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开封高中15届高二第二次周测试题

开封高中15届高二第二次周测试题
开封高中15届高二第二次周测试题

2015届第二周测试政治试题

时间:60分钟满分:100分

一、单项选择题(每小题2.5分,共75分)

1.物理学有一条“熵定律”,该定律认为,开放的系统可以不断与外部交换能量和物质,从而有利于系统长期健康发展;反之,封闭系统则容易走向无序,导致原有结构的瓦解和制度的消亡。从哲学角度看,“熵定律”表明

A.一事物与周围的任何事物处于普遍联系之中

B.任何事物的整体功能总是大于各部分功能之和

C.联系是事物内部各个部分要素之间相互影响、相互制约的关系

D.一事物失去与周围事物的联系,就失去了其存在和发展的条件

2.交会对接技术是载人航天发展的三项基本技术之一。突破和掌握这一技术是建设载人空间站的基础和前提,对于实现我国载人航天工程“三步走”发展战略具有十分重要的意义。这主要说明了

A.部分能对整体发展起决定作用

B.量变是质变的前提和基础,质变是量变的必然结果

C.搞好部分,用局部的发展推动整体发展

D.联系构成了事物的运动、变化、发展

3.顶层设计这一概念来自于“系统工程学”,其字面含义是自高端开始的总体构想。今天已成为我国党和政府统筹内外政策和制定国家发展战略的重要思维方法。现阶段,党和政府按照“顶层设计”的思路推进改革,必须

①立足整体着眼于事物的整体性②遵循系统内部结构的有序性

③追求系统内部结构的优化趋同④维护广大人民群众最高利益

A.①②③ B.①④ C.①②④ D.③④

4.2012年8月13日闭幕的伦敦奥运会,中国队“新老交替,以新为主”的队伍经受住了考验。代表团中有62%运动员是第一次参加奥运,23枚金牌是由首次参赛的年轻选手争得。下列诗句能说明材料的是

A.江山代有才人出,各领风骚数百年

B.横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同

C.问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来

D.看似寻常最奇崛,成如容易却艰辛

5.在“十二五”规划建议中,沿袭多年的GDP硬性目标“隐居”了。有关人士指出,这不是说我们不再关心GDP增长的“快”,而是在当前特别强调转变经济发展方式,特别强调经济发展的“好”,避免一些地方片面追求经济发展的“快”。这说明

①联系是普遍的,联系是有条件的②变化就是发展③坚持用发展的观点看问题④搞好局部,使整体功能得到最大发挥

A. ①②

B. ②④

C. ①③

D. ③④

6.“道虽迩(注:迩音ěr,意:近),不行不至;事虽小,不为不成”(选自《荀子·修身》)。

这句话蕴涵的哲学道理是

①要充分而正确地发挥主观能动性②事物的发展总是从量变开始的

③发展的实质是新事物战胜旧事物④物质和意识相互依赖不可分割

A.①②

B.②③

C.①④

D. ③④

7.发展先进文化,既要继承传统文化中的精华,又要弃其糟粕。要跟上时代步伐、体现时代特征、与时俱进、增添新的内容,具有更强大的生命力和吸引力。决不能照搬旧文化,决不能因循守旧、裹足不前。这是说:

A.要坚持绝对运动与相对静止的统一 B.要看到事物是运动变化发展的

C.要看到时代是文化运动的载体D.要看到发展实质是新事物代替旧事物8.“稳中求进”是2012年中国经济发展的总基调。稳中求进,就是既要“稳”,也要“进”,稳中求进,进中保稳;不稳无法进,不进难以稳,“稳”为基础,最终是为了“进”。“稳”与“进”所体现的哲学智慧是

①事物的发展是前进性与曲折性的统一

②在社会实践中应坚持两点论和重点论的统一

③把握联系的普遍性、客观性,学会用联系的观点看问题

④事物的绝对运动是人们认识事物的基础

A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④

9.江泽民在深圳经济特区建立20周年庆祝大会上指出,经济特区要坚持进行“致富思源、富而思进”教育,把广大干部群众的力量凝聚到率先基本实现社会主义现代化上来。“致富思源、富而思进”体现的哲理是

A.看问题要坚持两点论和重点论的统一

B.事物的发展是前进性和曲折性的统一

C.看问题办事情要坚持联系的观点和发展的观点

D.科学理论对实践有指导作用

10.“现代科技瞬息万变,企业切不可以僵化、静止的观点来对待产品质量,认为一种名牌产品可以优势长存,一劳永逸的观点是错误的。”上述论断说明

A.世界是客观存在的物质世界

B.意识是客观事物在人脑中反映

C.人能够认识和利用规律

D.事物是变化发展的,必须用发展的观点看问题

11.“我以为,我无敌的权力能俘虏世界,赋予自己无限的自由。我夜以继日地工作,用烈火重重打造了这条锁链。等到工作完成,铁链牢不可破,我发现自己已被捆住。”这表明

A.实践与认识是辩证统一的 B.矛盾双方会相互转化

C.前进性与曲折性是辩证统一的 D.任何事物间存在矛盾

12.曹植七步诗的后两句是:本是同根生,相煎何太急。”其实,曹植和曹丕如果不是“同根生”,曹植的才华和抱负就不能对曹丕的皇位构成威胁,曹丕也无须去“煎”他。丕、植两兄弟的真实关系应该是:“只缘同根生,相煎分外急。”由此可知

A.矛盾双方没有对立,就没有统一

B.矛盾双方没有统一,就没有对立

C.矛盾双方互相依存,共处于一个统一体中

D.矛盾双方依据一定条件各向其相反方向转化

13.“泾溪石险人兢慎,终岁不闻倾履人。却是平流无石处,时时闻说有沉沦。”这首唐诗所包含的哲学道理主要是

A.矛盾双方各向自己相反的方向转化 B.事物发展是前进性与曲折性的统一

C.矛盾是事物发展的根本动力 D.事物发展是量变与质变的统一

14.古语云:万物并育而不相害,道并行而不相悖”。这就要求我们

A.要在对立中把握事物的同一性 B.要善于抓中心、抓重点、抓关键

C.要学会具体问题具体分析 D.要看到事物的对立性

15.挫折既是人生路上的“绊脚石”,又是前进道路上的“垫脚石”,这种看法A.是全面看问题的辩证观点 B.正确发挥了人的主观能动性

C.说明意识能反作用于物质 D.说明量变会引起质变

16.李政道说,科学与艺术是一枚硬币的两面,连接它们的是创造力;福楼拜说,科学与艺术“从山麓分手,又在山顶汇合”。从哲学上看,这两句话都强调了

A.矛盾的双方各有其特点 B.矛盾的双方对立统一

C.矛盾的双方相互转化 D.任何事物之间都是矛盾的

17.下面是常见镇痛药复方阿司匹林片的说明书(部分)。

①真理都有自己适用的条件和范围

②事物包含着对立统一的两个方面

③量变达到一定的程度会引起质变

④新事物对自身既有克服又有保留

A.①②B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

18.历届奥运会吉祥物在设计时都遵循了“越是民族的,越是世界的”的理念,将最耀眼的本土文化呈现给世人。从哲学上看,这是因为

A.整个世界是一个相互联系的统一整体 B.矛盾具有普遍性和客观性

C.整体由部分组成,整体离不开部分

D.矛盾的特殊性是一事物区别于其他事物的特殊本质

19.国泰民安是中国人历来的社会理想,而要长治久安就必须居安思危,因为“思所以危则安矣”。居安思危、思所以危则安是因为

①安和危作为矛盾双方是不同质的事物②安和危作为矛盾双方是同质的事物

③安和危作为矛盾双方可以互相包含④安和危作为矛盾双方可以互相转化

A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④

20.一般来说,在世界各国的工业化过程中,有三个阶段,一是以农养工的工业原始化积累阶段;二是农业、工业自我积累、自我发展的农工自养的工业化中期阶段;三是工业积累支援农业,即反哺农业的工业成熟阶段。材料体现的哲学道理是

A.不同事物的矛盾具有不同的特点

B.矛盾是指事物自身包含的既对立又统一的关系

C.同一事物的矛盾在不同发展阶段各有不同的特点

D.矛盾是世界上诸种事物之所以千差万别的内在原因

21.下列选项中,与量体裁衣包含同一哲理的是

A.牵牛要牵牛鼻子 B.好钢用在刀刃上

C.一分耕耘,一分收获D.因时制宜,因地制宜

22.建设社会主义新农村,必须坚持规划先行,抓好试点示范:“抓好试点示范”这一要求体现的哲理是

A.坚持量变质变的辩证统一 B.坚持整体和部分的辩证统一

C.坚持矛盾普遍性与特殊性的统一 D.坚持内因外因的辩证统一

23.“问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流”、“只恐双溪舴艋舟,载不动,许多愁”,“一川烟草,满城风絮,梅子黄时雨”,本来不易表现的愁思,在古代诗人的笔下却被描写得形态万千、生动感人,让人浮想联翩。这说明

A.发挥主观能动性可以改变事物的性质 B .真理是具体的、有条件的

C.普遍性寓于特殊性之中并通过其表现出来

D.人的主观世界必须在实践中才能得到改造

24.“茉莉、米兰香气袭人,可花并不艳丽;君子兰、牡丹雍容华贵,但并不那么香;玫瑰倒是色香俱全,却有刺。鲜者,取其鲜;香者,取其香;带刺者,更宜贵其鲜而香。”这段话给我们的启示是

A.只有正确的意识才是对客观事物的反映

B.获得正确的意识,必须做到客观与主观相符合

C.事物的性质是由主要矛盾决定的

D.看问题既要一分为二,又要分清主次

25.甲鞋厂推销员到某小国推销鞋子,发现这个国家多数人不穿鞋,认为鞋子在此地不会有销路,就打道回国。而乙鞋厂的推销员在此地却得出了完全不同的结论,回国建议厂长依据该国人的脚形特点生产适用的鞋向该国出口。结果,乙厂大获成功。从哲学角度看

A.一切从实际出发不能保证做任何事物都可以成功

B.人们的立场不同,对同一事物的反映也有差异

C.辩证地看待客观实际是办好一切事情的前提条件

D.外因是事物发展变化的重要条件

26.查·约翰逊在《通产省和日本的奇迹》一书中指出:“日本和美国同为资本主义市场经济,但是日本政府的功能在于为了经济发展而利用市插,而美国政府的功能着眼于调节市场规则,以法规维持市场经济。”这说明

①美国和日本政府都根据事国的条件、特点,采取不同的方法干预社会经济

②要用不同的方法解决不同的矛盾

③日本政府比美国政府更多地运用了市场调节的手段

④美国政府干预和管理经济的职能强于日本政府

A.①③ B.③④ C.①② D.②④

27.欧洲债务危机的本质原因就是政府的债务负担超过了自身的承受范围,而引起的违约风险。欧债危机的唯物辩证法启示有

①事物的性质是由主要矛盾的主要方面决定

②量变是质变的必要准备,要做好量的积累

③危机就是机遇,矛盾转化是无条件的

④具体问题具体分析是坚持唯物辩证法的前提

A.①② B.①③

C.②④ D.③④

28.自2012年3月28日国务院常务会议决定设立温州市金融综合改革试验区,温州金融综合改革试验区建设迎来第118天,温州金改的首场招商上首批26个项目沪上集体签约。改革试验区的措施体现了

A.特殊性寓于普遍性之中B.矛盾的统一性寓于斗争性之中

C.勇于面对矛盾才能找到解决矛盾的正确方法

D.矛盾的普遍性对特殊性有指导作用

29.下列成语与哲理对应正确的是

①白璧微瑕——看问题要分清主次矛盾

②叶落知秋——事物是普遍联系

③掩耳盗铃——发挥意识能动作用

④过犹不及——矛盾的对立统一

A.①② B.②③ C.②④ D.③④

30.在物理研究中,只要物体的形状和大小对所研究问题的影响很小,各种物体

就能被看作只有质量而无体积和形状的质点。质点忽略了复杂但次要或无关的因素,注

重研究运动和受力时物体对系统的影响。这体现的思想方法是

①从事物的个性中把握共性

②解决复杂问题时要突出重点

③认识事物时也不能忽视次要矛盾

④要坚持从局部入手认识整体

A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④

二、非选择题(25分)

材料一:受居民收入的提高、汽车成本降低、政策效应的影响,近年来汽车消费不断增长。2011年上半年我国汽车销量为932.52万辆,同比增长和3.35%。继续排名世界第一。有十几款车型,需要排队提车,有的需要等半年才能提车。人们在体会“汽车文明”带来的方便、舒适、快捷的同时,交通拥堵等负面效应也日益明显。

材料二:国外城市交通“缓堵”招数种种:

——纽约:私车一律停郊外

——华盛顿:“公交优先”,轿车分单双号入城

——东京:地铁至上

——伦敦:停车费抑制轿车

上述材料体现了唯物辩证法的什么道理?(16分)

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