自我介绍
Thank you, Mr./Ms. Chair. /professor
My name is sang qian. I am very honored to be here to do oral presentation.
I am a Master student from Hohai University and I am currently doing some research on physical layer security.
Today, I would like to share with you some of my research on relay selection in cooperative communication. (external /ek?st?rn?l; ?k?st?rn?l/)
内容安排：
My presentation includes these five parts.
First, some background information about this research;
Second, system model we have done;
Third, NN-based relay selection scheme we have proposed
Forth, Simulation and results analysis
And last, some conclusions we have got
P4
Part one, introduction
Firstly, I would like to give you a bit of background.
Differing from the traditional cryptographic techniques based on secret keys, we can make use of wireless channel characteristics to enhance physical layer security.
Cooperative communication has been widely recognized as an effective way to combat wireless fading and provide diversity gain which is one of the research hot spots.
Machine learning as an emerging technology has been widely applied in image processing, cancer prediction, stock analysis and other fields. So why not try it in wireless communication?
P5:
Next, I want to talk a little bit about present study
Recent studies on deep learning for wireless communication systems have proposed alternative approaches to enhance certain parts of the conventional communication system such as modulation recognition、 channel encoding and decoding、channel estimation and detection and an autoencoder which can replace the total system with a novel architecture
【modulation recognition:An NN architecture for modulation recognition that consists of a 4-layer NN and two two-layer NNs。
channel encoding and decoding：A plain DNN architecture for channel decoding to decode k bits
messages from N bits noisy codewords。
channel estimation and detection ：A dense-Net for symbol-to-symbol detection can adopt long short-term memory (LSTM) to detect an estimated symbol.
Autoencoder：the autoencoder can represent the entire communication system and jointly optimize the transmitter and receiver over an AWGN channel.
】
P6
So why did we conduct this research? Well, we want to exploit the potential benefits of deep learning in enhancing physical layer security in cooperative(?/k??'?p?r?t?v/?wireless communication and reduce the feedback overhead in limited spectrum resouce by our our proposed scheme.
P8
Now let me move onto part two -system model
Here, you can see a figure which is a system model.
This is the source ; these are the relay nodes and this is the
destination ,this is the eavesdropper
The whole process of cooperative wireless communication can be divided into two phases.
In the first phase, the source broadcasts the signal to the optimal relay which guarantees perfect security. As shown in Fig 1,
h represents a fading
sr i
,
coefficient of the channel from the source to the relay node(
R. )
i
In the second phase, the optimal relay forwards a scaled version of its received signal to the destination in the presence of the eavesdropper, where the optimal relay is considered to adopt amplify-and-forward (AF) relay scheme.
In this figure,
h represents a fading coefficient of the channel from the relay i R to the
rd i
,
destination
g represents a fading coefficient of the channel from the relay i R to the
,
re i
eavesdropper.
P9:
Here you can see some following expressions. I am not going to waste our precious time on the lengthy derivation. I would like to invite you to directly take a look at the equation in its final form.
This is the optimal index of the selected relay with the conventional relay selection scheme.Amaong this expression
(),,,=max ,0s i d i e i C C C - represents the achievable secrecy rate of system model when
the -th i relay is selected.
P11
Now let me move to part three -----NN-based Relay Selection Here you can see a figure which shows conventional 3-layer neural network . It consists of input layer, hidden layer 1, hidden (/'h?dn/)layer 2 and output layer. Neural network can learn features from raw data automatically and
adjust parameters （/p??r?m?t?(r)z/）as weights and biases. In complex (?/'k?mpleks/)conditions (scenarios(/s?'n ɑ?r ???/),) Neural network has promising applications in relay selection for several reasons. First, the deep network has superior(/su??p??r??/) learning ability despite(/d?'spa?t/)the complex channel conditions . Second, Neural network can handle large data sets because of distributed(/d?'str?bj?t?d/)
and parallel(/'p?r?lel/)computing(/k?m'pju?t??/s, which ensure
computation(/k?mpj?'te??(?)n/)speed and processing capacity(?/k?'p?s?t?/).
Third, various libraries or frameworks, such as TensorFlow, Theano,and Caffe give it wide applications
In this paper, the problem of the relay selection is modeled as a multi(/'m?lt?/,ao)-classification problem. We adopt simple neural network(NN) to select the optimal relay to guarantees perfect secrecy performance of relay cooperative communication system.(enhance physical layer security)
P12
Before training the classification model, we need to make some preparation for deep learning to acquire a training set and a testing set.
First, we need to produce real feature vector for each example according to channel state information;because the channel state information matrices is composed of complex numbers but feature vectors are generally composed of real numbers.So we need to change complex numbers into real numbers with absolute(/'?bs?lu?t/) value operation. Moreover, in order to improve the classification performance(precision), it is necessary to normalize the feature vectors.
Second,we need to design key performance indicator (KPI).In order to
effectively prevent the eavesdropper from intercepting information, we choose achievable secrecy rate as the KPI of system. This KPI indicates(represents/shows) the difference of the achievable rate from the source to the destination and the achievable rate from the source to the eavesdropper.
Third,we can make labels for examples according to KPI. the index of the relay which obtains the maximum(?/'m?ks?m?m/) KPI is regarded as the class label of the example.
P13
Classification model
This picture(is about) shows the whole process of building classification model.
The whole process of building classification can be divided into two phases, namely training phase and testing phase. In the first phase,we need to choose
In the second phase, we can predict(/pr?'d?kt/) labels of optimal relay according to input data and assess classification performance.
P15
Now let me move to part four -----Simulation and Results(?/r??z?lts/) Analysis
Here, you can see a figure which shows the relationship between the average
an d the achievable secrecy rate with different numbers of relays.
In this figure, the blue line represents the conventional relay selection scheme and the red line represents the NN-based scheme.
In this figure, as the numbers of relay and the average transmit power of the source increases, the achievable secrecy rate increases accordingly,.which means increasing the number of relays can effectively improve the secret performance.
The red line are almost(?/'??lm??st/)close to the blue line, 【whch indicates that our proposed scheme (i.e. the NN-based scheme) achieves almost the same secrecy rates as those of the conventional scheme for all values of N, 】
P16
This table shows the the normalized(/?n?rm??la?zd/) mean square(?/skwe?/) error(NMSES)values of dirrerent relay nodes. The value of NMSE means the performance difference between the conventional scheme and our proposed
scheme. The values of NMSE are below(/b?'l??/) negative('neg?t?v/) 20 (-20 dB), which validates effectiveness of our proposed scheme again.
P17
Now, let me move to the last part -----Conclusion
Okay, now we are going to take a look at the last part -Conclusion.
P18
We have got the following conclusions.
First, I n complex (conditions)scenarios, Neural network has promising applications in relay s election for superior learning ability , computation speed and processing capacity.
Second, Compared with the conventional relay selection scheme, our proposed scheme achieves almost the same secrecy performance.
And last, Our proposed scheme has an advantage(/?d'vɑ?nt?d?/) of relatively small feedback overhead, indicating that proposed scheme can be applied to the conditions (scenarios）where the feedback is limited.
(If the conventional scheme needs feedback of N complex numbers, NN-based scheme will only need feedback of N real numbers. Therefore, the feedback
overhead of our proposed scheme is half(/hɑ?f/?) of that of the conventional scheme,)
Q&A
1、计算复杂度
Computational complexity
The biggest drawback is the highly selection complexities with a small number of relay nodes.
If number of relay node is big, it will have a advantage. This need our further research.
Q: The experiment shows that secrecy rate is almost the same as traditional method and what is the promotion of using NN to relay selection.(what is meaning of introducing NN to relay selection)
A:That our proposed scheme (i.e. the NN-based scheme) achieves almost the same achievable secrecy rate as that of the conventional scheme indicates that our proposed scheme is effective and it can select optimal relay node which obtains maximum achievable secrecy rate.
One reason (the first reason) is that Adopting NN for relay selection is a novel idea.
Another reason is that the spectrum resource is relative limited and our proposed scheme has small feedback overhead.
Q:what’s the meaning of “perfect secrecy performance”? What’s the meaning of “Compared to the conventional relay selection scheme”?
A: “perfect secrecy performance” means the achievable secrecy rate is the biggest one which can enhance physical layer security.
In fact, the conventional relay selection scheme is the exhaustive search. The index of relay selection with this scheme is the best one.
Q:“It is obvious that the feedback overhead of proposed scheme is half of that of the conventional scheme”
A: well, Let's make an assumption. If the conventional scheme needs feedback of N complex numbers, NN-based scheme will only need feedback of N real numbers. Therefore, the feedback overhead of our proposed scheme is half(/hɑ?f/?) of that of the conventional scheme
Q:1)The training data set and the testing data set are so called "legitimate channel complex matrix and the wiretap channel complex matrix". 2)How these data can be obtained/generated? 3)Why it is important and significant as the input of the NN-based approach and what is the output? The whole process is not clear.
A: 1)the deep learning needs training set and testing set. training set is used to train model and testing set is used to asses the model’s performance.
2) it can be obtained according to channel state information where the legitimate links and wiretap links are modeled as Rayleigh fading channels.
3) the channel state information is important feature(indicator) in wirelesss communication. the communication the NN can learn features from raw date
Q:
A:
Q:
A:
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国际会议作报告英语发言 稿 Prepared on 22 November 2020
Thankyou,prof.….Mynameis…..I’m from…..Iamverypleasedtobeheret ojointhisforum.Thetopic,themainpartsofmyresearchareaboutsoilpavement. Mypresentationwillincludethesefourparts: First,somebackgroundinformationaboutthisresearch;second,themainwork wehavedone;third,someconclusionswehavegotandthelast:innovationandpr esentationofourpublishedpapers. WhyIchoosethisitem,theexistingquantityofairfieldsisstillnotsufficientand theairfieldshavemanyshortcomingsespeciallyinwartime.Second,thecomple mentaryfacilities,suchashighwayrunwaysarefarlessthanairfields,however,, ,thefieldairfieldcanfillthevoidofairfieldandtheycanbecombinedtobeairfield network. ,convenientandvalidity,fastmeansthefieldairfieldmustbeconstructedasfasta spossible,convenientmeanstheconstructionshouldneedtheminimumequip ment,laborandmaterialsconsideringtheactualconstructioncondition,validit ymeanstheconstructedairfieldisabletosupporttheoperationofgivenaircraftin specificallytime. Justlikemanyotherterritories,
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英文主持人演讲稿 篇一：英文学术会议主持人发言稿 模拟国际会议主持词 一、开题语 Good morning, ladies and gentleman. Welcome to Chicago, a beautiful city of America. I’m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^, from*********** University of a very very great pleasure to participate in the 110TH Association of American Geographers Conference as the chairman,its my first time to do I really enjoy being stay here with you this morning. The International Geography Conference has been held 110th times by the Association of American Geographers (AAG) institute since 1904. The purpose of the conferences have contributed to share our experiences and knowledge of the advancement of geography, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical problems. A lot of current issues have been discussed, and some of them have been effectively soluted. Welcome to the Association of American
国际会议发言稿英文(精选多篇) 第一篇：国际会议--英文 表示欢迎：good morning, ladies and gentlemen, i’m privileged to welcome you all to “the current status and future development of cotton machinery” conference. 自我介绍：let me introduce myself i am dr lifrom beijing, china, and i am going to be the chair for this morning’s session. 介绍议题： this conference will focus on the discussion of the various aspects of cotton machinery. it includes the application of cotton machinery and the current status.and we will also discuss the prospect of cotton machinery. 介绍报告人： now it gives me great pleasure to introduce today’sparticipants. they are :han dan, the director general of the united nations industrial development organization(联合国工业发展组织总干事) zhang hui, president of china power investment group company. shang fengjiao, professor of physics ,head of american nuclear energy association. now, we welcome the opening of han dan do for us（现在，我们欢迎aa 为我们做致开幕词） aa上台
英文国际会议演讲稿范文 英文会议演讲稿篇一：英文国际学术会议开幕词演 讲稿 Distinguished guests, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, and all the friends: At this special time of wonderful August, With a pleasant subtropical climate in Xiamen, Our respectable guests are here getting together , undertaken by XMU , the 2014 10th International Conference on Natural Computation and the 2014 11th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery , will be open. Now, First of all, please allow me to give our hearty welcome to all of you present, and thank you , for your friendly coming. We feel so proud, and appreciated as well to be the host of the event. It is a great honor for us to have all you here to attend this conference, of which the theme is the academic exchange about the advanced technologies on Computer Science. Here I’d be delighted to introduce our conventioneers in brief. Apart from
关于青春励志英语演讲稿 关于青春励志英语演讲稿篇 1 Leading members and judges, young friends: Hello, everybody! My name is XX, and we are pleased to be able to discuss the pursuit of excellence, dedication youth, this topic, I am going to talk about today is willing to sacrifice, the fire ignited youth. Let the fire burn eternal youth, so that life lightning across the horizon, with all the enthusiasm in exchange for time, there is no end to the dream of youth! I really appreciate the Agni youth, these words inside, and has been encouraging with its own study, work and life. I think that youth should be burned, give off light only value! Burning of ones life may also be corrupt, in that case, I do not want to corrupt, not corrupt, I would like to burn up! Friends present here! You like it? Youth is our most beautiful season of life, she is breeding in early spring of life, demonstrating a warm summer, with autumns master real hidden, which makes clear the hope of winter, full of poetic passion and not a lack of hard work, fashion, romantic and full of the hard struggle. When a persons youth integrate into
国际会议英文发言稿 篇一：英文国际学术会议开幕词演讲稿 Distinguished guests, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, and all the friends: At this special time of wonderful August, With a pleasant subtropical climate in Xiamen, Our respectable guests are here getting together , undertaken by XMU , the XX 10th Interna tional Conference on Natural Computation and the XX 11th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery , will be open. Now, First of all, please allow me to give our hearty welcome to all of you present, and thank you , for your friendly coming. We feel so proud, and appreciated as well to be the host of the event. It is a great honor for us to have all you here to attend this conference, of which the theme is the academic exchange about the advanced technologies on Computer Science. Here I’d be delighted to introduce our conventioneers in brief. Apart from our faculty and
青春励志英语演讲稿五篇 下面是小编整理的青春励志英语演讲稿，欢迎大家参考阅读。 青春励志英语演讲稿篇一 Saying goodbye to childhood，we step into another important time in the pace of young，facing new situations，dealing with different problems…… everyone has his ownunderstanding of young，it is a period of time of beauty and wonders，only after you have experienced the sour ，sweet ，bitter and salty can you really become a person of time of young is limitted，it may pass by without your attention，and when you discover what has happened ，it is always too ping the young well means a better time is waiting for you in the near future，or the situation may be opposite . having a view on these great men in the history of hunmanbeing，they all made full use of their youth time ，to do things that are useful to society，to the whole mankind，and as a cosquence ，they are remembered by later generations，admired by do something in the time of young，although you may not get achievements as these greatmen did ，though not for the whole word，just for youeself，for those around! the young is just like blooming flowers，they are so beautiful when blooming，they make people feel happy，but with time passing by，after
国际会议发言稿模板 篇一：国际会议作报告英语发言稿 Thankyou,prof.….Mynameis…..I’ mfrom…..Iamverypleasedtobeheretojointhisforum.Thetopicofmy presentationispropertiesofrapidconstructionmaterialsforsoil pavementoffieldairfield.Asisshowninthepicture,themainpartso fmyresearchareaboutsoilpavement. Mypresentationwillincludethesefourparts: First,somebackgroundinformationaboutthisresearch;second,the mainworkwehavedone;third,someconclusionswehavegotandthelast :innovationandpresentationofourpublishedpapers. WhyIchoosethisitem?Ithinkitcanbeillustratedfromthefollowing
fourparts.First,theexistingquantityofairfieldsisstillnotsuf ficientandtheairfieldshavemanyshortcomingsespeciallyinwarti me.Second,thecomplementaryfacilities,suchashighwayrunwaysar efarlessthanairfields,however,havemoreweakness.Third,acerta inamountoffieldairfieldisquitenecessaryconsideringsomeemerg enciessuchasrescueanddisasterrelief.Forth,thefieldairfieldc anfillthevoidofairfieldandtheycanbecombinedtobeairfieldnetw ork. Themeaningandaimofthisresearchcontainsthreeparts.Fast,conve nientandvalidity,fastmeansthefieldairfieldmustbeconstructed asfastaspossible,convenientmeanstheconstructionshouldneedth eminimumequipment,laborandmaterialsconsideringtheactualcons tructioncondition,validitymeanstheconstructedairfieldisable
国际会议的最终演讲稿 good afternoon ladies and gentlemen: my name is shaoshasha,i am a senior in china jiliang university and majoring in business management. i am honored to be here to deliver an introduction of our group case study .this is our team member tanglihua ,sundan and me as we all know. sony and lenovo both enjoy high reputation among the mass. therefore, as a famous brand over asia, sony competes with lenovo in domestic market only by obtaining the knowledge of the comparative disadvantage and corresponding betterment, and this is the primary issue we should to settle. taking the customers#39; demand as an base, we launched a market research and thereby get an understanding that the technical standard is the computer’s feature. since qfd is of great usefulness in analyzing dates, we apply it in our study in order to figure the approach of sony‘s improvement. in addition, quality function deployment is to help transform the customer wants into engineering characteristics for a product or service, prioritizing each product or service characteristic while simultaneously setting the development targets for the product
青春励志英语演讲稿3分钟Distinguished judges，teachers，dear friends： Hello，everybody！My name is，I come from. Today，I am very glad to stand here and share with you my most sincere speech‘Flying youth，master our future！’ Life is a process of growing up. Saying goodbye to childhood，we step into another important time of life‘the youth’ver，who can really say what the youth is ？A period of time？A belief？An attitude to life？Or anything else？We don’t know. A famous poet said ‘youth is a lovely song ，where nothing is impossible ；youth is a meaningful book，you’ll be never bored of it ；youth is a rapid river ，it keeps on flowing day and night ；youth is a cup of tea ，it shows you different kinds of tastes in your life. ’As youth is so precious，of course，we must treasure it ’t let the limited time pass by，leaving nothing of significance to our future. Actually，youth has a lot to do with our future. It’s necessary for us to prepare ourselves well for the future to come. So，what should we do？Here ，I’ll point out some tips to help equip ourselves First of all，recognize the direction of your future. In other word，think of what you’d like to be some day. A teacher ？A doctor ？A writer？Don’t afraid of thinking big and great e you are young ，you can dream of doing anything and becoming anyone in the future