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南京历届中考英语词汇解析

南京历届中考英语词汇解析
南京历届中考英语词汇解析

1.as…as和……一样

中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如:

This classroom is as big as that one.这间教室和那间一样大。He runs as fast as Tom.他和汤姆跑的一样快。

否定结构:not as/so…as,“不如……,和……不一样”。上面的两个句子可分别改为:

This classroom is not as/so large as that one。

He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom。

练习:我的书包和你的一样好。

他的英语说的和你一样好。

2.as soon as一……就……

用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。例如:

I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him。我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。

He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家。

3.be busy/enjoy/hate/goon/finishdoingsth。忙于/喜欢/讨厌/继续/完成做某事

在enjoy,finish,hate,goon,bebusy等词语后,一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如:

LinTaoisbusymakingamodelplane.林涛忙着做飞机模型。

Mymotherenjoystakingawalkaftersupper.我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。

IhatewatchingChannelFive.我讨厌看五频道。

Whensomeoneaskedhimtohavearest,hejustwentonworking.当有人让他休息一会儿时,他仍继续工作。

Ihavefinishedwritingthestory.我已经写完了故事。

4.fill…with用……装满,befilledwith充满了……,befullof充满了

①befilledwith说明由外界事物造成的此种状态,表示被动。例如:

Theboxisfilledwithfood.盒子里装满了食物。

②befullof说明主语处于的状态。此外,还可表示程度,意为“非常”。例如:

Thepatient’sroomisfullofflowers.那个病人的房间摆满了花。

Theyoungmanisfullofpride.那个年轻人非常骄傲。

③这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如:

Ifilltheboxwithfood.

Theboxisfulloffood。

5.begood/badfor有利于/有害于……

此句型是:be+adj.+for+n。结构。例如:

Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth。做早操对你的健康有益。

Alwaysplayingcomputergamesisbadforyourstudy。总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。

6.beusedto(doing)sth.习惯于……

后必须接名词或动名词,可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be可用get,become 来代替。例如:Heisusedtolifeinthecountry。(Heisusedtolivinginthecountry。)他习惯于乡村生活。

Hewillgetusedtogettingupearly.他将会习惯于早起。

注意:beusedtodo的意思是“被用来做……”。例如:Woodisusedtomakepaper。木材被用来造纸。

7.both…and…两者都……用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时,其后谓语动词用复数。

例如:BoththestudentsandtheteacherswillgototheHistoryMuseumtomorrow。不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。

8.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事

help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”,其后接动词-ing形式。例如:

Hisjokeistoofunny.Wecan’thelplaughing。他的笑话太有趣了,我们禁不止笑了起来。

听到这个坏消息,她禁不住哭了起来。

9.sth.costssb.somemoney某物花费某人多少钱

此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。Thisbookcostmefiveyuan.这本书花了我五元钱。

10.either…or…不是……就是……,或者……或者……

用来连接两个并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。

You may either stay here or go home.你可以呆在这儿,也可以回家。EithersheorIamright.=EitherIorsheisright。不是她对就是我对。

要么你去要么他必须去。Either you or he to go。

11.enough(forsb。)todosth.足够……做……

在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:

Theiceisn’tthickenoughforyoutowalkon。这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。他年龄做够大,可以自己照顾自己了。

12.feellikedoingsth.想要做……

此处like为介词,后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与wouldliketodosth。同义。例如:Ifeellikedrinkingacupofmilk.我想喝一杯牛奶。

Doyouliketakingawalk?你想不想去散步?

13.feel/find/thinkitadj./n.todosth.认为某事……

在此结构中it为形式宾语,不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如:Ifinditveryinterestingtoplayfootball.我发现踢足球很有趣。Shethinksherdutytohelpus.她认为帮助我们是她的职责。

14.getreadyforsth./todosth。

Getreadyforsth。意为“为某事做准备”,getreadytodosth。“准备做某事”例如:Wearegettingreadyforthemeeting.我们正在为会议做准备。Theyweregettingreadytohaveasportsmeetatthemoment。他们那时正准备开运动会。

15.get/receive/havealetterfrom收到……的来信

相当于hearfrom例如:DidyoureceivealetterfromJohn?你收到约翰的来信了吗?

Igotaletterfrommybrotheryesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。

16.hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(别)做某事

hadbetter为情态动词,其后需用动词原形。hadbetter常用缩写,变成’dbetter,其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如:Wehadbettergonow.=We’dbettergonow.我们最好现在走吧。You’dbettertakearest.你最好休息一下。

You’dbetternotgooutbecauseitiswindy.今天刮风,你最好别出去了。

17.havesth.done使(某事)完成,使发生(动作由别人完成)

sth。为宾语,done为过去分词作补语。例如:

Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们请人把机器修好了。

注意区分:Wehaverepairedthemachine.我们(自己)已经修好了机器。

18.helpsb.(to)dosth./withsth.帮助某人(做)某事

其中的to可以省略。例如:Ioftenhelpmymotherwithhousework。我常常帮助妈妈做家务。

Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)lookupthesewords?请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?

19.Howdoyoulike……?你认为……怎么样?

与whatdoyouthinkof…?同义。例如:HowdoyouliketheweatherinBeijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样?

你觉得这部新电影如何?

—Whatdoyouthinkofyourboss?—Heisstrictwithus。

20.Idon’tthink/believethat…我认我/相信……不……

其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句(否定前移)。that可省略。例如:

Idon’tthinkitwillrain.我认为天不会下雨。

Idon’tbelievethegirlwillcome.我相信那女孩不会来了。

我认为他并不聪明。

21.Ithappensthat…碰巧……

相当于happentodo。例如:IthappenedthatIheardtheirsecret。

可改写为:Ihappenedtoheartheirsecret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。

22.It’s/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了。

该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:

It’stwentyyearssincehecamehere.他来这里已经20年了。

IthasbeensixyearssincehemarriedMary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。

如果since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,则表示“从该动作结束起一直到现在的时间”。例如:It’sthreedayssincehestayedhere.他离开这儿有三天了。

我搬家到郑州已经20多年了。

sinceImovedtoZhengzhou。

23.Itis+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.做某事对某人来说……

It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式todosth.,forsb.是不定式的逻辑主语。例如:

It’snoteasyforustostudyEnglishwell.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。

It’sagoodideaforustotraveltothesouth。去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。

对我来说把英语学好非常重要。

tolearnEnglishwell。

24.It’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth。

It是形式主语,todosth。是真正的主语,ofsb。是逻辑主语,当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时,常用介词of,而不用for。例如:It’sverypoliteofyoutogiveyourseattooldpeople.你给老人让座,非常有礼貌。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme。

你能来车站接我真是太好了。

topickmeupatthestation。

25.Itseems/appearsthat…(在某人看来)好像……

此句中的it是主语,that引导的是表语从句。例如:Itseemsthatheislying。看样子他好像是在撒谎。Itappearstomethatheneversmiles。

看样子要下雨了。

it’sgoingtorain。

26.Itis+数词+metres/kilometerslong/wide…

……是多少米(公里)长(宽)

用来表示物体的长(宽,高),如数词大于一,名词要用复数。例如:

Itis20metreslongfromthisendtothatend。从这端到那端有二十米长。

27.It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人干某事的时候了

it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式todosth.。forsb./sth。是逻辑主语。例如:

It’stimeforthechildtogotobed.孩子该睡觉了。

比较下面两种结构:①It’stimefor+n.例如:It’stimeforschool。

②It’stimetodosth.例如:It’stimetogotoschool.我们该学习英语了。

28.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事

it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式todosth.。例如:

Ittakesherfifteenminutestowalktothebusstopfromhere.从这儿走着到公交车站将

花费她15分钟。

Ittooktheoldmanthreedaystofinishthework。那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。

我上学坐公交车要花半个小时。

29.keep(on)doingsth.一直坚持做某事

keepdoingsth。一般用于静态动词。keepondoingsth。意为“继续不停地做某事”,一般用于动态动词,但二者的区别并不是很严格,有时可以互换。例如:

Don’tkeepondoingsuchfoolishthings.不要再做这样的傻事了。

Hekeptsittingthereallday.他整天坐在那里。

30.keep…fromdoingsth.阻止,使免于做某事

相当于stop…fromdoingsth.,prevent…fromdoingsth.。在主动句中,stop和prevent 后面的from可以省略,但在被动结构中,from不可以省略。例如:

Pleasekeepthechildrenfromswimminginthesea。请别让孩子到海里游泳。

Thebignoiseoutsidemyroomstoppedmefromdoingmyhomework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。

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A. A party plan.
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A. is
B. are
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A. keep
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C. keeping
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B. what
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A. I
B. me
C. my
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C. their
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C. how much
D. how often
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南京市 2017 年初中毕业生学业考试
英语
注意事项: 1. 本试卷共 8 页。全卷满分 90 分。考试时间为 90 分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考
生答题全部答在答题卡上,答在本试卷上无效。 2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合. 再
将自己的姓名、考试证号用 0. 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3. 答选择题必须用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净
后,再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用 0. 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位 置,在其他位置答题一律无效。
选择题 (共 40 分)
一、单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分. 满分 15 分) 请认真阅读下列各题,从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项. 并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Here is Nancy’s plan for one week during her summer holiday.
What kind of plan is this?
A. A party plan.
B. A trip plan.
C. An exercise plan
D. An eating plan
2. Look! There ________ a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper!
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
3. Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ May 7,
2017.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. by
4. —I go swimming every day.
—Wow! That’s a good ________. It keeps you healthy.
A. march
B. task
C. habit
D. dream
5. —Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ________ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it.
A. keep
B. to keep
C. keeping
D. keeps
6. —Did Alice tell you ________ to get to the station?
—Yes, she said we would meet there at ten.
A. how
B. what
C. when
D. where
7. —Who threw the empty bottles on the floor?
—I don’t know. They’re not ________. Ask Max, please.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
8. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by ________ next Sunday.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. themselves
9. —Millie, ________ do you take the course in DIY?
—Every Saturday afternoon.
A. how long
B. how far
C. how much
D. how often
10. —Would you like some green tea?

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