一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.
二、过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
三、过去完成时的主要用法
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在told 之前)
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already ，yet ，still ，just ，before ，never 等时间副词及by ，before ，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （had worked 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）
五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ，after ，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light an d read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
英语过去完成时重难点实例讲解
要掌握好英语过去完成时，最关键的一点是要掌握它的含义。现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候，都用了一句流行的说法，叫“过去的过去”。虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点，但究竟什么才叫“过去的过去”呢？如果不搞清它的含义，只是去记住什么时间状语(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等，是不能很好掌握过去完成时的。
一、重点
英语中，已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么还有过去完成时呢？要记住：过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过去时；但是，如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的，怎么办呢？那就是：哪个事件先发生，就用过去完成时；哪个事件后发生，就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中，如果A事件先发生，A就用过去完成时；如果B事件先发生，B就用过去完成时；而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。请看例句：［例1］She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
［例2］When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
［例3］We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
［例4］Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
［例5］The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.
在上面的五个例子中，我们只要稍微分析一下，就可以发现：每个例子讲述的内容中，都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的：
［例1］……said…… had never been to(先没有“去”，后“说”)
［例2］……arrived……had run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”)
［例3］…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先“希望”，后才发生“没去”)［例4］……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先“离开”，后“到达”和“失望”)
［例5］……were writing……went ……had left(先“离开”，后“到”和“写”)
二、难点
过去完成时的难点在于：有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件，因此无法比较两个事件的先后。那为什么也用过去完成时呢？请看下面的例句：
［例1］By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
实际上，在上面的例句中，仍然有着“先、后”之分的。不过，这次不是A、B两件事件的先后，而是有两个过去时间的“先、后”关系。
首先，句子中有个明确的过去时间点：12岁。说他“12岁”，显然是过去式。那么，紧接着说“他已经开始谋生了”，这个“谋生”是发生在“12岁”时，还是“12岁”前，还是“12岁”后？答案是肯定的：他的“谋生”发生在“12岁”之前!也就是说，“12岁”已经是一般过去时，而在“12岁”之前发生的事，当然是过去完成时。所以，在那么多表示时间状语的词中，大家要特别注意By、Until等的用法。可以说，在讲述过去的事件中，如果出现By……时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了。(当然，我说的是很有可能。)
类似的时间表达方式还有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义，不管句子怎么变化，应该没有多大的问题。例如：
［例2］Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month.
此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点"then"(那时)，而"hadn't heard"发生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是过去完成时。再举两个例子，请大家自己分析：
［例3］We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
［例4］I waited until he had finished his homework.
［例5］We had got to the station before 10:00.
过去完成时练习和分析
［提示］请先阅读本站的文章“过去完成时重难点实例讲解”，然后完成下列练习。
汉译英1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。
3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。
4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。
5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。
6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。
7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书，因为她已经为自己买了一本。8.他问李先生是否已经回来了
9.我听说他住那五年了。
1. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?
［注］两个时间点的比较。
2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.
［注］两个时间点的比较。
3. We had got to the station before 10:00.
［注］两个时间点的比较。
4. He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school.
［注］两个事件的比较。
5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.
［注］两个事件的比较。
6. I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left Beijing.
［注］两个事件的比较。
7. I did not give the book to Wei Hua yesterday, because she had already bought a copy for herself.
［注］两个事件的比较。
8. He asked if Mr Li had already come back.
［注］两个事件的比较。
9. I heard he had lived there for five years.
［注］两个事件的比较。
练习
1 They usually_____TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
2 The sun ___ in the east and___ in the west.
A. raises; set
B. rise; sets
C. rises; sets
D. rises; set
3 Our teacher will return by the time school________.
A. will begin
B. began
C. is beginning
D. begins
4 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?
-So do I, but my sister ___.
A. hasn't
B. doesn't
C. didn't
D. won't
5 -That ten pound note belongs to me. --__________
A. Yes, it belongs
B. No, it doesn't
C. Yes, it is
D. No, it isn't
6 She will go if it ___ tomorrow.
A. isn't rain
B. don't rain
C. doesn't rain
D. didn't rain
初中英语综合时态练习(1)
B.1 .My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year now.
A. joined…has become
B. joined…has been
C. has joined…has been
D. did join…had been
C.2. Neither of us ______ a doctor.
A. were
B. am
C. is
D. are C.3. Mr Zhao doesn’t like swimming, _____?
A. didn’t he
B. did he
C. does he
D. won’t he
C.4. I’ll talk to him when he ______.
A. come
B. will come
C. comes
D. came
C.5. They _____ supper when we _____ into the room.
A. are having…went
B. were having…go
C. were having…went
D. are having…go
D.6. We’ll go climbing if it _____ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain
B. did rain
C. isn’t rain
D. doesn’t rain
A.7. I don’t know if it _____ tomorrow.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rain
D.8. Nathan Hale ____ he ____ his life for his country.
A. said…give
B. says…will give
C. said…gives
D. said…would give
C.9. Most people ____ TV.
A. enjoy to watch
B. enjoy watch
C. enjoy watching
D. enjoys watching
A.10.Father ____ his cap and went out.
A. put on
B. puts on
C. had put
D. will put on
B.11.How long _____ your uncle ____ in the army ?
A. has…joined
B. has…been
C. does…join
D. had…joined
D.12.Peter _____ the work in a week.
A. have finished
B. finishes
C. is finishing
D. will finish
A.13.The students _____ the History Museum if it _____ fine tomorrow.
A. will visit….is
B. will visit…will be
C. would visit …was
D. would visit…would be
A.14.Joan ____ me whether I _____ the book before.
A. asked…had read
B. asked…shall read
C. asked…would read
D. asked…has read
C.15.By the end of last term, we _____ Book Five.
A. have learned
B. would learn
C. had learned
D. were learning
A.16._____ she _____ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ?
A. Was…going over
B. Is…go over
C. Has…gone over
D. Will…go over
C.17.He can’t go to the cinema with me b ecause he ____ a meeting.
A. was having
B. would have
C. is having
D. had
A.18.Both of the two dictionaries ____ very useful.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. am C.19. He _____ to me since last month.
A. didn’t write
B. hadn’t written
C. hasn’t written
D. won’t write
D.20. Xu Ping ____ to Japan only once.
A. has gone
B. had gone
C. had been
D. has been
B.21. Nobody ____ the answer.
A. have known
B. knew
C. didn’t know
D. are knowing
B.22.______ you ever ____ to Nanjing ?
A. Have…gone
B. Have…been
C. Do…go
D. Will …go
C.23. He ____ he ____ something wrong before.
A. says…was
B. say….have done
C. said…had done
D. said…would do
D.24. He ____ me he ____ an interesting book.
A. tell…would borrow
B. told …will borrow
C. tell…will borrow
D. told …had borrowed
B.25. Thomas Edison ____ already ____ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he ____ ten.
A. has…built…was
B. had…built…was
C. would…build…was
D. was…building…is
A.26. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _____ to work in a factory.
A. began
B. has begun
C. will begin
D. begins
D.27. One day while I ____ along the street, I ____ someone calling.
A. walked…was hearing
B. was walking…has heard
C. was wa lking…had heard
D. was walking…heard
C.28. Neither I nor he _____.
A. can swims well
B. are swimming well
C. swims well
D. have swum well
D.29. ____ you ____ where your sister has gone ?
A. Did …know
B. Will…know
C. Are…know
D. Do …know C.30. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday.
A. not did
B. don't do
C. didn’t do
D. won’t do
C.31. The door of her room _____ every day.
A. are not cleaned
B. not are cleaned
C. is not cleaned
D. not is cleaned
D.32.No rubbish ____ for three weeks.
A. collected
B. is collected
C. has collected
D. has been collected
B.33.By 1980 the bridge ______.
A. was completed
B. had been completed
C. has been completed
D. have been completed
B.34.Another railway bridge ____ there now.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. is built
D. has been built D.35. ____ the water in the wet clothes ____ vapor now ?
A. Are…turned into
B. Is…turned into
C. Are…being turned into
D. Is…being turned into
C.36. ____ this film ____ last week ?
A. Did…show
B. Has…been shown
C. Was…shown
D. Was…be shown
A.37.He told me that the composition ____ by him.
A. was not written
B. not was written
C. is not written
D. not is written
D.38._____ the play ____ again next week ?
A. Will…put on
B. Is…put on
C. Will be…put on
D. Will…be put on
A.39._____ the exercises ____ tomorrow ?
A. May…be handed in
B. May be…handed in
C. May be handed…in
D. May handed…in
B.40.She ____ to a hospital at once.
A. must send
B. must be sent
C. must to be sent
D. had to send
B.41. Mike usually ____ up at six in the morning.
A. get
B. gets
C. got
D. will get
B.42. The sun _____ us light and heat.
A. give
B. gives
C. will give
D. often give
A.43.Tom looked sad and cried , “ I ____ terrible !”
A. am feeling B feels C. will feel D. have felt
D.44.At that time , things _____ hard for the working people.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
D.45. Long long ago, there ____ a farmer in a small village.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. lived
C.46. Could you sh ow me the way to No, 5 Middle School ? I’m afraid I couldn’t . I _____
never _____ there.
A. do…go
B. did…go
C. have…been
D. had …been
C.47. We ____ a meeting these days.
A. have
B. had
C. are having
D. were having
A.48. The oldest kind of computer _____ the abacus.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. have been
B.49. I ____ the boy in the classroom just now .
A. see
B. saw
C. have seen
D. had seen
D.50. Mr Black was surprised, “ I ______ I lost my wallet. “
A. know
B. don’t know
C. knew
D. didn’t know D.51.The guard said, “ I am sorry. I ____ .”
A. don’t know it is you
B. didn’t know it is you
C. don’t know it was you
D. didn’t know it was you
B.52.The fisherman said to the Genie, “ You’re so big and jar is so small. ____ you really in the jar ?”
A. Are
B. Were
C. Was
D. Wasn’t
B.53.He is going to be a doctor when he _____.
A. grow up
B. grows up
C. will grow up
D. is going to grow up
B.54. Grandma said she would tell me a story when she _____.
A. has time
B. had time
C. would have time
D. would has time
B.55. I’ll tell him all about it as soon as he ____.
A. come back
B. comes back
C. will come back
D. is going come back
B.56. ____ we set off right away ?
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Are
D. Do
D.57. It seems it ______.
A. will rain
B. shall rain
C. rains
D. is going to rain
A.58. My little sister ____ six next month.
A. will be
B. shall be
C. can be
D. is going to
B.59. Go down the street and turn right at the first crossing . You _____ our school.
A. find
B. will find
C. shall find
D. are going to find
A.60. It’s nothing serious. Yo ur son ____ all right by supper time.
A. will be
B. shall be
C. is
D. is going to be
B.61. Work hard, and you ____ catch up with the others.
A. can be
B. Will
C. shall
D. are going to
C.62. Where is Jenny ? She ____ in the next room.
A. do some reading
B. does some reading
C. is doing some reading
D. will do some reading
D.63. Look! Tom ____ in the river.
A. go swimming
B. goes swimming
C. going to swimming
D. is swimming
D.64. His sister __ ___ cakes. That’s why her hands are all covered with flour （面粉）.
A. makes
B. made
C. will make
D. is making
C.65. Listen carefully ! Can you hear what the professor ____ ?
A. talks about
B. talked about
C. is talking about
D. will talk about
C.66. What ____ you ____ this time yesterday ?
A. do…do
B. are…doing
C. were…doing
D. would…do
D.67. When I got there, the Browns ____ at the lunch table.
A. is siting
B. are sitting
C. was siting
D. were sitting C.68. It suddenly began to rain while I ______ the bus.
A. wait
B. waited
C. was waiting for
D. were waiting for
C.69. It ____ hard when I was on my way to the cinema.
A. rain
B. raining
C. was raining
D. were raining
B.70. The train will arrive _____.
A. after an hour
B. in an hour
C. an hour later
D. for an hour
C.71. How may English films ____ since last year ?
A. do you see
B. did you see
C. have you seen
D. had you seen
C.72. _____ the film yet ? Yes. I ______ it just now.
A. Do you see…see
B. Did you see…have seen
C. Have you seen…saw
D. Have you seen…have seen
C.73. Mr Smith works in Beijing. He ____ since 1978.
A. has come there
B. has came there
C. has been there
D. has gone there
D.74. Comrade Wang came back last night. Where _____?
A. has he gone
B. had he gone
C. has he been
D. had he been
A.75. Mrs Brown is out. Where _____?
A. has she gone
B. had she gone
C. has she been
D. had she been
D.76. Her grandma ____ for five years.
A. dies
B. has died
C. was dead
D. has been dead A.77. Have you ____ heard the story about Edison ?
A. ever
B. never
C. even
D. once
D.78. He asked if you ____ to Peter.
A. wrote
B. had wrote
C. have wrote
D. had written
B.79. The lights ____ when I got to the cinema.
A. have already gone out
B. had already gone out
C. have already be out
D. had already went out
C.80. Did you give a ticket to Li Hua yesterday ? No, Because she ____ for herself.
A. has bought it
B. has bought one
C. had bought one
D., had bought it
C.81. Yesterday some foreign friends came to our village. They ____ a long way before they arrived
A. traveled
B. have traveled
C. had traveled
D. are travelling
D.82.By the time I left school I ____ English for six years.
A. studied
B. has studied
C. have studied
D. had studied
D.83. How many concerts ____ by the end of next month.
A. does the pianist give
B. had the pianist given
C. has the pianist given
D. is the pianist going to give
C.84. He ____ for three years.
A. has joined the Youth League
B. had joined the Youth League
C. has been a League member
D. had been a League member
A.85. The day after tomorrow ____ my birthday.
A. will be
B. should be
C. may be
D. is going to be
B.86. The workers said that they would all leave if John _____.
A. stay
B. stayed
C. stays
D. was going to stay D.87.I _____ a manager when I grow up.
A. will to be
B. shall be
C. am
D. am going to be
B.88. I went out with them after I ____ a meeting.
A. have
B. had
C. have had
D. was having
C.89.I’ve worked in the factory ____.
A. since three years
B. before three years
C. since three years ago
D. for three years ago
B.90.Joan is not here. She _____ in the next room.
A. does some washing
B. is doing some washing
C. will do some washing
D. has done some washing
D.91. I wrote a letter five days ago, but I _____ it in my pocket all these days.
A. keep
B. kept
C. have keeping
D. have kept
B.92. We ____ about you just now.
A. are talking
B. were talking
C. talk
D. have talked
B.93.Liu Ping said she ____ to my house tomorrow.
A. will come
B. would come
C. will go
D. would go C.94. I have just had my lunch. I _____ it at home.
A. have had
B. had had
C. had
D. have
A.95. The farmers _____ on the farm when suddenly a strange voice was heard.
A. were working
B. worked
C. are working
D. work
D.96. The British officers knew that Nathan Hale was an American spy, because they ____ that
he ____some drawings of
their defence works
A. found…made
B. has found…made
C. had found…made
D. found…had made
B.97. My brother ____ in the paper factory since he ____ college three years ago.
A. had worked…left
B. has worked…left
C. had worked…was leaving
D. has worked…was leaving
A.98. Our maths teacher ____ the post office when I _____ him.
A. was passing…saw
B. passed…was seeing
C. passed…had seen
D. was passing…was seeing
B.99. He asked me whether I ____ the play before.
A. have seen
B. had seen
C. saw
D. was seeing
A.100. The rain stopped ten minutes _____.
A. ago
B. before
C. after
D. since
A.101. My brother _____ the army for three years.
A. has been in
B. has joined
C. has taken part in
D. has got to
A.102. Mr Black has sold his car. He _____ a new one.
A. is going to buy
B. is buying
C. buys
D. was going to buy
A.103. He went to bed after he ____ his work.
A. did
B. does
C. has done
D. have done
C.104. Your mother _____ you at the gate.
A. waits for
B. wait for
C. is waiting for
D. waiting for
A.105. Where ___ you _____ ? I ______ the library.
A. hav e…been…have been to
B. have…been…have gone to
C. have…gone…have gone to
D. have…gone…have gone to C.106. ____ when school was over yesterday ?
A. Does it rain
B. Did it rain
C. Was it raining
D. Is it raining
C.107. I ____ a letter to you last month. _____ you ____ it ?
A. have written…Have…received
B. had written…Have…received
C. wrote…Have…received
D. was writing…Did…write
A.108. How long _____ Jack ?
A. have you known
B. have you got to know
C. did you know
D. did you get to know
C.110. Mr Black isn’t in. But he ____ at home at about seven tonight. He usually ____ back from work at a quarter to seven.
A. will be…will come
B. is …will come
C. will be…comes
D. is …comes
D.111. The train ____ here for ten minutes .
A. has stopped
B. has come
C. has got
D. has been
B.112. I’m looking for my watch. I ____ it a moment ago.
A. lost
B. lost
C. have lost
D. was lost
C.113. You are my pupil now, because I ____ you a little.
A. teach
B. will teach
C. have taught
D. had taught
D.114. When he sees me, he always ____ to me.
A. smile
B. is smiling
C. smiled
D. will smile
B.115. I think he ____ right now.
A. reads
B. is reading
C. read
D. would read
C.116. Whenever I ____ these days. I always carry my umbrella.
A. will go out
B. shall go out
C. go out
D. am going out
B.117. By this time tomorrow, I ____ the book.
A. will finish to read
B. will have finished reading
C. will finish reading
D. will have finished to read
D.118. We _____ for Shanghai tonight.
A. start
B. started
C. have started
D. are starting
D.119. I _____ to school, only to find out that it was a holiday.
A. hurry
B. had hurried
C. have hurried
D. hurried
D.120. Please tell me why you ____ absent from school last week.
A. had been
B. have been
C. are
D. were
C.121. I ____ along the street when I caught sight of an old friend of mine.
A. went
B. had gone
C. was going
D. would go
B.122. I ____ much farther before I caught up with them.
A. was not going
B. did not go
C. had not gone
D. had not been going
B.123. The teacher _____ it was important to know some English.
A. had always been saying
B., was always saying
C. had always said
D. was always said
C.124. It ____ as the troops made their way to the front.
A. was snowed
B. had been snowing
C. was snowing
D. had snowed
D.125. I knew I could not finish the work _____.
A. by he had come
B. until he had come
C. when he would come
D. before he came
D.126. John was tired out. He ____ all day.
A. was working
B. had been worked
C. worked
D. had been working
C.127. The water was still below my waist, but it ____ all the time.
A. rose
B. raised
C. was rising
D. was raising
初中英语综合时态练习(2)
C. 1. Can you imagine how the game _____?
A. won
B. had won
C. was won
D. wins
C. 2. Is this the first time you _____ Beijing ?
A. visit
B. visited
C.. have visited
D. have been visiting
C. 3. If you ____ quiet, I’ll tell you what has happened.
A. are
B. are to be
C. will be
D. were
D. 4. I had hoped Mr Smith _____ me an early reply.
A. gave
B. to give
C. giving
D. would give
B. 5. Don’t get off the bus until it ______.
A. stopped
B. has stopped
C. will stop
D. would stop
C. 6. My boss has just rung me up, telling me to shorten my holiday. And I _____ back to my office by Friday.
A. expect
B. am expecting
C. am
expected D. will
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
初中过去完成时练习题及答案初中过去完成时知识训练过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，为八大时态之一。下面是为大家的初中过去完成时练习题及答案，欢迎阅读! 希望对大家有所帮助! 初中过去完成时练习题及答案 练习一： 一. 用动词的适当形式填空 1. We ____________ (paint) the house before we _____________ (move) in. 2. That rich old man ___________ (make) a will before he ____________ (die). 3. They ____________ (study) the map of the country before they _______ (leave). 4. The robbers ___________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive). 5 . I _________ (turn off) all the lights before I ___________ (go) to bed. 6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he _____________ (make) a phone call. 7. ____________ T om _____________ (say) he (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we ______________ (make) a bad mistake. 9. Whenthe chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he ____________ (leave)the hall. 10. ________________ The Reads __ (have) lunch when I _______________ (get) to their house. 11. ____________________ W hen I (arrive) at the station, he ___________________ (leave). 12. ____________________ W e (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he ______________ (finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she ______ already _____ (do) 15.She __________ (not go) to Qingdao because she _______________ (be) there before. 16. He ____________ (not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he ____________ already ________ (give) the book to the teacher. 18. I ____________ (be) to Shanghai before. 19. ___________________________ She told me she (be) to Sanya three times. 20.She ___________ （play） the guitar while her sister ______________ （sing）.
过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
《现在完成时》单元测试题(含答案) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it? —In July. I _____it for two weeks. A. had B. have had C. have bought D. bought 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的新自行车那么好看。你什么时候买的。——七月份，我买了两周了。根据for two weeks，可知句子时态为现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性的。因此排除AD，buy是结束性动词，不能够延续，应此排除，故答案是B。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意现在完成时中延续性动词的使用。 2．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? —Because I all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.
完成时态 1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 have
人教版英语《英语现在完成时》单元测试题(含答案) 含答案百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is your mother? —She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in D. has gone to; has been to 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周了。has been to”去过某地“，现在已经回来了；has gone to”去了某地“，还没有回来；has been in”待在某地“一段时间。根据句意Where is your mother?可知，她的妈妈还没有回来，第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks，应该用be in，故应选C。 【点评】考查动词的时态，以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。4．So far Tom with Mary _______ 50 left -behind children to do their homework after school.
过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
现在完成时 一、其构成 "助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如： 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。 二、其用法与标志词 (一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如： 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -___________ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。 (二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如： 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。 2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。3. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard 析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。 三、have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如： 1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。 2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。 四、现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如： 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子) 析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) ________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。 3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。 一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?