READING SELECTION A
A Case ( reason) for (against) Male Dishwashing
By Page Smith
female
a case (reason) for sth.<->a case against sth.
[1] Recently there has been a great whooping and hollering (noisy argument) over (about) the diminished dignity and importance (status) of the American father.
[2] The poor (pitiful) wretch (fellow/ guy), so the argument goes (says), once the fountainhead of domestic authority, has abdicated (given up), leaving (give/ let) the important child-raising duties to the wife. Pop (father) has become a comic figure (character), ridiculed in cartoons, on TV shows, and in the movies.
[3] Because of Pop's (father’s) deficiencies (deficient/, adj./ incompetence), we are told, the family is in bad shape (condition/ come down in the world), the children (are) undisciplined, the atmosphere of the home (is) anxious and insecure.
[4] As a corollary (Consequently/ As a result) we have Momism -- the overbearing (bossy), overprotective, over-dominant mother who inflicts (impose/ bring about) all kinds of hideous psychic scars on her offspring (children) while Pop watches TV or sulks in a corner afraid to dispute (argue) the authority of his spouse. mother/ mom/ mum/; dominate; scarf
[5] The charge, of course, is not a new one. It antedates (goes before) the republic. George Grenville, Minister to George III, is reported to have pushed the tea tax on the grounds (for the reasons of) that American wives were so addicted to tea drinking that they would never permit their henpecked husbands to ban (prohibit) the stuff. (charge sb. with. sth.=accuse sb. of sth.)
[6] Every school child knows the result of this miscalculation.
[7] Be that as it may (In fact), the symbol of the diminished domestic male has come to be dishwashing. Sociologists (or psychologists, I forget which/ who) and some opinionated (stubborn) laymen have informed (told) us that the washing of dishes by husbands is not only a symbol of domestic servitude, it is undermining (destroying) Pop as a respected "authority-figure (character)" in the household (family). Hence (Therefore/ Thus) the deterioration of the family, hence juvenile delinquency, hence the decline of the republic, etc. All because Pop washed the dishes.
[8] Well, I wish to enter a dissent (argument against it). (inform sb. of sth.)
[9] As a pioneer, indeed a missionary, dishwasher of some (about) fifteen years' standing (on end/ continuously), I can identify (recognize) the source of this propaganda at once. It proceeds (go from) from lazy males who don't want to miss the first few innings of the double-header on TV. The scientific (objective) jargon is just window dressing. (man-dominated-society)
[10] Experience has made it quite apparent (obvious) that (a successful) marriage calls for (needs) maturity and mutual sacrifice. Most of the marriages that fail, marriage counselors tell us, fail because the partners lack such qualities (quality). Dishwashing, by general agreement, is a classic (typical) example of domestic drudgery, a dreary and almost continuous chore. It is, therefore, an excellent task for husband and wife to share as a symbol of "marital mutuality" rather than "distaff dominance".
[11] Every meal that a wife cooks and serves her husband is, if it is prepared with imagination and skill, a genuinely creative act-- a minor (small) work of art -- the meal itself is a kind of love
feast, an offering of the wife's devotion (love). Now do our experts recommend that after such a repast (meal) the husband shuffle, like a dull (uninteresting) brute (beast), into the living (sitting) room to watch the "Perils (Adventure) of Pauline" or to read the comic section (part) of the daily paper while (at the same time) the wife retreats (withdraw) to the depressing disorder of a pillaged (robbed) kitchen, of greasy plates and crusty pots? Is this their prescription for a successful and happy marriage?
[12] No, in this instance (case), as in so many, many others, the experts are wrong. I am not, of course, in a position （ready）to testify as to (about) my masculinity (manliness) or lack of it, but I do know that I am no less masculine as a result of fifteen years of dishwashing. Nor have I observed that parental authority has suffered in any measure (degree).
[13] My children seem, generally speaking (in general), under rather better discipline than the offspring (children) of a former professional football player in the neighborhood who is hairy as a gorilla, spends all his domestic hours gaping at (watching) TV and has never washed a dish in his life.
[14] Moreover (Furthermore), I must state (say) that my dishwashing duties have by no means been an unmitigated (thorough/ complete/ unavoidable) burden. My wife and I have spent many sociable (communicative) hours at the kitchen sink and, I doubt not, discovered some notable (outstanding) things about life and about each other in these nocturnal (at night) dialogues. sexy: slim->masculine; woman
[15] I am foursquare for (stand for/ support) womanly women and manly men. I believe that the world needs the qualities (virtues) of abstract and analytical thought, of imagination, creativity and compromise that are more clearly the attributes (characters) of the male as much as (and) it needs the practical, pragmatic, intuitive, unitary, principled approach (method) of the female. I subscribe to (support) the view (concept) that the best (but certainly not the only) place for the woman is in the home. But then, of course, I like the home and do not view (consider) this as a sentence to jail. (analyze->analysis; win-win situation) (intuition: instinct)
[16] In (At) the home, and within the rough division of labor that is traditional between husband and wife, I believe in the sharing of as many of the more difficult and onerous domestic tasks as possible (especially since the wife often has some outside job as tiring and tiresome as her husband's) just as I believe in sharing the not infrequent delights (happiness) of home. I believe, in short (in brief), in an intelligent mutuality in marriage based on the assumption (belief) that women are not beasts of burden but fellow humans. (believe sb.=I think what you say is true; believe in sth.=behold such belief; basis)
[17] If the husband is the stronger character in the family, he will exercise the authority of the household. If he is not, all the brag and bluster in the world will not make him more than the nominal （honorable）head.
[18] If the wife is the stronger partner, she will dominate the life of the family, although if she is cunning (clever) she may manage to (try) give her husband the illusion that he is in charge. So has it ever been and so will it continue to be. (be in charge of sth.)
[19] The inner masculinity of the American male is doubtless threatened today just as, in many areas of our society, the essential femininity of our women is threatened. But the threat doesn't come from washing dishes. If masculine dignity and authenticity hinge on (depend) washing or not washing dishes, the cause (argument) is lost. Indeed, it was never worth fighting for (975 words);
(inner city; be worth doing/ be worthy of doing)
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Page Smith (1917?) is a university professor of history and a specialist in American colonial history. He is also a frequent contributor to newspapers of articles dealing with contemporary affairs.
EXERCISES
I. Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.
1. According to the author, there has been great concern lately over _____.
A. the complete loss of fatherly authority
B. the decreasing number of American fathers
C. the increasing number of American mothers
D. diminished domestic authority of American fathers
2. "Pop" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.
A. the source of domestic authority
B. American fathers
C. a comic figure on TV shows
D. a cartoon figure in movies
3. Which of the following is not related to Momism?
A. Over-deficient.
B. Overbearing.
C. Overprotective.
D. Over dominant.
4. The word "antedate" in Paragraph 5 most probably means _____.
A. to fall behind
B. to come before
C. to act against
D. to coexist with
5. According to the author, dishwashing by husbands is regarded by some laymen as _____.
A. a symbol of domestic authority
B. a help to family integrity
C. an aid to marital relationship
D. a source of juvenile delinquency
6. What is the author's attitude towards male dishwashing?
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Neutral.
D. Indifferent.
7. According to marriage counselors, which of the following might lead to marriage failure?
A. Lack of mutual sacrifice.
B. Share of domestic drudgery.
C. Dishwashing by males.
D. Domestic dominance.
8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?
A. Every meal that a wife elaborately cooks can be appreciated as a work of art.
B. Every meal that a wife serves a husband is the offering of the wife's devotion.
C. A successful and happy marriage does not depend on who does dishes.
D. Doing dishes harms a man's essential masculinity or his authority in the family.
9. The author states in the passage that dishwashing
A. is no more than an absolute burden
B. has deprived males of many social hours with friends
C. helps to keep their marital life in good shape
D. makes his children better disciplined than before
10. The author agrees with the view that _____.
A. the one and only place for the woman is in the home
B. the traditional division of labor between men and women is biased against women
C. the world needs qualities of males more than those of females
D. washing dishes or not has nothing to do with masculinity or femininity
II. Vocabulary
A. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.
1. If it continues to _____ its responsibilities then the British government must act immediately in its place.
A. testify
B. proceed (continue)
C. discipline(n. vt.)
D. abdicate
2. Just as you do not wish others to _____ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life. (ask for sick leave)
A. inflict (impose sth. on sb.)
B. dispute
C. ridicule
D. antedate (go to an earlier time)
3. She was a tough girl -- determined, arrogant and _____, with light brown hair and quick, sharp eyes.
A. genuine
B. hideous
C. undermining(destructive)
D. opinionated (stubborn)
4. I think feminism is about liberating women from enforced domestic and maternal (distaff, of mother/ related to mother) _____.
A. dissent (<->consent)
B. propaganda
C. drudgery
D. mutuality
5. The children have a more _____ view (opinion), only taking in consideration what will work. (take sth. into consideration)
A. pragmatic (practical, feasible)
B. dreary
C. marital
D. dominant
6. While a quarter of men wash their cars once a week, fewer than one in five women carry out the _____.
A. attribute (features/ character)
B. chore
C. repast
D. jargon
7. If she were rich, that wouldn't stop her (from) caring for children, but she could charge only a(n) _____ fee (fare) to the mothers who badly needed to work.
A. intuitive
B. nominal
C. depressing
D. juvenile
8. We intend to remove the _____ rules and regulations that are discouraging foreign investment in our country.
A. onerous
B. henpecked
C. greasy
D. unmitigated (complete/ thorough)
9. He was a lonely, miserable _____. alone->lonely (adj.)
A. feast
B. spouse
C. wretch
D. dignity
10. This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and _____.
A. femininity
B. prescriptions
C. delinquencies (offense)
D. authenticity (reliability)
B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
subscribe to gape at hinge on layman masculinity
addicted to by no means in short deterioration peril
1. Education has been directed at (aimed at) the production of the rational (wise), the free, the independent of mind, the dignified, in short (in brief), the autonomous human being. (died for the well-being of the people)
2. It is quite common to hear teachers say that they do not subscribe to (support/ believe) any particular approach or method in their teaching but are "eclectic".
3. They nearly (almost) collided and stood gaping at each other. (generation gap/ narrowly escape)
4. The debate should not, however, center on (focus on/ emphasize) cost, but should hinge on (rely on/ depend on) the ultimate (final) benefit to the nation.
6. It is by no means certain that we will be able to move to our new office next spring.
7. I would say that maleness is purely biological, whereas (while) masculinity is based largely on upbringing ( family education/ bring up) and social conditioning (training).
8. I know that if I start watching a soap opera (watch) I immediately become hopelessly addicted to it.
9.There has been a continuing deterioration in the relations between the two neighboring countries. (continue: vt/ vi./ continuous: adj.)
10. The journey through the mountains we took last summer was very exciting but was fraught (full) with perils (dangers). (trip-> journey)
III. Cloze
There are ten blanks in the fallowing passage. Read the passage carefully and choose Men best answer from the find choices given below the passage.
be determined to do sth./ bishop->archbishop
Researchers have determined (=believed) that women use both sides of their brain for listening, 1 men use only one side of their brain, reports Discovery. Com News. In a study, 20 men and 20 women _2 a brain scan while (they were) listening to a tape recording of a book. The brain 3 showed that men listened 4 with the left side of their brain, which is associated with listening and speech. Women, 5 showed activity on both sides of their brain. Dr. Joseph T. Lurito, an assistant radiology professor 6 the Indiana University School (department) of Medicine, says: "Our research suggests (shows) language 7 is different between men and women, but it doesn't _8 mean performance (competence) is going to be different." Other studies seem to 9 that women "can handle listening to two conversations 10 , but it is hard for men to do so", says Dr. Lurito.
1. A. as B. since C. while D. although
2. A. accepted B. received C. understood D. send
3. A. test B. map C. structure D. scans
4. A. mostly B. partly(partially) C. wholly D. scarcely (hardly)
5. A. on the contrary B. on the average C. on a large scale D. at second hand
6. A. by B. at C. for D. on
7. A. processing B. probing C. proceeding(going) D. programming
8. A. finally B. usually C. necessarily D. exactly
9. A. (be) incline(d to do sth.) B. infect C. inherit D. indicate(show)
10. A. at best B. (be) at large C. at once (at the same) D. at heart (heartfelt)
IV. Translation
Put the following parts into Chinese.
1. As a corollary we have Momism -- the overbearing, overprotective, over dominant mother who inflicts all kinds of hideous psychic scars on her offspring while Pop watches TV or sulks in a corner afraid to dispute the authority of his spouse.
因此，自然而然我们就有了妈妈主义——专横跋扈的、过度保护的、过于独裁的妈妈，这样的妈妈只能使其子女遭受各种各样令人惊骇的心灵创伤；而此时，爸爸则在看电视，或悄然隐退到某个角落，惟恐对其配偶的权威性表示异议。
2. Sociologists (or psychologists, I forget which) and some opinionated laymen have informed us that the washing of dishes by husbands is not only a symbol of domestic servitude, it is undermining Pop as a respected "authority-figure" in the household. Hence the deterioration of the family, hence juvenile delinquency, hence the decline of the republic, etc. All because Pop washed the dishes.
社会学家（或心理学家，我记不清了）和一些固执己见的外行曾告诉我们，丈夫刷碗不仅仅是家庭奴役的象征，更损害了爸爸在家庭中作为一位受人尊敬的“权威人物”的地位。因此，家庭生活质量恶化；因此，青少年犯罪问题凸现；因此，社会衰退；如此等等。所有这一切的根源都是因为爸爸刷碗。
3. Experience has made it quite apparent that marriage calls for maturity and mutual sacrifice. Most of the marriages that fail, marriage counselors tell us, fail because the partners lack such qualities.
经验表明，婚姻需要双方的成熟和相互的奉献。婚姻咨询专家告诉我们，绝大多数婚姻的失败，其原因在于双方不够成熟，且缺乏奉献精神。
4. Dishwashing, by general agreement, is a classic example of domestic drudgery, a dreary and almost continuous chore. It is, therefore, an excellent task for husband and wife to share as a symbol of "marital mutuality" rather than "distaff dominance".
刷碗则是公认的繁琐家务的典型例子，是一种枯燥乏味的、几乎无休无止的家务劳动。因此，刷碗是夫妻双方可以共同参与的绝好的工作,它体现的是“婚姻共享”而不是“女性统治”。
5. Every meal that a wife cooks and serves her husband is, if it is prepared with imagination and skill, a genuinely creative act-a minor work of art-and the meal itself is a kind of love feast, an offering of the wife's devotion.
如果妻子为丈夫烹调、准备的每一顿饭，都融入了她的想像和手艺，那这就是真正的创造性劳动——它就是一件小小的艺术品——那么，这顿饭本身就是爱情的盛宴，就是妻子对温馨家庭的奉献。
6. If the wife is the stronger partner, she will dominate the life of the family, although if she is cunning she may manage to give her husband the illusion that he is in charge.
假如为妻的一方更强，即便她很机敏，巧妙地给为夫的造成一种虚幻的假像，似乎他是
一家之主，但真正主宰家庭生活的仍是妻子。
V. Oral Practice and Discussion
1. Whom does "the poor wretch" (Paragraph 2) refer to? And from what position has "the poor wretch" abdicated?
2. What is his opinion towards those men who believe that the deterioration of the family, juvenile delinquency, the decline of the republic is due to Pop's dishwashing?
3. According to the author, what's an intelligent mutuality in marriage built upon?
4. Do you agree that the family deterioration, juvenile delinquency and the decline of the republic are due to Pop's dishwashing? Why or why not?
5. What is your opinion towards domestic chore? How should this dreary and continuous labor be dealt with in the family?
6. What is your attitude towards the increasing divorce rate in China? What is your opinion towards a happy marriage?
VOCABULARY ITEMS
1. whooping: n. loud crying, esp. one expressing joy or excitement大叫，呼喊（尤指表达喜悦或兴奋的）
2. hollering: n.（infml., esp., U.S.）shouting sth.; yelling叫喊
3. wretch: n. very unfortunate or miserable person非常不幸的或痛苦的人
4. abdicate: v. to formally give up power, a high official position, etc.正式放弃（权力，高位等）
5. ridicule: v. to make fun of (sb. /sth. ); mock/ laugh at sb./ sth.嘲弄（某人/某事物）；嘲笑: ridiculous (adj.)
6. corollary: n. natural consequence or result; thing that logically must be so, once sth. else has been established自然的结果，推断
7. overbearing: adj. trying to make (force) other people obey without regard for their ideas or feelings专横的，跋扈的，横行霸道的; bossy (adj.)
8. inflict: v. to cause (a blow, penalty, etc. ) to be suffered (by sb.)遭受（打击，惩罚等）; impose sth. on sb.
9. hideous: adj. filling the mind with horror; very ugly; frightful令人惊骇的；极其丑陋的；可怕的; frighten-> frightened
10. psychic: adj. of the soul or mind灵魂的，心灵的; psychology
11. sulk: v. to be silent or unsociable as a result of bad temper or resentment（因发脾气）不搭理人，生闷气; lose one’s temper; lose one’s mind (reason)
12. spouse: n. husband or wife配偶;
13.antedate: v. to be before (sth. /sb.) in time先于，早于（某事物/某人）; go dating; appointment; ant-: (1)pre-; Prior to sth.; before; (2)against; e.g., anti-Japanese war
14. henpecked: adj. (of a husband) nagged by a fussy and domineering wife（指丈夫）受妻子摆布的，怕老婆的，惧内的;
15. opinionated: adj. holding very strong views which one is not willing to change固执己见的；武断的; stubborn (adj.)
16. layman: n. a person who does not have an expert knowledge of a subject外行，门外汉; green hand
17. servitude: n. condition of being forced to work for others and having no freedom奴役的状况; serve->servant->service; host->slave; slavery; at your service
18. deterioration: n. the state of becoming worse恶化; deteriorate: go from bad to worse
19. juvenile: n. young person who is not yet an adult未成年，少年; adolescence
20. delinquency: n. minor crime such as vandalism, esp. when committed by young people不严重的罪（如破坏公物，尤指青少年所为者）
21. dissent: n. holding opinions which differ from common or officially held ones持有异议（不同于普通的或官方的见解）; consent: vi. agree
22. missionary: n. a person sent to preach usu. the Christian religion, esp. among people who are ignorant of it传教士; mission: task;
23. propaganda: n. publicity that is intended to spread ideas or information which will persuade or convince people of sth.（观念的）宣传；（信息的）传播; pro-: (1)forward; (2)officially
24. innings: n. (in cricket) time during which a team or single player is batting（板球的）局，回合（一球队或一队员击球的时间）; round
25. jargon: n. technical or specialized words used by a particular group of people and difficult for others to understand术语，行话
26. counselor: n. adviser顾问; consult sb. about sth.
27. drudgery: n. hard boring work繁重，乏味的工作
28. dreary: adj. that makes one sad or depressed; dismal; gloomy使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的，忧郁的；阴沉的
29. marital: adj. of a husband or wife; of marriage夫妻的，婚姻的; marry->merry
30. distaff: adj. of the mother's side of the family母系的; staff meeting; stuff (n./ vt.)->stuffy
31. repast: n. meal餐，饭食; in the past (years)
32. shuffle: v. to walk without lifting the feet completely clear of the ground拖着脚步走
33. brute: n. animal, esp. a large or fierce one野兽（尤指巨大或凶猛的）; brutal
34. peril: n. danger; dangerous thing or circumstance危险的事物或环境;
35. pillage: v. to rob (sb. /sth. ) of goods, crops, etc. with violence, as in war掠夺，抢劫（某人/某处的）物品，庄稼等（如战时）; rob sb. of sth.
36. greasy: adj. covered with grease; slippery涂有油脂的，滑的
37. crusty: having or resembling a crisp crust有（或似）脆皮的
38. testify: v. to give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court提供证据；作证（尤指出庭）
39. masculinity: n. quality of being masculine男性，阳性; muscle; a masculine woman
40. masculine: adj. having the qualities or appearance thought to be typical of men有男子特质或外观的；男子气的
41. gorilla: n. very large powerful African ape大猩猩（产于非洲）
42. gape (at): v. to look hard in surprise目瞪口呆
43. unmitigated: adj. (of sth./ sb. bad) having no accompanying advantages whatever (of any kind); complete; absolute（指坏人/坏事）一无是处的，十足的，绝对的; mit-: put; good for nothing
44. nocturnal: adj. of or in the night; done or happening in the night夜间的；在夜间做的，在夜间发生
45. foursquare: adj. solidly based; steady or resolute不动摇的，坚决的; firmly
46. pragmatic: adj. treating things in a sensible and realistic way; concerned with practical results务实的，实事求是地；注重实效的; practical; pragmatics语用学
47. intuitive: adj. of or coming from intuition直觉的；来自直觉的; instinct
48. unitary: adj. 整体的，一致的; uniform
49. onerous: adj. needing effort; burdensome艰巨的；繁重的; tiring->tiresome
50. brag: n. boastful talk or statement大话
51. bluster: n. blustering talk or behavior; noisy but empty threats吓唬人的言语或行为；虚张声势的恫吓
52. nominal: adj. existing, etc. in name only; not real or actual名义上的；不实际的，不真实的; nom=name; honorable
53. cunning: adj. clever at deceiving (cheating) people善于骗人的
54. be addicted to sth.: to be unable to stop taking or using sth. as a habit成习惯而离不开某事物，对某事物有瘾
55. window dressing: presentation of facts, etc. in a way that creates a good (and often false) impression给人良好印象的展示手法（常指虚伪的）; window shopping
56. by no means: not at all绝不，一点都不; What do you mean? a mean person; means of transportation
57. subscribe to: t o agree with; approve of赞同，同意; scribe: n.; sub-/ sup-: under;submit
58. in short: in a few words; in brief; briefly/ to be brief简言之
59. hinge on sth.: to depend on sth. / rely on sb./ sth.依赖某事物
NOTES
1. Grenville, George (1712-1770): English politician. He entered parliament in 1741, held a number of ministerial appointments, then served as prime minister 1763-1765. His policy of taxing the American colonies, initiated by his Revenue Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, started the train （series）of events leading to the American Revolution.
2. George III: George William Frederick (1738-1820) King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820); also elector (1760-1814) and king (1814-1820) of Hanover. The grandson of George II, he ascended the throne during the Seven Years' War.
ascend(t)<->descend(t)
READING SELECTION B
My Wife Belongs in the House
[1] "I've got to talk to you!" Jean shouted, bursting into my office. I spun around, fearing that something terrible had happened. But my wife was grinning. "I'm going to run for Congress!"
[2] Jean then told me the news: Our Congressman, out of the blue, had just announced he wasn't seeking reelection. His seat was up for grab sand she wanted it.
[3] My mind raced. Jean... wife... the mother of our eight-year-old daughter... a member of Congress? But then I thought, well, why not? She was on the town board in Red Hook, our rural New York community. She'd once been an aide to a U. S. Senator in Washington, and, before Chloe was born, had made her mark as a business executive. Sure, this would be the boldest thing she'd ever done, but who was any more qualified? "Okay," I heard myself saying. "I'm on board."
[4] The truth is, I had no idea what we were in for on that. Not that it mattered -- for nothing could have prepared me for the roller-coaster ride ahead.
[5] A few weeks later, Jean strode into the offices of the Democratic Congressional Campaign
Committee (DCCC) in Washington, and made her pitch for funding. You're a great candidate," said a young staffer, barely in his 30s. Jean started to smile. "But you can't win. The numbers are against you." Registered Republicans outnumbered Democrats almost two-to-one in our district.
[6] Still, they told her to go ahead and hire a campaign consultant -- for credibility.
[7]When our guru, Ken Christensen, arrived on the train from Washington, he looked disconcertingly like an undertaker: lean, tense and sweating heavily in a black suit.
[8] He was all business. "You need an office," Christensen snapped. "Give me the keys to your car." Four hours later he had rented space on Red Hook's main street, and was unpacking telephones, fax machines and files from a pile of suitcases.
[9] "How much money have you got?" Christensen asked. Jean had raised about $ 20, 000. She told him how much we had in the bank. "Spend it," he told her.
[10] Jean gulped.
[11] " You've got to raise at least $ 500, 000," Christensen explained," and $ 100, 000 of that in the next two weeks. If not, you're finished."
[12] And so, day after day, Jean sat in a windowless cubicle nicknamed the Boiler
Room, telephoning family, college roommates, friends of mine from high school. The calls were often painfully embarrassing. After chatting amiably with one relative, Jean swallowed and asked for a contribution.
[13] "Why, Jean, don't you know I'm a Republican?" She replied coolly.
[14] "I thought, just for me," Jean said in a small voice.
[15] Nope. Jean shrank inwardly--but kept dialing.
[16] Two weeks after Christensen arrived, my wife emerged from the Boiler Room. "We've done it!" Jean shouted. She'd managed to raise about $ 106, 000.
[17] DCCC party officials were impressed, but even a poll that showed Jean neck and neck with her opponent didn't convince them that she stood a chance. The committee would do little to help her.
[18] I was appalled by their response. Jean's reaction? "I guess I'm really on my own now." She spoke the works softly, but there was a hard glint in her eyes.
[19] My wife now got three hours' sleep on a good night, but bounded out of bed with the energy of someone half her 46 years. She munched barbecued ribs with the American Legion. She marched in the Fourth of July parade in the city of Hudson. Jean even attended a county fair where she was coaxed into a cow-washing contest. The crowd roared as she sponged down a cow covered with mud and manure. "This lets you politicians know what you're in for," a farmer said, chuckling.
[20] On another sunny afternoon, Jean, our daughter, Chloe, and I strode back and forth across our front lawn wearing glassy smiles -- the happy American family -- while a commercial camera crew filmed the scene for Jean's TV ads.
[21] "Look like a wife and mother who just happens to be running for office," the director ordered.
[22] "I'd rather talk about the pollution in the Hudson River," Jean groused.
[23] "Smile harder!" the director yelled.
[24] My main job through all this was to see that Chloe's life was disrupted as little as possible.
I made sure she got to school, had play dates and was fed as well as my limited repertoire allowed (we ate pasta for weeks). After her classes, Chloe and I would go through town putting up "Bordewich for Congress" signs, adding to the thousands that eventually dotted the district.
[25] As the campaign wore on, we saw Jean even less. Often she'd climb into bed at 3 or 4 a m. and start talking animatedly about the health care system or milk price supports. "Aren't you listening?" She'd ask as I snapped awake.
[26] "Of course, dear," I mumbled. "Every word."
[27] By mid-autumn, the campaign was in financial trouble. Jean's opponent, with the generous support he received from the national Republican leadership, would eventually raise almost $ 900, 000 and blanket the district with TV and radio commercials.
[28] But we got a welcome shot in the arm when the area's newspapers almost unanimously endorsed Jean. And with this support came a last-minute surge in contributions.
[29] "You're going to win, aren't you, Mom?' Chloe asked, the day before the election, her eyes wide.
[30] "Yes, I am," Jean replied, feeling in her heart that it had to be true.
[31] It wasn't. Jean would do better than most Democrats previously had, winning 42 percent of the vote. But it wasn't nearly enough.
[32] I was disappointed -- and never more sad than when, on election night, I noticed Chloe was struggling to hold back her tears. I watched as Jean knelt and the two hugged.
[33] Was the grueling campaign worth it? Absolutely. And for this reason above all: Just a few months later, Chloe was sitting in her fourth-grade class when her teacher handed out questionnaires. There, near the top of the sheet of paper, was the question "What do you want to be when you grow up?"
[34] Chloe didn't hesitate. She wrote, "Politician." (1, 058 words)
Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.
1. What made the author's wife decide to run for Congress?
A. She had planned it for a long time.
B. Something terribly happened to the former Congressman.
C. Suddenly there was a vacancy for a Congressman in her district.
D. She had the experiences in elected offices.
2. Which of the following was one of the reasons that the author supported his wife to run for Congress?
A. His wife used to work as a congressman in New York City.
B. His wife used to work in the Senate in Washington, D.
C.
C. His wife used to be a very successful politician.
D. His wife used to be a successful business administrator.
3. By stating "for nothing could have prepared me for the roller-coaster ride ahead" the author means "
A. he didn't expect that the campaign was to meet so many difficulties
B. he didn't know what to do to help his wife in her running for Congress
C. he could do nothing to prepare himself for the difficulties in the campaign
D. he knew it would be very difficult for his wife to win the election
4. According to the young staffer, Mrs. Bordewich had no chance to win the election
because
A. the committee didn't say favorably for her
B. she couldn't win enough votes
C. she hadn't built her credibility
D. the Republic candidate was more popular than her
5. Their consultant from Washington was
A. very enthusiastic about the campaign
B. very professional about the campaign
C. not very interested in helping them
D. asked them to make too much contributions
6. It seemed that many of the family, friends and relatives of the Bordewichs _
A. were reluctant to sponsor Mrs. Bordewich to run for Congress
B. strongly opposed Mrs. Bordewich in her running for Congress
C. were mobilized to help Mrs. Bordewich in her running for Congress
D. made great contributions in Mrs. Bordewich's running for the Congress
7. According to the text, to ensure a victory in an election, it is necessary for the candidate to do the following things EXCEPT _____.
A. winning the support of the majority party
B. raising enough money to sponsor the campaign.
C. building a good image by attending public activities
D. looking like someone who happens to run for the office
8. While his wife was busy running for Congress, the author
A. spent all his time taking care of their daughter
B. were tired of listening to his wife's talking
C. whole-heartedly supported his wife
D. helped his wife ask for contributions
9. Mrs. Bordewich lost in the election because
A. she raised less money than her opponent
B. she didn't work hard enough to win the votes
C. there were more Republicans than Democrats in the district
D. it was unfavorable for a female candidate to win
10. After his wife lost in the election, the author still thought the campaign was worth it because
A. they had learned lessons for the next election
B. they had had a great amount of contribution
C. his daughter became interested in politics
D. the family members were closer than before
VOCABULARY ITEMS
1. grin：v. to smile by drawing back the lips and baring the teeth, as in mirth or good humor露齿而笑
2. roller-coaster: n.摇晃，颠簸的近海船
3. outnumber: vt. to exceed the number of; be more numerous than数目超过，比…多
4. staffter: n. a member of a staff编辑，职员
5. credibility: n. a capacity for belief可信性
6. guru: n. a trusted counselor and adviser; a mentor（原为印度教个人的宗教老师）顾问，指导者
7. disconcertingly: adv. Anxiously令人不安地，令人惊惶地
8. undertaker: funeral director殡仪事物承办人
9. gulp: vi. to choke back by or as if by swallowing吞下，忍住，抑制
10. cubicle: n. a small compartment, as for work or study小书房，小房间，用于工作或学习
11. boiler room: a room where boiler is kept (without window and very hot)锅炉房，锅炉间
12. amiable: adj. friendly and agreeable in disposition; good-natured and likable和蔼可亲的，亲切的，友善的
13. swallow: vi. to put up with (sth. unpleasant)咽，忍受，压制
14. nope: adv. (infml. ) no不
15. glint: n. a momentary flash of light; a sparkle闪烁
16. munch: v. to chew food audibly or with a steady working of the jaws or to eat with pleasure 用力咀嚼，大声咀嚼
17. barbecue: v. to roast, broil, or grill (meat or seafood) over live coals or an open fire, often basting with a seasoned sauce野餐烧烤（肉）
18. coax: v. to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery哄，劝，耐心使…
19. manure: n. material, especially barnyard or stable dung, often with discarded animal bedding, used to fertilize soil肥料
20. chuckle: vi. to laugh quietly or to oneself with cluck sound咯咯地笑
21.glassy: adj. lifeless; expressionless没有神采的，呆滞的
22. grouse: vi. to complain; grumble埋怨
23.repertoire: n. the range or number of skills, aptitudes, or special accomplishments of a particular person or group (美)（某个人的）全部技能
24. pasta: n. Italian food usu. paste or dough made of wheat flour, eggs, and water, often formed into shapes and dried and used in a variety of recipes after being boiled意大利面制品，意大利面食（包括通心粉及面条等）
25. animatedly: adv. possessing life; livingly活生生的，精力旺盛地
26. mumble: v. to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially dosing the mouth喃喃而语，咕哝
27. unanimously: adv. supported by everyone in the same way全体一致地，无异议地
28. endorse: v. to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement (原意为仔邮票背面签名)签注（文件），认可，签署
29. grueling: adj. physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion折磨的，使人筋疲力尽的
30. out of the blue: suddenly and unexpectedly完全出乎意外地，突然地
31. up for grabs: open to be taken up公开投标
32. make one's mark: to become distinguished使自己出名
33. be in for: to encounter遭遇，遇到，遭受
34. make a pitch for: (美俚) to speak favorably for sth.为...说话
35. on one's own: alone; without help靠自己
36. wear on: to pass slowly (时间)慢慢过去
37. a shot in the arm: (infml.) sth. which acts to bring back a happy active condition
NOTES
1. Congressman: the member of the House of Representative众议员; capital/ The Capital; The Capitol
2. Congress of the United States: legislative branch of the United States government. Congress is composed of two chambers with equal powers: the 100-member Senate and the 435-member House of Representatives美国国会
3. American Legion: organization of United States veterans of war美国退伍军人协会
4. Fourth of July: Independence Day in the U.S.美国国庆节
5.country fair: an exhibition, as of farm products or manufactured goods, usually accompanied by various competitions and entertainments乡村博览会（农产品或手工工艺产品的展览，通常带有竞争性和娱乐性）
intelligent; handsome/ beautiful; considerate
课文参考译文
第＋一课A 为男人洗碗正名
佩奇·史密斯
[l］近来，许多人都在高声喧嚷，大鸣不平，说父亲在美国家庭中的尊严和地位己大不如前了。
[2]他们争辩说，曾儿何时，父亲一直是家庭的绝对权威，而如今，这个可怜的人己经让位了，将养育孩子的重任留给了妻子。父亲成为一个滑稽的角色，卡通片、电视剧、电影里嘲弄的对象。
[3］他们说，由于父亲的种种缺失，美国的家庭现在乱七八糟，孩子们缺少管教，家庭气氛焦躁不安，没有安全感。
[4］于是乎，母亲主义应运而生。母亲变得专横起来，对孩子过于溺爱，主导了家庭生活的一切，结果给孩子们造成了各种各样可怕的心灵创伤。而此时，父亲顾自看着电视，或者呆在角落里生闷气，不敢对妻子的权威提出异议。
[5]当然，这种指责并不新鲜。美国建立以前就有了。英王乔治三世在位时，据说首相乔治·格伦维尔力促推行茶叶税，理由是美洲殖民地的家庭主妇们嗜茶如命，而她们的丈夫对她们唯命是从，她们决不会允许丈夫查禁茶叶。
[6］格伦维尔失算了，其结果每个上学的孩子都知道。
[7］不管怎么说，男人们在家里地位日微，一个标志就是他们要洗碗刷碟。社会学家们（或是心理学家们，我忘了是哪些人）和一些固执己见的外行告诉我们，丈夫们清洗碗碟不仅是家庭奴役的象征，更削弱了父亲作为家中备受尊重的“权威人物”的形象。所以才有了家庭的恶化，有了少年犯罪，有了美国的衰落，等等。一切都归因于父亲洗起了碟子。
[8］我想对此提出异议。
[9］清碗洗碟，我称得上是一个先行者，也是一个积极倡导者，大约己有巧年之久，我一下子就能指出这种宣传性言论的出处。这种言论出自一些懒惰男人，他们不想错过电视里一连两场棒球比赛的头儿局。他们使用学术行话不过是装点门面而己。
[10 ]经验清楚地表明，婚姻需要成熟和相互牺牲。婚姻问题咨询专家告诉我们，多数婚姻的失败，是由于夫妻双方不够成熟，且缺乏奉献精神。一般认为，清碗洗碟是繁重家务的
一个典型例证，这种家务枯燥乏味，让人难得消停。因此，如果丈夫和司多妻子把洗碗当作是“夫妻亲密无间”的象征，而不是“妻子主导一切”的标志，来共同完成，这不失为一个不错的活儿。
[11]妻子为丈夫准备的每顿饭菜，如果在准备过程中增加一些想象和技巧，就是一个很有创意的行为―一件小的艺术品―那顿饭菜本身可以说是一场爱的宴席，是妻子深情的奉献。享用了这样一顿美味佳肴之后，丈夫就像一个毫无良心的野蛮人，拖着脚步走进了起居间，看起了诸如《波林的险情》之类的电视节目，或者读一读日报上的连环漫画栏，而此时妻子却又回到洗劫一空的厨房，面对油腻脏乱的锅碗瓢勺。难道我们的专家们建议我们要这样做吗？这就是他们给成功、幸福的婚姻开的药方吗？
[12 ]并非如此，在这个问题上，和许许多多其他问题上一样，专家们错了。当然，我无法证明我是否很具男人气质，但我却很清楚，洗了巧年的碗碟之后，我的男子气概丝毫没有减少。我也没有发现我作为家长的权威有任何减少。
[13]总体说来，我的孩子们得到的管教，似乎比附近一位前橄榄球职业球员的孩子受到的管教要多。他长得毛茸茸的，就像一只大猩猩。他把在家的所有时间都用于看电视，一个盘子都没洗过。
[14]而且我必须说明，对我来说，洗碗等义务绝不是绝对的负担。我的妻子和我在厨房洗碗池边一起度过了不少时光，交流了很多。我相信，从这些夜间谈话中，我们对人生和彼此有了一些重要的发现。
[15]我坚决主张女性要有女性的魅力，男人要有男人的特点。我相信，这个世界需要抽象思维、分析性思维、想象力、创造力和妥协等品质，这些更像是男性的特点。同样地，这个世界也需要女性的处事方法，如讲实际、讲实用、重本能、重整体以及讲原则等。有人说女性最好的（当然不是唯一的）去处是在家里，我同意这种看法。当然，我也爱家，呆在家里又不是判刑入狱。
[16］传统上丈夫和妻子之间对家务活有一个粗略的分工。我觉得夫妻应该共享家庭生活的种种快乐，同样地，我觉得对那些更难做的、更繁重的家务活，夫妻要尽可能一起去做（尤其是妻子常常要在外从事某些工作，与丈夫的工作一样累人、乏味，更应该这样做）。总之，我相信婚姻生活中明智的互敬互爱，因为我认为女人同样是人，而不是给我们带来负担的动物。
[17]如果丈夫在家说了算，他自然会行使家长的权威。如果他说了不算，即使吹上天，他也不过是名义上的家长罢了。
[18]如果妻子在家说了算，她在家庭生活中就会处于主导地位。要是她有些心计，她或许会让丈夫产生一种错觉，觉得是自己在掌管着家庭事务。过去一直如此，将来还会如此。 [19］美国男性内在的男子气概今天无疑受到了威胁，正如在当今社会的许多领域，女性的基本特质受到了威胁一样。但是这种威胁并非来自于洗碗洗碟。假如男性的尊严和真正的男子气概视洗碗与否而定，那就没有抓住原因的实质。的确，为这种事情争斗，永远不值。
第＋一课B 妻子志入议院
弗格斯· M ·波德维奇
[1]“我得跟你谈谈！”琼闯进我的办公室，大声喊道。我转过身来，担心发生了什么糟糕的事情。只见妻子咧着嘴，笑着说，“我要参加议员竞选了！"
[2]琼随即把那些新闻对我说了，我们州的一位议员刚刚出人意料地宣布，他不会再度参选。他的席位空出来了，琼想得到这个席位。
[3］我的思绪在急速翻腾。琼……妻子……我们的八岁女儿的妈妈……议员？可是一转念我又想，为什么不行呢？她曾是纽约市郊雷德胡克镇镇委会的一员，一度担任过华盛顿州一位参议员的助手。在克洛伊出生前，她还做过成功的商业主管。当然，这将是她所做的最大胆的决定，可谁比她更有资格这样做呢？“好吧，”我不由得说，“我支持你。” [4］事实上，我对我们竞选的内容一无所知。这没什么要紧的，因为面对环滑车般的起落不定，如何能做出充分的准备呢？
[5］儿周以后，琼昂首走进了民主党议员选举委员会位于华盛顿的办公室，开始为筹集资金做宣传。“你是个不错的候选人，”一位三十来岁的年轻职员说。琼笑了笑。“可是你赢不了，你的对手数不胜数。”在我们选区，登记在册的共和党候选人数大大超过了民主党候选人数，比例差不多是二比一。
[6］尽管如此，他们还是叫她继续参选，并且为了可靠起见，雇用一位竞选顾问。
[7］我们的顾问名叫肯·克里斯滕森，他是从华盛顿坐火车赶来的，刚下火车，看起来有些窘迫，像个身着黑色西服的殡仪员。他身材瘦削，神情紧张，一身的汗。[8 ］他说干就干。“你们需要一间办公室，”他厉声说，“把你们的车钥匙给我。”四个小时后，他就在雷德胡克镇的主街上租到了地方，买了好几箱东西，从中取出几个电话机、传真机和文件夹。
[9] “你们有多少钱？”克里斯滕森问。琼己经筹集了两万美元。琼告诉他我们在银行的存款。“把钱花了，”克里斯滕森对琼说。
[10］琼惊愕地硬了一声。
[11]“你们至少得筹集50 万美元，”克里斯滕森说，“这两星期必须筹到其中的10 万。否则你们就没戏了。”
[12] 就这样，日复一日地，琼坐在一间连个窗户都没有、别号“锅炉房”的小房子里，给她的家人、大学室友和我高中以来的朋友打电话。这些电话常让她感到窘迫难受。有一位亲戚，琼和她亲切、友好地聊了一会之后，就支支吾吾地说了句请对方捐款的话。
[13]“哦，琼，难道你不知道我支持共和党吗？”对方冷冷地说。
[14]“我是想，就算帮我一个忙吧，”琼低声说。
[15]没了。琼心里一紧，但还是接着打电话。
[16]克里斯滕森到此两个星期后，我的妻子从“锅炉房”里出来了。“我们筹到款了！”琼大声地说。她设法筹到了10 . 6 万美元。
[17]民主党议员选举委员会的官员们被打动了。一项民意测验显示，琼和她的对手不相上下。即使如此，也不能使那些官员们确信琼有希望当选。委员会什么也不愿帮她。
[18]他们的答复让我大吃一惊。琼的反应呢？“我想这次真要靠自己了，”她轻声地说出每个字，但眼中闪过一丝坚毅的亮光。
[19]我的妻子现在终于可以在晚上好好睡上一觉了，可是三个小时后她就从床上跳了起来，精力充沛，就像比她年轻一半的二十多岁的年轻人一样。她和“美国军团”的退伍老兵一起嚼烤排。她参加哈得逊市的国庆大游行。她甚至去乡镇集市，在别人的劝说之下，参加一场奶牛清洗比赛。看她用海绵把奶牛满身的泥巴和牛粪清洗下来，围观的人高声叫了起来。一个农夫咯咯笑着说，“这可以让你们政治家懂得你们所从事的事情。”
[20］有一回，是一个明媚的下午，在我家前院的草坪上，一个商业拍摄小组要拍摄“幸福的美国一家”这个场景，作为琼的电视广告。琼，我们的女儿克洛伊，还有我，带着毫无生气的笑容在摄影机前来回踱步。
[21]“看起来要像一位做了母亲的妻子不经意间参加议员选举，”导演下了指令。
[22]“我宁愿谈谈哈得逊河的污染问题，”琼抱怨说。
[23] “笑得明显一点！”导演高喊了一声。
[24] 在整个竞选过程中，我的主要工作就是确保克洛伊的生活尽量少受到打扰。我确保她去上学，确保她和小伙伴们约定一起玩耍，尽我有限的本领竭力将她喂养好（我们吃了几周的意大利面了）。克洛伊放学后，我和她就在全城到处张贴“波德维奇参加议员选举”的告示。这种告示在选区多达儿千个，加上我们的告示，选区里星星点点，到处都有了。
[25］竞选的日子一天天慢慢过去，我们和琼见面的次数越来越少了。她常常凌晨三四点才爬上床，然后兴致勃勃地谈论保健制度或是牛奶价格补贴问题。“你没在听吗？”我猛然醒来时，她总是这样问。
[26]“当然了，亲爱的，”我咕咪着说，“每个字都听了。”
[27]秋天过了一半的时候，我们的竞选活动出现了财政困难。琼的对手得到了共和党领导层的‘除溉支持，最终筹集了近90 万美元，他的各种电视广告在选区铺天盖地。
[28］但是选区的报纸儿乎都一致支持琼，我们好不兴奋。在报纸的支持下，最后一刻捐助出现了猛增。
[29］在选举日的前一天，克洛伊瞪大眼睛问，“妈咪，你会赢的，是吗？"
[30]“是的，我会的，”琼答道，她心想结果只会是赢。
[31］结果不是的。琼比以前的大多数民主党候选人做得都要好，她赢得了42 % 的选票。可是还远远不够。
[32]我很失望。选举日的当晚，我发现克洛伊拼命喃住眼中的泪水，那一刻我失望之极。我看见琼跪在地上，她们两个抱在了一起。
[33]这次竞选活动又难又累，值吗？绝对值。原因主要是这样的：就在儿个月后，克洛伊上了四年级，她上课的时候老师发了调查问卷，靠近问卷的顶排写的问题是：“你长大后想当什么？"
[34］克洛伊毫不犹豫，她写的答案是“政治家。”
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15) Unit 1 B. 1. 她计划自己创业。 She plans to set up her own business 2. 态度也很重要。 Attitude also matters. 3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived. 4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handle Some managers have no idea how to handle people. 5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record) We finished the work in record time. 6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. 7. 她常常一天工作12小时。（put in） She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day. 8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire） He acquired the information from the newspapers. 9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师) There’s an opening for an assistant in our department. 10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. The organization works to promote friendship between nations. Unit2 B. 1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely） She is very likely to ring me tonight. 2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond） Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform） A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in） Acting before thinking always results in failure. 5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate） He estimated that the work would take three months. 6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。 We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries. 7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。 The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region. 8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Net economy will have significant influence on the people’s life. 9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.
Unit 1 part one Angel at Work Ⅰ Reading for information 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A Ⅲ Summary 1.to transcribe his Sunday speeches /too much to handle 2.out of the blue/ share the inspiration 3.deliver the tape personally/the mystery of the arrangement 4.personal contact/spastic 5.asked for reward/full and dedicated Unit 2 part one My Miraculous Life Ⅰ Reading for information 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6 C Unit 3 part one A Thief Ⅰ Reading for information 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C.A 5.B 6 C Ⅲ Summary 1.the ticket counter/a leather coat 2.a cocktail bar/catches sight of a blonde girl/a Travellers Aid counter 3. a magazine/becomes aware of/jostling/blushes
4. lifted/back pocket 5. a front window/hand her over 6. wrong/bolts 7. has stolen Unit 4 part one Escape Artists Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.publishing/overseen 2.procrastinator/affected https://www.doczj.com/doc/4317533150.html,ziness/desire/consistently/delay 4.funishes/reinforcing/subscribe 5.mismatch/sophisticated 6.solution/deploying/management Unit 5 part one For Big Bruno, a Man We Can Look Up to Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.hard work/pay off 2.Big Bruno/strong in stature/a gentle spirit 3.most patient/slow to get angry/a heart of gold
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本)1-2册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1. B 2. D 3. D 4 D 5. C 6. A II 1. fling 2. supercilious 3. zoom 4. trudge 5. hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1. B 2. D paragraph 2 1. D 2. A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Information Related to the Text Key to the Exercises I. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C II . 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career . 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers . He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers , relieved when no one came to the door , and scared when someone did , and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch . 3. The battle to make him different from his father . 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation . 5. Writers didn't have to have any gumption at all . 3. Love The Neighbor Key to the Exercises I . 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F II. 1.在我看来,美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽. 2.《圣经》里的戒律"热爱你的邻居"大概是一句拙劣的译文,它的本义必定是"尊敬你的邻居." 3.邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近,只有进一步发展关系,才有足够的理由成为最 好的朋友. 4.横跨在你们之间的车道,篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障,它们只不过是一条清晰 的分界线. 5.邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪,但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位. UNIT TWO 4.Making Friends in American Culture Key to the Exercises I. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D II. 1. Because there is a language barrier , many Chinese are hesitant to speak with strangers and they don't know what to talk to American about or how to keep the conversation moving . 2. His class and major . 3. These questions help people participate in the conversation . 4. When the other person first gives his name himself . 5. Communication . Key to the reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1 : 1. C 2. A
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation
教案 课程名称新生代英语基础教程2 课时____________________ 班级____________________ 专业____________________ 教师____________________ 系部____________________ 教研室____________________ 教材《新生代英语基础教程2》
Family Show Time “Where are you from?”Reading Why is it called a honeymoon? Chat Time The rest is history. Writing Family tree Grammar The possessive ’s My Story Family main Have students look at the picture and ask them to tell you as much as they can about it. Then, go through the questions and complete each answer. In addition, you can ask a few warm-up questions suc h as “How many people are in your
Have the students listen and repeat the words. Use descriptive sentences to teach the family member words. For example, you can say “Your uncle is your mother or father’s brother.” “Your aunt is your mother or father’s sister.” “Your cousin is your uncle or aunt’s child,” and so on. A simple family drawn on the board can often help students to understand this. They may find it interesting to see your family tree, if you don’t mind sharing it with them. For the word frame, you can see that it is something we put around important pictures. You can then ask students if they have any framed photos in the class. You can also teach that we use the words married and single to descr ibe someone’s relationship status. Ask “Have you been to a wedding recently?” “Who got married?” For Tell the students they will hear a conversation between a radio host and a celebrity (Anna). Now listen to the conversation and have students complete the sentences.
to Exercises Key to Exercises Lesson1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4317533150.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.B 5.A 6.C7.B8.B 3.(1)shield(2)playing(3)shield(4)personal(5)social (6)political(7)family(8)colleagues(9)stimulate 4.(1)blackboard(2)unconscious(3)time (4)ancestors(5)parents(6)reinvent B.Reading Strategies 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B10.A Lesson2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4317533150.html,prehension Check 1.A 3.C 4.B 5.A7.C8.B 2.(1)defines(2)failures(3)successful(4)beliefs 6.(1)picture(2)performing(3)replace(4)self-image (5)line(6)potential(7)short-change(8)better B.Reading Strategies 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C10.A Lesson3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4317533150.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.A 3.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A 4.(1)cultivate(2)granted(3)investigate(4)explore (5)major(6)exploration B.Reading Strategies 1.normalized 2.membership 3.threatening 4.publication 5.novelists 6.persuasion 7.personality 8.pressure 9.reluctance10.justify Lesson4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4317533150.html,prehension Check 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 1.(1)crush(2)Brazil(3)intelligent(4)knockout B.Reading Strategies 1.distinguishable 2.psychological 3.effective 4.insistent 5.various 6.skinny 7.delightful 8.gloriously 9.financial10.amazing
Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元，“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁，学期当中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗，抛光等事，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作，因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天，我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分，不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间，我每天都忙到晚上，然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。
[5] 走投无路之下，我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世，告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户，并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后，汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁，”他说，“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话，这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间，我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活，但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此，我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时，我l0岁。不久之后，她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果，后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作，暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动，不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》（通用本）1册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A II 1.fling 2.supercilious 3.zoom 4.trudge 5.hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1.B 2.D Paragraph 2 1.D 2.A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Key to the Exercises I. 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C II. 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career. 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers. He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers, relieved when no one came to the door, and scared when someone did, and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch. 3. The battle to make him different from his father. 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation. 5. Writers didn’t h ave to have any gumption at all. 3. Love Thy Neighbor Key to the Exercises I. 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F II. 1.在我看来，美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽。 2．《圣经》里的戒律“热爱你的邻居”大概是一句拙劣的译文，它的本义必定是“尊敬你的邻居。” 3．邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近，只有进一步发展关系，才有足够的理由成为最好的朋友。 4．横跨在你们之间的车道，篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障，它们只不过是一条清晰的分界线。 5．邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪，但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程英译汉（Unit 1-10、13、14） Unit 1 1. Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. 两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。 2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。 3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。 5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 结果我创下了化妆品销售的最好成绩。 Unit 2 1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net , what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? 此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？ 3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. 电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。 4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency” . 电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。 5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market. 在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 Unit 3 1. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。 2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve and animals. 这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷 猎的规章制度。 3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. 由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。 4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. 森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。 5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so fo rce logging companies to go “green” or go out of business. 理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。 Unit 4 1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony. 这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭
Keys Unit One 1. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercise Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B Put the following into Chinese 1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到公里深的海底呢我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。 2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。 3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。 4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。 2. Taking Lessons from What Went Wrong Comprehension Exercises Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 2. Put the following into Chinese 他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。 技术分析人员认为，一种建设性的冲动---以及它对深海钻探可能产生的结果，是通过分析失败的原因获得革新，革新使油井变得更安全，尽管降低对石油依赖也能带来很多好处。 几组调查人员认真研究了这座桥梁坍塌的原因，吊桥设计人员从中汲取了一些教训，其中最主要的是：要保证桥面公路的重量和围梁的强度，使之足以避免因强风引起的危险摇晃。但是工程师们似乎一致认为，调查中的发现最终将改进深海石油钻探技术---至少到下一次意想不到的悲剧发生之前，或到下一次促使技术变得更加安全的教训之前。 Dad Comprehension Exercises 1. Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 2. Put the following into Chinese 1. 他当时33岁，我4岁，他有力的大手一把握住我细小的双臂，轻而易举地把我扛上肩头，使我能居高临下地看到我想看到的一切。 2. 但是，对于一个生活在二战后的小男孩来说，父亲就像一个具有神秘力量和威力的神，超乎凡人之上，无所不能，无所不知， 3. 每天晚上他下班回来以后，我们都会练习握手。戴着克利夫兰印第安球队的旧帽子的我，蹒跚地跑向身材高大的父亲，一遍又一遍地认真同他握手，直到能够握得很紧。 4. 第二年，我的狗被车轧死，我感到悲痛难忍。这时，父亲来到我身边，用他有力的双臂
Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。