Unit One
People Around Us
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the
following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1) crease
2) hint
3) assured
4) awaiting
5) hovering
6) scrawled
7) glistening
8) frail
9) sole
10) visible
11) engaged
12) biased
13) dreading
14) grinning
2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know
how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1) for fear of
2) pulled up
3) except for
4) get by
5) make a living
6) every so often
7) in the background
8) Shut off
9) each and every
10) as it is
11) wraps … around her little finger
12) caught us …unawares
▆Increasing Your Word Power
1.Choose the definition from Column B that best matches each phrasal verb in Column A,
paying attention to the V+ Prep./Ad. collocation.
▆ Answers:
1) f
2) c
3) d
4) e
5) b
6) g
7) h
8) a
Fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper phrasal verb. Change the verb form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1) let out
2) clean … up
3) come through
4) waiting on
5) picked up
6) ended up
7) headed for
8) ran through
2.The prefixes ex-, fore-, pre- mean “former, before, or in advance” while the prefix post-
means “after or later than”. Study the following examples and form words by adding ex-, fore-, pre-, post- to the words given in the table and then complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have just formed. Change the verb form where necessary. ▆Answers:
1) foretell
2) preview
3) forerunner
4) postscript
5) postgraduate
6) precondition
7) ex-husband
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Combine the given sentences into one by using attributive clauses.
▇Answers for reference:
1)I encountered many people whose lives amazed me. (See Para. 3, Text B)
2)We drove in silence to the address (that/which)she had given me. (See Para. 21, Text B)
3)He pushed through the doors and headed for the back room where his apron and busing cart
were waiting. (See Para. 16, Text A)
4)I had seen too many people trapped in a life of poverty who depended on the cab as their
only means of transportation. (See Para. 6, Text B)
5)Their social worker, who stopped to check on Stevie every so often, admitted Stevie and his
mother had fallen between the cracks. (See Para. 6, Text A)
Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English. Be sure to use present particles or past particles to modify nouns.
▇Answers for reference:
well-considered decision, folded paper, written notice, laptop storing my annual report, a postman delivering express mail
Cloze
▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers:
1) reliable
2) syndrome
3) adopted
4) got done with
5) gloomy
6) or something
7) chance
8) come through
9) barely
10) in good shape
11) booth
12) mess
13) scrawled
14) peeking
15) in
Translation
▆Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆Answers for reference:
1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social
worker.
2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My
goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”
3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their
parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?
4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping.
5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put
the recipient in an embarrassing situation.
6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am
counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside.
▆Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box below.
▆ Answer for reference:
That was a time when life was difficult for everyone. My family could barely get by on my small income from driving a cab. One late night I responded to a call for a cab ride. To my surprise, when I arrived at the address, I found it was a frail old lay who was awaiting me. After she got into the cab, I engaged her in conversation. I learnt that she was going to the hospice. Her doctor said she didn’t have very long. The old lady told me to drive through the downtown area. She pointed at some old buildings, telling me those were the places where she used to work or live. When the cab finally pulled up in front of the hospice, I didn’t accept her fare. In the rest of the day, I was lost in thought. Though I had to make a living, I lived not for the sole purpose of surviving. When circumstances looked gloomy, the small favour I had done could be a candle light. However faint the light was, it managed to warm up a soul and ennobled me as well. I did take pride in that small favour.
Unit Two
Love
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆Working with Words and Expressions
In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
curled
minimum
clip
yielded
Given
preserve
fascinated
affection
interact
haste
grief
defies
presence
acquire
manipulate
restraints
In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
let, loose on
fit into
hold on
state of affairs
in the course of
in vain
build, on
in short
reached for
give and take
▆Increasing Your Word Power
The prefix over- can be added to nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, meaning “above”, “outside”, “across”, or “too much”. Study the words given in the box and choose the proper word to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
overcoat
overhead
overjoyed
overslept
overweight
overdue
overtime
overworking
Many words in English can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Listed in the following table are some of these words that you have learned in Unit One and Unit Two. Study them carefully and then complete each of the following sentences with one of them as you see fit. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
crush
attributes
fancy
bubbled
grasp
drizzling
labeling
yield
Listed in the box below are some idiomatic expressions formed with the word “hand”. Study them carefully and try to make out their meanings. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Then translate the given sentences into English, using one of them.
▆Answers:
We are short of hands.
I still have some money in hand.
Give me a hand with this box, please.
I often keep a dictionary at hand.
The football fans were out of hand.
Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother.
Time’s up. Please hand in your test papers.
Please hand on the magazine to your roommates.
I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m a green hand.
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English. Make sure that the sentences are in the inverted order.
▆Answers for reference:
Sitting on the stairs was / On the stairs was sitting
Over the wall came / flew
Round the corner was
Then finally came
Under the table was lying
At / On the top of (On top of) the hill stood
Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).
▆Answers for reference:
The beaver chews down trees to get food and material to build its home with.
Do your parents think Tom is a nice boy to go out with? (Cross out him)
The goals for which he has fought all his life seem unimportant to him now.
NONE.
The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author then gives a positive answer.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆Answers:
haste
state of affairs
distinguished
meeting of minds
blossom
inner charm
intimacy
emotion
acquiring
ideals
admiration
lasting
affection
forge
honor
overwhelming
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆Answers for reference:
In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum.
I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.
We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.
Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection.
In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.
Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other.
There’s a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live.
She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below. ▆Answers for reference:
After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much horrified Aunt Susan was every day, and how much overjoyed she was to see Uncle Robert back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced, in their daily life, giving and sharing instead of pursuing passion and romance, or making complaints. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.
Unit Three
Friendship
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following
sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
a)bound
b)unfolded
c)possessing
d)has surpassed
e)appointed
f)virtues
g)had corresponded
h)gazed
i)keen
j)grasped
k)grounded
l)sensible
m)commitments
n)regulating
4.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use
them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise.
Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1)distinguish between
2)checked up on
3)torn down
4)make a fortune
5)all of a sudden
6)lost track of
7)Casting an eye over
8)broke up
9)take pleasure in
10)described as
11)turned up
12)in so far as
13)is under arrest
14)pass on
15)as to
▆Increasing Your Word Power
1.The preposition “as” is often used together with some verbs to describe the fact that sb./sth.
has a particular function, role or job. Translate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the “verb… as” collocation.
▆Answers:
1)accept…as 接受……为
2)respect… as 尊重……为
3)define…as 把……定义为
4)describe… as 把……描述成
5)picture… as 把……想象成
6)regard … as 把……看作
7)see…as 把……看作
8)view … as 把……看作
Now complete the following sentences by using the “verb + as” collocation.
1)him both as a father and as a writer
2)myself as a swan dancing on the lake
3)the challenge as an opportunity to test his courage
4)me as one of their family members
5)it as a joke
6)Mark as being in his late teens, tall and friendly to everyone
7)as the greatest painter of his time
8)love as a way of life, while others define it as a way to feel
2.Did you notice the suffix “-al” or “-ial” in the words “trial” and “arrival” in this unit? The
suffix “–al” or “-ial” can be added to verbs to form nouns. Put down the noun forms of the following verbs in the space provided.
▆Answers:
1) arrive →arrival 2) try →trial
3) approve →approval 4) betray →betrayal
5) bury →burial 6) dismiss →dismissal
7) dispose →disposal 8) propose →proposal
9) refuse →refusal 10) remove →removal
11) survive →survival 12) withdraw →withdrawal
Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words with the suffix “–al” or “–ial” from the above table.
1)refusal
2)arrivals
3)removal
4)dismissal
5)survival
6)proposal
7)disposal
8)approval
Grammar in context
1.In Unit 2 and Unit 3 you find the following sentences containing “no matter what”,
“whenever” and “whatever.”
Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the bracket into English, using “no matter what (who, which, how, etc.)” or “whatever (whoever, whichever, however, etc.) .”
▆Answers for reference:
1)whichever tent you are not using now
2)whoever comes /come first
3)whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best
4)Wherever / No matter where I go
5)whatever wishes their child/children expresses/express
6)However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings/
environment/situation
7)Whoever breaks it
8)whenever he concentrates on a problem
2.The structure “It is…that/who…” is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following
sentences taken from Text A.
Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).
▆Answers for reference:
1)It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success.
2)Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.
3)It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust.
4)It was clearly the headmaster himself who/that opened the door for me.
5)NONE
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given.
▆Answers:
1)classical
2)notion
3)utility
4)ground
5)occurs
6)goodness
7)as to
8)possesses
9)bound
10)mirror
11)virtuous
12)commitment
13)moral excellence
Translation
1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
7)The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not
easy for the friendship grounded on common /s hared interest to break up.
8)Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer
games.
9)There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to
expect a person to know / keep track of everything.
10)Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call /
is called “the court of morality”.
11)Today’s culture is described as“fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be/are doing,
people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.
12)As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and
earn / work for it.
a)Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box
below.
▆ Answers for reference:
As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher,and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call “true friendship”. It is in the company of such friends that we find ourselves surpassing our old selves and becoming better persons / people.
Unit Four
sports
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▇Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the
following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▇Answers:
1) narrowly
2) proceeded
3) features
4) crawl
5) spun
6) flashed
7) qualify
8) Despite
9) congratulate
10) consultant
11) compete
12) disciplined
13) confessed
14) tripped
2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know
how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▇Answers:
1) kind of
2) are in for
3) came in
4) rose to their feet
5) brought up
6) made … a fool of herself
7) under wraps
8) get hot under the collar
9) looked the part
10) in an emergency
11) has had her eye on
12) is … taking shape
13) bring out
14) put in/ squeeze in
15) win … hands down
▇Increasing Y our Word Power
1.Choose two verbs from Column B for each noun in Column A, paying attention to the v.+ n.
collocation. Write down the verbs in the space provided before the corresponding noun. The first item has been done for you.
Answers:
Column A Column B
1)break / set the record applaud form
2）embody / represent an idea award hold
3）award / win a medal break host
4）hold/ host the Olympic Games congratulate reach
5）applaud / congratulate an Olympic champion cross represent
6) form/ forge a friendship embody set
7) cross/ reach the finish line forge win
Now fill in each blank in the following sentences with a verb in Column B. Change the verb form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1)applaud
2)embodies/represents
3)forged/formed
4)congratulated
5)broken
6)awarded
7)crossed/reached
8)host
2. The suffix “–cy” can be added to some adjectives, nouns or verbs to form nouns, meaning “the state or quality of…”, or “the status or position of…”. Now form new words after the example and give their meanings in Chinese. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
▇Answers:
1) accurate →accuracy 精确，准确(度)
2) adequate →adequacy 适当；充分
3) consistent →consistency 一致性；连贯性
4) delicate →delicacy 细致;精致
5) efficient →efficiency 效能，效率
6) intimate →intimacy 亲密，密切
7) president →presidency 总统等的职位
8) private →privacy 隐私；独处
9) secret →secrecy 保密；保密能力
10) self-sufficient →self-sufficiency 自给自足
Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words you have just formed.
▇Answers:
1) secrecy
2) presidency
3) consistency
4) efficiency
5) privacy
6) intimacy
7) accuracy
8) self-sufficiency
9) adequacy
10) delicacy
Grammar in Context
1.Study the following sentences, each of which contains either an “appositive phrase” or an
“appositive clause”, and then do the following task.
Now translate the following sentences into English, using either an “appositive phrase” or an “appositive clause” .
▇Answers for reference:
1) Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends.
2) The President of the company, Mrs Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting.
3) The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom.
4) You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested.
5) The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008
Olympic Games.
2. Study the following sentences from this unit, paying special attention to the constructions
“not… but…” and “not only/simply…but (also)…”, and then do the following task.
Now answer the questions with the help of the hints given in brackets, using the constructions “not… but…” and “not only/simply…but (also)…”.
▇Answers for reference:
1) No, he didn’t come to help, but to hinder us.
2) It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism.
3) No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning.
4) I’m not only willing, but (also) eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup.
5) No. He translates into English not only from French, but (also) from Polish.
6) Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises.
Cloze
▇Answers:
(1) disciplined
(2) having … eye … on
(3) hands down
(4) in for
(5) hitting
(6) under wraps
(7) add…support to
(8) hot under the collar
(9) fouling
(10) tremendously
(11) reassured
(12) qualify
(13) formed/forged
(14) breaking
Translation
1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in
brackets.
▇Answers for reference:
1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public
concern.
2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a
report on Japanese cooking culture.
3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble,
my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated.
4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing
glasses and a brand-new suit.
5)Having tripped over another athlete’s foot, he fell down on the track, but soon rose to his
feet and limped to the finish line.
6)On such a grand occasion I d idn’t want to make a fool of myself, so I decided to take the
challenge and compete against that youngster.
2. Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.
▇Answers for reference:
A gold medal is a tribute to the athletic talent, determination and courage of an Olympic champion. Then how do the athletes make themselves fortunate enough to be so highly honored? The champions who have mounted the winners’ stand can offer an answer based on their own experiences. First, in the course of training, they visualize themselves as champions. Once their dreams of becoming champions take shape, they will cling to them courageously. What’s more, top performers are driven to bring out their best. They discipline themselves and s queeze in every possible minute to practice every day. Despite their relentless efforts, they may sometimes fail to win or narrowly miss a gold medal, yet they believe in themselves and never lose heart. They are ready to take on the most psychologically and technically challenging tasks or competitions. In reality, all champions have experienced lots of hardships on their way to the vital break of their lifetime. So we won’t and can’t say that a champion is lucky. After all, luck only strikes those prepared to capitalize on it.
Listen and Respond
Task One Focusing on the Main Ideas
Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.
1) What should you do when you are traveling abroad according to the speaker?
A) Get to know about the manners of the foreign country.
B) Try to remember your own manners.
C) Read some books about the manners of that country.
D) Observe closely the foreigners’ manners.
2) How do A mericans feel when Chinese point to the nose to indicate ―me‖?
A) They think it strange. B) They feel it funny.
C) They find it amazing. D) They feel puzzled.
3) Who never bothers to use two hands to give or receive a gift?
A) Chinese. B) Bulgarians.
C) Indians. D) Americans.
4) To Indians, what is the left hand used for?
A) Serving dishes. B) Passing food at table.
C) Washing themselves. D) Showing disagreement.
5) What does the passage mainly tell us?
A) It is necessary to adapt to different cultures.
B) Cultural misunderstanding is common today.
C) Cultural differences are a worthy topic to study.
D) People of different cultures may have different manners.
Task Two Zooming In on the Details
Listen to the recording again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.
1) When Chinese stamp their feet to show anger , Americans interpret this as showing impatience . Chinese clap for themselves after a speech. Americans may see this as being immodest .
2) Americans may pat other adults on the head to show sympathy, affection, or encouragement. This behavior could insult Chinese.
3) A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there think it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.
4) Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at the other to show that he is disagreeing. But in many other parts of India a rotating movement of the head is to show agreement .
5) In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander.
Read and Explore
Task One Discovering the Main Ideas
1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1) What causes culture shock according to the author?
Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing the familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs and symbols include all the countless ways and means we resort to for daily survival.
2) How does an individual feel when he or she enters a strange culture?
Like a fish out of water, he or she feels frustrated and anxious.
3) How do people react to the frustration and anxiety caused by culture shock? At first they may reject the environment which causes the discomfort, thinking that the ways of the host country are bad because they make them feel bad. And then they may enter another phase of culture shock, which is called
―regression‖. They start missing their home country and the home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. All the difficulties and problems back home are forgotten and only the good things are remembered.
4) What is the relationship between culture and the individual?
The individual lives not only in a physical environment but also in a cultural environment. The individual must learn the culture he or she is born into because he or she is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. Once learned, culture becomes a way of life.
5) What is ethnocentrism and what characterizes it?
Ethnocentrism is a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. People with this attitude identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark that is rude to the individual as well as to the race or the nation. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.
6) What can we do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible?
To get over culture shock as quickly as possible, we have to get to know the people of the host country. For this purpose, we must, first of all, learn its language. When we are able to talk with the natives of the host country, we will be confident and a whole new world of cultural meanings will open up for us. Then, we must try to find out the value and interest pattern of the native people. In this way, we can find it quite easy to get people to talk to us and be interested in us. Thirdly, we can join the activities of the people, whether it is a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.
2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.
Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea
One 1–3 We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.
Two 4–6 Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other people’s cultural background and our lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment.
Three 7–9 To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.
Task Two Reading Between the Lines
Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.
1. We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. (Para. 1)
People working under the same conditions may contract occupational diseases owing to the dangers associated with the work. More broadly and figuratively,
Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by
3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .
Unit One People Around Us Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) crease 2) hint 3) assured 4) awaiting 5) hovering 6) scrawled 7) glistening 8) frail 9) sole 10) visible 11) engaged 12) biased 13) dreading 14) grinning 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) for fear of 2) pulled up 3) except for 4) get by 5) make a living 6) every so often 7) in the background 8) Shut off 9) each and every 10) as it is 11) wraps … around her little finger 12) caught us …unawares ▆Increasing Y our Word Power 1.Choose the definition from Column B that best matches each phrasal verb in Column A, paying attention to the V+ Prep./Ad. collocation.
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.
B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.
U5 1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。 Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for the success of one’s future work and studies. 2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。 Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are. U6 1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。 As a proof of our hospitality，we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.
1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker.(我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而感到自豪） 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”(奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼;天哪，我们要赶不上火车了！) 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?(我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问；在这种情况下，年轻的父母是得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？） 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. （昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣 的小女孩。） 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 1)In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. （无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。） 2)I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. （我 把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人） 3)We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. （我们带父母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但是一切都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病) 4)Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5)In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6)Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public concern. (当下汽油价格达到历史新高，这引发了公众的广泛关注） 2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture. （他发现鱼和米方是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报道） 3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble, my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated. （观众们以为我会轻而昐举名列第一名，哪知我使他们大吃一惊。因为跌倒，我获得花样滑冰金牌的希望就化为了泡影） 4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and