2018年寒假语法篇
一、感叹句
1.感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，
2.感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语How+形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语
What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatfineweatheritis!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
【说明】在感叹句中，Whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。what是用
3.
4.
二加：how。
6.________wonderfulideas!
7.________lovelythebabyis!
8.________coldweatheritis!
9.________cleverboy(heis)!
10._______interestingfilmthisis! 16._______badweather!
17._______cleverchildrenallofyouare!
18._______importantnewsthatis!
19._______timeflies!
20._______beautifulflowersyouboughtme!
把下列句子改为感叹句：
1.Howlazytheboyis!
2.Whatanexcitingmovieitis!
3.Whatdeliciousapplestheyare!
4.Howpurethewateris!
5．Whatacarefulwomansheis!
6．Theyarerunningfast.
7．Hersisterisaverylovelygirl.
选择题：
1._____________finetheweatheris!a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
2.______foodyou’vecooked!a.Howaniceb.Whatanicec.Howniced.Whatnice
3._____________greatfuntheyhad!a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
4.____________heavyrainitwas!a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
二、宾语从句
1
2
1
that“是否”
2
Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你该依靠谁.
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.
3）连接副词主要有when,where,why,how等，在从句中充当状语。
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyou gettothenewhotel? Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则：
看这个引导词的具体词汇意义；
看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。
3、动词的宾语从句
1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
2.）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout. Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句
makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
4、介词的宾语从句
5
6、if,whether
②whether
7
1
2
语序安排,
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
???A.whendoeshecome??????B.howwillhecome??C.ifhecomes???????D.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
???A.howdidhemend???B.whatdidhemend???C.howhemended??????D.whathemended
4.Iwanttoknow_________.
???A.whomisshelookingafter???????B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking?????D.whomsheislookingafter
5.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
???A.whatistheirstockingsin????????B.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsin??????D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
???A.whatdoesChristmasmean?????B.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoes?????D.whatChristmasmeans
11.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___________dictation?today.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
12.Ihardlyunderstand.__________hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
13.Theydon'tknow???__________?theirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
14.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.that
B.how
C.what
D.if
15.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）
16.—
19.—
A.／
20.—
—
23.Idon’tknow
24.____Tom
LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
宾语从句基本讲解与练习 宾语从句小口诀 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； if/whether,引，一般疑问句陈述句转that 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、概念宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起到二、连接词 在从句中不。that在非正式场合that可以省略)1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that ( 充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。没有人告诉杰克第二天有班No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn't pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, 从句做宾语的动词有：that1】可跟【拓展等。agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定expect think, believe, suppose, 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是
时，常把否定转移至主句表示。我认为他不会在会上发言的。I don't think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.so等后，可用等动词以及I'm afraid 【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 代替一个否定的宾语从句。代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not eg: --- Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？ --- I believe so. 我相信会。 我相信不会。I don't believe so. (或I believe not.) --- 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语引导的宾语从句, whether或if 2. 以。或whetherif在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”从句，从句是陈述句语序。He asked me if he might use my knife. →He asked me. ？eg: “May I use your knife” 】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人1【注意1 称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行
知识点总结 一、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： 1）What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！或是：What+名词词组+主语+谓语！如：What a fine day it is! 2）What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！例如： How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! 注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs! 3、what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。（具体见下）如：What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice present!（省略it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） 二、祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形，句尾用感叹号或句号。 1、肯定结构: 1）动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2）Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2、否定结构: 1）don't+动词原形+其他。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2）Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。 3）有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 常见考法 对于感叹句和祈使句的考查，常会出现在单选和完成句子中，主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。 典型例题：You should not talk in class.(改写同义句） in class. 解析：本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知，这是建议对方不要做某事的，应该用祈使句。
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
宾语从句 一、考点、热点回顾 （一）宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从 句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe？ He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the bus stop is？ I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. （二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo？ Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station？ 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.
感叹句结构及用法 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、由"what"引导的感叹句： "what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如： ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句： "how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如： ① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ ② How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如： ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略 去不讲。 如： ① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ ② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ ③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解(第2套) 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
外研版英语【初中英语】宾语从句难点讲解练习 一、初中英语宾语从句 1．— Do you know ______, Jack? — Because she missed her parents and went to see them. A．why Ann flew to England B．why does Ann fly to England C．why Ann flies to England D．why did Ann fly to England 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你知道安为什么飞往英国了吗，杰克？——因为她想她的父母了，她想去看望他们。 根据句子结构可知，本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的结构是引导词＋陈述句语序，即：主语＋谓语＋……，所以排除B/ D，再根据答语中的missed可知，应该用过去时，所以选择A。 【点睛】 宾语从句的考查中引导词的确定要根据上下句句意来确定，然后引导词后要加陈述句，即主语＋谓语＋其他，本题根据答语中的because确定引导词why之后，要知道后接陈述句语序，再根据时态的判断可知，应该选择A。 2．--Excuse me, I wonder _____ I can pay for the new shoes? --You can pay by using wechat or Alipay（支付宝）. A．whether B．when C．how D．why 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：打扰一下，我想知道我怎样才能买这双新鞋？——您可以使用微信或支付宝支付。考查宾语从句的引导词。A. whether是否；B. when什么时候；C. how怎样、；D. why为什么。根据答语You can pay by using wechat or Alipay（支付宝）.可以推断，设空处是询问方式的，结合选项可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。 3．— Could you tell me ________? I must find him. — Sorry. I have no idea. But he was here just now. A．where Tom was B．where Tom has gone C．where can I find Tom D．where Tom has been 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你能告诉我汤姆去哪儿了吗？我必须找到他。——对不起，我不知道。但他刚才在这里。本题主要考查宾语从句。根据语境，你能告诉“我”汤姆在哪里吗。where 引导
感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what 或 how 引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如：① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ ② What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ ④ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ ⑥ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ ② How nice the pictures ar e! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ ④ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ ⑤ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are!
【英语】初中英语定语从句及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、定语从句 1．According to the survey, women ________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than ________who don’t. A． who； that B． /； these C． who； those D． / ； / 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意为：据调查，每天喝超过两杯咖啡的女人比那些不喝咖啡的女人患心脏疾病的机会大得多。根据语境可知，本题考查的是定语从句的引导词和代词的用法。在定语从句中，引导词由先行词而定，who的先行词指人。此外，这里指的是“喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的那些女人”的比较，代词应用those，表示同名同物，故应选C。 考点：考查引导词和指示代词的用法。 2．-----Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there? --------- Yes, he is Mr. Green, our P.E. teacher. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】D 【解析】 who代指the man引导定语从句。整句理解：你认识那边读书的那个男士吗？是的。他是我们的体育老师，Mr Green.所以选D. 3．The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A．who is singing B．is singing C．sang D．was singing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：正在隔壁房间唱英文歌曲的女孩是汤姆的姐姐。 这里使用了定语从句，先行词是the girl，定语从句中缺少主语，用who或that引导定语从句，故选A。 4．–– What are you looking for? ––I’m looking for the book _______ you bought last Sunday. A．who B．when C．that 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：——你正在寻找什么？——我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who引导定语从句,修饰人，作定语从句的主语或宾语；when引导定语从句，作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰事物或人，作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book是事物，作定语从句谓语bought的
宾语从句基本讲解与练习 一、概念 在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。 No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。 Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。 【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice 等。 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.我认为他 不会在会上发言的。
【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。 eg: --- Do you believe he will come 你相信他会来吗 --- I believe so. 我相信会。 --- I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。 2. 以whether或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述句语序。whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。 eg: “May I use your knife” He asked me. → He asked me if he might use my knife. 【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number” He asked me. → He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。
初中英语定语从句 1. 基本知识精讲 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如： This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science. 先行词关系词定语从句 The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 ①I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat.（关系代词作主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 ②The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive. 先行词关系代 词（关系代词作宾语） 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 ③The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother.（关系代词作定语） 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达?布朗。 ④That is the house where my father used to live.（关系代词作状语） 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 一、由关系代词引导的定语从句 英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that 和as。它们的用法如下： 1. who，whom的用法 who 和whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) ②Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁? (作宾语) The young worker who invented this tool is her brother. This is the boy (whom) I helped. 2. which的用法 which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：
宾语从句 (一)宾语从句的种类 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体 中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wan ted to stay at home. She doesn ' t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 禾口连接畐U词when, where, why, how 句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are wait ing for? He asked whose han dwrit ing was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don ' t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否”例如: I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. (二)宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn ' t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we ' ll have the meeting. (三)宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如: I don ' t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway stati on? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，时， 过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was prepari ng for the sports meet. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scien tists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 、典型例题【中考链接】 1. Do you know duri ng the coming summer holiday? A . what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know 引导的宾语从 过去进行
英语中感叹句的用法讲解 一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词(被强调部分)，单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是What an honest girl Mary is!玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！ 1．What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！ 例如: What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！ What an honest girl Mary is!玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！ 2．What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！ 例如: What brave soldiers they are!这些士兵们真勇敢啊！ 1．look at the smog (雾霾). ________bad weather it is! a. How b.how a c.what d what a 2．______ great picture! who painted it? a. how b. what c. how a d. what a 3．--- it’s reported that some famous singers will give a performance in yangzhou. ---wow, ________. a. how exciting news b. what exciting news c. what an excited news d. how excited the news is 4．__________great fun they are having in the sitting room! a. what b. how c. what a d. how a 5．___ nice weather it is! a. what a b. what c. how d. how a 6．—________ hard work it is! —yes, but he seems _____ to do it. a. what a , happy b. what , happy c. what a , happily d. how , happy 7．__________ enjoyable sports news programme on channel 1! a. how b. how an c. what an d. what 8．--- ____ you’ve made ! but you should still work harder. -- thank you , i will . a .what a big mistake .b. how big mistakes c. what great progress d. how great progress 9． ---________ lovely dres s! ---it ________ by my sister. a. how ; makes b. how a; made c. what a; was