英美文学
1. William Faulkner is the author of ______.
A. Far From the Modeling Crowd
B. Sound and Fury
C. For Whom the Bell Tolls
D. Scarlet Letter
1. Robert Frost is a famous ______.
A. novelist
B. playwright
C. poet
D. literary critic
3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ______
A. Jack London
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Coleridge DEmest Hemingway
4. Which of the following poets is different from the others?
A. John Donne.
B. John Keats.
C. Lord Byron.
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley.
5. Which of the following is not written by William Shakespeare?
A. Othello.
B. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus.
C. Romeo and Juliet.
D. The Twelfth Night.
6. Beowulf narrates a story taking place in ______.
A. the Mediterranean
B. Northern Europe
C. England
D. Scandinavia
7. ______ refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.
A. Allegory
B. Conflict
C. Irony
D. Flashback
8. William Wordsworth is an English _____.
A. poet
B. novelist
C. playwright
D. critic
9. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is ______.
A. Nature
B. Walden
C. Experience
D. Essays
10. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______.
A. Dubliners
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
C. Jude the Obscure
D. Ulysses
11. The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.
A. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
B. Jane Eyre
C. Wuthering Heights
D. Agnes Grey
12. In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?
A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.
B. Edmund Spencer' s The Faerie Queen.
C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.
D. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones.
13. The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.
A. pessimism
B. naturalism
C. modernism
D. critical realism
14. Mark Twain shaped the world' s view of America and made a combination of ______ and
serious literature.
A. American folk humor
B. funny jokes
C. English folklore
D. American values
15. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War?
A. Fennimore Cooper.
B. Nathaniel Hawthorn.
C. Walt Whitman.
D. Washington Irving.
16. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ______.
A. Christopher Marlow
B. John Milton
C. William Shakespeare
D. Ben Jonson
17. Have a Dream is addressed by ______.
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. John F. Kennedy
C. Martin Luther King
D. Ralph Waldo Emerson
18. Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?
A. This is my letter to the world.
B. heard a fly buzz — when I died.
C. This is just to say.
D. Because I could not stop/or death.
19. Eugene 0' Neil is an American ______.
A. novelist
B. playwright
C. poet
D. essayist
20. The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of ______.
A. Jane Austin
B. Walter Scott
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D. William Wordsworth
21. In the works of such aesthetics as ______ and Walter Pater, the theory of "art for art's sake" is advocated.
A. Oscar Wilde
B. Mrs. Gaskell
C. Alexander Pope
D. Charles Lamb
22. Works by ______ are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.
A. George Eliot
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Bronte
D. Virginia Woolf
23. Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?
A. John Osbom.
B. Wystan Hugh Auden.
C. Bernard Shaw.
D. Samuel Beckett.
24. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the ______ in the literary history of the United States.
A. Age of Realism
B. Age of Classicalism
C. Age of Romanticism
D. Age of Renaissance
25. With "Collected Poems" , ______won the second Pulitzer Prize.
A. Ezra Pond
B. e. e. cummings
C. Robert Frost
D. William Cullen Bryant
26. ______ belongs to the second period in Shakespeare' s three stages of writing career.
A. The Merchant of Venice
B. Love' s Labor Lost
C. Hamlet
D. The Tempest
27. Grass is a poem written by ______.
A. Walt Whitman
B. Carl Sandburg
C. Langston Hughes
D. Alien Ginsberg
28. William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is ______.
A. The School for Scandal
B. Past and Present
C. Major Barbara
D. Vanity Fair
29. Dover Beach is written by ______.
A. Robert Browning
B. Alfred Tennyson
C. Mathew Arnold
D. Dylan Thomas
30. The period of Old English literature refers to ______.
A. about 450 — 1066
B. 14th century — mid-17th century
C. 14th century — mid-ISA century
D. 16th century — mid-18th century
31. Moby Dick is the most important work by ______.
A. Jack London
B. Herman Melville
C. Sinclair Lewis
D. Ralph Ellison
32. 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his ______.
A. novels
B. poems
C. short stories
D. dramas
33. Francis Bacon' s ______ is a great essay on education.
A. The Advancement of Learning
B. The Importance of Being Earnest
C. The New Atlantic
D. The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses
34. ______ is NOT a novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald.
A. Tender Is the Night
B. Anna Christie
C. The Beautiful and Dammed
D. The Great Gatsby
35. The American literature in modem period is divided into two parts by the event of
A. the expatriate movement
B. the Great Depression
C. the First World War
D. the Second World War
36. Which of the following novels does NOT belong to Dreiser' s Trilogy of Desiref
A. The Titan.
B. The Financier.
C. The "Genius".
D. The Stoic.
37. The followings are all Dickens' works EXCEPT______.
A. Oliver Twist
B. Moll Flanders
C. Great Expectations
D. Bleak House
38. It is generally regarded that Keats' s most important and mature poems are in the form of
A. ode
B. elegy
C. epic
D. sonnet
39. The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to ______ for his "mastery of the art
of modem narration".
A. William Faulkner
B. John Steinbeck
C. Saul Bellow
D. Ernest Hemingway
40. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of ______ work.
A. romantic
B. classic
C. neo-classic
D. naturalistic
41. Who is the father of English poetry?
A. Shakespeare.
B. Edmund Spencer.
C. John Milton.
D. Geoffrey Chaucer.
42. The Octopus is written by ______.
A. Frank Norris
B. Sherwood Anderson
C. Willa Gather
D. Stephen Crane
43. James Baldwin' s most famous short story is ______.
A. A Rose/or Emily
B. The Story of an How
C. Sonny's Blues
D. A Clean, Well-lighted Place
44. John Galsworthy won the 1932 Nobel Price for his work ______.
A. Ulysses
B. Hard. Times
C. The Forsyte Saga
D. Jude the Obscure
45. Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?
A. She Walks in Beauty.
B. The Solitary Reaper.
C. When We Two Parted.
D. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.
46.______wrote several novels with the name of "Rabbit".
A. Arthur Miller
B. Thomas Pynchon
C. John Updike
D. Wallace Stevens
47. The Road Not Taken is a poem written by ______.
A. Robert Frost
B. Longfellow
C. Ezra Pond
D. Carl Sandburg
48. "God help them that help themselves" is found in ______' s work.
A. Franklin
B. Freneau
C. Jefferson
D. Paine
49. T. S. Eliot' s most famous long poem is ______.
A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Pru/rock
B. A Boy's Will
C. The Waste Land
D. The Golden Bough
50. ______ is often credited with writing the first true " novel of incident".
A. John Banyan
B. Henry Fielding
C. Samuel Richardson
D. Daniel Defoe
51. Daisy Miller is a great work by ______.
A. Henry James
B. Mark Twain
C. Dreiser
D. Stowe
52. Hester is a character in ______.
? A. Cone with the Wind B. The Fall of the House of Usher
C. Babbitt
D. Scarlet Letter
53. Jack London' s ______ is his patently autobiographical novel.
A. The Call of the Wild
B. The Sea Wolf
C. Martin Eden
D. The Iron Heel
54. William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is ______.
A. Coral Island
B. Lord of the Flies
C. Treasure Island
D. The Brass Butterfly
55. "To be, or not to be" is quoted from ______.
A. King Lear BHamlet
C. Julius Caesar
D. Romeo and Juliet
56. The first book of the Old Testament is called ______.
A. Exodus
B. Numbers
C. Leviticus
D. Genesis
57. The black man Jim is a character in Mark Twain' s ______.
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. The Prince and the Pauper
58. 0 Captain} My Captain\ was written in memory of ______.
A. Walt Whitman
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Martin Luther King
59. Which of the following works is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?
A. Women in Love.
B. Sores and Lovers.
C. The Rainbow.
D. The French Lieutenant' s Woman.
60. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.
A. 14th/mid-17th
B. 14th/mid-18th
C. 16th/mid-18th
D. 16th/mid-17th
61. The Crapes of Wrath is the masterpiece of ______.
A. John Steinbeck
B. John Cheever
C. John Updike
D. John DOS Passes
62. _____ is NOT a play written by Tennessee Williams.
A. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
B. The Class Menagerie
C. Light in August
D. A Streetcar Named Desire
63. Robert Bums is a poet from ______.
A. England
B. New England
C. Ireland
D. Scotland
64. Look Back in Anger is a play written by ______.
A. John Osbome
B. Samuel Beckett
C. Edward Albee
D. Eugene O'Neil
65. ______ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.
A. Romance
B. Novel
C. Sonnet
D. Drama
66. Seize the Day is regarded the best novel written by ______.
A. Flannery 0'Conner
B. Saul Bellow
C. Ralph Ellison
D. Sherwood Anderson
67. ______ is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.
A. Robert Lowell
B. Gary Synder
C. Alien Ginsberg
D. e. e. cummings
68. William Blake' s The Tiger is collected in ______.
A. Songs of Innocence
B. Songs of Experience
C. Marriage of Heaven and Hell
D. Poetical Sketches
69. The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by ______.
A. Washington Irving
B. Fennimore Cooper
C. Edith Wharton D William Dean Howells
70. ______ is known as "the poet' s poet".
A. Shakespeare
B. Marlowe
C. Spenser
D. Donne
71. The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ______.
A. O'Neil
B. Pound
C. Robert Frost
D. Scott Fitzgerald
72. ______was the most important person of the transcendental club.
A. Hawthorn
B. Whitman
C. Emerson
D. Thoreau
73. Shylock is a character in ______.
A. The Merchant of Venice
B. The Twelfth Night
C. The Winter's Tale
D. Macbeth
74. The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is ______.
A. Joseph Addison
B. Richard Steele
C. Samuel Johnson
D. Laurence Stem
75. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following EXCEPT
A. religion
B. love and marriage
C. life and death
D. war and peace
76. American fiction in the 1960s and 1970s proves different from its predecessors. It is referred to as ______.
A. imagism
B. black humor
C. new fiction
D. the Beat Generation
77. Together with Lawrence and Joyce, ______ is considered one of the three giants ot the modem English novel and a master of English prose.
A. Henry James
B. Joseph Conrad
C. E. M. Forster
D. Aldous Huxley
78. This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is quoted from ______.
A. Don Juan C Kubia Khan
C. To Autumn
D. Ode to the West Wind
79. Stephen Crane is famous for ______.
A. An American Tragedy
B. The Ambassadors
C. Main Street
D. The Red Badge of Courage
80. "Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay". What is the figure oi this speech?
A. Hyperbole.
B. Simile.
C. Metaphor.
D. Synecdoche.
81. ______ has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.
A. Ernest Hemingway
B. John Steinbeck
C. Eugene 0' Neil
D. William Faulkner
82. Golden Notebook is a feminist novel written by ______.
A. Amy Tan
B. Doris Lessing
C. Flannery 0' Connor
D. Kate Chopin
83. Which of the following poems is written by W. H. Auden?
A. Sailing to Byzantium
B. To an Athlete Dying Young
C. Musee des Beaux Arts
D. Church Going
84. Beloved is the masterpiece of ______.
A. Tony Morrison
B. Ralph Ellison
C. John DOS Passes
D. Willa Gather
85.______, the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.
A. Carl Jung
B. Jean-Paul Sartre
C. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
D. Sigmund Freud
86. Henry Fielding is the author of the great 18th century English novel, ______.
A. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
B. Pamela
C. Moll Flanders
D. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy
87. Tess is a character created by ______.
A. D. H. Lawrence
B. James Joyce
C. Thomas Hardy
D. Dylan Thomas
88. The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespe-
A. comedies
B. tragedies
C. histories
D. sonnets
89. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?
A. To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.
B. To put the stress on traditional values.
C. To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.
D. To advocate a conscious break with the past.
90. In A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, John Donne compares the lovers ' souls to ______.
A. two roses
B. two circles
C. sun and moon
D. twin compasses
91. Utopia is ______' s work.
A. Thomas More
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Dryden
D. George Herbert
92. One of the Prime Ministers of Britain has won the Nobel Prize for literature, and that is ______.
A. Margaret Thatcher
B. Tony Blair
C. Winston Churchill
D. John Major
93. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.
A. John Keats
B. William Blake
C. William Wordsworth
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
94. Whitman' s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______.
A. a strict poetic form
B. a simple and conversational language
C. a free and natural rhythmic pattern
D. an easy flow of feelings
95. Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?
A. Hemingway.
B. Fitzgerald.
C. Gertrude Stein.
D. William Faulkner.
96. My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by ______.
A. William Shakespeare
B. Robert Browning
C. Ben Jonson
D. Robert Herrick
97. The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.
A. 1820
B. 1850
C. 1880
D. 1920
98. The title of Alfred Tennyson' s poem "Ulysses" reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT______.
A. the Trojan War
B. Homer's Odyssey
C. adventures over the sea
D. religious quest
99. As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in ______.
A. Jane Eyre
B. Oliver Twist
C. Wuthering Heights
D. Middlemarch
100. The publication of ______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of the New England Transcendentalism.
A. Nature
B. Self-Reliance
C. The Over-Soul
D. The American Scholar
101. ______ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.
A. Richard Sheridan
B. Oliver Goldsmith
C. Oscar Wilde
D. Bernard Shaw
102. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ______.
A. Ezra Pound
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Robert Frost
D. Emily Dickinson
103. The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.
A. explorer
B. peasant
C. worker
D. governess
104. ______ is the representative work of the Beat Generation.
A. The Great Catshy
B. On the Road
C. Look Back in Anger
D. The Sun Also Rises
105. Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by ______.
A. Willa Gather
B. Doris Lessing
C. William Faulkner
D. Nathaniel Hawthorn
106. The most significant idea of the Renaissance is ______.
A. humanism
B. realism
C. naturalism
D. skepticism
107. The title of Thackeray' s "Vanity Fair" is taken from __
A. The Holy Bible
B. The Faerie Queen
C. The Pilgrim' s Progress
D. Paradise Lost
108. Mr. Micawber in David Coppeifield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps I best ______ characters created bv Charles Dickens.
A. comic
B. tragic
C. round
D. sophisticated
109. Thomas Pynchon can also be categorized as a Black Humor writer, as well as ______ writer.
A. classical
B. transcendental
C. postmodernist D realistic
110. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is written by ______.
A. Ben Jonson
B. Thomas Gray
C. William Wordsworth
D. William Blake
111. Who is considered the father of American poetrv?
A. Philip Freneau.
B. William Cullen Bryant.
C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. D Henry David Thoreau.
112. In America,there is "a little woman started a great war". Who is she?
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Harriet Beecher Stowe
C. Edith Wharton
D. Catharine Anne Porter
113. Waiting/or Godot is a ______.
A. poem
B. play
C. short story
D. novel
114. Which of the following poets has once won the Nobel Prize?
A. William Butler Yeats.
B. Thomas Hardy.
C. Wystan Hugh Auden.
D. Dylan Thomas.
115. ______ is NOT written by Edgar Allan Poe.
A. The Raven
B. Annabel Lee
C. The Fall of the House of Usher
D. Song to Celia
116. Arthur Miller is an American ______.
A. novelist
B. poet
C. playwright
D. essayist
117. Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.
A. Tess of the D' Urbervilles
B. Pride and Prejudice
C. Happy Prince
D. The Mill on the Floss
118. Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followed by ______.
A. Jack London
B. Sinclair Lewis
C. William Faulkner
D. Ernest Hemingway
119. ______ is featured by black humor.
A. Caricature
B. Catch-22
C. The Catcher in the Rye C. Death of a Salesman
120. Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?
A. Pearl Buck.
B. Virginia Woolf.
C. Tony Morrison.
D. Katharine Mansfield.
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
2010年专八真题听写参考答案 1 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal; 4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance; 8 situation; 9 mood; 10 unconsciously same posture 特邀著名国内英语考试郑家顺教授分享2010年专八考试权威答案，以下为听力部分 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7.C 8. D 9. D 10. A11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B21. A 22.B 23. B 24.B 25. C26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C 2010年专八真题改错原文 So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled ’primitive’) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ’primitiveness’. The position is simply and obvio usly that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos’ life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ? 2010年专八真题改错参考答案 1 be后插入as; 2 their改为its; 3 There改为It; 4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much 6 come改为bring; 7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would; 9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the 2010年专八真题人文知识参考答案 31、D；32、A；33、D；34、A；35、C；36、D；37、A；38、A；39、C；40、B。 2010年专八真题汉译英参考答案 Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other. 2010年专八真题英译汉参考答案 我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。 2010年专八真题作文参考答案 The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it. In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account. The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》
* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line. 2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌
暨南大学 翻译硕士考研经验
首先因为暨大没有参考书目，很多消息资源多亏了high研上的经验贴，所以决定如果自己考上了，也来写一篇经验贴回馈社会。现在考上暨大了，我来还个愿~ 关于择校： 在选择学校这一方面确实纠结了很久，首先，个人比较在意地域问题，觉得学语言的话在一线城市机会比较多（内心比较拒绝当老师考公务员嘻嘻），所以基本上只考虑大城市。其次，择校方向包括外语类院校（如北外上外广外川外），985院校（如厦大中山大学华东师范），211院校（如暨大南师大），如果你想要实打实的学好翻译，外字头的几所语言类院校当然是比较好的，如果你更在意学历，就根据自己的水平选择冲985还是211。 二、复习介绍 开始两个月都呆在家里学习，不过效率没有很高，因为床就在旁边...但至少保证每天5-7小时学习时间。9月份回到学校，课能逃就逃（这不是好榜样别学我），每天泡图书馆，从早晨七点多一直呆到晚上九点闭馆。平均一天学习9-10小时。（非常不建议熬夜，这样影响第二天学习状态，最后恶性循环）每天的节奏基本一致：早晨看政治和百科，饭后站在走廊背百科、翻译词条，下午练翻译，晚上基础英语。接下来我分科目介绍一下备考情况 政治：（如果政治比较有把握，可以忽略这一段，因为政治没有考很好）作为一个理科生，政治这门课可以说是很痛苦的了，就怕栽在政治上，所以我7月份就开始复习政治了，笨鸟先飞~我周围很多人都是9月份开始准备最后跟我考得差不多甚至比我高很多，所以其实也完全来得及，因人而异。肖秀荣当然是考研政治的扛把子，跟好肖大大，问题就不大。我先是买了肖秀荣的精讲精练，李凡的《政治新时器》以及配套的1000题练习，打基础用的，每天花2个小时左右看几章再做配套选择题（建议配杯浓咖啡否则会睡着），前期不要花时间去看大题，浪费时间后期也会忘。一切的复习安排我尽量都严格按照计划，所以在10月份之前我完成了政治第一轮复习，当然，前面也忘得差不多了，我又买了很多人推荐的风中劲草，这本书全部是干货，不带一句废话，重点全部用颜色字体加粗标好好的，要做得就是尽量记忆里面的重点内容，但是我后来是真的记不住，看完第二遍就放弃了，结果考试的时候做选择题发现好多细节里面都有
美国文学 第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）（before the revolution of independence） 第一节美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学） 印第安传统文学的主要内容和形式：在各种典仪上咏颂的祝词，在劳作中吟唱的歌曲，时代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事，刻写在山河岩壁上的象形史诗。 第二节北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末-----十七世纪中）（colonial settlement） 这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或者传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。 John Smith 约翰·史密斯《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》A True Relation of Virginia （被认为是美国文学史上的“第一部作品”） 第三节请教思想的表述（Puritanism） 他们的作品主要是以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主 第二阶段独立革命时期（十七世纪中期-------十八世纪末） （around the revolution of independence） 独立革命前后的美国文学，标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折 该期文学特色：充满浓烈的政治性和思辨性。主题多为爱国主义及对于独立民主自由的热切呼唤。 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac 《自传》The Autobiography Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》The America Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Human《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺（18世纪最杰出的美国诗人，被誉为“the poet of the American revolution） 《英国囚船》The British Prison Ship 《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》The Rising Glory of America 《印第安人殡葬地》（lyric）The Indian Burying Ground 《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle 第三阶段浪漫主义时期（18世纪末---19世纪中后期）（American Romanticism） 该时期主题多为传统文化与现代文明之间的冲突、“对久远与遥远故事的兴趣”以及对死亡、潜意识的剖析等。 Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文the first prose stylist of American Romanticism / “Father of American Literature” 《纽约史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book---标致美国浪漫主义的开始 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》Rip Van Winkle 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《旅行者的故事》Tales of Traveler 《阿尔罕伯拉》The Alhambra James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀《间谍》The Spy《领航者》The Pilot “皮袜子故事系列”: 《杀鹿者》The Deerslayer 《最后的莫希干人》The Last Mohicans 《拓荒者》The Pioneers 《探路人》The Pathfinder《大草原》The Prairie Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗（美国第一个写叙述诗的诗人） 《夜吟》Voices of the Night《人生礼赞》A Psalm of Life William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特（强调美国人个人意识，关注自然） 《泉》The Fountain 《白蹄鹿》The White-Footed Deer 《森林赋》The Forest Hymn 《似水流年》The Flood of Years 《死亡随想》Thanatopsis
专八文学常识 专八考来考去就这些东西，背就行了。 1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens. 2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patternin g and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学 3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or othe r elements of sentence structure are combined to form gra mmatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学 5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA 是 Initialism。 6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or ph rase is substituted for another with which it is closely asso ciated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的
英国文学(English Literature) 一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪) 1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christ c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901) 2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.
General Knowledge for Literature in TEM8（2014—1998） (2014） 35. “Grace under pressure”is an outstanding virtue of_____ heroes. A. Scott Fitzgerald's B. William Faulkner's C. Ernest Hemingway's D. Eugene O'Neill's 36. Widowers' House was written by_____. A. John Galsworthy B. George Bernard Shaw C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. Eliot 37. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales? A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. William Shakespeare C. John Donne D. William Blake (2013） 35. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? A. A weak seat. B. Safe and sound. C. Knock and kick. D. Coat and boat. 36. Who wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession? A. John Galsworhty. B.William Butler Yeats. C. T.S.Eliot D. George Bernard Shaw. 37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) . A. novel B. short story C. poem D. autobiography (2012） 35. Who is the author of The Waste Land? A. George Bernard Shaw B. W. B.Yeats C. Dylan Thomas D. T.S.Eliot 36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury? A.William Faulkner B. Ernest Hemingway C. Scott Fitzgerald D. John Steinbeck 37. “The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company”is an example of . A. exaggeration B. understatement C. personification D.synecdoche (2011） th-century England. in the 20 35. Virginia Woolf was an important female A. poet B. biographer C. playwright D. novelist 36. refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history . A. Ballad B. Romance C. Epic D. Elegy th century? 37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20A. The Great Gatsby B. The Sun Also Rises C. The Sound and the Fury D. Beyond the Horizon (2010） 35. is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems. A. William Blake B. W. B. Yeats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth 36. The Financier is written by . A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. William Faulkner D. Theodore Dreiser
英美文学知识点总结（专八） Old English Literature （古英语文学） （450-1066年） Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》: The first English national epic. S ir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿林骑士》：knight literature. 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literature ―英国文学诗歌之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?), the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: 1．Greatest tragedies are King Lear《李尔王》, Macbeth《麦克白》, Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》, Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》. 2．Great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》, As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》, The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night《第十二夜》 3．great historical plays:Richard III 《理查三世》, Henry IV《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯·培根, 1561-1626) a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. Works by Bacon: The Advancement of Learning（1605）《学术的推进》，New Instrument (1620) 《新工具》，Essays (1625) 《培根文集》. John Donne (约翰·邓恩，1572-1631), a leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖（玄学派主要代表人物），who frequently applies conceits (奇喻) or fantastic metaphors in his poems, involving dramatic contrasts. His poems feature a diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods, achieving vividness of imagery, vitality of rhythms, ingenuity of speech and depth of philosophy. Works by Donne: Songs and Sonnets《歌与十四行诗》，of which ―The Flea‖, ―The Good Morrow‖, ―Break of Day‖and ―A Valediction: Forbidding Morning‖are most popular. Holy