AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth - the volcano. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it
八年级下学期全部长篇课文 Unit 1 3a P6 In ten years , I think I'll be a reporter . I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanfhai last year and fell in love with it. I think it's really a beautiful city . As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of interesting people. I think I'll live in an apartment with my best friends, because I don' like living alone. I'll have pets. I can't have an pets now because my mother hates them, and our apartment is too small . So in ten yers I'll have mny different pets. I might even keep a pet parrot!I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. During the week I'll look smart, and probably will wear a suit. On the weekend , I'll be able to dress more casully. I think I'll go to Hong Kong vacation , and one day I might even visit Australia. P8 Do you think you will have your own robot In some science fiction movies, people in the future have their own robots. These robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do most unpleasant jobs. Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. Scientist ae now trying to make robots look like people and do the same things as us. Janpanese companies have already made robts walk and dance. This kond of roots will also be fun to watch. But robot scientist James White disagrees. He thinks that it will be difficult fo a robot to do the same rhings as a person. For example, it's easy for a child to wake up and know where he or she is. Mr White thinks that robots won't be able to do this. But other scientists disagree. They think thast robots will be able t walk to people in 25 to 50tars. Robots scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people . For example, there are already robots working in factories . These robots look more like huge arms. They do simple jobs over and over again. People would not like to do such as jobs and would get bored. But robots will never bored. In the futhre, there will be more robots everwhere, and humans will have less work to do. New robots will have different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possibe now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed
激光晶体的现状及发展趋势分析 激光材料是激光技术发展的核心和基础，具有里程碑的意义和作用：20世纪60年代第一台红宝石晶体激光器问世，激光诞生；70年代掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd：YAG)[引，固体激光开始大力发展；80年代钛宝石晶体(Ti：A1203)E引，超短、超快和超强激光已成为可能，飞秒(fs)激光科学技术蓬勃发展、并渗透到各个基础研究和应用学科领域；90年代矾酸钇晶体(Nd：YV04) ,固体激光的发展进入新时期一全固态激光科学技术(SSDPL，Solid-state LD Pumped Laser)；进入新世纪，上世纪60年代初出现的激光和激光科学技术，正以其强大的生命力推动着光电子技术和产业的发展，激光材料也在单晶、玻璃、光纤和陶瓷等四方面全方位迅猛展开，如微一纳米级晶界，完整性好、制作工艺简单的微晶激光陶瓷和结构紧凑、散热好、成本低的激光光纤，正在向占据激光晶体首席达40年之久的Nd：YAG发出强有力的挑战，激光材料也已从最初的几种基质材料发展到数十种，受到各国政府、科学界乃至企业界的高度重视。 国内外现状和研究进展 1、中、小功率激光晶体 与Nd：YAG比较，Nd：YV04具有两个突出的特点：受激发射截面大，比Nd：YAG大5倍；808nm 具有相对宽的吸收带。因此，Nd：YV04具有低的泵浦阈值，特别适合用LD泵浦，从而实现了商品化的全固态激光器。对于LD泵浦掺Nd介质腔内倍频实现532nm的激光输出，Nd：YV04是一种最重要的材料。这是因为在端面泵浦的系统中，泵浦光束通常是高度聚焦的，很难在超过几毫米的距离内维持小的束腰，而吸收截面和增益都很高的Nd：YV04晶体就具有很大的优势。例如，中国科学院北京物理所和福建物构所等采用Nd：YVOt晶体为激光增益介质，LBO为倍频材料，通过腔内倍频，在泵浦功率为21．1W时，获得输出功率为5．25W的连续绿色激光。 但是，Nd：YV04和Nd：GdV04晶体的物化性能差，大尺寸晶体生长有一定的困难．美国曾尝试采用Nd：Sr5(V04)3F(SVAP)取代Nd：YV04．Nd：SVAP是在Nd：FAP晶体的基础上，经离子置换发展起来的一种新晶体，它保留了FAP的增益截面大、泵浦阈值低的优点，而机械性能有较大改进。 2、超快激光晶体 20世纪70-80年代，超快激光主要是采用被动锁模的染料激光器，可以产生亚ps级的短脉冲激光。80年代末期，发现了可调谐范围为660-1100nm的钛宝石(Ti：A1203)，其带宽非常有利于实现fs激光脉冲，而且具有受激发射截面大、激光损伤阈值高等优点。2001年，采用Kerr透镜被动锁模，获得了平均功率为100mW，脉宽为5,V6fs的激光脉冲，并且首次实现了fs脉冲运转下的波长宽带(400nm)调谐。钛宝石激光器基本上取代了染料激光器在超短脉冲激光领域中的位置，成为了最主要的超短脉冲激光振荡源。 太瓦、飞秒(注：太瓦即Tw，1012W；飞秒即fs，10--158)超快高功率激光在物理、化学以及生命科学等领域的强场物理研究、激光惯性约束核聚变(ICF)等方面具有广阔的应用前景。自1991年世界上第一台自锁模钛蓝宝石激光器研制成功以来，在短短的10多年里，钛蓝宝石激光器的脉宽从最初的皮秒(ps)发展到现在的几飞秒(6．5fs)，峰值功率由瓦提高到太瓦甚至拍瓦(即PW，1015w)，受到了世界各国的极大关注最为典型的是美国劳伦斯·里弗莫尔实验室(LLNL)获得了430fs、1．3PW、1021W／cm2的激光辐照强度，这一强度超过产生等离子体要求阈值的1000倍，该系统采用了3块大尺寸片状钛宝石晶体(两块100mm，一块咖80mm)作为放大器。因此研制出高光学均匀性、高浓度均匀性、大直径的钛宝石激光晶体，对于发展超短、超快、超强(“三超”)激光器具有重要意义。 美国Crystal System公司F．Schmid等人采用热交换法(HEM)可以生长出大尺寸(直径>80ram)、高质量的Ti：A1203激光晶体．该方法是目前世界上生产优质Ti：A1203晶体的主要方法之一，但它难于在零双折射方向(0001)上生长单晶，因此晶体利用率低。上海光机所的导向温度梯度法是生长大尺寸、高掺钛浓度(0．45wt％)、高峰值吸收系数(490nm处达7．0cm-1)和高完整性Ti：A1203晶体的有效技术。自1996年起，先后生长并提供优质的lOmmx lOmmx 15mm、15mmx 15mmx 15mm、20mmx 15mm、
高中英语选修 6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on
激光晶体的现状及发展趋势 1 引言 激光材料是激光技术发展的核心和基础，具有里程碑的意义和作用： 20世纪60年代第一台红宝石晶体激光器问世，激光诞生；70年代掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd：YAG)[引，固体激光开始大力发展；80年代钛宝石晶体(Ti：A1203)E引，超短、超快和超强激光已成为可能，飞秒(fs)激光科学技术蓬勃发展、并渗透到各个基础研究和应用学科领域；90年代矾酸钇晶体(Nd：YV04) ,固体激光的发展进入新时期一全固态激光科学技术(SSDPL，Solid-state LD Pumped Laser)；进入新世纪，上世纪60年代初出现的激光和激光科学技术，正以其强大的生命力推动着光电子技术和产业的发展，激光材料也在单晶、玻璃、光纤和陶瓷等四方面全方位迅猛展开，如微一纳米级晶界，完整性好、制作工艺简单的微晶激光陶瓷和结构紧凑、散热好、成本低的激光光纤，正在向占据激光晶体首席达40年之久的Nd：YAG发出强有力的挑战，激光材料也已从最初的几种基质材料发展到数十种，受到各国政府、科学界乃至企业界的高度重视。 2 国内外现状和研究进展 2．1高功率激光晶体 Nd：YAG的出现使得固体激光器真正开始大力发展，并实现商业化，因其增益高、热性能和机械性能良好而成为当前科研、工业、医学和军事应用中最重要的固体激光器。特别是在高功率连续和高平均功率固态激光器方面，20世纪90 年代前，闪光灯泵浦的Nd：YAG激光晶体独占熬头，单根棒的输出功率可达kW量级．随着激光二极管(LD)的迅速发展，大功率激光器的泵浦方式也有重大发展．LD 泵浦激光器的高效率、高质量、长寿命、高可靠性、小型化以及全固化等优越性是灯泵无法相比的． 1993年，LD泵浦的Nd：YAG板条已获得1．05kW的平均输出功率。 通过基质晶体中阳离子置换形成的Nd：GGG激光晶体，与Nd：YAG比较具有如下优点：(1)Nd3+在GGG中的分凝系数为0．5，是YAG(0．18)的近三倍；(2)Nd：GGG的平界面生长较Nd：YAG的凸界面更容易获得大尺寸、高质量的单晶体．而且，由于Nd：GGG具有好的热机械性能、化学稳定性、高的热导率，是新一代战略武
英语选修六课文翻译 第五单元
英语选修六课文翻译第五单元 reading An exciting job I have the greatest job in the world. travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world sometimes working outdoors sometimes in an office sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists I am never bored although my job is occasionally dangerous I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive However the most important thing about my job is that I heIp protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth-the volcano. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago My job is collecting information for a database about Mount KiLauea which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii Having collected and evaluated the information I help oyher scientists to predict where lava from the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses Unfortunately we cannot move their homes out of the way and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight. The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed duing the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets,big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
ND:YAG激光晶体生长及加工高科技项目 项目简介： 本项目是ND:YAG晶体的生长及加工，所采用的晶体生长方法为提拉法，ND:YAG晶体的生长工艺参数为2070℃—2100℃，提拉速度为0.6mm/H左右，转速17.5RPM 左右，晶体棒长度不小于180mm ，直径不小于50mm ，晶体呈淡紫色。生长出晶体后在对晶体毛坯进行定向、切割、粗磨、细磨、机抛及镀膜等加工工艺，最终产品为ND:YAG晶体棒。 Nd:yag晶体产品介绍： Nd:yag晶体产品： 1、钇铝石榴石的化学式是y3al5o15，简称为yag 。在yag 基质中掺入激活离子nd3（约0.6-1.1%）就成为nd ；yag 。实际制备时是将一定比例的al2o 2、y2o2和ndo3在单晶炉中溶化结晶而成。 2、nd ：yag 晶体产品特性 nd ：yag 属四能级系统，量子效率高，受激辐射面积大，所以它的阈值比红宝石和钕玻璃低得多。又由于nd ：yag 晶体具有优良的热学性能，因此非常适合制成连续和重频器件。它是目前在室温下能够连续工作的唯一固体工作物质，在中小功率脉冲件中，目前应用nd ：yag 的量远远超过其他工作物质。 生产原料： AI2.O2\Y2O2和NDO2 核心设备： 60单晶炉，150铱坩埚，四轴抛光机，二轴抛光机，测角仪，内圆切割机。
加工工艺：首先ai2o2\y2o和ndo 三种原料按比例配料—对三种原料进行灼烧、烘干并称量—将三种原料并压料—随后将三种原料焙烧—将焙烧好的原料放入单晶炉中—抽真空，充入保护气体（氩气）—物料熔融后生长nd ：yag 晶体—将长成的晶体毛坯切割、粗、细磨、抛光镀膜。 产品应用： 1、YAG 激光器在军用装备中是应用最广泛的一种激光器，主要用作激光雷达、激光测距、激光制导、激光对抗等方面。 2、在工业中的应用主要是用于材料加工，如切割、焊接、打孔等，不仅提高了加工质量，更提高了工作效率。 3、在医疗方面的应用，ND:YAG激光器是医学中用得较多的激光器，它的转换率高，输出功率大，单根晶体工作时输出的功率可达百瓦，比co2气体激光止血及凝固效果好，在医学上常用来做手术刀，广泛用于普外科，耳鼻喉科，泌尿科，骨科，整形科最吉安帕、椎间盘手术等。切割血管丰富的组织，大大减少出血。ND:YAG激光脉冲能量大，不易被水和血红蛋白吸收，穿透组织较深。 4、YGA 激光打标即机在市场上也越来越受到关注，很多金属和非金属的零部件厂家都选择了用YGA 激光打标机，取代传统的用手压标记，电腐蚀机和气动打标机等方式。YGA 激光打标机在整个标记领域已经得到广泛的应用。 市场机遇： 激光加工技术随着光、机电、材料、计算机、控制技术的发展，已经逐步发展成为一项新的加工技术。特别是nd ：yag 高功率激光器具有加工对象广、变形小、精度高、节省能源、公害小、远距离加工、自动化加工等显著优点。对提高产品质量和劳动生产率，实现加工过程自动化，消除污染，减少材料消耗等作用愈来愈重要。
高二英语教学设计 Book6 Unit 5 Reading An Exciting Job 1.教学目标（Teaching Goals）: a. To know how to read some words and phrases. b. To grasp and remember the detailed information of the reading material . c. To understand the general idea of the passage. d. To develop some basic reading skills. 2.教学重难点: a.. To understand the general idea of the passage. b. To develop some basic reading skills. Step I Lead-in and Pre-reading Let’s share a movie T: What’s happened in the movie? S: A volcano was erupting. All of them felt frightened/surprised/astonished/scared…… T: What do you think of volcano eruption and what can we do about it? S: A volcano eruption can do great damage to human beings. It seems that we human beings are powerless in front of these natural forces. But it can be predicted and damage can be reduced. T: Who will do this kind of job and what do you think of the job? S: volcanologist. It’s dangerous. T: I think it’s exciting. Ok, this class, let’s learn An Exciting Job. At first, I want to show you the goals of this class Step ⅡPre-reading Let the students take out their papers and check them in groups, and then write their answers on the blackboard (Self-learning) some words and phrases：volcano, erupt, alongside, appoint, equipment, volcanologist, database, evaluate, excite, fantastic, fountain, absolutely, unfortunately, potential, be compared with..., protect...from..., be appointed as, burn to the ground, be about to do sth., make one’s way. Check their answers and then let them lead the reading. Step III Fast-reading 这是一篇记叙文，一位火山学家的自述。作者首先介绍了他的工作性质，说明他热爱该项工作的主要原因是能帮助人们免遭火山袭击。然后，作者介绍了和另外二位科学家一道来到火山口的经历。最后，作者表达了他对自己工作的热情。许多年后，火山对他的吸引力依然不减。 Skimming Ⅰ.Read the passage and answer: (Group4) 1. Does the writer like his job?( Yes.) 2. Where is Mount Kilauea? (It is in Hawaii) 3. What is the volcanologist wearing when getting close to the crater? (He is wearing white protective suits that covered his whole body, helmets, big boots and
Unit5 Reading An Exciting Job 说课稿 Liu Baowei Part 1 My understanding of this lesson The analysis of the teaching material:This lesson is a reading passage. It plays a very important part in the English teaching of this unit. It tells us the writer’s exciting job as a volcanologist. From studying the passage, students can know the basic knowledge of volcano, and enjoy the occupation as a volcanologist. So here are my teaching goals: volcanologist 1. Ability goal: Enable the students to learn about the powerful natural force-volcano and the work as a volcanologist. 2. Learning ability goal: Help the students learn how to analyze the way the writer describes his exciting job. 3. Emotional goal: Make the Students love the nature and love their jobs. Learn how to express fear and anxiety Teaching important points: sentence structures 1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 2. Having studied volcanoes now for more than twenty years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. Teaching difficult points: 1. Use your own words to retell the text. 2. Discuss the natural disasters and their love to future jobs. Something about the S tudents: 1. The Students have known something about volcano but they don’t know the detailed information. 2. They are lack of vocabulary. 3. They don’t often use English to express themselves and communicate with others.
我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，我见到的是世界各地有趣味的人们，有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士。但是我从不感到厌烦。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能激励我，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护人们免遭世界最大的自然威力之一，也就是火山的威胁。 我是一名火山学家，在夏威夷火山观测站（HVO）工作。我的主要任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的信息，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流过的地方，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。当滚烫沸腾的岩石从火山喷发出来并撞回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些，这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而顺着山坡下流的火山熔岩造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我到达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，我很早就上床睡觉。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车从我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山坡上，火山爆发了，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景！ 就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸做了一次近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学被送到山顶，在离火山爆发期间形成的火山口最靠近的地方才下车。早先从观测站出发时，就带了一些特制的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员一样，我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中心。另外，两人攀下火山口，去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们
英语选修六课文翻译第五单元 reading An exciting job I have the greatest job in the world. travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world sometimes working outdoors sometimes in an office sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists I am never bored although my job is occasionally dangerous I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive However the most important thing about my job is that I heIp protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth-the volcano. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago My job is collecting information for a database about Mount KiLauea which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii Having collected and evaluated the information I help oyher scientists to predict where lava from the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses
新目标英语七年级下册课文Unit04 Coverstion1 A: What does your father do? B: He＇s a reporter. A:Really?That sounds interesting. Coverstion2 A:What does your mother do,Ken? B:She＇s a doctor. A:Really?I want to be a doctor. Coverstion3 A:What does your cousin do? B:You mean my cousin,Mike? A:Yeah,Mike.What does he do? B:He is as shop assistant. 2a,2b Coverstion1 A: Anna,doesyour mother work? B:Yes,she does .She has a new job. A:what does she do? B: Well ,she is as bank clerk,but she wants to be a policewoman. Coverstion2 A:Is that your father here ,Tony?
B:No,he isn't .He's working. B:But it's Saturday night.What does he do? B:He's a waiter Saturday is busy for him. A:Does he like it? B:Yes ,but he really wants to be an actor. Coverstion3 A:Susan,Is that your brother? B:Yes.it is A:What does he do? B:He's a student.He wants to be a doctor. section B , 2a,2b Jenny:So,Betty.what does yor father do? Betty: He's a policeman. Jenny:Do you want to be a policewoman? Betty:Oh,yes.Sometimes it's a little dangerous ,but it's also an exciting job.Jenny, your father is a bank clerk ,right? Jenny:Yes ,he is . Sam:Do you want to be a bank clerk,too? Jenny:No,not really.I want to be a reporter. Sam: Oh,yeah?Why? Jenny:It's very busy,but it's also fun.You meet so many interesting people.What about your father ,Sam. Sam: He's a reporter at the TV station.It's an exciting job,but it's also very difficult.He always has a lot of new things to learn.Iwant to be a reporter ,too