Unit 1. History of medicine
Keys
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.
1. is credited with;
2. are sometimes referred to as;
3. was supposed to;
4. were espoused by;
5. in addition to;
6. was attributed to;
7. categorize;
8. is given credit for;
9. though.
Sentence Simulation
（略）
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluids
in itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads to
different temperaments.
2.In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studied
medicine under his father from his early age.
3.Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cured
diseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells.
4.It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of human
temperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since.
5.Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath on
medical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician revered as "father of medicine” in the West.
6.As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics that
doctors are required to comply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries.
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1. Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching.
2.①TCM can make diagnoses and treat patients without needing a scientific understanding of cause and pathogenesis.②the fundamentals of TCM remain largely unchanged and its theories inexplicable to science.
3.①the methodological quality of trials is low.②Most of these trials are published in Chinese, inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic reviews.③Selective publication of positive trials is another problem.
4. All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (two opposite, complementary, interdependent, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of five basic elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water), and the universe was constantly changing towards dynamic balance or harmony. Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the organism and Yang to functions. There is a circulation of Qi (energy) and blood. The organs work together by regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and collaterals. Disease occurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the organs caused by pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy, lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold). Treatment aims to expel or suppress the cause and restore balance.
Unit 2 Health professionals for a new century
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1.integration
2.kept pace with
3.adopts
4.In view of
5.effectiveness
6.ultimate
7.acquiring
8.attributes
9.shifts
10.encounter
Translate the following sentences into English.
7.Medical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a comprehensive discipline of
humanities, social sciences and biomedicine.
8.Science and technology development, along with social progress, has put forward higher
demands and greater challenges on higher medical education.
9.Medical education is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as well
as a comparatively high cost and a long training cycle.
10.It is the main task of medical schools to train good doctors needed by the people.
11.The objective of clinical medical education is to train capable and well qualified academic
doctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of knowledge.
12.The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students' initiative and
enthusiasm to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and practice.
13.In spite of its great progress, our country’s medical education still fails to keep pace with
social progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and health
reform.
Translate the following passage/sentence into Chinese.
1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。第一个时代始于20世纪初，注重教
授科学课程。大约于20世纪中期，第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。现在，我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革，通过调整核心专业技能使其适应特定环境，同时借鉴国际化知识，从而提升医疗体系的性能。
2.迁移学习是一种重要成果，其包含了三个基本的转变：从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的
搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策；从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗体系里有效的团队协作；还有，从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整体资源的创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。
3.医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献，然而，自满只会让人
们继续徒劳地采用20世纪的教育策略，而无法应对21世纪的挑战。
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1.Because it is crucial to tackle the obstacles of the 21st century.
2.The outcome-based core curriculum has served as a framework in many countries, and can be
adjusted for specific local needs as postulated by the commissioners.
3.Students participate in an international forum which brings together students of medicine,
nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions (namely, the World Healthcare Students Symposium). The benefits of the annual World Healthcare Students Symposia are for students to learn to understand the different professions and discuss the best ways of effective and fruitful collaboration.
4.The authors think the proposed focus on the implementation of innovative and promising
information and communication technologies merits attention and believe in its potential benefits for the education of medical students. According to the authors, students from low-income countries with a lack of resources can especially benefit from such initiatives as the website Health Sciences Online, although such free initiatives should not counteract the proposal to focus development assistance more strongly on health profes sionals’ education. 5.Yes. Student initiatives have tackled climate change, migrant health, and other issues of
global and national relevance.
6.Overall, medical students worldwide have been playing an active role in implementing the
recommendations of the Global Commission mainly by developing their own outcome-based core curricula and launching an international forum which brings together students of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, among other initiatives.
Unit 3 Health-care system
Keys
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,pliance；
2.disparity；
3.prescribe；
4.maneuver；
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,monplace；
6.underserved；
7.reconcile；
8.fragments；
9.plight；
10.invasive.
Translate the following passage/sentence into English.
1.Many other Americans are denied insurance due to previous illnesses or conditions that
insurance companies decide are too risky or expensive to cover.
2.Health care reform will reduce our deficit by more than $100 billion over the next decade and
more than $1 trillion in the decade after that. So this isn’t radical reform. But it is major reform.
3.An estimated eighty-three percent of people under age sixty-five who are in the United States
legally now have insurance coverage.
4.This year the law will start closing what is known as "the doughnut hole." That is a lack of
Medicare coverage for some drug costs for older Americans.
5.President Obama promised senior citizens that the health care reform will not cut their
guaranteed benefits.
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1－4（略）
5. ①The SARS epidemic and rising public discontent generated the political will to fundamentally reform the system, including a partial resumption of central management of public-health services and a major reallocation of central resources to address inequities in health. ②The outcome of these post-SARS reforms remains uncertain, but there are reasons for optimism.(a) Central funding is supporting the re-introduction of a New Cooperative Medical System in rural areas and a parallel programme for the uninsured in urban areas that plans to achieve universal coverage by 2020. (b) China can accomplish in health care reform. The exemplary national monitoring system for infectious diseases implemented after the SARS epidemic (which provides real-time reports of cases across the country) and the effective public-health response to the earthquake in Sichuan are examples
6. The most important task ahead is to focus attention and resources on improving the quality, comprehensiveness, and cost-effectiveness of services.
Unit 4 Cancer and Life
Keys
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1.Eradication
2.Deterioration
3.Withstand
4.Overwhelm
5.Recurrent
6.Prove
7.Outburst
8.Diverge
Vocabulary Enlargement& Reinforcement
1.Routine
2.Advanced
3.Chronic
4.Under siege
5.Physical &emotional
6.Malignant
7.Risk factor
8.Steady decline
9.Affluent
10.Admit
11.Severely weaken
12.Well up with
13.Recurrence
14.Undergo
15.Outlines
16.Gastrointestinal
17.Withstand
18.Chores
19.The unexpected public arising of …
20.Spasms
21.Chronicle
22.Flicker across
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.奥唐奈女士一个月前的例行乳房X光检查并没有显示出肿瘤的迹象。但在夏威夷为期两
周的假期里，肿块迅速生长，因此她回印第安纳州后就马上去看医生。
2.1995年2月奥唐奈女士开始化疗，做了两次手术，包括乳房切除，并于1995年8月完
成化疗。她现在被认为是治愈了。
3.当夫妻二人有人对奥唐奈女士的治疗感到恐惧害怕时，他们会向对方要求一段时间不谈
癌症，可能持续一小时或一天，在此期间，他们同意谈话不涉及她的健康危机。
4.他们意识到夫妇两人共同的路突然分开了。他们经历同样的事情，但却有了完全不同的
感受。
5.但他发现，他的信仰——不仅是宗教信仰，也包括对婚姻能承受长期压力的信念——正
受到考验。
6.他们夫妻所经历的困难被公诸于众，甚至仅是在她朋友圈中公开，但这不期意的公开，
令奥唐奈女士感到震惊。
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1．Long before cancer could ever be detected by current imaging scans or blood tests, the new way to find cancer earlier is to find an ultra-early indicator of the disease: substances in blood platelets that indicate cancer is in the works. The platelet substances are a so-called biomarker of cancer----characteristics in bodily fluids that can indicate the presence of disease.
2．Location of the specific cancer. If you don't know where the cancer is----if you can’t feel it, see it, locate it, or biopsy it----you can’t treat it.
3．Statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. Increased cholesterol levels have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and statins are therefore used in the prevention of these diseases.
Research has found that statins are most effective for treating cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention), with questionable benefit in those without previous CVD but with elevated cholesterol levels. Statins have rare but severe adverse effects, particularly muscle damage, and some doctors believe they are overprescribed. The best-selling statin is atorvastatin, marketed as Lipitor (manufactured by Pfizer) and Torvast. By 2003 atorvastatin became the best-selling pharmaceutical in history, with Pfizer reporting sales of US$12.4 billion in 2008. As of 2010, a number of statins are on the market: atorvastatin (Lipitor and Torvast), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altocor, Altoprev), pitavastatin (Livalo, Pitava), pravastatin (Pravachol, Selektine, Lipostat), rosuvastatin (Crestor) and simvastatin (Zocor, Lipex) Several combination preparations of a statin and another agent, such as ezetimibe/simvastatin, are also available. ( https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,/wiki/Statin)
4．This discovery pushes the issue of early detection further than ever before. In effect, it could allow cancer to be treated similarly to the way doctors now treat heart disease. Just as doctors prescribe statin drugs to help prevent heart attacks in patients with high cholesterol, oncologists could test patients for this early biomarker and prescribe drugs to help prevent cancer. And just as cardiologists don't have to wait for a heart attack in order to act, oncologists wouldn't have to wait until malignant tumors are found. Drugs in this case would be used to stop the cancerous process itself -- rather than targeting a tumor in a particular part of the body. The marker could also potentially be used to monitor patients who had already had cancer for the earliest signs of recurrence.
5．Advantages: ①The new, less-toxic cancer treatment (So-called smart drugs such as Gleevec, Tarceva, Iressa and Erbitux)target only cancerous cells, and have less toxicity than standard chemotherapy regimens.②These targeted therapies, which can sometimes be taken for years, have in many cases turned cancer into a manageable chronic disease, similar to the way diabetes is treated. ③Drugs could be used to stop the development of blood vessels in the cancer process itself, before the tumor even has a chance to grow.
Disadvantages: ①It isn’t clear yet what drugs would be given in the preventive step. ②Such efforts are still in very early stages, and more research needs to be done to see that drug treatment offers people the chance of improved survival outcomes.
6．The usefulness of the marker still needs to be validated in trials involving cancer patients, before it could be used in clinical settings. And some observers note that the cancer biomarkers discovered so far can have problems, such as false positives. Even with the widely used PSA test, doctors still can’t tell whether a high reading indicates cancer or a benign condition without doing a biopsy. “Very few biomarkers have really stoo d up against rigorous testing in a clinical setting,” （says Sudhir Srivastava）
Unit 5
Text A
Language focus
中译英：
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,an transplantation is an accepted treatment today for many patients with
end-stage disease.
2.China has made selling of organs illegal as of July 2006 and claims that all
prisoner organ donors have filed consent.
3.Both the source and method of obtaining the organ to transplant are major ethical
issues to consider, as well as the notion of distributive justice.
4.It is now possible to transplant organs from animals into people.
5.In addition, the importance of various recipient characteristics to post-transplant
survival isn't fully understood.
6.Israel is to become the first country to give donor card carriers a legal right to
priority treatment if they should require an organ transplant.
Text B
1.The report highlights the fact that many medical and financial practices still
mitigate against the efficient identification and recruitment of organ donors.
2.As a result, waiting lists for renal transplantation continue to rise, putting
increasing pressure on dialysis budgets.
3.the working party recommends several initiatives to address the current shortage
of donors, including interventional (elective) ventilation, greater use of non-heart beating donors, better training of staff, and better transplant coordination.
4.Spain itself attributes this success to its transplant coordination network, which
has a different philosophy from that in Britain.
5.The report highlights the inadequacy of Britain's current transplant coordinator
network and emphasises that a major expansion of coordination is “one of the most important and urgent needs.”
6.After a diagnostic review, areas of weakness can be identified and the
appropriate management and educational changes introduced.
Unit 6 Doctor-patient relationship
Text A
Language Focus
Sentence Simulation
（略）
Translate the following passages/sentences into Chinese.
1. 我刚将椅子拉近一点，突然，她像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去，我差一点被她抓到。
2. 父母两人都非常尴尬，充满歉意。
3. 我竟喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西，而对她父母却毫无好感。在接下来的“战斗”中他们越来越难堪，被摧垮了，直至精疲力竭。而出于恐惧，这个女孩对我的抗拒达到了发疯狂暴的惊人地步。
4. 在这种时候，谁都会叮咛自己，无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢的举动，也要违背她的意愿来保护她。这样做也是为了保护其他孩子，同时这也是一种社会需要，事实也确是如此。然而由于释放体内能量的欲望而产生的一种盲目的无法控制的狂怒和一种成年人的羞耻感，使我一直坚持到最后。
Essay Writing
（略）
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1.The underlying reason might be that having to take her daughter to hospital for treatment has
been a miserable experience.
2.The most common childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a form of leukemia, or
cancer of the white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts.
3.The purpose for the author and her daughter to visit the doctor this time was to have the port
removed. The treatment for Michelle’s disease had concluded as a medically rousing success.
4.The anesthesiologist was tall and red-headed. He looked pale, exhausted, and had bags under
his eyes. Also, he was kind, caring and considerate. As the author put it, the anesthesiologist not only practiced the mechanics but the art of medicine.
5. A lot of things came into the author’s mind after her daughter drifted off with the gas. She
thought of the tired residents who had been so tender with her fragile child, her daughter’s stolen childhood, the many times she carried her daughter to hospital to be hurt, the fact that she had recently learned that safe sedatives were often used to prevent children’s pain and terror during procedures, but they were not offered at their clinic. Besides, she felt grateful because her daughter was alive and most probably would grow up, marry, and have her own babies some day.
6.To make Michelle feel better, the anesthesiologist talked gently to Michelle, used gas for
anesthesia to avoid pokes, allowed Michelle to pick her favorite flavor of gas, let Michelle play with the bubble-gum mask, explained what was going to happen, promised her the port, and whispered to her calling her a beautiful small bear to her delight.
Unit 7 Medical Research Ethics in China
Language focus
Text A
选词填空
1.momentum （动力）翻译：日益增多的国际药业和科学机构资助合作科研，要求对涉及
人体的研究进行伦理审查。
2.protocols (议案) 翻译：现在，中国政府加大了对研究的资助，对国内研究方案的伦理
审查要求也越来越高了。
3.codes；issued （准则；公布）翻译：当前多数医学伦理审查准则，包括中国卫生部07
年公布的准则，都是建立在尊重个人自主选择权、受益和公平三大原则基础上的。
4.arise (vi.)（引起，产生) 翻译：在贫穷地区开展大规模药物试验，要考虑公平问题。
5.coexist （共存）翻译：中国传统伦理强调的是社会和谐，而不是个人利益，强调尊重个
人自主选择的医学科研伦理审查，是否可能与传统伦理共存呢？
6.adherence to （遵循）翻译：中国伦理强调为他人着想，而非死守着笼统的道德原则。
7.at play; rise (n.) （生效的；兴起）翻译：随着文明社会的逐渐形成，国内一些组织倡导
保护研究中的受试者，但同时也存在着损害受试者人权的各种力量。
c.f. arise（vi.）产生，例：The problem arose simply because you didn’t follow my instruction.
rise (vi.) 升起，例：The flag rises slowly.
arouse (vt.) 引起，例：arouse the interests of sb.
raise (vt.) 提起，例：raise the bucket
8.lies in (lies in sth./ doing) (在于) 翻译：对受试者最大的威胁是对潜在危险的忽视与不作
为。
9.standardised (Br.) / standardized (Ar.) （标准化）翻译：中国在全球医学和科研界中的重
要性逐渐增加，三大原则基础上的伦理审查将会将会更完善。
10.vigilant (derivation from “vigil”) （谨慎的）翻译：相要保护受试者的权益，关键在于对
医学研究进行严谨的规范，而非讨论外国伦理原则和中国传统伦理哪个更适合中国的国情。
句子翻译
1. 在中国，应用这种三大原则的医学科研伦理审查面临着两大难题。第一，中国传统伦理强调的是社会人际关系的和谐，而不是对个人权利至上的维护。
2. 医学和医学科研中以经济利益为主导动机的活动越来越多，经济利益之间的冲突也越来越多，经济利益的考虑大大超越了伦理的考虑。这些变化不但表现为医学科研界、药业界和出资机构忽视伦理的趋势，也表现在受试者和政府相关部门中本应以保护受试者安全为首要责任的利益相关者的行为上。
3. 当前中国既有公民社会和非政府公益性组织大力倡导保护受试者的伦理要求，也有损害受试者基本权利的各种力量，认识到这种冲突对于保护受试者的安全至关重要。
TEXT B Fresh Thinking about the Declaration of Helsinki
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1.Since the conception of the declaration, much has been changed in the nature of research and
bioethical thinking. However, public confidence in research is at an all time low, and the current model and traditional ethical tools fail to meet their objectives.
2.The declaration’s objectives were to protect human subjects in research. The framework of the
declaration has been criticized as being paternalistic and for failing to address the full scope of ethically responsible research.
3.Basic ethical principles in the alternative comprehensive framework proposed by the author
can collectively inform, support, and direct all aspects of research. It broadens the scope of ethical research beyond that of the behavior of the individual investigator to include the full range of stakeholders.
4. A rethinking of the concepts of autonomy, justice, vulnerability, and benefit.
5.The root of injustice is inequalities in power structures, resources, and knowledge, which are
particularly acute in resource poor countries. To reduce inequalities in researches, a research model should be set up, in which the subjects should be seen as partners.
6.An ethically responsible research must be proactive, dynamic, universal, transparent
responsive, and consultative. Most importantly, it should inspire researchers to approach research in an ethically responsible manner.
7.No, they are not almighty because there are also social problems. Regulations are only
instruments and can not achieve their objectives in isolation from an ethical social culture.
Unit 8 Publish or Perish
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1.planting;
2. bring to light; shaping;
3. highlight, push, promote;
4.synthesize;
5.cracking down on;
6.disclosure;
7.involvement;
8.ties, on;
9.demonstrate;
10.sorting through.
Sentence Simulation
（略）
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. She was intrigued and more than a little suspicious.
2. This assistant professor at a fairly high-powered academic university had many first-author publications in high-quality journals and demonstrated academic productivity.
3. She was frightened and didn't realize that her so-called intimate friends had gotten her into such hot water that it could have potential implications for her promotion.
4. The Physician detailed the benefits of the therapy while minimizing its risks.
5.Ghostwritten articles skewed the medical literature by injecting a marketing spin that benefits the sponsor.
6. The cynical injection of marketing messages into the scientific literature sounds outrageous, but abuses common in academic publishing set the stage.
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1. Like other customs, authorship is usually not determined by explicit criteria and not "discussed in polite company." Coupled with parallel trends toward greater numbers of authors being included on manuscripts and increased collaboration across disciplines, young scientists these days often find themselves involved in complicated negotiations with other academics over authorship.
2. Several phenomena, including the use of co-authorship or several first authors, honorary authorship, and ghost authorship, are likely to increase the complexity of these negotiations.
3. When a medical writer is hired to write up the study, or an individual made contributions that
merited authorship but is not included in the list of authors, ghost authorship occurs.
If the ghostwriter, or the named authors, haven't understood the underlying experiments and may be unable to explain or defend them to other scientists, scientific dialog with the authors is threatened. Additionally, because the process of reducing the work to writing forces the investigator to more closely examine the study and often gives rise to refinements, much can be lost by farming out the writing, including reducing the academic training opportunities for the student or postdoc authors. Ghost authorship leads to less accountability for the data and its interpretation by diluting the responsibility for the research. It also increases the likelihood and the number of those victimized by fraudulent work.
4. ①For graduate students and even more so for postdocs, the order of authorship can seem to make or break an academic career. ②Many researchers are not aware that different academic fields assign different meanings to the order of authorship. For example, in some fields, the last author spot is customarily reserved for the principal investigator or head of the lab. In others, the department chair holds that spot. In yet others, placement as last author means that that person was the one who had the smallest contribution to the work. ③Authorship placement is often an unspoken tradition.
5. Ombuds are a confidential, neutral, and independent resource for trainees and faculty. As a neutral party, it can help balance the power disparity between the parties and attempt to mediate the dispute. Ombudsmen are frequently asked to help resolve disputes over authorship, particularly disputes over the order of authorship. They may assist the parties in understanding how a dispute arose and how best to consider resolving it.
6. ①Journals request written confirmation or specification of authors' roles and contributions.②Reliance on curriculum vitae to describe one's scientific contributions is reduced for lessening the pressures of authorship. For example, during the job application or promotion process, explanations of precise roles in published research could be included in letters or addenda to the CV.
Unit 9 To Err is Human
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1.ignited;
2. become; alert to; who are committed to;
3. initiated;
4. very;
5. incentives;
6. set, adhere to;
7. urge, to;
Sentence Simulation
（略）
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.Health care quality and patient safety has become a worldwide concern with the frequent
occurrence of adverse medical events worldwide endangering patient safety. The cost incurred for countries, especially developing countries is growing, and how to address patient safety has become a primary focus.
2.Japan is entering the aged society with the elderly over the age of 70 ever increasing. Elderly
people are not swift and fall down easily.More than 80% of our patients aged over 70 were hospitalized after a fall.
3.People's living standards are ever improving as society and economics develop. There is an
ever increasingly urgent pursuit of life and health and growing emphasis on life and health.
Patients expect satisfactory clinical outcomes, even expect an everlasting life. Could doctors make it?
4.Patient Safety Goals has recently been developed by Jiangsu province, the formulation of
which is of vital importance for the strategic development of medical institutions. It can
regulate the behavior of medical personnel and hospital management system. It can also guide the rational use of drugs, devices and science and technology.
5.It is estimated that the number of deaths from medical errors is twice as much as those from
traffic accidents or breast cancer or AIDS-related deaths in the U.S.
6.The highlighted global patient safety challenge is due to institutional inefficiency and poor
healthcare management. The institutional problems must be solved and healthcare management should be strengthened to achieve patient safety and social security
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1. Yes. There are missed opportunities. Institutions are still generally underinvested in patient safety. The federal government's investment in safety through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, for example, is about 1/500th of its general medical research investment, as reflected in the budget of the National Institutes of Health.
2. The results provided by error reporting systems could be used to improve systems or educate health care providers. Hospitalists and health care providers can be encouraged to report medical errors when they learn that their reports made a difference.
3. IT system crashes, faulty systems that actually introduce errors, physicians rebelling against computer interfaces that are not user-friendly.
Health information technology may be useful for:①reducing medical errors by transmitting accurate information electronically and eliminating mistakes due to misreading of doctors’ handwriting ②improving the quality of care by decreasing medical errors and assuring that all health care providers have accurate and timely information.
4. A system that could not assign fault on truly blameworthy errors should be torpedoed. Accountability mechanisms focused on ensuring safer care rather than assigning individual blame is of vital importance.
5.Great efforts should be made in the five major areas related to advancements in patient safety: regulation, error reporting systems, information technology, the malpractice system and other vehicles for accountability, and workforce and training issues.
Unit 10
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.
1. focus on;
2. convinced;
3. quantitative;
4. seduced;
5. yield;
6. decisive;
7. honed;
8. due to;
9. flexible;
10. aspiration.
Sentence Simulation
（略）
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Most young women believe they will achieve a balance between a rewarding career and a fulfilling personal life, despite the economic upheaval and a legacy of corporate culture that favors men, a survey shows.
2. If your job is rightly chosen, it will not only give you a means of sustenance, but also help you escape from boredom and banish from your mind the worry about leading a meaningless life after so many years of higher education.
3. You've accumulated overtime because you were so into the work you were doing that you lost track of time.
4. You have managed to find a balance between work and personal life and it doesn't involve losing too much time with either one.
5. It would seem that their choices to focus on work have left many of them without a family of their own.
6. Compared to women, men attach greater importance to their roles as providers and protectors of their families.
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1.She has achieved pioneering use of mass spectrometry for the study of protein
complexes .
2.Her supervisors were very encouraging to me. They said she would be bored as
a technician all her life. And so she did 7 years of part-time study, which was
fantastic because then she went to Cambridge,
3.As soon as her elder son was born, she just thought, "I'm going to do the very
best as I can and I'm going to stay at home until he's at school."
4.She did work pretty hard at my presentation. Because obviously she was
interviewed alongside current people, what she did is show a lot of interest in the project. And she tried to show a lot of initiative. Eventually she managed to convince people here in Oxford that I could be taken back on as a postdoc.
5.The very hardest thing for she was, when she started to have some success, she
got invited to conferences. It was just an operational nightmare trying to organize cover and people to help during all those times.
6.Women can have a family and still be effective as a scientist, even though at
times it feels as though you're not dedicating enough time. It's not how long you work, it's what you do and how you work that's important.
电大资源网《人文英语（2）》形成性考核册参考资料 《人文英语（2）》是国家开放大学 2017 年春季新开的课程之一，对国家开放大学的文科专业学生进行统一考试。该资料对学生完成学习任务起着一定的辅助作用。电大资源网还有国家开放大学其他课程的参考资料，可以参考。 注：本科目已按字母排版整理成期末考试小抄 作业 1 一、交际用语（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1-5 题：选择正确的语句完成下列对话，并将答案序号写在题前括号内。 1.-Would you like me to help you make a plan for the summer vacation? B - . A.No, I already have my plans. B.I’d love to, but I’m busy today. C.I’m ill, so I shouldn’t go out. 2.-Can I take your order, madam? A - . A.Yes. I’d like an Italian soup to start with. B.Yes, it’s as quiet as we expected. C.No, the price’s reasonable. 3.-What are you going to do in the 2022 Winter Olympics? B - . A.Yes, I have been there. B.I’m going to be a volunteer. C.I am traveling abroad. 4.-I’d like to invite you to my birthday party on Saturday evening. A - . A.Thank you for your invitation. B.I don’t want to join your party. C.I did not go to the party that night. 5.-Do you think you are the suitable person for this position? C - . A.I’m not sure if I will be here for the task. B.I don’t think Xiao Ming is the right person to count on. C.Yes. I’m hard working and I think I am suitable for this position. 二、选择填空（每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 6-20 题：阅读下面的句子，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案序号写在题前括号内。 6.I think I am C for this position. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,plete B. confident C. competent 7. A successful cover letter will make a great B. A.progress B. impression C. contribution 8.Will the AIDS patients benefit A the new drug? A.from B. by C. of 9.You can B some bottles of wine, or some chocolates, or a bunch of flowers. A. bring up B. bring along C. bring down 10.I’m A because there are so many options. I can’t make a decision. A.puzzled B. excited C. depressed 11.If there is any change about the time of the meeting, please notify us C. A.in time B. on time C. in advance 12.There must be something wrong with my computer，C there? A.mustn’t B. needn’t C. isn’t
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.
Unit 1. History of medicine Keys Text A Language Focus Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs. 1. is credited with; 2. are sometimes referred to as; 3. was supposed to; 4. were espoused by; 5. in addition to; 6. was attributed to; 7. categorize; 8. is given credit for; 9. though. Sentence Simulation （略） Translate the following sentences into English. 1.Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluids in itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads to different temperaments. 2.In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studied medicine under his father from his early age. 3.Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cured diseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells. 4.It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of human temperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since. 5.Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath on medical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician revered as "father of medicine” in the West. 6.As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics that doctors are required to comply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries. Text B Answer the following questions according to text B you have read. 1. Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching. 2.①TCM can make diagnoses and treat patients without needing a scientific understanding of cause and pathogenesis.②the fundamentals of TCM remain largely unchanged and its theories inexplicable to science.
Unit 1 TEXT A Language focus Word in use [3] 1.whereby 2. pursuit 3. inhibit 4. maintain 5. patriotic 6. transcend 7. endeavor 8. dedication 9. prestige 10. nominate Word building [4] [5] 1.resultant 2. tolerant 3. pollutants 4. inhabited 5. participants 6. descendants 7. attendants 8. respectful 9. contestants 10. neglectful 11. resourceful 12. boastful Banked cloze [6] 1.eventually 2. premier 3. endeavor 4. bypass 5. handicaps Expressions in use [7] 1. removed from 2. failed in 3. in pursuit of 4. deviated from 5. precluded from 6. triumph over 7. work their way into
8. written off TEXT B Understanding the text [2] CBADBBCD Language focus Word in use [4] 1.indulge 2. propelled 3.aggravated 4.dazzled 5. alleviated 6.renowned 7.eloquent 8. destined 9.scorns 10. Applause Expression in use [5] up 2.in 3.on 4.up 5.to 6.on 7.as 8.out sentence structure [6] He prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute She prefers to be the boss, to be in charge and to organize others rather than be organized by some whom she may not even rate very highly. My brother prefers to take the whole blame himself rather than allow it to fall on the innocent.
13级本科?英语应用基础?考试题 一、Translate the following words into Chinese 1.营养 2.蛋白质 3.淀粉 4.维生素 5.开处方 6.硝酸盐 7.青霉素 8.口渴 9.糖尿病 10.新陈代谢 11.呕吐 12.病毒 13.腹胀 14.肥胖 15.儿科 16.垂体 17.压力 18.关节炎 19.溃疡
20.瘤 二、Reading comprehension Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches. Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it. At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk
Unit 1 part one Angel at Work Ⅰ Reading for information 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A Ⅲ Summary 1.to transcribe his Sunday speeches /too much to handle 2.out of the blue/ share the inspiration 3.deliver the tape personally/the mystery of the arrangement 4.personal contact/spastic 5.asked for reward/full and dedicated Unit 2 part one My Miraculous Life Ⅰ Reading for information 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6 C Unit 3 part one A Thief Ⅰ Reading for information 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C.A 5.B 6 C Ⅲ Summary 1.the ticket counter/a leather coat 2.a cocktail bar/catches sight of a blonde girl/a Travellers Aid counter 3. a magazine/becomes aware of/jostling/blushes
4. lifted/back pocket 5. a front window/hand her over 6. wrong/bolts 7. has stolen Unit 4 part one Escape Artists Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.publishing/overseen 2.procrastinator/affected https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,ziness/desire/consistently/delay 4.funishes/reinforcing/subscribe 5.mismatch/sophisticated 6.solution/deploying/management Unit 5 part one For Big Bruno, a Man We Can Look Up to Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.hard work/pay off 2.Big Bruno/strong in stature/a gentle spirit 3.most patient/slow to get angry/a heart of gold
最新国家开放大学《人文英语（3）》形成性考核册参考资料 《人文英语（3）》是国家开放大学2017年春季新开的课程之一，对国家开放大学的文科专业学生进行统一考试。该资料对学生完成学习任务起着一定的辅助作用。本文库还有国家开放大学其他课程的参考资料，可以参考。 作业1 一、交际用语（共计 10 分，每小题 2 分） 1-5 题：阅读下面的小对话，选择恰当的答语。 1. - It’s raining so heavily outside. I’m terribly anxious about my son’s safety. - . A. Well. I totally agree with you. He is a good boy. B. Yes, it is, and it is very likely to rain tomorrow. C. Don’t worry. He will come back safe and sound. 2. - Linda, what’s wrong with your grandmother? - . A. She is not retired B. She hurt her leg. C. She got a new house. 3. -thank you for your MP4 player. I’ll ask Mary to take it to you soon. - . I’ve bought a new one. A. No sense B. No hurry C. No way 4. - Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? - ？ A. What for B. What is it C. How is it 5. - How about going to the cinema? - . A. Enjoy yourself! B. Good luck! C. Sounds like a good idea! 二、词汇语法（共计划分，每小题 2 分） 6-20 题：阅读下面的句子，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。 6. the birth rate of the county decreases with years. A. extremely B. approximately C. progressively 7. We often compare children flowers. A. with B. to C. in 8. We consider it necessary tom should improve his behavior. A. which B. that C. what 9. I want to know · A. what is his name B. what his name is C. what his name is 10. She chose to be a teacher, but personally I'd to be a caregiver. A. fancy B. prefer C. love 11. Due to the increasing aging population in China, demand the caregivers will continue to rise. A. with B. of C. for 12. An old lady can speak two foreign languages， surprises all the people. A. which B. that C. who
Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
医学专业英语 I. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D (40points) 1. Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A. -ic B. -al C. -ar D. -our 2. Which of the following combining forms means cell? A. -cyte B. cyt/o C. cel/o D. both a and b 3. Which of the following forms means tissue? A. erythr/o B. immun/o C.hist/o D. vascul/o 4. A- means ______. A. up B. down C. apart D. without 5. The suffix -itis means _______ . A. infammation B.inflammation C.inflammazed D. instrument 6. The combining form of radi/o means _________. A. radar B. x-ray C. radio D. both B and C 7. The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutti ng is_____. A. –scopy B. –tome C. –meter D. –graph 8. Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision of ?” A. –tomy B. -stomy C. –tome D. –ectomy 9. A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______. A. electroencephogram B. electromyogram C. electrocardiogram D. ele ctroencephalogram 10. Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____. A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above 11. Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above 12. The combining form meaning “the skin”is _______. A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B and C 13. Which of the following combining forms means blood vessels ? A. vascul/o B. angi/o C. chromat/o D. Both A and B 14. The term meaning “pertaining to secretion”is _______ . A. crinogenic B. endocrine C. crinologic D. endocardial 15. The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as _______.
阅读教程第三册答案 Unit 1 I.Reading for information 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C II. Translation 1.今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境，直面真实的世界。 2.你们即将离开学校，终于可以开始接受教育了。 3.想找到一位保守的教授，那比要找到一个雪人还难。若想挑战一些有关政 治正确性的正统观点，那你将会被冠以一些难听的名号。 4.如果你不相信我的话，那不妨去问一问那些因追随网络公司是通往财富之 路这一理论而破产的人们。现实击碎了他们的梦想。 5.因此，欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。一旦你把那些不切实际的 幻想拒之门外，你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。 III．summary 1.emerge from, face the real world, go about https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,mitment to, benefit from 3.the enjoyment of reading, was associated with 4.reality, theory, realist, in theory 5.wishful thinking, go for, wind up with, twist and turns Unit 2 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5 .B 6.D II. Translation 爱是再简单不过的事，这一观点至今仍然十分盛行，尽管大量事实都对此予以否定。几乎找不到任何一种活动、任何一项事业像爱情这样满怀希望地开始，又频繁地以失败而告终。如果换了别的事情，人们一定会急于知晓失败的原因，思量如何才能做得更好，或者干脆放弃。既然人们永远不可能放弃爱情，那么要战胜失败，似乎就只有一个办法可行，那就是探究失败的原因，进而领会爱的真义。III. Summary 1.a matter of chance, learned about 2. is based on , primarily, how to be loved 3. assumption, the right object 4. leading to, initial excitement, permanent state 5. theoretical knowledge, the mastery of the art Unit 3 I.Reading for information 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C II. Translation 1.莫顿把《纽约时报杂志》小心地放在腿上，转过那张精致而清瘦的脸对着那 人，脸上带着腼腆、歉意的微笑，像在指点学生的错误一般对那男人讲道理。 2.他那傲慢的话音里透着威胁。
to Exercises Key to Exercises Lesson1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.B 5.A 6.C7.B8.B 3.(1)shield(2)playing(3)shield(4)personal(5)social (6)political(7)family(8)colleagues(9)stimulate 4.(1)blackboard(2)unconscious(3)time (4)ancestors(5)parents(6)reinvent B.Reading Strategies 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B10.A Lesson2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,prehension Check 1.A 3.C 4.B 5.A7.C8.B 2.(1)defines(2)failures(3)successful(4)beliefs 6.(1)picture(2)performing(3)replace(4)self-image (5)line(6)potential(7)short-change(8)better B.Reading Strategies 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C10.A Lesson3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.A 3.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A 4.(1)cultivate(2)granted(3)investigate(4)explore (5)major(6)exploration B.Reading Strategies 1.normalized 2.membership 3.threatening 4.publication 5.novelists 6.persuasion 7.personality 8.pressure 9.reluctance10.justify Lesson4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4813719588.html,prehension Check 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 1.(1)crush(2)Brazil(3)intelligent(4)knockout B.Reading Strategies 1.distinguishable 2.psychological 3.effective 4.insistent 5.various 6.skinny 7.delightful 8.gloriously 9.financial10.amazing
英语课程的工具性和人文性 今天学习了第一模块：国家《英语课程标准》的基本理念。倾听了教授相关的视频讲座，更进一步加深了对新课标的理解。新一轮课程改革对英语教育教学理念产生了重大影响，最主要的一点是：明确了关于英语课程的功能的新理念：“义务教育阶段英语课程具有工具性和人文性双重性质”。 义务教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是：通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言运用能力，促进心智发展，提高综合人文素养。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面整体发展的基础之上。语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础；文化意识有利于正确地理解语言和得体地使用语言；有效的学习策略有利于提高学习效率和发展自主学习能力；积极的情感态度有利于促进主动学习和持续发展。这五个方面相辅相成，共同促进学生综合语言运用能力的形成与发展。 以语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五个方面共同构成的英语课程总目标，既体现了英语学习的工具性，也体现了其人文性；既有利于学生发展语言运用能力，又有利于学生发展思维能力，从而全面提高学生的综合人文素养。 义务教育阶段的英语课程具有工具性和人文性双重性质。就工具性而言，英语课程承担培养学生基本英语素养和发展学生思维能力的任务，即学生通过英语课程掌握基本的英语语言知识，发展基本的英语听说读写技能，初步形成用英语与他人交流的能力，进一步促进思维能力的发展，为今后继续学习英语和用英语学习其他相关科学文化知识奠定基础。就人文性而言，英语课程承担着提高学生综合人文素养的任务，即学生通过英语课程能够开阔视野，丰富生活经历，形成跨文化意识，增强爱国主义精神，发展创新能力，形成良好的品格和正确的人生观与价值观。工具性和人文性统一的英语课程有利于为学生的终身发展奠定基础。 从《课标》中的这一段话可以看出，关于课程性质具有工具性和人文性这一双重性质的提法，实际上就是素质教育理念在语言课程，尤其是外语课程中的具体落实，它是“又红又专”和“德智体美全面发展”的理念的与时俱进的深化和提高。 新一轮的课程改革更新了我们的理念，要求我们用全新的理念于教学实践中，下面是我结合英语课程的工具性和人文性双重性质设计的一节教案。 Module 10 Unit 2 Jamie is a cook whose ideas are changing school dinners. Teaching steps： Step I .Warming up (Activity1) 1. Revision. What kind of sports/movies do you like? 2. Show an advertisement and some pictures, and guide them to talk about healthy food and junk food. （1.通过谈论图片自然过渡到本单元涉及的饮食话题, 体现了课程的工具性。 2.采用多媒体播放影片和图片,创设英语语境，激发学生学习兴趣，培养观察和表达能力。体现了课程的人文性。） Step II. Reading (Activities 2, 3, 4, 5) 1.Read the passage silently and quickly, answer the question in Activity 3. Check the answers one by one. （通过默读，培养学生抓住文章大意的能力，体现了课程的工具性和人文性。）