刘醒龙《走向胡杨》阅读理解试题及答案解析
走向胡杨
刘醒龙
（1）去新疆，第一个想起的便是胡杨。
（2）小时候，曾经有一本书让我着迷。那上面将塔里木河描写得神奇而美丽。当年苏联专家曾经否定这儿可以耕种。沿着天山山脉脚下的公路往喀什走，过了达坂城不久，便遇上了大片不知名的戈壁，活着的东西除了一股股旋风，剩下的就只有趴在四只轮子上的汽车了。往南走，左边总是白花花的盐碱地，右边永远是天山雪水冲积成的漫坡和一重重没有草木的山脉。
（3）汽车跑了两千多公里，总听见兵团人说，只要有水，这儿什么都能种出来。兵团的人还告诉我，胡杨也分雌雄，母的长籽生絮时像松花江上的雾凇。胡杨的花絮随风飘散，只要有水它就能生根发芽，哪怕那水是苦的涩的。爱垦荒的王震将他的部队撒到新疆各地，随着一百二十个农垦团的成立，荒漠上立即出现了一百二十个新地名。在墨玉县有个叫四十七团的地方，那是一个几乎完全被沙漠包围的兵团农场，农场的生存条件已到了不能再恶劣的程度。农四十七团的前身是八路军三五九旅七一九团，进疆后这一千多名官兵便留下来，为着每一株绿苗每一滴淡水，也为着每一线生存的希望而同历史抗争。从进沙漠，五十年过去了，许多人已长眠不醒，在地下用自己的身体肥沃着沙漠。活着的人里仍有几十位老八路至今也没再出过沙漠。另外有一些老战士，前两年才被专门接到乌鲁木齐住了几天。老人们看着五光十色的城市景象，激动地问这就是共产主义吗？对比四十七团农场，这些老人反而惭愧起来，责怪自己这么多年做得太少。在他们中从没有人后悔自己的部队没有留在北京，也不去比较自己与京城老八路的不同之处。他们说，有人做牡丹花，就得有人做胡杨；有人喝甘露，就得有人喝盐碱水。
（4）兵团人有句名言，活在自己脚下的土地上，就是对国家的最大贡献。在那些除了兵团人再无他人的不毛之地，兵团人不仅是活着的界碑，更活出了国家的尊严和神圣。他们放牧着的每一群牛羊，都无异于共和国的千军万马。兵团人耕耘着的每一块沙地，都等同于共和国的千山万水。
（5）在新疆的最后一天，周涛赶来送别。我们没有谈到诗。我们谈酒。
（6）被谈到的当然还有胡杨。
（7）和田是绕行塔克拉玛干大沙漠的折返点。塔克拉玛干在维吾尔语里是“进得去出不来”的意思。独自站在沙丘后面，来时的足迹，像时钟上的最后一秒，又像身临绝顶时最后的绳索。仿佛在与末日面对面，人很难再前行一步。兵团人在车上悄然睡去，他们曾经从沙漠这边进去那边出来，塔克拉玛干神话在他们的脚下改写得很彻底，成了日常的起居生活。车行十几个小时后，重又出现的戈壁上突然冒出几棵树干几乎粗过树冠的大树。兵团人说这就是活着一千年不死、死了一千年不倒、倒了一千年不烂的次生胡杨林。活的、死的、倒的胡杨零星地散布在戈壁上，没有其他草木做伴，一只鹰和两只乌鸦在高处和低处盘旋。地表上没有一丝水的迹象。胡杨们互相间隔都在十几米以上。作为树，它们是孤独的；作为林，它们似乎更孤独。希望里有雨露，希望里有肥沃，处在半干枯状态下的胡杨，用粗壮的主干举着纤细的枝条和碎密的叶片，像一张张网去抓住没有云的空气中的每一缕潮湿与养分。白云晨雾这种亘古的印象，成了盐碱烙在胡杨树上的灰白色的苍茫与沧桑。
（8）一种树为了天地，长在它本不该生长的地方。
（9）
（10）一种人和树的沙漠戈壁有尽头。
（11）一种人和树的沙漠戈壁没有尽头。
答题：
28. 文章第六段“被谈到的当然还有胡杨”单独成段，其作用是什么？（4分）
29. 题目是“走向胡杨”，行文中直接写胡杨的笔墨并不多，忽而写戈壁滩，忽而写兵团人，忽而写塔克拉玛干大沙漠，这是为什么？请从内容和写法的角度加以赏析。
30. 本文语言精炼而意蕴丰富，耐人寻味，请结合具体语境分析“兵团人不仅是活着的界碑，更活出了国家的尊严与神圣”这句话的内在含意。
31. 结合上下文的内容和形式，试拟写本文的第（9）段。
32. 面对五光十色的城市，有人怨天尤人，有人纸醉金迷，甚至有人为了“追星”而家破人亡，而我们在沙漠中生活了一辈子的兵团老八路却“激动地问这就是共产主义吗”，进而“惭愧”地“责问自己”。读后你有何触动和感想？请结合对文本内容的理解谈谈你的触动和感想。（不少于50字）（4分）
答案：
28. （1）承上启下，从上文写兵团人、写与周涛谈酒过渡到下文在塔克拉玛干沙漠看到的胡杨。（2）单独成段，起突出强调作用，突出本文的写作对象“胡杨”，点明主旨。
29. （1）从内容的角度看，写戈壁滩和塔克拉玛干沙漠是交代胡杨生存环境的恶劣，突出表现胡杨和像胡杨一样的兵团人令人震撼的、顽强的生命力与意志力。而写像胡杨一样的兵团人正是本文的写作目的所在。（2）从写法的角度看，这样写体现了散文“形散神聚”的特点，无论写戈壁滩还是大沙漠都是为写胡杨和像胡杨一样的兵团人服务的。
30. 在那片荒凉、渺无人烟的不毛之地，兵团人顽强地生活着，创造着，是祖国大地上的奇迹；兵团人的顽强与伟大正代表中国人的意志和精神，彰显着祖国的尊严和神圣。
31. 一种人为了历史，活在本不该他生活的地方。
32. “触动”是兵团老八路的言行、思想和精神给自己的印象和震撼，“感想”是联系现实生活和自身经验，谈谈青年人该建立怎样的价值观。
（责任编辑：兰香子）
新东方中考网
英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation. Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods. In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real. There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language. （1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because . A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful （2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning? A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives. C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication. （3）What opinion does the author hold? A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time. C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读下面的材料，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。 More and more people are using mobile phones now. Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. They are also used for sending e-mails or surfing the Internet. If someone talks about mobile phones, many Chinese will think of Huawei. In China, even in the world, Huawei is a wonder （奇迹）. Ren Zhengfei built up （创建）Huawei company in 1987. The company sold 58.4 million smart phones in the first season of 2019. Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. Now, Huawei has been the leader in 5G field. It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. They try their best to bring digital （数码） and high technology to every person and place. It's more convenient for modern people to live in a rapid way. What a useful technology 5G is! We are looking forward to seeing a stronger Huawei. It provides a faster and better communication way for us. It also brings "Created in China" to the world. （1）You can use Huawei mobile phones to take photos. （2）Ren Zhengfei set up Huawei company in 1987. （3）Huawei has got the first place at the mobile market. （4）Few top engineers and scientists work on research in Huawei company. （5）Huawei gives us a slower communication way. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）0 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是华为手机和5G技术的发展情况。 （1）细节理解题。根据Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. 智能手机被用作电视、相机和音乐播放器。可知可以照相。故答案为：正确。 （2）细节理解题。根据Ren Zhengfei built up （创建） Huawei company in 1987。任正非于1987年创建华为公司。故答案为：正确。 （3）细节理解题。根据Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. 华为在移动市场排名第二。故华为在移动市场上占据第一。故答案为：错误。 （4）细节理解题。根据It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. 它
中考英语阅读理解培优训练(附解析) 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap （代沟）. Don't argue （争辩） with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can't express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try! （1）According to the passage who have a communication problem? A. parents and other people B. only school kids and their parents C. teachers and their students D. parents and children of all ages （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. （3）The underlined word "bridge" in the passage means "___________". A. 建立 B. 消除 C. 通过 D. 到达 （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better ___________. A. argue with them B. keep away from them C. agree with them all the time D. tell your parents what you care about （5）The best title for the passage is ___________.
（英语）英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析 一、阅读理解 1．根据短文内容选择正确答案。 D If you could see a movie of your life before you lived it, would you want to live it? Probably not. The excitement of living is that you don’t know what’s coming. Sure, it’s hard to see uncertainty in such positive（积极的）light when you’re out of work, or when you feel like you’re failing. But uncertainty is really another word for chance. When Allison graduated from Harvard, she had chan ces all over the place but had no idea what she wanted to do. She took a job in consulting（咨询）, but she knew she wouldn’t stay there. She took the GRE and scored so high that she was able to increase her income（收入）by teaching students. Still, she didn’t think she wanted to go to graduate school. Allison knew she w asn’t doing what she wanted, but she didn’t know what she wanted. She worried. All her friends were going to graduate school or starting their own businesses. She was lost and felt that she would never find anything out. After six years, Allison, by having a general（全面的）plan in mind, got married, moved to the Midwest, and used her consulting experience to get a great job. Allison realized that she spent her years finding her way: time well spent, and time we must all take if we’re being honest with ours elves. The only way to lead an interesting life is to face uncertainty and make a choice. Otherwise your life is not your own—it is a path someone else has chosen. Moments of uncertainty are when you create your life, when you become who you are. Uncertainty usually begins with a job hunt, but it doesn’t end there. Every new role we take on means another round of uncertainty. Instead of fearing it, you should find some ways to deal with uncertainty. （1）From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that . A. being out of work is a sad thing B. uncertainty is what makes life interesting C. life in a film is more exciting than real life. D. chance never appears when we need it （2）What troubles Allison after graduation? A. She couldn’t find a well-paid job. B. She had no money to start a business. C. She was not sure what to do. D. She didn’t score high enough for graduate school. （3）How did Allison feel about her six years’ working experience? A. Uncertain. B. Amazed . C. Sorry. D. Satisfied. （4）What may be discussed in the following paragraph?
【英语】英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
中考英语阅读理解本章综合与测试（解析版） 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。 A According to a new survey, students’ safety has become a big problem. Nearly 50% of students say they are worried about robbery on the way to and from school. Now in main big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson: self-protection. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save lives and know how to stop danger before it really happens. Chen Haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No. 25 Middle School, gives young students advice on how to deal with danger. ★If you are robbed Keep calm. lf you can not cry for help or run away. Give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. ★If you are in a traffic accident If a car hits you. You should remember the car number. If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you don't know how seriously you are hurt ★If it is raining hard and there is lighting Don't stay in high places and stay away from trees. ★When there is a fire Get away as fast as yon can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take the lift. ★If someone is drowning If you can't swim, don't get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at all time! （1）Why do students like the self-protection lesson? ①Because there are no tests. ②Because the lessons are boring ③Because they can learn how to save lives. ④Because they can know how to stop danger b efore it happens. A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ （2）What will you do if a bicycle hurts you? A. I will remember the bicycle number. B. I won't let the rider go until I call my parents. C. I will let the rider go before I call my parents. D. I will let the rider go because I know how seriously I am hurt. （3）lf your house is on fire, you must__________. A. put dry things on your body B. run quickly and take the lift C. run away and find an exit as quickly as you can
六级英语阅读理解提高技巧分享六级英语阅读理解提高技巧分享 (一)SectionA选词填空题 1、阅读过程中讯速浏览全文，了解文章主题; 2、阅读15个选项，将单词分为名词、动词、形容词、副词四种类型(按最原始的意思分，一般形容词和副词较多); 3、根据语法特征确定所填词性; 4、根据上下文逻辑确定所填词义。 (二)SectionB信息匹配题 1、阅读文后十道题，标记关键词; 2、含最优关键词(数词、时间、专有名词)的题先行匹配; 3、剩余题进行匹配，注意有时两题会对应同一段。 最理想的情况是：我们依靠所划的关键词迅速定位到信息所在的段落，从而得到答案。这就要求我们所划的关键词是独一无二的，它只出现在原文的某一个段落。那么什么样的词才有这个特点呢? 关键词通常分为两类：第一类是表时间、数字及首字母大写的人名地名等专有名词;第二类是比较长，比较复杂的名词;这里切记，不能用表达中心思想的主题词去定位，因为文章通篇讲的都是它。 由于问题顺序和文章行文顺序一致，所以先做第一小题，然后做第二小题，看一道，做一道。千万不要把文章全部看完后再做题，或者全部题目看完后再读文章。
在将题目和文章比对的同时，要善于学会精读重点信息。比如，文中举例处，引语及多个名词并列而不是完整句子的内容，均可略读。 此外，要多关注文中的逻辑关系词，对于这些词的把握，有助于我们精确把握重要信息。通常要注意下面三种逻辑关系： (1)并列、递进关系：and，or，besides，furthermore， what’smore，then，inaddition，moreover，inotherwords; (2)因果关系：asaresultof，onaccountof，asaresult，thanksto，therefore，hence，consequently，because，for，dueto，owingto; (3)转折关系：whereas，however，but，nevertheless，yet，infact; 最后，要学会运用特殊的标点符号，比如冒号，破折号，小括号。这些标点符号的出现就是对前面的内容作进一步的说明。所以，在 阅读文章时，可以跳读这些标点符号后面的信息，从而帮助我们节 省更多宝贵的时间并且更加快速地把握文章的主旨。 (二)SectionC仔细阅读题 1、利用文章主题或全文核心词提示答案; 2、利用定位句上下文重复描述的内容确定答案; 因为在仔细阅读题中主旨题与态度题经常会涉及到而且占了很大比重，所以现在重点介绍一下主旨题和态度题。 主旨题：阅读首末段以及各段首句，尤其注意首末段的转折句; 综合全文的核心名词词组，这种词也常在各段首句出现;第三种：阅 读五道题的题干，综合共同的名词词组。错误答案一般设计为文中 的细节，若仅仅是某一段的主题。正确答案一般具有模糊化、概括 化的特点，往往是最短的或者第二短的那个选项。 态度题：题中含有opinion,view,attitude或 consider,deem,thinkof等词;
第六讲阅读理解真题练习及答案详解 一、2001年1月CET-6阅读理解真题 Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this passage is followed by some questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: Birds that are literaly half asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain remains awake,according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemiphere’s eye stays open and also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable,end of the row enough,the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze directions. Also,birds dozing(打盹)at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep,rather than total relaxation,more often than inner ducks 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row,the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots. “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,”the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread,he ’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half sleeping might be,it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物)as dolphins,whales,and keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.