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英语中考你准备好了吗

英语中考,你准备好了吗?

离2008年上海市初中英语学业考试只有九天了。每位考生都希望能在这最后的时刻,拾漏补缺,取得更佳的成绩。因此,“哪些是考试中的易失分题?”;“在应试中,具体应当注意哪些解题思路和技巧?”是每一位考生都在认真思考的问题。

综观近三年英语学科的中考试题,我们可以发现:试卷充分地体现了新课程理念和新课改的要求;体现了“以知识为基础,以能力为重点,以发展为目标”的特点;更强调:设置语境,突出语篇,注重运用。因此,试卷的第三部分阅读理解、完形填空以及写作三大题型,成为了大部分学生的薄弱环节——在卷面中的得分率明显偏低,有相当部分的学生觉得难以突破,是中考中最易失分的题型,而此部分却占到整张试卷的七十四分。

笔者认为,这些题型固然有一定的难度,但是如果考生掌握了一定的解题技巧和要领,是完全可以提高得分率的。

因此,在临考前,笔者总结了一些策略和建议,希望能对考生们有所帮助。

一.阅读理解部分

阅读理解部分试题,要求学生能较快地通过阅读,理解短文大意,从中获取重要的信息,并做出正确的判断。它主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、判断分析问题能力、逻辑推理能力和解决问题的能力。

在做这类题时,同学们绝不能粗心,更不能凭空想象,要结合文章的主旨大意,从已知到未知,作出合理的推测。解题时,要注意不仅要理解文章的细节,更要理解文章的主旨,这样,才可以作出正确的推理判断。同时,要避免信息错位,表里不一;和无据推理,张冠李戴的现象。

在阅读技巧上,考生可以先看题目,然后带着问题到文中去找出相关的信息;有时还可以通过阅读题目中的四个选项的内容,帮助理解一些较难的语句。

此外,考生应当学会准确找出:关键词、关键句;以及具备:根据上下文,猜测词义的技巧的能力。这会对答题有很大的帮助。

(一) 如何找出关键词、关键句

语段中的关键词、关键句,一般即使文中的主题句。它通常具有以下的三个特点:

1)表述的意思比较简明,概括。

2)句子结构比较简单,多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。

3) 段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。

(二)如何通过上下文猜测词义

猜测词义考察的是一种英语阅读能力。在猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:

1) 根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理。

2) 运用语法知识进行句法分析。

3) 依靠常识和经验做出判断。

同时还可以:根据定义或解释;根据并列、同位关系;以及根据同义、反义、因果关系等来猜测词义,这些都是行之有效的方法。

二.完形填空部分

完形填空题是中考英语常见的融能力与基础知识测试于一体的一种题型。它是中考英语中的难点和失分率最高的题型,也是中学生最感头痛的题型之一。它分为“四选一”和首字母填空两大项。既考查了学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力、分析判断能力和语言运用能力;又考查了学生对语法、词汇、习语、句型以及固定搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力。

(一).解答“四选一”部分的正确步骤。

建议考生在完成此部分时,要阅读文章至少三遍。第一遍先通读全文,以便了解全文的主要内容和相关的叙述问题,这样可以有一个正确的解题思路。第二遍再根据上下文、句与句之间的关系进行逻辑推理和判断,所填的单词要能起到完整各句的意思、上下文之间意思的相互衔接以及有些词汇的搭配的作用。做完后再次通读全文,检查逻辑关系是否合理、词义是否通顺。

(二)首字母填空的解题方法。

在做首字母填空题时,除了以上的解题步骤之外,考生还应当仔细分析句子的结构。然后根据五种基本句式:S+V ( 主语+谓语 ) ﹑S+V+O ( 主语+谓语+宾语 ) ﹑S+V+P ( 主语+谓语+表语 ) ﹑S+V+inO+dO ( 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ) ﹑S+V+O+C ( 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 ),根据文章的主线、情节的发展趋向,从不同的角度去考

虑答案。例如:

1)从习惯用法、搭配角度考虑;2)从常识、逻辑推理的角度考虑;3)从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑;4)瞻前顾后,从上下文的限定或暗示的角度考虑。

然后,考生必须进行全面的检查。检查逻辑关系是否合理、词义是否通顺,三大词类,即——动词的形式,名词的单复数,形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的形式的变形有无注意等等。

三.写作部分

写作部分主要考查:学生的语言运用能力、思维能力和书写能力。考生此部分失分的原因主要是:跑题、遗漏要点、语法错误、单词拼写错误和层次不清等。

因此,在应试时,建议考生注意以下环节:

(一)审题目:看到考题后,考生先不要急于动笔,要认真审题,仔细看清题目的要求。审清:具体写作要求的格式、体裁、人物关系、情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。然后,再在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想。

(二)圈要点:要点是给分的一个重要因素。

为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。

(三)定基调:定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。:

(四)写全文:写短文时要做到以下四个方面:

1. 注意要尽量使用自己熟悉的句型进行写作。同时,几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。

2. 注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致;注意人称代词的宾格形式;注意冠词用法,注意拼写、标

点符号和大小写。

3. 注意上下文要连贯。同学们应把写好的句子,根据情节,事情发生的先后次序(时间或

空间),使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连贯、

自然、流畅。

下面是一些过渡语句的用法:

表示并列关系的:and, as well as, or…

表示转折关系的:but, yet, however…

表示时间关系的:when, while, after, before, then, after that…

表示因果关系的:so,therefore,as a result…

表示目的的:in order to,in order that,so as to, so that…

表示列举的:for example , such as…

表示总结性的:in general, in all, in

a word, generally speaking…

4. 不会表达,另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定的。因此,如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句

子要正确、得体、符合英语表达的

习惯。

(五)改病句:改错是写话部分必不可少的一个环节。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:

1. 检查字数是否达到要求;有无遗漏要点。

2. 检查文体格式是否正确规范。

3. 检查词语使用是否正确,有无语法或用词上的错误。

4. 检查单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错,标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。

5. 注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。

最后,有必要提醒考生注意以下两个问题。

1. 在完成写作部分试题时,应做到先打草稿;然后作检查和修改;最后再抄到试卷大的答题卡上。切记:字迹要工整,不涂、不画、不勾不抹,避免不必要的扣分。

2. 考前应当适当的进行时文的写作操练:关注生活;关注社会;关注热点。以此来拓宽视野,丰富思维,同时积累写作素材,并使自己的写作能力得到提高。以下是笔者拟出的一些有关:当下整个社会给予广泛关注的时文写作模拟题,以供考生们参考和选练。

[ 时文操练1 ]

“Since June 1, 2008, Chin a has banned shops from offering plastic shopping bags for free. All supermarkets, department stores and shops must charge the customers for them.”

Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “My view on the ban on free plastic bags” to tell what your view is on the following regulation. (以“我对禁止免费使用塑料袋规定的看法”为题,写一篇不少于60个词的短文谈谈你对此规定的看法)

Sentence patterns for reference

What do you think of stopping using plastic bags?

Do you agree to stop using plastic bags?

What’s the advantages and disadvantages of using plastic bags?

[ 时文操练2 ]

Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “A Letter To the Fellow Students in Wen Chuan”. (以“一封写给汶川同学们的信”为题,写一篇不少于60

个词的短文)

Sentence patterns for reference:

What happened in Wen Chuan?

Your best wishes to the fellow students in Wen Chuan.

What are you going to do to help the fellow students there?

[ 时文操练3 ]

Shanghai won the right to hold World Expo 2010 on the night of 3rd December 2002. Write a passage on the topic “My Dream for 2010 ” with the help of suggested outline

Suggested outline: (以“我的2010年的梦想”为题,写一篇不少于60个词的短文)

What will Shanghai be like in 2010?

What can you do for Expo 2010 now?

What will you do for Expo 2010 then?

[ 时文操练4 ]

Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “Beijing Summer Olympic Games ”. (以“北京夏奥会”为题,写一篇不少于60个词的短文)

Sentence patterns for reference

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