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新编英语教程(李观仪)Unit 7 练习答案.doc

新编英语教程(李观仪)Unit 7 练习答案.doc
新编英语教程(李观仪)Unit 7 练习答案.doc

Unit 7 Letter to a B Student

I

1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part 本质,实质,精髓

2. deadly sins: sins leading to damnation (In Christianity the phrase specifically refers to “the

seven sins”: pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth )

3. misleading: making you think or act wrongly 误导,误入歧途

4. conventional task: task traditionally required of students 传统任务

5. in short supply: far from enough 供给不足,缺乏

II

1.define

2.irrelevant

3.correspond to

4.flunked

5.rather

6.makes a point of

7.apt to

8.go round

III Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. His vision was nearly restored to normal after the removal (remove) of the tumor in his brain.

2. The major issue of the conference was how to cope with the severe consequences resulting from the climatic (climate) changes on our planet.

3. This company is in trouble and the latest plan for its salvation (salvage) has few supporters.

4. It is said in the job ad that those who apply for the vacancy should have proficiency (proficient) in at least two languages.

5. Don’t rely on the information she gave you — it’s pure assumption (assume) on her part.

6. The age of college students normally (norm) ranges from 18 to 22.

7. The government’s inaction to curb inflation and unemployment caused strong resentment (resent) among the public.

8. The Sichuan earthquake turned out to be the most disastrous (disaster) one the country has witnessed in the past one hundred years.

IV

B D

C C B

D B D

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing …

Synonym: balanced, compensated

2. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks …

Antonym: unconventional

3. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply.

Antonym: abundant, plentiful

4. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued — and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper.

Synonym: evaluated, assessed

5. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on …Synonym: average

6. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy …

Synonym: essentially, basically

7. But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms …

Antonym: lightly, frivolously

8. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person.

Antonym: temporarily

VI Prefix

Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.

1. interfere international ____

2. transcend ___ translate

3. circumstances ____ circumference

4. neocolonial neoclassical

5. control conform

6. antibiotic antisocial

7. unlock undo 8. outnumber outshine

1. Explanation:

inter-: between

e.g. interaction, interdependent, interconnect

2. Explanation:

trans-: across or beyond

e.g. transplant, transform, transatlantic

3. Explanation:

circum-: surrounding

e.g. circumcision, circumlocution, circumspect

4. Explanation:

neo-: new, in a later form

e.g. neonatal, neo-fascist, neo-Georgian

5. Explanation:

con-: strengthen or reinforce

e.g. convince,constrain, conquer

6. Explanation:

anti-: opposed to, against

e.g. antiwar, antihero, antidote

7. Explanation:

un-: in verbs that describe the opposite of a process

e.g. unfold, unload, unbend, uncut

8. Explanation:

out-: greater, better, further, etc.

e.g. outgrow, outlive, outwit

1. Disjunct

A disjunct is a type of adverbial that expresses information that is not considered essential to the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speaker’s or writer’s attitude towards, or descriptive statement of, the propositional content of the sentence.

More generally, the term disjunct can be used to refer to any sentence element that is not fully integrated into the clausal structure of the sentence. Such elements usually appear peripherally (at the beginning or end of the sentence) and are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma (in writing) and a pause (in speech).

e.g. Honestly, I couldn’t believe it.

Unfortunately, Kim has had to leave us.

I Rewrite the following sentences using proper disjuncts.

1.Unfortunately, we have run out of stock.

2.Hopefully, the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.

3.Oddly enough, he did not raise any objection to the plan.

4.Rightly, you returned the money.

5.Luckily, this had attracted the attention of TV network executives.

6.Fortunately, all went well.

7.Strangely enough, the burglar didn’t take the diamond away.

II

Disjuncts that are used to convey the evaluation of or attitude towards what is said can be subdivided into two types: 1) those that express a judgment on what is being said as a whole and that normally apply the same judgment simultaneously to the subject of the clause, for example, rightly, correctly, justly, foolishly, wisely, cleverly, prudently, rightly and wrongly. 2) those whose judgment carries no implication to the subject of the clause, such as remarkably, amazingly, astonishingly, curiously, naturally, fortunately, happily, thankfully and sadly. Type 1 disjuncts correspond to the clauses It be…that…, It be…of…or to an infinitive clause.Type 2 disjuncts correspond to the clause It be…that…

1. It was right that they protested against it. / It was right of them to have protested (或protest)against it. / They were right to have protested(或protest)against it.

2. It was foolish that the boy didn’t say a single word. / It was foolish of the boy not to have said (或say) a single word. / The boy was foolish not to have said (或say)a single word.

3. It was wise that John sent the man away. / It was wise of John to have sent (或send)the man away. / John was wise to have sent (或send)the man away.

4. It was sad that the storm destroyed the entire tobacco crop.

5. It was remarkable that Mrs. Jensen consulted her lawyer.

6. It is regrettable that James refuses to speak.

7. It is lucky that my assistant has arranged for the matter to be considered by an ad hoc working party.

8. It is hoped that a proposal will be ready in time for our next meeting.

III Relative words

Relative words are used to refer to a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more information. They are used to join two or more sentences in the way we call “relative sentences”.

e.g. I know many boys who / that play rugby.

The shirt which / that Carl bought has a stain on the pocket.

This is the boy whose mother works for the BBC.

Barnstaple has a very old covered market where I bought some lovely old plates.

Sunday is the day when people usually don’t go to work.

If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we usually put it at the end of the clause:

e.g. The music which / that Julie listens to is good.

Sometimes, the preposition can also be placed before the relative pronoun.

e.g. My brother met a woman with whom I used to work.

It was the stream in which the elephant and the mouse preferred to swim.

Notice that we cannot use who or that after a preposition, for the relative pronoun now serves as the object of the preposition.

Key:

1.which / that, when, by which

2.on which

3.that

4.for whom

5.with whom

6.to whom

7.of which

8.at which

IV.

1.where, where

2.what, which

3.what

4.why

5.where

6.When

7.why

8.which, which, what

Key:

1.However

2.Whatever

3.whatever

4.Wherever

5.Whichever

6.Whoever

7.However

8.whenever, whenever

I

1.不管我们的标准是什么,这个标准现在提高了,结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而

感到失望。

2.由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具,我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号,表示对你掌握某

一科目的程度的判断,不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。

3.人的阶段属性和教育背景不尽相同,但凡是人都是血肉之躯,都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉

感,同样的痛苦感和成就感,这些共通的感受把他们连为一体;认识到这一点十分重要。

4.然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比,在校读书就

如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。

III. Translation exercises

1. He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination.

2. As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round.

3. No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point of checking his e-mail inbox before going to bed.

4. Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but governments vary in their way to

handle the problem.

5. Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting.

6. The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.

7. Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.

8. The doctor’s words removed his fears about the operation.

1. Dictation

Professors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, / but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. / A professor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or her differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. / Students must realize / that when a teacher’s role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and a ttitudes. /

2. Cloze

Student life at American universities is chaotic during the first week of each quarter o r semester. Registering (1) for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, (2) adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.

During this busy period there is (3) little time for students to anticipate (4) what they will later encounter in the classroom.

International students, accustomed to their countries’ education expectations, must adapt to new classroom norms in a (5) foreign college or university. Whereas in one country prayer may be acceptable in a classroom, in another it may be (6) forbidden. In some classrooms around the world students must humbly (7) obey their teacher’s commands and (8) remain absolutely silent during a class period. In (9) others, students may talk, eat, and smoke during lectures as well as criticize a teacher’s methods or even contradict his or her statements. It is not always (10) easy to understand a new educational system.

VI Writing Practice

Paragraph development — Classification

In our daily life we are constantly organizing things in one way or another. Classification is the grouping of items into categories according to some consistent principle. Most families of things can be divided or classified according to several different principles. The key to good classification writing is to use a single rule of division for each part. Classification is done of things that belong to one family, things that have something in common, but the purpose of classification is to compare and contrast them, showing their differences, so that the reader might have a better understanding of them. Classification is extensively used in technical writing, but the strategy can also be used for nontechnical purposes. Original and interesting classification for rhetorical effect can surprise the readers and capture their attention.

Words and expressions often used for classification include, among many others, the following: include, comprise, contain, have, be sorted into, be classified into, differ in, be divided into, be a type of, fall under, belong to, be a part of, fit into, be grouped with, and be associated with.

Exercises:Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences with the classification strategy.

1. High school teachers tend to sort their students into the following categories: perpetual studier, average studier, crammer and never studier.

Ideas for reference:

The perpetual studier studies until really late at night.

T he average studier studies sufficiently but doesn’t work more than necessary.

The crammer studies only when the threat of taking that class over is very great.

Sample:

The perpetual studier is a rare breed indeed. They usually write about three pages of notes a day regardless of how much material the teacher covers. They don’ t talk to anyone except to answer questions. When a perpetual studier goes home, before he does anything else, he takes out all his books and begins studying for the classes that he has the next day. He studies until really late at night, stopping only once or twice for a quick snack. The majority of students fall into a category called the average studier. This person studies sufficiently but doesn’t work more than necessary. When he studies for a test, he will look over the notes taken, reread appropriate pages in the textbook, and study with a friend sometimes. Overall, he may put in anywhere from two to six hours a day studying during the week leaving Friday and Saturday for his social life and then spend from four to eight hours studying on Sunday. The third type of studier is the crammer. This type of person studies only when the threat of taking that class over is very great. When he studies for a test, he doesn’t begin until the night before or the morning of the test. He spends most of his time doing anything that doesn’t have to do with school. Their homework is last on their list of things to do. But before they do such a deed, they will rack their brains trying to think of something else to do. Cleaning the room even takes precedence over homework — not to mention sleep. It can be argued, of course, that there should be a fourth category — the never studier, one who quite literally never studies not even at the very last minute. But then, this person doesn’t remain classified as a student for very long.

2. In Shanghai, the most popular English language examinations include, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, Interpreter Certificate, TOFEL, and IELTS.

Ideas for reference:

There are regional differences between the five tests.

The five tests differ in their compulsoriness.

Testees are also divided on the purposes for which they take the five tests.

Sample:

In Shanghai, the most popular English language examinations include, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, Interpreter Certificate, TOEFL, and IELTS. There are some differences between these tests. The first three, TEM 4 (short for “Test for English Majors Band 4”), TEM 8 and Interpreter Certificate, are domestic tests, and among them Interpreter Certificate is a local one, peculiar to

the city. Both TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and IELTS (International English Language Testing System) are international tests, organized by the American and British educational authorities respectively. The five tests differ in their compulsoriness. The first two are compulsory: almost all college English majors are required to take them; the other three fall under the optional group. Besides, testees are also divided on the purposes for which they take the five tests. They sit in the two mandatory tests for their bachelor’s degree, while the Interpreter Certificate is popular because it helps when a holder of it is looking for a job. Unlike them, participants in the two international English tests are usually planning to receive higher education in English-speaking countries.

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