四级英语语法练习
第一部分专项练习
一．名词
1. _____there any water in the bottle?
A) Have B) Has C) Are D) Is
2. There _____two glasses of milk on the table in the room.
A) have B) has C) are D) is
3 I still want two _____of clothing for the coming party.
A) articles B) pieces C) bits D) sections
4. A _____of smoke rose slowly from the roof of the hut.
A) piece B) column C) stream D) bar
5. The beggar always asks for a _____of bread and a glass of beer.
A) section B) column C) loaf D) part
6. Once a _____ of lions lived in the forest.
A) pride B) swarm C) troupe D) herd
7. A_____ of football players arrived at the hotel last night.
A) gang B) team C) troupe D) school
8. A flock of birds_____ circling the field.
A) was B) were C) is being D) are being
9. Some _____have been brought in from the car.
A) package B) packages C) the package D) the packages
10. The elderly _____increasingly asserting their rights.
A) is being B) are being C) is D) are
11. He then took _____ butter, with the result that hardly any was left for the rest of us.
A) a few B) a little C) many D) a number of
12. I have fewer _____than I did at the beginning of the term.
A) homework B) homework assignment
C) homeworks D) homework assignments
13. This is _____.She wrote her name on the first page.
A)a Sherry?s book B)a book of Sherry C)a book of Sherry?s D)Sherry?s a book
14. Do you know _____ ? He seems to know you well.
A) the name of the man B) the name of the man?s
C) the man?s the name D) name of the man?s
15. _____ is the most beautiful one I have ever seen.
A) Bob brother?s car B) Car of Bob?s brother
C) Bob?s brother?s car D) The car of Bob?s brother
16. He was able to recite_____ at the age of three.
A) fifteen poems of Li Bai?s B) fifteen poems of Li Bai
C) fifteen Li Bai?s poems D) Li Bai?s fifteen poem
17. The militia _____keeping guard yesterday evening.
A)is B)are C)was D)were
18. The policeman is investigating the _____ about the traffic accident.
A)passer-by B)passers-by C)passer-bys D)passers-bys
19. The books on the left are for small children whereas the books on the right are for _____ .
A)grown-ups B)growns-up C)grown-up D)grown ups
20. His salary is low and he gets_____ .
A)little luxuries B)few luxuries C)luxuries D)luxury
21. He inherited five companies of his father?s and lived a life of _____ .
A)luxuries B)many luxuries C)much luxuries D)luxury
22. _____ is from India.
A )The mayor?s of New York?s cat
B )The mayor?s cat of New York
C )The mayor of New York?s cat
D )Th e mayor?s cat of New York
23 . _____ new baby is very lovely.
A)Sally?s and Tom?s B)Sally and Tom?s C)Sally? s and Tom D)Sally and Tom
24. _____Is worth a million dollars now, but he bought it for only two dollars ten years ago.
A)The portrait of John B)The John?s portrait
C)John?s the portrait D)The portrait of John?s
25. He stood at _____ .
A)the foot of the bed B)the bed?s foot C)the bed?s the foot D)the foot of bed?s
26. Hainan is a tourist resort, for it has_____ .
A) too many summers B)too much summer C)long summer D)much summer
27. She wants to serve some coffee to her guests; however , _____.
A)she hadn?t many sugar B)there was not a great amount of the sugar
C)she did not have much sugar D)she was lacking in amount of the sugar
28 . Mr. Lee has recently made_____ from shares.
A)some huge fortunes B)huge fortune C)huge fortunes D)a huge fortune
29. Why do you have to carry that_____ ?
A)piece of luggage B)luggage C) luggages D)of luggages
30. This is an old photograph of me when I _____.
A)have short hairs B)had short hairs C)have short hair D)had short hair
31. Its grain output was_____ higher than in 1980.
A)10 percentages B)10 percentage C)10 percents D)10 percent
32. It will take_____ to finish this course.
A)one and a half year?s time B)a year and a half?s time
C)a year and a half of time D)a year and a half time
33. She?d like to drive _____.
A)Car Twenty-First B)Car Twenty-One
B)Car the Twenty-One D)Twenty-One Car
34. I?d like _____ paper.
A)a few B)several C)a bit of D)these
35. Most of the chore was done by two members of the family, my brother and _____.
A)I B)mine C)me D)my
36. High in the sky a _____ of birds were flying southward.
A)pack B)swam C)flock D)herd
37. He is very tired .He needs _____ .
A)a night rest B)a rest night C)a night?s rest D)a rest of night
38. They arrived in_____ .
A)two and three B)two to three C)two and threes D)twos and threes
39. Within minutes, _____ jubilant Chinese poured into the streets.
A)ten thousands B)tens of thousands of C) ten thousands of D)tens of thousand of
40. I went into Woolwor th?s and bought_____ coffee.
A)a quarter of a pound B)one quarter pound of
C)one quarter of a pound of D)a quarter pound of
41. He met the old man _____ times on the way back.
A)dozen of B)dozen C)dozens D)dozens of
42. When did he finally get to the theatre? Just before the end of _________.
A)the act second B)act second C)Act two D)the act two
43. The shop assistant made out_____ for the customer who bought a camera.
A)receipt B)a receipt C)receiving D)reception
44. We will send _____car over to fetch you this afternoon.
A)Mary?s and Bob?s B)Mary?s and Bob C)Mary and Bob?s D)Mary and Bob
45. There are many_____.
A)oxe B)oxes C)oxen D)of oxe
46. She told me that she was living in a _____.
A) two stories wooden house B) wooden two-story house
C) two-story wooden house D) wooden house two storied
47. Mathematics _____ important to the development of high-speed electronic computers.
A)is B)are C)have been D)had been
48. He invited all of his _____ to join his wedding party.
A)comrade-in-arms B)comrades-in-arms C)comrades-in-arm D)comrade-in-arms
49. I had my hair cut at the _____ around the corner.
A)barber B)barbers C)barber?s D)barbers?
二代词
1. ______men are created equal
A)Both B)A C)All D)Others
2. ______will be taking charge of this.
A)You, I and he B)You, he and I C)I, you and he D)He, you and I
3. Would you do the same thing if you were______?
A)her B)she C)herself D)hers
4. The ambassador gave ______ students a lecture last week.
A)we B)ours C)us D)ourselves
5. Tracy damaged the vase ______ .
A)of her B)her own C)of she own D)of her own
6. Our room is on the first floor and ______ is on the third floor.
A)theirs B)their C)they?s D)themselves
7. I did not borrow her bicycle; instead, I borrowed ______ .
A)his B)him C)he D)he?s
8. Look at that huge head ______ !
A)of him B)of he C)of himself D)of his
9. She went to the workers? club ______ .
A)himself B)herself C)myself D)yourself
10. The desk ______ is not heavy.
A)himself B)herself C)itself D)yourself
11. ______ are you talking about?
A)Who?s B)Which?s C)Whom D)What?s
12. ______ is going to speak to the student tomorrow?
A)Whom B)Who C)What D)Whose
13.______do you usually have for breakfast?
A)What B)Who C)Whom D)Whose
14. ______ of you girls come from Southwest?
A)What B)Who C)Whom D )Which
15. ______ ever did he choose?
A)Which B)Which?s C)Who?s D)Whom?s
16. ______ do you prefer, bread or rice?
A)What B)Which C)Who D)Whom
17. The detective thought the guilty party to be ______ because I had the strongest motive.
A)mine B)I C)me D)myself
18. The foreign tourists said that they had never seen ______ beautiful places before.
A)so B)such C)this D)that
19. The ______ thing happened to her again and again.
A)same B)this C)that D)such
20. Take from the cabinet ______ as you need.
A)so B)that C)such D)this
21. Is that the ______ kind of car as yours?
A)so B)that C)same D)this
22. She has told me ______ about her visit to Shanghai.
A)every B)all C)each D)both
23. There are railway station in ______ city in this province.
A)everyone B)all C)both D)every
24. ______ of them finished his homework assignment.
A)Every B)Everyone C)Each D)All
25. Some went to the Summer Palace, ______ visited the Great wall.
A)other B)others C)another D)the other
26. The inspector will stay here for ______ ten days.
A)other B)the other C)others D)another
27. ______ of them took part in the sports meet.
A)None B)Nobody C)All no D)All not
28. No one ______ everything in the world.
A)knows B)know C)knowing D)not know
三、限定词
1. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to ____.
A)the other B)any other C)another D)other
2. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let?s have _____one this month.
A)another B)more C)the other D)other
3. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to ,if not more expensive than,____ at the other store.
A)anyone B)the others C)that D)the ones
4. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at ___chemist?s.
A)each B)some C)certain D)any
5. It is reported that ____adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.
A)the most B)most of C)most D)the most of
6. When he arrived, he found _____the aged and the sick at home .
A)none but B)none other than C)nothing but D)no other than
7. Would you like _____hot coffee.
A)some B)any C)any more D)another
8. Today?s problems are caused _____by modern factors.
A)for the most part B)for a most part C)for most part D)for most a part
9. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.
A)one B)that C)the one D)such
10. His work is better than ______ in the class.
A)anyone?s else B)anyone else C)anyone else?s D)anyone?s else?s
11. Fond of singing as she is, she is ______ a good singer by profession.
A)everything but B)anything but C)nothing but D)something but
12. This pair of shoes is too small. Please get me some larger ______ .
A)ones B)one C)pair D)shoe
13. Even though African game preserves have saved many animals, there are ______ that will not be saved.
A)some other B)all others C)many more D) much more
14. He feels that his composition is better than ______ in his class.
A)any student?s B)any other?s C)the other students D)the others
15. No ______ country in the world has as large a population as China.
A)other B)any C)another D)some
16. I won?t pay $20 for the coat; it?s not worth ______ .
A)all that much B)that much all C)that all much D)much all that
17.” Did you find our house easily?”“No, I had _____finding it .”
A)quite time B)a quite time C)a time quite D)quite a time
18. When ____papers are in , we will have a quiz.
A)all B)every C)each D)which
19. I didn?t go to his party last night , because ____I changed my mind.
A)on a second thought B)on second thought
C)by second thought D)on the second thought
20. Look, the _____up at the lake _____just breathtaking.
A)sceneries…are B)sceneries…were C)scenery…is D)scenery…was
21. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____earned by his own labor.
A)one B)that C)such D)what
22. Amelia Earhart, ____woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic ocean, was born in 1898.
A)was the first B)the first C)the first who was a woman D)she was the first
23. Do you like _____?
A)sport B)sports C)a sport D)the sports
24. There are ten on the list ,so you are ______.
A)a eleventh B)the eleventh C)an eleven D)eleven
25. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt_____ lonely.
A)nothing but B)everything but C)anything but D)all but
26. He went to _____ after he graduated from middle school.
A)college B)the college C)one college D)colleges
27. Try to find me _____scissors.
A)some B)two C)a pair D)one
28. There are ____in the coin box.
A)two yuans? worth of coins B)two yuans worthy coins
C)the coins of two yuan?s worth D)worth two yuan coins
29. On hearing the joke, he burst into______.
A)a loud laughter B)loud laughs C)loud laughter D)loud laughings
30. Jane doesn?t drive yet, but she wants____.
A)the own car B)an own car C)the car of her own D)a car of her own
31. ____care would have prevented the accident.
A)Much B)Litter C)A little D)A few
32. I like these dishes but ____is a little too small.
A)the tea cup B)the cup of tea C)the tea?s cup D)the cup for tea
四数词
1. ___seven is thirty-five.
A) Five times B) Five C) Fifth D) Fifth time
2. There are___ students in the class.
A) forty B) forteen C)forty D)forties
3. Rive has been cultivated in the East for ___ years.
A) several thousands B) several thousand C)thousand of D)several
4. China exploded ___atom bomb in October 1964.
A) its first B) its one C)a first D)the its first
5. Save the best for ___.
A) the last B)last C)its last D)a last
6. Jerry is always ____to get to school in the morning.
A) first B)the one C)once D)the first
7. We are going to study ___lesson today.
A)twenty B)twentieth C)the twentieth D)the twentyth
8. The grain output of our country has ___that before 1949.
A)three times B)tripled C) twice D)third of
9. The village?s cotton output has increased ___as compared with that of 1976.
A) 250% B) for 250% of C) by 250% of D)by 250%
10. The Yong Le Bell is ___a man.
A) 3 times as tall as B) 3 times as tall than C) 3-time as tall as D) 3-time as taller than
五时态
1. The patient _______nothing but apple juice for the whole of next week.
A)will have been having B) will have had C) will be having D)will be had
2. She used to have breakfast at nine o?clock when she lived alone. But nowadays she _____i t at ten.
A)is having B) has C)is used to have D)used to have
3. Kathy told me she __the organization three years before.
A) joined B)had been joined C)had joined D)was joining
4. She ______for four years by the time she takes her qualifying examination for Doctor of Law in 2000.
A)studied law B)had studied law
C)will have been studying law D)had been studying law
5. His application for position with the company ___next Tuesday.
A)has been discussed B)will discuss C)is discussed D)will be discussed
6. With the development of production and science , radio _______ a wide application in a short time.
A)has found B)have found C)finds D)found
7. That work is needed by next week ,so make sure __to the deadline.
A)for keeping B)you?ll keep C)keeping D) you keep
8) When Jimmy said that he would invite us all to a banquet , I think that he __generous. Don?t believe him.
A)has only been B)is only C)was only being D)was only
9. She is the last person I___. Her rudeness is beyond endurance.
A)have seen B)saw C)am going to see D)will see
10. I know you think I?m talking nonsense, Mike. But in time___.
A) you have realized that I?m right B) you?ll be realizi ng that I have been right
C) you?ll realize that I was right D) you would realize that I had been right
11. My brother has just arrived , but I didn?t know he ___until yesterday.
A)came B)will come C)was coming D)had been coming
12. I hav en?t seen Diana these past few days . I am afraid she __herself for some time .
A)hasn?t been feeling B)isn?t feeling C) wasn?t feeling D) hadn?t been feeling
13. The boy even won?t have his lunch before he __his homework.
A)finished B)had finished C) finishes D)will finish
14. Before Jimmy could explain , Rose __up .
A)was hung B) had hanged C) had hung D) hung
15. The plane ______over the landing field for twenty minutes when the pilot was told that he should use the Eastside Field .
A)had been circling B) are circling C)was circling D)has been circling
16. Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ______ taken in the past .
A)had not been B)were not being C)were not D)was not
17. They promised solemnly that they______no efforts to carry the struggle through to the end.
A)would spare B) were sparing C) had spared D)spared
18. He was __when I walked into the room .
A)ready for leaving B)about to leave
C)in the pointing of leaving D)most ready to leave
19. You should have put the milk in the ice-box ; I expect it ______undrinkable by now.
A) become B)had become C)has become D)became
20. We __paying you a visit but the bad weather prevented us from doing so.
A)had thought of B)have thought of C)were thinking of D)thought of
21. How much longer __this dictionary ?
A)will you be needing B)will you have needed C)have you needed D)you are needing
22. He ______on this essay for ten minutes but he __only about sixty words .
A)will have worked… has written B)worked …has written
C)has been working…has written D)will be working …wrote
23. I don?t think he?ll be upset ,but I?ll see him in case__.
A)he would B)he does C)he is D)he?ll
24. Her husband and her oldest son had been killed__.
A)many years before B)many years since C)many years ago D)many years from now
25. We have done things we ought not to have done and __undone things we ought to have done .
A)left B)leave C)will leave D)leaving
26. I had hoped Mr. Smith __me an early reply .
A)would give B)give C)to give D)giving
27. There __never been hard feelings between the families living in this block.
A) was B)have C)is D)has
28. I ______ them that I think they are making a great mistake .
A)told B)will tell C)am telling D)have been telling
29. It won?t be too long before we __a way to overcome the difficulties.
A)work out B)are working C)will work out D)have worked
30. Nobody likes her because she __to carry favor with the boss.
A)has always tried B)does always try C)always tries D)is always trying
31. By next Saturday Tom __a whole month without smoking a cigarette.
A)will go B)has gone C)will have gone D)has been going
32. By the time I got downstairs , the telephone__.
A)stopped ringing B)would have stopped ringing
C)had stopped ringing D)stopped to ring
33. Wait for me . You __impatient .I am still having my breakfast.
A)are B)are being C)were D) have been
34. No one __this building without the permission of the police .
A)is leaving B)will be leaving C)is to leave D)has left
35. Diana was going out of the shop when she collided with an old woman who __
A)had come B)had been coming C)was coming D)come
36. Unless economic conditions improve next year, ______widespread unrest in the Unites States .
A)there will be B)there is C)there should be D)there would be
六被动语态
1. A candidate for the post_ by the manager at the moment.
A)was interviewed B)is being interviewed C)is interviewed D)is interviewing
2. I found that my cheating in last Monday?s English test_____ to my parents that very evening.
A)was being reported B)had reported C)had been reported D)was reported
3. I should very much like to go to the party, but_____ .
A)I will not be invited B)I was not invited
C)I have not been invited D)I am not invited
4. Unless the police can prove to the court that Ted has committed robbery, he _____.
A)will find guilty B)will be found guilty
C)will have found guilty D)will be finding guilty
5. I bought a pair of shoes yesterday afternoon. The salesman says that they_____ for at least two years.
A)will last me B)will be lasted me C)will last for me D)will be lasted for me
6. You needn?t worry about that. E v erything will_____ in good time.
A)be attending B)attend C)be attended D)be attended to
7. Until you?ve finished your work, you _____ allowed to leave.
A)will be B)are C)will not be D)will have been
8. If you weigh 90 pounds, you _____ to the earth by a gravitational force of 90 pounds.
A)have pulled B)pull down C)are being pulled D)have been pulled
9. Experiments in the photography of moving objects_____ in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A)had been conducting B)were conducting
C)have been conducted D)had been conducted
10. If this experiment _____ you have to stay in the laboratory night and day for a week.
A)is done B)will be done C)is to do D)is to be done
11. Tom told Mary that he_____ what he was doing during the vocation.
A)had just been asked B)had just asked C)just asked D)was just asked
12. The food that my sister is cooking in the kitchen_____ delicious.
A)had smelled B)will smell C)is smelling D)smells
13. If one_____ , he will be very particular about other?s clothi ng and appearance.
A)has been overcame by vanity B)overcomes vanity
C)is overcome by vanity D)has overcome vanity
14. Mr. Brown?s shop_____ at night twice in one month by thieves.
A)broke into B)was broken into C)will be broken D)was broken
15. Sugar and starch are grouped together as carbohydrates(碳水化合物); they _____ in bread, potatoes and rice.
A)find B)found C)are finding D)are found
16. In Egypt and the West, paper_____ before the year 1400.
A)is not very commonly used B)was not very commonly used
C)didn?t very commonly used D)hadn?t been commonly used
17. Unfortunately my proposal_____ by him.
A)was turned down B)was turned C)turned down D)turned
七短语动词测试题
1. Do you often_____ music in your spare time?
A)listen B)listen by C)listen on D)listen to
2. We_____ self-reliance.
A)stand for B)stand off C)stand over D)stand with
3. _____, there?s a bus coming!
A)Look for B)Look out C)Look after D)Look up
4. Where is your coat? You?d better_____. It?s cold outside.
A)put on it B)put it on C)put on D)put it
5. If you have finished your homework, please_____.
A)hand in it B)hand out it C)hand it in D)hand it out
6. She doesn?t normally behave like that; she?s _____.
A)putting it up B)putting it down C)putting it out D)putting it on
7. The children are _____ by the nurse.
A)taken good care of B)taken hold of
C)taken the place of D)taken advantage of
8. The policy has been_____ smoothly.
A)carried away B)carried on C)carried through D)carried out
9. Jerry is terribly ill. We have _____ the doctor.
A)sent away B)sent off C)sent for D)sent up
10. The airplane had a smooth_____.
A)take-over B)take-off C)take-away D)take-up
11. You should work hard, but don?t_____ it and make yourself ill.
A)overthrow B)overtake C)overlook D)overdo
12. Women used to be _____ before.
A)looked down B)looked up
C)looked down upon D)looked for
13. That?s a practice that should be_____ as early as possible.
A)done up B)done away with
C)done out D)done with
14. They have _____ on a journey round the world.
A)set off B)set back C)set up D)set aside
15. Have they _____ a solution?
A)come under B)come up with C)come out D)come across
八不定式
1. He would become irritated if he watched the mail____ on his table every day.
A)to pile up B)pile up C)to be put up D)putting up
2. “He?s hungry, and he want to eat this bread.”“What! It is not good____.”
A)to eat B)to be eaten C)eating D)for eating
3. Having missed that last bus, Bob had no alternative____ a taxi home though he did not like the idea.
A)but to take B)take to but C)to but take D)to take but
4. Both Alice?s parents are very interested in their daughter?s attempt____ the English Channel.
A)to swim B)swim )swimming D)swam
5. The rope was catching fire. She let____ just in time.
A)go of it B)go alone it C)go it D)alone it
6. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room____.
A)to send it to B)to be sent to C)to send it D)to have it sent
7. Mrs. White forgot to tell us____.
A)what time we start off B)what time to start off
C)what time would we start off D]what time do we start off
8. Her ambition____ was never fulfilled.
A)be an astronaut B)that to be an astronaut
C)being an astronaut D)to be an astronaut
9. “My boy friend is in a bad mood. ”“Why____ him some flowers?”
A)you don?t give B)don?t give C)not giving D)not give
10. For nearly four hours they waited for the decision, only____ to come again next day.
A)they were told B)to be told C)were told D)being told
11. He was so foolish____ his car unlocked.
A)for him to leave B)that leave C)to leaving D)as to leave
12. The lady recently found a brother who was thought____ ten years before.
A)being killed B)have been killed C)to be killed D)to be killed
13. To be qualified for the job ____
A)profound knowledge in electronics is important
B)one needs to have profound knowledge in electronics
C)it is required that one has profound knowledge in electronics
D)profound knowledge in electronics is needed
14. The local health organization is reported____ twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audon became its first president
A)to be set up B)to have been set up C)being set up D)having been set up
15. Fred claim ed ____ at yesterday?s party.
A)to have treated badly B)to have been badly treated
C)to be treated badly D)to treat badly
16. Here we found little snow as most of it seemed _____ blown off the mountain.
A)to be B)to have been C)that it was D)that it had been
17. They wish ____ .
A)never to go there again B)to go there never again
C)to go never there again D)to never go there again
18. Rather than _____ everything to the last minute, she always prefers to start early.
A)leave B)having left C)to leave D)leaving
19. They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theater, the cinema, or the opera, _____, perhaps, that show is disappointing.
A)only to discover B)only discovering C)only so as to discover D)only for discovering
20. Under the leadership of the Party, they have got ____ up with the advanced countries in the world.
A)caught B)to catch C)having caught D)catching
21. He?ll give me five minutes____
A)to make up my mind B)make up my mind
C)so to make up my mind D)making my mind up
22. The house____ today, but as there has been a builders? strike it is still only half finished.
A)was ready B)would be ready C)was to have been ready D)was to be ready
23. The father advised____ the second-hand car.
A)his son to not purchase B)his son not to purchase
C)his son?s no purchasing D)that his son doesn?t purchase
24. I intended ____yesterday afternoon, but I had to attend a meeting.
A)to come B)that I come C)to have come D)to be coming
25. My brother could do nothing else than____ books.
A)to read B)having read C)read D)reading
26. A decision____ stock by one or a few of these large companies may have a very important effect on the market as a whole.
A)to buy or to sell B)buying or selling C)to buy or selling D)buying or to sell
27. He is not a man ____before difficulties.
A)bowed B)bows C)to bow D)bowing
28. She had her daughter____ the violin three hours every day.
A)play B)played C)playing D)to play
29. In fact, he would rather leave for Beijing____ in Shanghai.
A)than staying B)than have stayed C)than stay D)to stay
30. She tried many times to sneak across the border to a neighboring country, ____ each time.
A)only to be caught B)unfortunately caught C)always being caught D)having been caught
31. The boy walked quietly into the room ____awake his room-mates.
A)in order to not B)so as not to C)for not to D)so as to
32. It takes me eleven hours____ there by train.
A)to have got B)get C)getting D)to get
33. Although it was very late when Jimmy began doing the job, he managed, with his friend?s assistance, ____ before the building was locked.
A)to be finished B)finished C)to finish D)finishing
34. Harry doesn?t like wine. He says that he never ____it at home.
A)use to drink B)used to drinking C)used to drink D)use to drinking
35. It is impossible for anyone ____these photographs before, because Mr. Newman had them developed today.
A)saw B)to have seen C)to see D)seeing
36. The question on radiation cancer_____ is decided now.
A)to be whether or not B)be whether or not
C)whether to be or not D)whether not to be or to be
九 -ing 形式
1. We don?t allow ______ in the auditorium ; we don?t want to risk ______ it on fire .
A)to smoke , setting B)to be smoking, to set
C)to be smoking, being set D)smoking, setting
2. He remembered ______ a bunch of flowers at his birthday party when he was a little boy .
A)being given B)to give C)be given D)to be given
3. The thief undoubtedly waited for Alice to go out and entered by the back window and
removed the silver without ______ .
A)ever being seen B)having seen C)seeing D)ever been seen
4. The naughty girl said to her parents that she wanted to be a good girl and set her heart ______ a trail of her own.
A)to blazing B)to blaze C)blazed D)blaze
5. She is very busy ______ her papers. She is far too busy ______ callers.
A)writing, receiving B)to write , for receiving C)to write, to receive D)writing , to receive
6. Mike suggested______ to the movie tonight but they finally decided to stay at home watching TV.
A)to going B)of going C)going D)to go
7. When Kate fell off the bike, the other children______ .
A)could not help laughing B)could not help to laugh
C)were not able to help laugher D)could not help but laughing
8. “What?s made Kathy so upset ?”“______ five tickets to the folk music concert.”
A)Because of losing B)Since she lost C)Losing D)Lost
9. When she saw the poor little girl, she couldn?t resist ______ her up.
A)picked B)picking C)to pick D)pick
10. No one thought that Harry?s suggestion was worth______ .
A)to be considered B)of consideration
C)considering D)to consider
11. My brother is looking forward to ______ a trip to Shanghai next month.
A)making B)make C)have made D)be making
12. ______ made the situation extremely hard for us.
A)Wang Dong had left B)Wang Dong?s having left
C)Wang Dong left D)Wang Dong having left
13. It?s no use ______ with her . You might as well ______ with a stone wall. She is incapable of seeing anyone else?s point of view.
A)arguing , arguing B)argue, argue C)to argue, arguing D)arguing , argue
14. He has trouble ______ French.
A)speaking B)spoken C)to speak D)speak
15. I don?t like ______ bi lls but when I do get them . I like ____ them promptly.
A)to get, paying B)getting, to pay C)to get, to pay D)getting, paying
16. ______ what Kate will be doing next.
A)There?s no saying B)Not to pay C)There?s no to say D)No say ing
17. Her last year?s trousers are now outgrown and need ______ a little.
A)lengthened B)lengthening C)to be lengthening D)to lengthen
18. She denied ______ to check the analysis again.
A)to have been told B)having been told C)being told D)to have told
19. When Katherine had seen the film , she ceased ______ in the novel.
A)interesting B)being interested C)interest D)interested
20. I can?t have him ______ idle all day long .
A)staying B)stay C)stayed D)to stay
21. Karen, scolded by her father, finally confessed to ______ the money.
A)steal B)stealing C)having stolen D)have stolen
22. She recollected ______ her criticize her mother for her selfishness.
A)having heard B)to hear C)to listen to D)hear
23. She accepted the cut in salary without complaint as she used ______ . She was afraid of ______ her job.
A)to complain, losing B)complaining losing
C)to complain, being lost D)to be complained, losing
24. Harry is a turner. He spent four years in a factory ______ for the job.
A)for being trained B)training C)being trained D)to be trained
25. The mother asked her daughter not to delay ______ the paper.
A)handing in B)having handed in C)to hand in D)hand in
26. You may have been right when you said I didn?t have to help him. But I don?t regret ______ what I thought was right.
A)having done B)being done C)to do D)to have done
27. Most of the old films in the afternoon aren?t ______ awake for anyway.
A)worth staying B)good for staying C)worth to stay D)worth of staying
28. He apologized for ______ to come .
A)not being able B)that he?s not able to C)his not being able D)his being not able
29. “Henry doesn?t seem like the same person.”
“______ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.”
A)For him to see B)His seeing C)Having seen D)To have seen
30. My brother regrets ______ harder while young.
A)not have worked B)not work C)not having worked D)not to work
31. I have given up trying to convince her; there is no point ______ with her.
A)in arguing B)argue C)arguing D)to argue
32. Does Mr. Li object to ______ her the money?
A)lending B)lend C)be lent D)that we lend
33. It is no use her ______ there; the situation is hopeless now.
A)to be going B)going C)have gone D)to go
34. They daren?t ask for they ______ .
A)afraid to be laughed at B)are afraid of being laughed at
C)afraid being laughed at D)are afraid of laughed at
35. Homework_____ on time will lead to better grades.
A)be done B)done C)having done D)to have been done
36. _____of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A)To be free B)Freeing C)To free D)Freed
37. The students_____ all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
A)having done B)had done C)doing D)done
38. _____waiting for her, he headed home.
A)Feeding up with B)To be fed up with C)Fed up with D)To feed up with
39. The last bus _____ , they had to walk home.
A)gone B)having gone C)had gone D)has gone
40. They found the room thoroughly _____ and everything _____ in good order.
A)to clean ; to arrange B)cleaned ; arranged
C)clean ; arrange D)cleaning ; arranging
41. _____this information , Alice sat down again to wait.
A)On giving B)After having to give C)Having been given D)After given
42. They conclude that _____ a planet only approximately like their own , life is almost certain to start.
A)to give B)to be given C)given D)give
43. A beam of light will not bend round the corner unless _____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.
A)having B)to be made C)having made D)made
44. The teacher walked into the classroom ______ .
A)with a book in hand B)hand with a book
C)being with a book in hand D)to have a book in hand
45. The astronauts started their journeys in rockets ______ forward by jets of hot gas.
A)drove B)to drive C)driven D)driving
46. “She has been working very hard recently.”
“Because the burden of a big family has been ______ on her shoulder.”
A)borne B)born C)bore D)bear
47. When ______ , the metal expands , and if ______ to cool , it will contract.
A)heating ; allowed B)heating ; allowing C)heated ; allowed D)heated ; allowing
48. Henry is so indifferent to his appearance that he never has his clothes ______.
A)pressed nor shine his shoes B)pressed or his shoes shined
C)to press or his shoes to shine D)pressing or his shoe shined
49. Is there anything you want from town? I am going to get______.
A)mailed letters B)these letters mailed C)those letters mail D)to mail those letters
50. The teacher was very strict with the students. He had them _____ a diary without interruption.
A)to keep B)keep C)having kept D)to be keeping
51. Before the examination he had the lights ______ the whole night.
A)burned B)to burn C)burning D)burn
52. “Who won the election for mayor?”
“A man ______to represent every minority group in the city .
A)claim B)is claimed C)claimed D)claiming
53. Her husband promised to stop smoking .But yesterday she caught him ______a cigarette again.
A)smoke B)smoked C)smoking D)to smoke
54. There seemed little hope that the explorer, _______in the tropical forest ,would find his way through it.
A)to be deserted B)having deserted C)to have been deserted D)having been deserted
55. ________, they got down to map out a plan for the construction of a new express way
A)Got everything ready B)Having everything got ready
C)Getting everything ready D)Having got everything ready
56. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest_____ on loans and investment in stocks and bonds.
A)earning B)earned C)to earn D)earn
57. The author gave a detailed description_______ on her personal observation of nature.
A)to base B)being based C)based D)basing
58. “How did the group improve its discussion?”
“They all took part ,each member ______the responsibility of leading one meeting .”
A)having B)to have C)has had D)has
59. With the weather conditions ______, they flew to London immediately .
A)taken account into B)taken into account C)taking account into D)taking into account
60. You must follow the directions exactly ,and if you should become _______, you must take the time to go back again and read them over .
A)confused B)to be confused C)to confuse D)confusing
61. It is nine o?clock in the morning .The teacher proposed that they should get ______ at once.
A)started B)start C)to start D)starting
62. Having taken the examination,_________.
A)I gave a passing grade B)I was given a passing grade by the instructor
C)the instructor give me a passing grade D)the instructor gave me a passing grade
63. ______the financial means to remain independent ,Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.
A)He was deprived of B)Deprived of
C)That he was deprived of D)Although he was deprived of
64. The scene of the story is _______in London.
A)laying B)lying C)lain D)laid.
65. _______no homework left , the pupils could do whatever they liked .
A)There being B)There had C)There to be D)There having
66. We all left the court , _______ that Tom was innocent.
A)convinced B)convincing C)to convince D)having convinced
67. Don?t you think you?d better _______?
A)to have your machine cleaned B)to have cleaned your machine
C)have your machine cleaned D)had your machine cleaned
68. I asked for help ,_____, whether anyone would volunteer.
A)doubting B)doubted C)being doubting D)was doubting
69. The passengers had a chat with the college students ________as conductors during the
summer vacation .
A)help out B)helped out C)to help out D)helping out
70. The order _______pumps will come from the control room.
A)stopping to B)stopped C)to stop D)stops
71. _____, the invention is useless.
A)To speak practical B)In speaking practical
C)Speaking practical D)Practically speaking
72. Before he came to London ,he had never heard a single English word ______ .
A)speaking B)spoken C)to speak D)speak
73. How can you keep the mach ine _______when you?re away ?
A)running B)have run C)run D)to run
74. I won?t be able to go on holiday ________.
A)with my mother been ill B)with my mother be ill
C)with my mother to be ill D)with my mother being ill
十情态动词
1. In China even barren mountains_____ turned into fertile fields.
A)can B) can be C) is able to D) is able to be
2. At that time we thought the story_____ not be true.
A)could B)was able C)is able D)must
3. You_____ the work better.
A)could did B)can have done C)could have done D)must did
4. He_____ seen the film.
A)might not have B)may not C)maybe not D)maybe has not
5. Soldiers_____ obey orders.
A)may B)can C)must D)need
6. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____ it .
A)must receive B)may received C)might received D)must have received
7. You ate very little at breakfast today . You_____ hungry now.
A)are B)can be C)must be D)need to be
8. You_____ stopped at the red light .
A)should have B)should be C)should D)may have
9. You_____ gone back without her permission.
A)should not have B)should not C)can?t have D)might not have
10. He_____ the exercise more carefully.
A)ought did B)ought have to do C)should did D)ought to have done
11. You people_____ think, speak, and act .
A)should dare B)should be C)should dare to D)dare should to
12. You_____ brought your umbrella . We are going by taxi .
英语四级必备知识点 （1）*短语 1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。 11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。
12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。 23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。 24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。 25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句 很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英 语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级 考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家 1、mary is a beautiful girl. 名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上 面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的 句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。所以，名词前 面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。如果要对名词给出 更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl. 放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。 2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well. 有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。这时，如 果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后 面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句。两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。 本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。如果明白了这个名词可 以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club. 译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。
中学英语语法网络图全集 中学英语语法网络图 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： 专有名词普通名词 国名.地名.人名， 团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 规则例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dis h-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-kniv es, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, stor y-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boy s, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-po tatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
大学英语四级考试技巧重点总结 大学英语四级考试,是每个大学生都要过的一项英语水平考试。 那么如何顺利复习考过英语四级,有哪些英语四级考试技巧和经验总结呢? 接下来就给大家详细讲讲这些问题吧,希望对大家复习英语四级有所帮助。 一、英语四级考试听力技巧 备考听力,要先复习好听力。 在平时的复习中,可以充分利用琐碎时间练习。 然后只要掌握一定的英语四级考试技巧,听力就能拿到高分。 英语四级考试听力技巧可概括为以下3点: 第一就是听前预测。 大家可以在听力开始播放之前就快速浏览一遍题目,划出题干和选项中的关键词,这样可以大致推测出这篇文章的主题是什么。 第二就是记笔记。 大家在听的时候要及时记下和题目有关的关键信息,这样做题时就能够快速定位正确选项,而不用每道题都回想半天。 第三就是要特别注意试题的排列次序。 因为四级听力题常常将小题按录音材料的内容排列顺序。 所以如果没有时间预先阅读选项或时间不宽裕,大家也可以边听录音边依次浏览选项,同时进行思考、答题。 二、英语四级考试翻译技巧 英语四级考试翻译题型与听力,阅读,写作相比不一样。 因为,其它几部分只需要提升英语水平即可。 而翻译,不仅需要扎实的英语基础,更需要深厚的中文功底。 英语基础知识的夯实,你可以在真题中学习。 真题资料可以帮你逐句精解单词和语法知识,词汇注释和语法知识详细到可以不用查阅任何资料。 能为你的复习节省大量的时间,大大提高你的复习效率。 翻译做题技巧: 1.翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
2.为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句。 在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。 3.注意词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。 4.要注意语态之间的转换。汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。 5.在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时,可以考虑分译,以使译文简洁,通俗易懂。 三、英语四级考试写作技巧 英语四级写作复习技巧之前,建议大家多学习四级范文。 写作考试技巧: 1.卷面整洁,不要做涂改。 2.少用模板、少说空话,多些现场发挥,这点要求你要注意平时积累。 建议大家背点开头、结尾的万能句型,积累一些好的写作语料,四级作文就成了。相关文章： 1.英语知识 2.30%的英文 3.英语资料下载 4.英语最实用口语100句 5.各等级的英语水平是什么
2014年大学英语四级基础语法讲义8 My shoes are worn out. My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿破了。 Be worn out 表示“穿破了”，这个词组看起来是被动形式，但并不强调被动，强调的是状态或者情况，可以理解为形容词短语。例如： My clothes are worn out and I have to mend them. 我的衣服穿破了，我得补一下。 You see,this glass is broken. 你瞧，这个杯子破了。 ★You'd better buy a new pair. You'd better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。 A pair of…表示“一对”，“一双”，指一起使用的两个相同的东西。例如： Have you bought a pair of shoes? 你买了一双鞋吗？ This pair of glasses is very good for me. . . . .
这副眼镜我戴很好。 ★That's a bit expensive. That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。 A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。与a little 是同义词。例如： It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes. 今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。 If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam. 如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。 Please give me a little water. 请给我一点儿水。 ★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before. The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。 For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。For 表明的原因要写在后面。例如： I want to go to bed,for I feel tired. 我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。 . . . .
第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
1. 我家是典型的三口之家。 I’m from a typical nuclear family with my parents and me. 2. 我来自一个大家庭。 I’m from an extended family. 3. 我是家里的独子 /老大 /老二 /最小的孩子。 I’m the only /the oldest/the middle/ the youngest child in my family. 4. 我们相处得很融洽。 5. 我家住在一栋多层建筑的五楼。 My family live on the fifth floor in a high-rise building. 6. 请问去火车站怎么走？ 7. 打扰一下，请问这附近有没有邮局？ Sorry to bother you, but is there a post office nearby? 8. 市政厅里这儿有多远？ 9. 我不知道第五大道在哪里 . I ’m looking for the Fifth Avenue. 10. 一直往前走，然后再右拐。 Go straight ahead. Then turn right. 11. 沿着这条街一直往下走大约三个街区。 Walk all the way down the street for about three blocks. 12. 在第一个十字路口左拐。 Turn left at the first crossing. 13. 书店在电影院的对面。 The bookstore is across from the cinema.
大学英语四级考试语法指导 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
大学英语四级备考资料下载汇总 大学英语四级真题试卷 历年大学英语四级真题试卷+答案+听力原文+MP3（1989-2010.6） 大家网2010年6月大学英语四六级真题+听力+答案解析大全 2009年12月大学英语四级真题WORD版+真题图片版+听力+答案解析 [在线题库]2008.6-2009.12大学英语四级真题测试及专题训练（含听力及答案） [原创]一字千金2009年6月20日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) https://www.doczj.com/doc/584406056.html,/thread-358727-1-1.html [原创][震撼：找一个错，给一千元！]大家版一字千金2007年6月大学英语四级试题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/584406056.html,/thread-133758-1-1.html [原创][找一处错，给一千元！]大家版一字千金2007年12月大学英语四级cet4试题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/584406056.html,/thread-166866-1-1.html 2010年更新书籍： [大家网首发]晨读英语美文100篇CET-4（第2版最新修订）（PDF+MP3含字幕）下载 《生而为赢——新东方英语背诵美文30篇》Mp3+原创文本书签版下载 冲刺！！《星火新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版(附MP3光盘1张)下载大家网首发-《大学英语四级考试710分新题型指南》PDF下载 大家网首发-大学英语4级考试710分词汇速记(2008年第2版)PDF下载 《生而为赢——我们都是有故事的人》第一大章文本及音频、桌面图片下载 2010新东方四级精品班资料完美分享下载 [新东方2010精品班资料]CET4写作高分班电子教材WORD下载 强烈推荐！！英语四级绝对实用的高频动词词组(高清版)下载 [新东方精品班资料]四级活跃动词高频词组WORD下载 大学英语四级常见的英语同义词50组(适用于写作和完形题)下载 [新东方精品班资料]刘一男4000新决以词雄（含音标）51页WORD下载 《胡敏读故事记单词--大学英语四级词汇》中国广播电视出版社（PDF+MP3）下载 模拟题 冲刺！！星火《新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版》预测卷二含听力 冲刺！！星火《新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版》预测卷一含听力2010年6月大学英语四级考试五套全真预测WORD下载 （解密版）2008年12月大学英语4级考试710分巅峰训练（PDF+MP3）下载 星火英语2008年6月版]四级全真优化与命题预测（3套真题+5套预测题） 王长喜08年12月新四级冲刺试卷10套（含MP3）汇总帖 大学英语四级备考词汇资料大汇总 词汇背诵安排表：
一、100个高频词汇 1 accelerate vt. (使)加速，增速- 【例】accelerate the rate of economic growth - 加速经济增长- 【派】acceleration n. 加速accelerating a.加速的- 2 account n. 账户、考虑- 【考】take sth. into account 把…考虑在内- 3 accustom vt.使习惯- 【考】be accustomed to - 4 adapt vi. 适应- 【考】adapt to…适应- 5 adjust vi.适应- 【考】adjust to...适应…- 6 advocate vt. 宣扬- 7 affluent a.富裕的- 【派】affluence n.富裕- 8 annoy vt.使烦恼, 使恼怒- 【派】annoying a. 令人恼人的; - annoyance n. 烦恼; - ?annoyed a.颇为生气的- 9 ascribe vt.把…归咎于- 【考】ascribe..to 归因于- 10 assess vt.评估- 【派】assessment n. 评估- 11 assign vt.指派，选派；分配，布 置（作业）- 【派】assignment 作业- 12 assume vt.假象、假定- 13 attain vt.获得- 【考】attain one's ideal 达到理想 - 14 attribute vt. 把…归因于- 【考】attribute sth.? to 把...归咎 于- 15 attribute vt.归咎于- 【考】be attributed to? attribute sth. to …- 16 automatically ad. 自动地- 17 boost vt.提高，推动，使增长n. 推动，增长- 【例】boost the economy 推动经济增长- 【派】booster n.支持者，推动器- 18 brilliant a.光辉的、辉煌的- 【派】brilliance n. - 19 collaborate vi.合作- 【考】collaborate with. sb. - 20 comprehensive a. 综合的- 【考】综合性大学- 21 conscious a. 有意识的- 【考】be conscious of sth. 对…有 意识- 22 conserve vt.保存、节省-
2019年12月大学英语四六级语法讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词。 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语：（4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础， 断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ） 在进行第一步的时候注意以下5种情况： 1如果动词前没有任何（落单的）连词，那么该动词应该是主句的谓语。 2如果动词前有两个或两个以上的连词，那么动词和连词的匹配遵守就近原则。 3如果动词比连词多两个或两个以上，说明有连词省略了或者把过去分词错当 成谓语动词。 4切割嵌套的从句：从句往往从连词开始到从句中的第二个谓语动词出现之前 结束。 5有些词既可以是连词，也可以具有别的词性 例如：that ：既可以是连词，也可以是代词或者限定词； than 、before 、after 、until 等既可以是连词也可以是介词
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 ④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 如：Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us. 让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。 I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。 I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do. 如果他做这件事的方法和我一样，那就奇怪了。 She works in the same office as I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does. 她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。 He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are. 我从来没见过像他们这样的人。 I’ve never seen such kind people as they are. 我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。 I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时， 注：④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 偶尔，the same 后面也用that， 如：He’s wearing the same suit that he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 She works in the same office that I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 This is the same watch that I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接下列句型。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported as is announced 等。 例如：As we all know, Mr. Wang is a good teacher.
大学英语(CET--4) 语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge