Unite 1
{1}Directions
For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury; they must work to____1___. Others face a hard decision. One husband said, “ Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) . We simply couldn’t afford it.” With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.
Economic factors are usually the first to be ___2___, but they are not the most
important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the ___3____ needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.
There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel __4____ if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.
From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now ___5___ more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes. A. needs B. survive C. regret D. emotional
E. considered
F. perceive
G. imprisoned
H. mature
Key:BEDGC
{2}
Every fruit, vegetable, grain and domestic animals we see today is the result of genetic modification.
Biotechnology refines and ___1___ methods that
produce new plants and animals. Biotechnology has a long history of use in food ___2__ and processing. For ten thousand years fermentation, a form of biotechnology has been used to produce wine, beer and bread. Selective __3___ of animals such as horses and dogs has been going on for centuries. The same thing has been done in farming. People have created many local varieties of essential foods such as rice, corn and wheat with improved yields __4___ their wild ancestors.
Today, through newer biotechnology and __5___
engineering, scientists can do even more. They can
1. A. enlarge B. extends C. donates D. recollects
2. A. production B. creation C. invention D. profession
3. A. proceeding B. bleeding C. breeding D. exceeding
4. A. similar to B. compared to C. contrary to D. identical to
5. A. genetic B. energetic C. magnetic D. theoretic
6. A. inherited B. undesirable C. original D. unnecessary
7. A. manner B. possibility C. mode D. means
move one gene, the inherited instruction for specific traits, from organism to another and omit the __6___ traits. This enables food producers to obtain animal and crop improvements in a much more precise, controlled and predictable __7___. The potential benefits of biotechnology are enormous. Food producers can use new biotechnology to __8___ new products with desirable characteristics. These
include characteristics such as disease-and
drought-resistant plants, leaner meat and enhanced
flavor and nutritional __9___ of foods. This technology has also been used to develop life-saving vaccines,
insulin, cancer __10___ and other pharmaceuticals (医药品) to improve quality of life.
__11___, plant breeders were greatly limited. They
were limited to __12__ Traits within the same botanical (植物的) family, such as wheat to wheat. Only pollen (花粉) from a compatible parent wheat could be used to fertilize the
seed-producing plant. The __13___ of traits possible from this combination was limited by these genetic
compatibility barriers. Today, gene __14___ does not have the same limitations. It is not confined within
cross-breeding species __15___ can cross genetic
barriers such as corn to tomato. A gene for a __16__ trait can be identified and transferred from many
sources.
The news doesn’t stop there, however. The work of
researchers in this __17___ had even broader
applications. Modern techniques have been used to
change a trait in its native plant __18___. For example
a tomato transfer can control softening and ripening of
the fruit. Another __19___ is the transfer of modified
forms of plant virus genes to plants to create a plant
with complete resistance to that virus. It is easy to see
how the use of new scientific techniques __20___ much
wider application of nature’s diversity. And it’s exciting
to see how it is improving our lives.
8. A. indicate B. produce
C. display
D. invent
9. A. quality B. characteristics C. quantity D. trait
10. A. remedy B. cure
C. treatment
D. prevention 11. A. On time B. In the end C. In the past D. On the whole 12. A. revealing B. discharging C. establishing D. introducing 13. A. monotony B. reversion C. diversity D. conversion 14. A. transform B. transfer
C. transition
D. transmission 15. A. but B. however C. yet D. and 16. A. lonely B. single
C. unique
D. plain
17. A. topic B. field C. focus D. employment 18. A. structure B. system C. element D. cell 19. A. access B. approach C. application D. invention 20. A. engages B. encloses C. endures D. enables (Key: BACBA BABAC CDCBA BBBCD)
{3} Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. It is test _____ to judge a person’s ability only by the result of his written examinations.
A) loving B) warshipping C) admiring D) worshipping
2. He was ______ murder and sentenced to death
A) accused of B) blamed C) responsible for D) guilty of
3. There are two _____ rooms in this house, which are meant for rent.
A) empty B) vacant C) blank D) unoccupied
4. I am fed up! I’ve been ____ of catching the same bus, doing the same work and meeting the same people everyday!
A) boring B) tiring C) hated D) bored
5. Her way of walking is quite_____ from that of her sisters.
A) distinctive B) clear C) distinct D) unique
6. We made a _____ examination of the jewel before we decided to buy it.
A) little B) small C) tiny D) minute
7. I borrowed a lot of interesting books from the public library for my son in order to ____ his interest in reading.
A) support B) sustain C) carry on D) improve
8. If no one _____, we will have a picnic this Saturday.
A) opposes B) agrees C) objects D) protests
9. Those books I ordered still haven’t come; I will have to ____ the manager about them.
A) chase B) pursue C) tell D) blame
10. If you can’t _____ your absence from the class, you will be punished.
A) prove B) justify C) testify D) explain
(Key: 1-5 D A B D C 6-10 D B C A B)
{4}Directions:Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word forms of the words given in the brackets.
1. To raise the yield of crops, _____ farming is very important. (intense)
2. When people came to get the boy out of the water, he was already_____. (drowning)
3. The bus broke down on my way to school; as a result, I missed Mr. Johnson’s history class, but it was a _____absence. (justify)
4. The tyrant’s _____ enraged all the people in his country and finally a rebellion broke out. (cruel)
5. She owes her success to _____ hard work. (sustain)
6. If no one has any _____, I will declare the meeting closed. (object)
7. The police reported that three men and a woman were involved in the bank _____ last week. (rob)
8. Experts have _____ the possibility of a second earthquake in the area.(count)
9. Those events are just a /an____ memory now.(distinct)
10.Our students are being _____ by his extreme right wing ideas! (contamination)
Key:1,intensive 2,drowned 3,justifiable 4,cruelty 5,sustained 6,objections
7,robbery 8,discounted 9,indistinct 10,contaminated
{5}英译汉
1．They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur .
2．The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.
Key: 1．答案：他们形成自己的风格，为了迅速走红，其经纪人极力吹捧他们这种风格，他们青云直上的过程让人雾里看花。
2．答案：公众对于艺术家们籍以成名的艺术风格以外的任何风格形式完全不屑一顾。
Unit2 {1}
Talent in any age is just as great. Our ___1___ of what talent is may change. It may be ___2___ by time and culture, but the great geniuses never diminish, ___3___ in the public memory. Many greats in the arts were produced in the ___4___ century. And yet few would argue that Charles
Chaplin was probably the ___5___ of all. Charlie, a native of London, was born in
poverty on April 16, 1889 to music hall ___6___. He was a small child when he got his first break by performing ___7___ his mother. She was ___8___ from severe mental illness. Later, half-brother Sydney got him work with the Karno Company. His early work in the US was with Mack Sennet’s Keystone Studio. Sennet was famous for his slapstick (闹剧) comedies which ___9___ chases. With no sound, the visual ___10___ be funny. And it was considered ___11___ to do a pratfall or score a bull’s eye with a “pie -in-the-face”. Comedy required
athleticism, ___12___ to be one of the
greats it required so much more. The greats of the era had trademarks. For Chaplin it
was his Little Tramp . And ___13___, he was one of the first to use the camera fir his
humor —staring into it and ___14___
directly to the audience.
His childhood was filled with ___15___ kind of poverty. And it was this poverty from which he would develop his ___16___ with 1. A. deception B. conception
C. perception
D. reception
2. A. predicted B. influenced
C. involved
D. effected
3. A. except B. unless
C. besides
D. except for
4. A. later B. coming C. prior D. previous
5. A. greatest B. worthiest C. furthermost D. supreme
6. A. producers B. pre-formers
C. performers
D. perceivers
7. A. in spite of B. in place of
C. in terms of
D. in regard of
8. A. suffering B. disturbing
C. distressing
D. experiencing
9. A. resulted in B. resulted from
C. ended with
D. ended in
10. A. had to B. used to
C. seemed to
D. proved to
11. A. ridiculous B. enormous
C. miraculous
D. humorous 12. A. so B. but C. although D. therefore 13. A. in a sense B. in a way C. in addition D. in return 14. A. transforming B. reforming C. performing D. conforming 15. A. the upsetting B. the worst C. the evil D. the awful
16. A. identification B. realization C. classification D. detection
the “little person”. He used the ___17___ of that childhood to create his own style. This style was a(n) ___18___ of comedy and melodrama. And it is ___19___ as “pathos”, a quality that arouses emotions, especially pity or sorrow. It hadn’t ___20___ to many comedians to color their performances with scenes that would tug a t the audience’s
heartstrings. Charlie became the master
and such films as The Gold Rush, The Kid,
and City Lights are considered to be
treasures for just that reason.
17. A. mastery B. mystery
C. misery
D. monetary
18. A. assortment B. combination
C. presentation
D. connection
19. A. regarded B. famous
C. defined
D. known
20. A. considered B. happened
C. reacted
D. occurred
Key: CBADACBADADBCCBACBDD
{2} Directions:
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains ___1___ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low ___2___ unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor in what happens to the individual is the sort of environment he is reared. If an individual is handicapped ___3___, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop. And he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is ___4___.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be ___5___ by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Key: BFCDH
{3} Directions: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences .
1. The schoolmaster ______ the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A) applauded B) applied C) elevated D) exploded
2. Petrol is refined from the ______ oil we take out of the ground.
A) crude B) raw C) coarse D) original
3. The plane was ______ for two hours because of the heavy fog.
A) delayed B) detained C) postponed D) dismissed
4. The students in Prof. Fielding’s class had a/an ______ passion for William Shakespeare.
A) extraordinary B) extra C) special D) ordinary
5. She is so disappointed that it is very difficult to ______ her enthusiasm or ______ her to any action of hope.
A) rouse…arouse B) arouse…rouse C) excite…raise D) raise…excite
A) individual B) differ C) environmentally D) capable
E) able F) intelligence G) reared H) demonstrated
6. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.
A) bumped B) collided C) crashed D) crushed
7. Arriving home, the boy told the parents about all the ______ which occurred in his dormitory.
A) incidence B) matters C) incidents D) accidents
8. To our ______, Geoffrey’s il lness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A) belief B) relief C) release D) anxiety
9. The service is a ______ to those who died for the independence of the nation.
A) memory B) memorial C) monument D) message
10. At first, the seller wanted 150 dollars for the suit, but at last I ______ to 40 dollars!
A) cut it in B) cut it down C) cut it short D) cut it off
11. It is reported that thirty people were killed in a ______ on the railway yesterday.
A) collision B) collaboration C) corrosion D) confrontation
12. In Britain today women ______ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A) build up B) stand for C) make up D) conform to
13. In sharp ______ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.
A) conflict B) contrast C) comparison D) contradiction
(Key: 1-5 A A A A B 6-10 B C B B B 11-13 A C B)
{4}Word Building
1. The statue was erected as a _____ to all the people who were killed in the war. (memory)
2. The new government would immediately _____ the coal and steel industries and the railways. (nationality)
3. The expression on her face was _____ and anxious as I was telling my story. (doubt)
4. She was shocked by the _____ of his remarks. (crude)
5. There’s higher _____ of left-handedness among boys than girls. (incident)
6. It is said that he is an _____ proud person. (immense)
7. My family was _____ at the news of my safe arrival. (relief)
8. Before you set your targets, make sure that they are _____. (achieve)
9. His uncle is the _____ of his mother’s will. (execute)
10. The audience were amazed at the extraordinary _____ of the actors. (perform)
Key: 1,memorial 2, nationalize 3,doubtful 4,crudity 5,incidence 6,immensely 7,relieved 8,achievable 9,execution 10,performance
{5}翻译题
1. It was such a beautiful place that very few can resist the urge to stop and sit in one of the small roadside restaurants and simply soak up the atmosphere.
2. When doing things unjust or immoral, immoralists would do so with the slogans of justice and morality on their lips.
1，答案: 这地方如此美丽，几乎人人都会情不自禁在路边的一个小饭馆坐下，就为了呼吸一下这里的空气。2，答案：无道德的人做不公正或不道德的事时，满嘴是公正和道德的口号。
Unit 3 to 4
{1}Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1. He was driven out of the house by the landlady since he had failed to pay his ______ for two months.
A) bill B) fee C) fare D) rent
2. Once ______ of doping (using excitant), the long distance runner will face a life ban.
A) sentenced B) accused C) convicted D) condemned
3. On this special occasion, we’d love to have Eight Treasure Pudding for ______ which is a specialty in this Chinese restaurant.
A) dessert B) desert C) deserve D) desertion
4. The insurance company paid the Johnsons $ 20,000 in ______ after their house was burnt down.
A) pension B) compensation C) commission D) substitution
5. Some vegetables like tomatoes and carrots are more nutritious while eaten cooked than ______.
A) crude B) originally C) rude D) raw
6. The defending ______ snatched the gold medal by setting a new world record.
A) champagne B) campaign C) companion D) champion
7. More ______ attitudes toward divorce were held responsible for the rise in divorce rate.
A) liberal B) liberate C) literal D) literate
8. You can claim a refund (退款) provided you keep the ______.
A) recipe B) receipt C) label D) cheque
9. The undoubted ______ of the opening ceremony was a grand display of fireworks.
A) height B) summit C) peak D) highlight
10. The babysitter handed the mother a piece of paper ______ that she was in good health.
A) certifying B) justifying C) clarifying D) notifying
11. Businesses ______ in those few weeks; but soon an economic crisis crushed them.
A) thrived B) boomed C) prospered D) flourished
(Key:1-5 D C A B D 6-11 D A B D A B)
{2}Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word forms of the words given in the blankets.
1. The kid’s ______ appetite showed that he had not had a decent meal for days. (wolf)
2. For more professional advice about a healthy weight loss, please consult our ______. (diet)
3. These ______ CD cases are the best seller in this souvenir shop. (hamburger)
4. This ______-brown metal proves to be a good conductor of electricity. (red)
5. With the rise in casualties, another medical team including both ______ and nurses was sent to the earthquake-hit island. (physic)
6. In his latest book, the distinguished British ______ goes back to the 19th century to
uncover the origins of such national extremism. (history)
7. By no means could you expect to fool your boss with such a ______ story. (baby)
8. ______ T-shirts and jeans are all the rage among youngsters this season. (big)
9. Hispanic Americans refer to U. S. citizens of ______ descent. (Spain)
10. In the ______ silence, a whisper may run like sirens. (death)
Key: 1,wolfish 2,dietician 3,hamburger-like 4,reddish 5,physicians 6,historian 7,babyish 8,Biggish 9,Spanish 10,Deathlike
{3}英译汉两句
1．There needs to be lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the client. 2．He had helped me lift the veil that grows so quickly over our eyes in this busy world, to see a whole new realm I’d failed to appreciate before.
1. 答案：真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使福利提供者滥用权利，也很容易使福利救济对象滥用权利。
2．答案：在这个繁忙喧嚣的世界，一层快速形成的遮蔽物遮住了我们的双眼，是他帮我揭开了它，见到了一个以前从未欣赏到的崭新世界。
{4}Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The editors ______ the manuscript to half its original length.
A) condensed B) condemned C) concealed D) concentrated
2. They would receive ______ training under the watching eyes of the government.
A) integral B) intentional C) intensive D) intense
3. Being very hungry, the cat ______ the saucer clean.
A) leaked B) clicked C) licked D) scraped
4. In Chinatown one may buy a scratcher to ______ one’s back.
A) punch B) scrape C) tear D) scratch
5. He ______ every spare minute in trying to improve his mind.
A) invested B) involved C) invented D) integrated
6. CCTV programs are ______ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
A) transmitted B) submitted C) transformed D) switched
7. One of the ______ our students have is a large library.
A) appliances B) facilities C) utilities D) instruments
8. Today, household chores have been made much easier by electrical ______.
A) appliances B) facility C) utilities D) instruments
9. The ______ defense of the country depends on a powerful air force
A) spare B) severe C) serious D) strategic
10. Each coat in the store has a ______ with the price-mark on it.
A) tap B) tag C) sign D) sigh
11. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s ______ policies
A) economical B) economy C) economic D) economics
12. She is an ______ housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply and fairly well.
A) economical B) economy C) economic D) economics
Key: 1-5A C C D A 6-12 A B A D B C A
{5}构词法应用
1. The United States is now considered to be both a military and economic ______ in the world. (power)
2. The film was based on the ______ (自传) of the famous writer. (biography)
3. She placed her house at my ______ during my holidays. (dispose)
4. The local government has given priority to the construction of infrastructure so as
to attract foreign ______ (invest)
5. Malaria is ______ to humans by mosquitoes. (transmission)
6. Computers are not always ______ . (rely)
7. The carpet is six feet in length and four feet in ______. (wide)
8. The child was ______ to be found, and his parent believed he must have been kidnapped. (where)
9. You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to ______ economic growth. (promotion)
10. The union took a ______ decision to sign the agreement. (strategy)
Key: 1,superpower 2,autobiography 3,disposal 4,investment 5,transmitted 6,reliable 7,width 8,nowhere 9,promote 10,strategic
{6}英译汉
1. All these developing regions see advanced communications as a way to leap over whole stages of economic development.
2. Mobile phones have become the rage among businesspeople, who can remain in contact despite the traffic jams.
1．答案：所有这些发展中地区都把先进的通信技术看作一种跨越经济发展诸阶段的途径。
2. 答案：移动电话在商务人士中成为时尚，他们在交通堵塞时也能与外界保持联系。
Unit 5
{1}
1. Employees at ______ posts have to carefully weigh up the employer’s words and closely watch his expression.
A) underestimated B) humble C) modest D) simple
2. Over the years, the dam has ______ the might of the river.
A) tamed B) undermined C) domesticated D) controlled
3. Premier Wen Jiabao’s encouraging remarks ______ confidence in the disaster hit people...
A) insured B) increased C) stirred D) inspired
4. The visitor made an ______ for breaking the vase.
A) appeal B) anthropology C) anthology D) apology
5. In the rainy summer, the wooden bridge became very ______.
A) grassy B) slippery C) smooth D) even
6. The late student ______ in from the back door with breakfast in his mouth.
A) climbed B) crawled C) crept D) peeped
7. After a week’s ______, I found the dog and the cat living in harmony.
A) observation B) conservation C) operation D) obsession
8. The festival was regarded as a ______ occasion when all ordinary works stopped.
A) holy B) hollow C) wholly D) holly
9. Professor Brewer’s books are very ______ and hard to read.
A) abstract B) subtract C) contract D) distract
10. We got lost because the directions to the place of the party were too ______.
我们迷路了，因为有关晚会地点的说明/路线图太复杂了！
A) complex [a.复杂的，n. 复杂物，情节，狂恋症] B) comprehensive [综合的，全面的] C) sophisticated [尖端的，老于世故的，狡猾的] D) complicated [复杂的，难懂的；复杂化的]
固定搭配有：complex sentence 复杂/合句，complex word 派生词，complex ideas/thearies复杂观念/理论，building complex 建筑群
complicated machines/questions/explanations 复杂的机器/问题/解释/说明
Key: BADDBCAAAD
{2}Word Building
1. San Lu Dairy owes its consumers an ______ for making contaminated milk powder. (apologize)
2. I wouldn’t lend him any money, he’s a real ______ guy. (slip)
3. I haven’t started writing the article yet. I’m still waiting for ______. (inspire)
4. There were sharp contrasts between ______ Diana and Prince Charles who was 17 years older than Diana. (prince)
5. I’m afraid we ______ his abilities----he is not competent for the job at all. (estimate)
6. People working for the private mines complaint that they are usually ______. (pay)
7. Everyone felt ______ on hearing the news that many babies had got kidney stones after having the contaminated milk powder. (depress)
8. When I got home, I found everything was in ______ but nothing seemed to be stolen. (order)
9. Luckily, my parents are ______ of my choice of music. (tolerate)
10. The little girl lived a poor and ______ life after her parents died in the accident. (solitude) Key: 1,apology 2,slipper 3,inspiration 4,Princess 5,overestimated 6,underpaid 7,depressed 8,disorder 9,tolerant 10,solitary
{3}翻译：
1. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.
2．Many schools have started conflict resolution programs to calm tensions that otherwise can build up like a volcano preparing to explode ultimately resulting in physical violence.
1. 答案：我们越感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。
2．答案：许多学校都启动了化解冲突的工作项目，以舒缓紧张形势，要不然它们就像火山一样蓄势待发，最终导致侵犯人身的暴力行为。
{4}
1. His views lack ______: one day he is a conservative, the next he is a liberal. (consistent)
2. The case was dismissed because of ______ evidence. (sufficient)
3. They won the battle because of their massive ______ in numbers. (superior)
4. He is thinking of going into ______, trying to become a Member of Parliament. (political)
5. A standard criticism of ______ research is that it tries to prove what most people with common sense already know. (social)
6. The light went out and the entire hall sank into complete ______. (dark)
7. A new _____ of teaching would be carried out in our school next semester. (method)
8. ______ is a branch of science and technology that deals with the behavior of electrons. (electron)
9. The ______ of confidence when faced by difficulties is one of his big problems. (adequate)
10. He told us that he was the ______ of Queen Victoria. (descend)
Key: 1,consistency 2,insufficient 3,superiority 4politics 5,sociological 6darkness
7,methodology 8,Electronics 9,nadequacy 10,descendant
{5} Translate the English sentences into Chinese.
1. The same map, in combination with ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.
2. Activists for native populations fear that the scientists could exploit these peoples: genetic material taken from blood sample could be used for commercial purposes without adequate payment made to the groups that provide the DNA
1. Key: 结合对远古人骨的研究，这一图谱证实了非洲是人类的诞生地，因而也是人类迁移的石始发地。
2. Key: 保护土著人权益活动家们担心科学家可能会利用土著人谋利：从当地人血样中提取的基因物质可被用于商业目的，却不给DNA提供者以足够的报酬。
Unit 6 to 8
{1}
1. The company will its operations next year and open several offices in the region. (center)
2. The company now has three times as many as it did a year ago. (employ)
3. The conflict which lasted for a month has the whole region. (stable)
4. The number of has been on the rise for years now. (divorce)
5. He looked around and knocked on the door. (caution)
6. He was accused of an official and sentenced to 5 years in prison. (bribery)
7. The girl’s family strongly of her marriage to the young men, whom they didn’t like at all. (approval)
8. The news of job cuts made the employees in the office very . (depression)
9. The currency of the country became because of the increasing prices. (value)
10. I used to work as a reporter with that journal. (train)
Key: 1,decentralize 2,employees 3,destabilized 4,divorcees 5,cautiously 6,bribing 7,disapproved 8,depressed 9,devalued 10,trainee
{2}Translate the English sentences into Chinese
1. Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter of slaves. But it fails to register depression with me.
2. We enter charting about any little things that we have in common and the white man would sit calmly in his seat, listening to me with interest
1. 答案: 身边总有人提醒我自己是奴隶的后代，但这并没有使我沮丧。
2. 答案：我们闲谈一些都经历过的琐事，白人会安静地坐着，兴味盎然地听我讲
{3}Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Please the rope.
A) lose B) loose C) close D) rouse
2. It stopped raining the night.
A) among B) for C) during D) past
3. He found a purse and it to the teacher
A) gave B) sent C) supply D) advise
4. He speaks English Chinese.
A) as for B) as if C) as well D) as well as
5. Give me a(n) bottle.
A) vacant B) empty C) eminent D) valid
6. This is only one out of many.
A) sample B) examples C) instance D) instant
7. The balloon until it burst.
A) expedited B) extended C) expanded D) expected
8. It is to dispute about such things.
A) courteous B) funny C) radical D) ridiculous
9. It is for a man to walk in his sleep.
A) abnormal B) usual C) C common D) normal
10. I watched him until he from sight in the distance.
A) vanish B) disappointed C) disappeared D) disapproved
key: BCADBCCDAC
{4}Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. It is necessary to ______ to a rapidly changing society.
A. adopt
B. adapt
C. adhere
D. adept
2. The captain of the ship ______ the passengers that there was no danger.
A. assured
B. ensured
C. insured
D. assumed
3. The young girl managed to ______ from Asia to Europe after she married a French man.
A. emigrate
B. immigrate
C. transfer
D. remove
4. They are trying to ______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.
A) expose B) exhibit C) exhaust D) exploit
5. The dial records very slight ______ in pressure
A) adjustments B) variations C) varieties D) modifications
6. The teacher told the students in her conversation class to ______ their talk to the topic.
A) restrain B) condense C) restrict D) confine
7. If the diver is in deep water, he must come to the surface slowly in order to allow his body to ______ to the change in pressure.
A. alert
B. adopt
C. improve
D. adjust
8. You can rest ______ that we will try our best to help you whenever needed.
A. insured
B. ensured
C. assured
D. reassured
9. When we moved to France, the children ______ themselves to the new surroundings very well.
A. adapted
B. brought
C. received
D. adopted
10. Tom ______ his house against fire.
A. assured
B. ensured
C. secured
D. insured
11. His modest business eventually ______ into a multinational company.
A. expanded
B. extended
C. exploited
D. explored
12. There was a ______ sense of embarrassment in the air.
A. separate
B. distinct
C. distinctive
D. divided
13. Although he is very young, he is ______ at playing the piano.
A. adopting
B. adapting
C. adept
D. adjusting
14. We are dreaming of a life full of change and ______.
A. variety
B. variation
C. adjustment
D. modification
15. As soon as they arrived at the town, they went out to ______.
A. explore
B. extend
C. expand
D. exploit
16. The baby was left ______ to the wind and rain.
A. expanded
B. extended
C. exposed
D. revealed
17. We have been doing a lot of gardening ______.
A. late
B. latter
C. latest
D. lately
Key: BAADBDDCADABCAACD
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labour supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary（金钱的）encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite
2016年6月大学英语四级真题第一套听力原文 SectionA News report 1 The international labor organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number on unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people leaving on less than 2 dollars per day in the past 3 years. The Director-General of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes 4-5 years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labour Organization is proposing a global job agreement to deal with unemployment. “ It ' s key objective is to place the center of recovery efforts, measures will generate h igher levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable. 1、What is the news report main about? 2、What does Juan Somavia, Director-General of the International Labour Organization say? News Report 2 Big fast food chains in New York city have started to obey a first kind of its rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. City Nurses is with New York department of health. “ We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before the y purchase the food and make a decision and informed decision that if they want to make the healthier choice. If they want to eat fewer calories, they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if this has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. ” The new rules will be introduced as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serves standardized potion sizes and have fifty or more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of up to 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent sports on their menus, preferably next to the price. 3. what are big fast food chains in New York city required to do according to the new rule? 4. What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule? News Report 3 Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today, but not many are able to integrate innovation into their business. A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn ' t mean piles of documents, it ' s something more prlaecstiacyasl. mThaenyartic people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it than that. It 'asn attitude of doing thing. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes. The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture, and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “ Corporate Innovation Fund ”
2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(三) Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：2017年6月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。 Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the
（历年真题总汇） 1、背单词的目的是为了考试时做阅读理解速度加快，而不把时间浪费在查字典上。职称英语考试的单词范围与大学英语六级的单词范围几乎相等。但是职称英语考试是可以查字典的，所以没必要对词汇投入太大精力，实际考试时查字典可以让你将词汇题轻松搞定。 2、做模拟题的目的是为了提高对题型的熟悉程度，使自己能尽快进入临战状态，并能随时了解自己的缺陷，以便有针对地提高。职称英语考试与大学英语四六级考试相比，多了阅读判断、段落大意、补全短文三个新题型，这是一定要做模拟题去熟悉的。 2011年12月英语四级考试真题 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I’ve done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentence with the information given in the passage. Why Integrity Matters What Is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards
2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷一及答案(完整版) Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard. 1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter. B)A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife. C)A father's message for his daughter. D)The history of a century-old motel. 2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness. B)She wanted to honor her father's promise. C)She had been asked by her father to do so. D)She was excited to see her father's handwriting. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard。 3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees. B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.
2016年6月大学英语四级真题听力原文(一二三套) 2016年6月大学英语四级真题第一套听力原文 SectionA News report 1 The international labor organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number on unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people leaving on less than 2 dollars per day in the past 3 years. The Director-General of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes 4-5 years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labour Organization is proposing a global job agreement to deal with unemployment. “It's key objective is to place the center of recovery efforts, measures will generate higher levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.” 1、What is the news report main about? 2、What does Juan Somavia, Director-General of the International Labour Organization say? News Report 2 Big fast food chains in New York city have started to obey a first kind of its rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. City Nurses is with New York department of health. “We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision and informed decision that if they want to make the healthier choice. If they want to eat fewer calories, they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if this has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure.” The new rules will be introduced as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serves standardized potion sizes and have fifty or more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of up to 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent sports on their menus, preferably next to the price. 3. what are big fast food chains in New York city required to do according to the new rule? 4.What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule? News Report 3 Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today, but not many are able to
2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套) Part?I? Writing? （30?minutes） Directions:?For?this?part,?you?are?allowed?30minutes?to?write?a?short?essay?on? the?importance of?reading?ability?and?how?to?develop?it.?You?should?write?at?least?120?wor ds?but?no?more?than180?words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part?II ?Listening?Comprehension? (25?minutes) Section?A Directions:?In?this?section,?you?will?hear?three news?reports.?At?the?end?of?each?news?report,?you will?hear?two?or?three?questions.?Both?the?news?report?and?the?questions?wil l?be?spoken?only once.?After?you?hear?a?question,?you?must?choose?the?best?answer?from?the?fo ur?choices marked?A),?B),?C)?and?D).?Then?mark?the?corresponding?letter?on?Answer?Sheet ?1?with?a single?line?through?the?centre. Questions?1?and?2?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 1.A)?The?return?of?a?bottled?message?to?its?owner's?daughter. B)?A?New?Hampshire?man's?joke?with?friends?on?his?wife. C)?A?father's?message?for?his?daughter. D)?The?history?of?a?century-old?motel. 2.?A)?She?wanted?to?show?gratitude?for?his?kindness. B)?She?wanted?to?honor?her?father's?promise. C)?She?had?been?asked?by?her?father?to?do?so. D)?She?was?excited?to?see?her?father's?handwriting. Questions?3?and?4?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 3.?A)?People?were?concerned?about?the?number?of?bees. B)?Several?cases?of?Zika?disease?had?been?identified. C)?Two?million?bees?were?infected?with?disease. D)?Zika?virus?had?destroyed?some?bee?farms. 4.?A)?It?apologized?to?its?customers.? B)?It?was?forced?to?kill?its?bees. C)?It?lost?a?huge?stock?of?bees. D)?It?lost??million?dollars.
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility（能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1.Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes” with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,” she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s stilettos to divert tension away from Labor chaos.” Michelle Dewberry, a former winner of The Apprentice, said the motion was patronizing（自认为高人一等的）. “This is absolutely ridiculous and I think these union officials should be spending their time dealing with more important issues”, she said. “I’m at work in five-inch heels and perfectly able to do my job. Heels are sexy, they boost your confidence and they are empowering to women. I can’t imagine these officials debating a motion about how tightly men should wear their ties. Wearing heels is a personal choice.”