46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them
46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us
47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies
48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。
49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning.
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
2009年
46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive
可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。
47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。
只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。
48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。
49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。
50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling.
因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金
2008年
46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,
他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。
47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会
48 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
另一方面，有些评论认为尽管达尔文善于观察，却并不善于推理。达尔文并不接受此种言论，认为这是没有根据的。
试题解析
49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
他谦逊地补充道，或许他"比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察"。
50 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
达尔文坚信，失去这些（对音乐和绘画的）兴趣，不仅会失去幸福，而且还可能损害智力发展，甚至可能损害道德。2007年
（1）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必需的知识装备。
（2）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
另一方面，法律把日常生活和这些概念联系起来的方式，与记者们在日常基础上，在报道和评论新闻时联系这两者的方式很相似。
（3）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.
但是认为记者必须比普通公民更深谙法律的观点，主要来自于对新闻媒体久已有之的传统和特殊责任的理解。
（4）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
事实上，很难看到对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏了解的记者能对政治事件作出具有竞争力的报道。
（5）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
虽则来自律师的评论和反应能使事件的报道增色不少，记者们依赖自己的是非观念去作出自己的判断则更为可取。
(最后要附带说说做题的模式，划线句子是得分的关键，不划线的部分一般不用看，除非在划线句子中的重要位置出现了代词，通常就是指主语是代词，那么最好把前面一句非划线部分的句子读清楚，一般就可以得出结论了。做题的时间最好不要超过20分钟，如果可以在15分钟之内把题目做完就最好。)(姐觉得说得好，不删了)
2006年：
1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic苏格拉底way about moral problems。
我认为，知识分子的定义是这样的：他选择使用苏格拉底式的方式来思考道德问题，将此作为自己人生的首要任务，并从中获得乐趣。
2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision。
他的职责与法官相似，要尽可能清楚明白地展示自己作出决定的推理过程，这是他必须承担的责任。
3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 。
我将普通科学家排除在外的原因是，尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但是他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面而已。
4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected
to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。
但是，正如我们并不期望商人专注于探索商业行为的准则一样，普通科学家的首要任务也不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范。
5. They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。
知识分子可能很善于教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱。但是，对于涉及道德判断的人类问题，他们大多数人很少或者根本没有进行独立思考。
2005年：
1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
2. In Europe , as elsewhere multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。
像其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团变得越来越成功，他们把相互之间关系密切的电视、广播、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。
3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。
仅这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存不是一件容易的事情；有统计数字进一步说明了这个事实，在1989年欧洲80个电视网中，有50%以上的出现了亏损。
4. Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。
不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特征”绝非易事，需要做出战略性的选择。
5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。
在应对如此规模挑战的过程中，可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就胜利；分裂，我们就失败”。
2004年：
1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought ，which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be。
希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。早在人们认识到语言可能是千差万别的之前，这种观点就在欧洲扎下了根。
2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished，as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。
我们非常感激他们，因为随着讲这些语言的民族的消亡或者被同化，这些民族也就丧失了自己的本族语言，其中一些语言在此之后就不复存在了。
3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data。
新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同，因此有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的。
4. Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought ，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society 。
由于对语言与思维的关系非常感兴趣，沃夫形成了这样一个观点：语言结构决定一个社会的习惯思维结构。
5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society。
沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，该观点极端地认为：语言束缚思维，语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
2003年：
1. Furthermore ，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。
而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使其他所有形式的生命服从与他们自己特有的想法和想象。
2. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。
社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和客观的方式来研究人类及其行为。
3. The emphasis on data gathered firsthand ，combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。
强调收集第一手资料，并在分析过去和现在的文化时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特的、非常重要的社会科学。
4. Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”。
泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他的能力和习惯”。
5. Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture”，like the concept of “set”in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding。
因此，人类学中的“文化”的概念，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。（or：因此，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，人类学中的“文化”的概念是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。）
2002年：
1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on 。
难题之一在于几乎所有的所谓行为科学仍然是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去探究行为的根源。
2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find 。
行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分地是因为对行为的解释好像经常可以直接观察到，部分地是因为一直难以找到其他的解释。
3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago , and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied。
自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而对于环境在塑造和维持个体行为中的选择作用则刚刚才开始得到认识和研究。
4. They are the possessions of the autonomous self governing man of traditional theory , and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
自由和尊严是传统理论中自主人所拥有的东西，也是一个人在对自己的行为负责并因其成就而受到赞扬的实践中所必不可少的东西。
5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 。
除非这些问题得到解决，否则行为科学将会继续受到排斥，随之，唯一有可能解决问题的方法也将受到排斥。
2001年
1. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots ，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they
offend。
届时将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，也会有装备着污染监控器的汽车，一旦汽车的排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。
2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ，computers with in built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools ，relaxation will be in front of smell television，and digital age will have arrived。
儿童将会与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将成为人们的工友而非工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，届时数字时代就到来了。
3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place 。
皮尔逊把世界各地数百位研究人员的成果汇集在一起，制成了一个具有独特技术的千年历，我们有望从中看到数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。
4. But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man machine integration : “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century ”。
但是皮尔逊指出，这个突破仅仅只是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长道路的第一步，到下个世纪末之前，将会最终研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
5. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage 。
家用电器将会变得智能化，以至于对它们的控制和操作将会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂热症。
2000年：
1. Under modern conditions ，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 。
在现代条件下，这要求不同程度的中央控制，因此需要获得专业科学家的帮助，例如经济学家和运筹学领域的专家。2. Furthermore ，it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry ，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 。
此外，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业的生产效率直接相关，而工农业生产效率的提高又有赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。
3. Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications ，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above 。
大众通讯的显著发展，使各地的人们感到有新的需求，也接触到一些新的习俗和观念，基于上述原因，政府常常得推出更进一步的革新。
4. In the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization —with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century ，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so 。
早期实现工业化的欧洲国家，其工业化的进程——以及随之而来的所有意义深远的社会结构变革——持续了大约一个世纪，然而，如今一个发展中国家10年左右就可能经历这样一个过程。
5. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 。
人口的猛增，或者大量的人口流动如今，现代交通手段使得这种流动相对容易起来产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。（or：如今，现代交通手段使得大量的人口流动变得相对容易起来；人人口猛增或者大量人口流动产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。）
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
https://www.doczj.com/doc/594925683.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.doczj.com/doc/594925683.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度
Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .-- Shakespeare 历年考研英语翻译精解 98年翻译题解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释 完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。 第三、词的处理：working with 使用，以……为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果 完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，
1996年英译汉试题 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
考研英语翻译历年真题汇总 2010年考研一天天临近，在此为广大考生提供了2010年考研英语翻译历年真题，希望能有所帮助。 In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分） Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points) 1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。 1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils. 2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。 2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s. 3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。 3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made). 4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。 4. The result is much (far) better than we expected. 5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。 5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy). 6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。 6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology. 7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。 7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party. Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专 业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段） Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲 一、全真试题 In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. （71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived. According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. （73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.” Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. 二、翻译题解
46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会