]【定位】第9段和最后两段。 【解析】从第9段的I'll go out with you again可以知道母亲在提出请儿子吃饭时，她还是想着自己一定会去的，根据倒数第2段最后两句和最后一段的哲理可以推断母亲当时提出邀请是因为她也要让儿子知道她很爱他。由此可见，本题应选选项B。倒数第2段第5句表明母
several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible could never recall his whole dream， only remembered that someone was running after was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati， believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad also found that after having a good dream，people feel more ,dreams can have harmful or beneficial a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our say there are many ways to do can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our practice helps us to stay in we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the should also try to remember an important word or picture from the image makes the rest of the dream easier to longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Cartwright is a dream researcher， has developed another dream therapy for changing to ,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next second step is to identify what it is about the dream that makes you feel bad-for example，weak instead of strong，or out of control instead of in control. Next，stop any bad do not have to continue your bad dream，because you are in last step is to change the negative part of the you may have to wake yourself up and change the dream before you return to times it is possible to change the dream while you are still asleep. By using dream therapy，Joseph was able to change his ,his bad dreams stopped
高等教育出版社刘乃银主编 《英语泛读教程（第三版）》第三册 练习答案（1-5单元） Unit 1 Text: Invented Words A. c B. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.c D. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.b Fast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.c Home Reading: 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.b Unit 2 Text: The English Reserve and Politeness A. b B. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.a D. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c Fast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.d Home Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.d Unit 3 Text: Bursting the Magic Bubble A. d B. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.c D. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a Fast Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.d Home Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.b 8.d 9.b Unit 4 Text: Seeking Steady Arm to Lean On A. c B. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.c D. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.d 11.b 12.c
教学日志
Unit 1 Love Step one: Reading skill on Page 7 ①subheading: a title that divides part of a piece of writing into shorter sections小标题 subtitle: a second title which is often longer and explains more than the main title.副标题 ②preface: an introduction at the beginning of a book, which explains what the book is about or why it was written. 序言 ③index: an alphabetical list that is printed at the back of a book and tells you on which pages important topics are referred to 索引 indices ④glossary ⑤appendix: extra information that is placed after the end of the main text 附录; a small closed tube inside your body which is attached to your digestive system阑尾 pend=attach depend on ⑥bibliography bible ⑦supplement: an additional section, written some time after the main text and published either at the end of the book or separately(书籍的)补编，补遗，附录 Step two: Background information about Text in Unit 1 Some poems that sing high praise for love
Dreams：making them work for us several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible dream.Joseph could never recall his whole dream，though.He only remembered that someone was running after him.Joseph was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati，Ohio.He believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping minds.When Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad dream.He also found that after having a good dream，people feel more optimistic.Clearly,dreams can have harmful or beneficial effects.As a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad dreams.When we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our dream.Researchers say there are many ways to do this.We can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our day.This practice helps us to stay in charge.When we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our dream.Dream researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the dream.We should also try to remember an important word or picture from the dream.This image makes the rest of the dream easier to later.The longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Dr.Rosalind Cartwright is a dream researcher，too.She has developed another dream therapy for changing dreams.According to Dr.Cartwright,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your own.The first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next morning.The second
Unit2 劳拉·英格尔·威尔德写了很多书,讲述她在荒野里的生活。本文是从中选出的一个真实故事。1872年，她们全家住在威斯康辛州大森林边儿上的一幢小木屋中。方圆几里之内没有一户人家，也远离所有的城镇。一天，她父亲外出，荒野中只剩下她们母女四人。晚上，来了一只大熊，她们该怎么办呢？她们最后会安然无恙吗？请看下面的故事。 一天, 爸爸说春天来了。大森林中的雪已经开始融化。雪块儿从树枝上掉下来，落在下面松软的雪堆上，形成一个个小洞。午间的时侯，屋檐下所有的大冰柱在阳光下颤动闪烁。在冰柱尖儿上，一颗颗小水珠摇摇欲坠。 爸爸说，他得去城里一趟，卖掉他一冬捕获的兽皮。一天晚上, 他扎了很大一捆毛皮。毛皮太多，爸爸把它们紧紧捆在一起时, 这堆毛皮几乎和他一样高。 清晨, 爸爸把这一大捆毛皮背在肩上, 向城镇出发了。因为毛皮太多，他没有带枪。 妈妈很担心。但爸爸说，如果日出前就出发，并且快些走，他可以在天黑前赶回来。 最近的城镇也很远。劳拉和玛莉从没见过城镇, 也没见过商店。她们甚至从未见过两幢连在一起的房子。但是她们知道城里有好多的房屋, 还有一家满是糖果、印花布和其他神奇东西的商店。在那里可以买到火药、子弹、盐和糖。 她们知道，爸爸会用毛皮从镇上的店主那儿换回漂亮东西的。整整一天,她们等着爸爸给她们带回礼物。太阳下沉到树梢上, 冰柱上的水也不再往下滴, 她们开始急切地盼望着爸爸的归来。 太阳已经不见了, 森林也渐渐暗了下来, 爸爸没有回来。妈妈准备好晚餐, 摆好了桌子, 爸爸还是没有回来。到了平时干杂活的时间, 他依然没有回来。 妈妈说,劳拉可以和她一起去挤牛奶, 因为劳拉可以帮忙提灯笼。 劳拉穿上了外套, 妈妈帮她系好扣子。妈妈点燃了灯笼里的蜡烛, 劳拉则戴上了她的红色手套。两只手套由一根红纱绳连着, 挂在脖子上。 能去帮妈妈挤牛奶，劳拉感到十分自豪。她小心翼翼地提着灯笼。灯笼壁是用锡皮做的, 上面有一些豁口，以便烛光透出来。 劳拉跟在妈妈身后向牲畜棚走去。一路上, 灯笼里透出点点烛光,在她身周的雪地上跃。夜还不是太深, 森林里已经暗下来。铺满白雪的小路隐隐泛着灰色的光，夜空中悬挂着几颗暗淡的星星。看上去，这几颗星星还不如灯笼的微光那么温暖明亮。 劳拉看到“棕色奶牛苏凯"的身影立在棚场门口时, 不禁吃了一惊。妈妈也十分纳闷。 这样的早春时分，还不能放苏凯出去到大森林吃草。它通常住在牲畜棚里。不过，天气暖和时, 爸爸也会把棚门敞开, 好让它到棚场里活动活动。妈妈和劳拉看到它正站在栅栏门后等着她们。 妈妈走到门口, 试图推开门。但是因为苏凯挡在那儿，门无法完全打开。妈妈说：“苏凯, 到一边去！”她把手伸过门去, 拍了拍苏凯的肩膀。 这时, 跳动的灯笼光恰好照亮了栅栏间的缝隙。劳拉看到杂乱的黑色长毛, 还有两只发亮的小眼睛。 苏凯的毛又短又薄, 而且是棕色的。苏凯的眼睛大而温和。妈妈说：“劳拉, 走回屋里去！”
第一单元：梦想的阴暗之面 艾力克斯? 哈利 许多人怀有美好的愿望，期望能成为作家，但是能够梦想成真的人不多。艾力克斯? 哈利也想成为作家，可是他成功了。阅读下面这篇文章，看一看他成功的原因。 许多青年人对我说，他们想成为作家。我一直鼓励这样的人，但是我也向他们解释“成为作家”和写作之间存在着巨大的差别。多数情况下这些年轻人梦寐以求的是财富与名誉，从未想到要孤身一人长久地坐在打字机旁。“你们渴望的应该是写作，”我对他们说，“而不应该是当作家。” 事实上，写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作。有一个被命运之神垂青的作家，就有成千上万个永远无法实现梦想的人。即使那些成功人士也经常受到长久的冷落，穷困不堪。我便是其中之一。 我放弃了在海岸警卫队做了二十年的工作，为的是成为一名自由撰稿人，这时，我根本没有前途可言。我所拥有的只是一位住在纽约市的朋友，乔治? 西姆斯，他和我是在田纳西州的赫宁一起长大的。乔治为我找了个家，位于格林威治村公寓大楼中的一间腾空的储藏室，而他是那幢大楼的管理员。房子里冷嗖嗖的，没有卫生间，不过这没什么。我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己颇象一位名符其实的作家。 然而，大约一年后，我的写作生涯依然没有任何起色，我开始怀疑自己。卖出一篇小说是如此艰难，以至我几乎填不饱肚子。但是，我清楚的是我想写作，我已梦寐以求了许多年。我并不准备成为一名到死时还在想假如的人。我会坚持把我的梦想付诸实践-- 即使这梦想意味着不稳定的生活和对失败的恐惧。这是希望的阴暗面，任何心存梦想的人都必须学会在这阴暗面下生存。 后来有一天，我接到了一个电话，由此改变了我的一生。这并不是一位代理人或编辑打来电话，主动要求与我签大的稿约。恰恰相反-- 是一声鸣笛，诱使我放弃梦想。打电话来的是海岸警卫队的老熟人，现在在旧金山。他曾经借给我几美元，喜欢催我还给他。“我什么时候才能拿到那十五美元，艾力克斯？”他逗我说。 “等我下一次卖出作品吧。” “我有个好主意，”他说，“我们这儿需要一位新的公共信息管理员，年薪六千美元。若想干，那就是你的了。” 年薪六千美元！这个数目在1960年可真是值钱啊。我可以有一套上好的公寓，一辆二手车，可以还清债务，也许还可有些结余。另外，我还可以业余写作。 当这些美元在我的脑海里晃动时，某种东西却使我神志清醒起来。我的内心深处升起一个坚强的信念。我曾经梦想成为一名作家-- 一名专业作家。那才是我的追求。“谢谢你，但是我不去，”我听见自己在说。“我会坚持到底来写作。” 后来，我在蜗居里踱来踱，开始觉得自己象个傻瓜。我打开橱柜-- 一只钉在墙上的桔黄色板条箱-- 把里面的东西全部弄了出来：两罐沙丁鱼。我把手伸进口袋，只摸出十八美分。我把罐头和硬币一起塞进一个皱巴巴的纸袋中。你看，艾力克斯，我自言自语道，你迄今为止努力的结果都在这里。我不知道，自己是不是曾经情绪如此低落过。 我希望自己能说，情况马上开始好转。但是并没有。感谢上帝，幸亏有乔治帮我渡过了难关。 通过乔治，我结识了另外一些正在艰苦奋斗的艺术家，象乔? 德拉尼，一位来自田纳西州科诺科斯威尔市的老画家。乔经常常没吃饭的钱，于是就去光顾附近社区的一位屠户和一个食品商。屠户会送给他一些带点肉的大骨头，从食品商那里他可以弄到一些枯萎的蔬菜。