A NSWER KEY
Part One: Essay Writing
1 An Introduction to Writing
Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6
Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.
Support: 1. Inconvenience
b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater
d. Sticky floor
3. Other moviegoers
a. Running kids
b. Laughing, shouting teenagers
Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8
1. c
2. b
3. a
4. a. Inconvenience of going out
b. Temptations of the theater
c. Behavior of some patrons
Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10
1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.
2. b. Parking lot is always jammed
d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded
e. Tickets cost up to $8 each
3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.
4. b. 2) chocolate bars
3) Milk Duds
5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.
6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles
b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises
Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10
1. a
2. c
Review Activities, 18–20
Answers will vary.
2 The Writing Process
Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.
Activity (Writing a First Draft), 33
1. thesis 5.
specific
2. first 6.
bs
3. equiped (other answers are possible)7. conclusion
4. second and third
Activity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–37
1. Second 5.
watching what I keep in the house
2. however 6.
comfortable seats
3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. As
4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. jump into my hands
sticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. disgusted
dripping with butter . . . risk pulling out
my fillings as I chew
Activity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40
Answers will vary.
Activity (Prewriting), 41–43
L, Q, SO, C, F
Activity 1 (Outlining), 43–45
1. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.
a. Students
(1) Involved with drugs
(2) Formed cliques
b. Teachers
(1) Unwilling to help after class
(2) Much too strict
c. Buildings
(1) Leaky ceilings
(2) Ill-equipped gym
2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.
a. Working conditions
(1) Heat in kitchen
(2) Noisy work area
b. Hours
(1) Ten-hour shifts
(2) Hours changed every week
c. Pay
(1) Minimum wage
(2) No bonus for overtime
3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.
a. Social benefits
(1) Make new friends
(2) Meet interesting instructors
b. Mental benefits
(1) Reduces mental stress
(2) Improves self-image
c. Physical benefits
(1) Strengthens heart
(2) Tones muscles
4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.
a. Lighter workload
(1) Less work in class
(2) Less homework
b. Friendlier atmosphere
(1) Teachers more relaxed
(2) Students happy about vacation
c. Special events
(1) Pep rallies
(2) Holiday concerts
Activity 2 (Outlining), 45–47
Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.
First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us. Support: 2. Workers’ salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.
3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.
a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.
b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers. Second topic sentence: Another area that technology is changing is entertainment.
Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.
2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.
Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others.
Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.
2. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.
3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.
Activity (Revising), 47–48
2, 1, 4, 3
3 The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing
Activity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50–51
List 1 List 2
2 Teachers
3 Bicycles
l Education 4 Dangers of bike riding
3 Math teacher l Recreation
5 My high school math 2 Recreational vehicles
teacher was incompetent. 5 Bike riding in the city is a
4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.
List 3 List 4
1 Retail companies 3 Camping
2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip
4 Dealing with customers 2 Summer vacation
3 Working in a supermarket 5 My first camping trip was a 5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.
unpleasant supermarket customers. l Vacations
Activity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53
A. 1. TB
B. 6. 2
2. TN 7. A
3. TB 8. 2
4. TN 9. A
5. TB 10. 2
Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54–55
Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.
1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4. c. Save money
2. c. Sense of humor 5. c. Long hours
3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about finances
Activity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57
S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buying
pressure-treated lumber.
X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced?
How did this parent punish the writer?
S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved:
cheesecake and jeans.
X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?
Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58
Answers are given in the text after the activity.
Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61
Thesis statement: 4
Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5
Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15
Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22
First sentence of the conclusion: 34
Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61–62 Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62
1. A a.
1. TN a.
OK b.
OK b.
2. OK a.
2. TN a.
A b.
OK b.
3. OK a.
3. TN a.
A b.
OK b.
4. A a.
4. OK a.
OK b.
TN b.
5. A a.
5. OK a.
OK b.
TN b.
Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62–63 Activity 4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 63
1. TB a.
1. OK a.
OK b.
2 b.
2. TB a.
2. 2 a.
OK b.
OK b.
3. OK a.
3. OK a.
TB b.
2 b.
4. TB a.
4. 2 a.
OK b.
OK b.
5. TB a.
5. 2 a.
OK b.
OK b.
Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64
Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below.
1. science. 6. coach
2. to be enthusiastic. 7. we were emotionally immature.
3. my boyfriend. 8. manners
4. money. 9. my relationships with others.
5. breaks down regularly. 10. the time I dented my friend’s car.
Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65
Answers may vary slightly.
1. The cars I’ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.
2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.
3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.
4. Halloween is not all fun.
5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.
Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66
Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below.
1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.
2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.
3. My mother’s tidiness drives us crazy.
4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.
5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.
6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.
7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than they’re supposed to.
8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.
9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.
10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city.
Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67
Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.
1. Exotic animals as pets
People should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.
2. Teens and birth control
Parents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.
3. The new season’s TV programming
The new television programs are carbon copies of last year’s successful shows.
4. Computerized offices
Computers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.
5. Major fields of study
Choosing a major does not have to be done blindly.
6. House calls
Doctors should be compelled to make house calls.
7. Summer vacations
Summer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.
8. Barbecuing
There are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue grill.
9. Children’s allowances
Getting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.
10. Christmas shopping
One year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance. Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68–69
Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.
1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight
2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs his
hair with his toothbrush
3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized
4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me
5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies
6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater
7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak
8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temper
Activity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69–70
AD 1.
U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,
treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, and
providing a nutritious diet.
U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting?
Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and so
on) that aren’t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitious
jingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).
AD 4.
U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions
other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful?
And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what she
wanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writer
attempted to please her.
Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70–73
Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included in the paragraphs below.
First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before.Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer—Dorothy Sayers—and it was pleasant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. W e each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages.Mom and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework.Instead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could
do them in a couple of hours—far more quickly than we expected.
Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time.Mom fixed a faucet that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping.Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue.Mom and Dad struggled with this year’s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.
Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them.We were glad to see how much the Overholt children had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought.
4 The Third Step in Essay Writing
Fill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75–76
The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order.
The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order: Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.
The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing, In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.
The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.
Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77
A. 1. time order
B. time; emphatic; time; emphatic
2. emphatic order
3. combination of time and emphatic order
Activity (Transitions), 78–80
1. Addition signals: One, Also, Another
2. Time signals:After,First, Next, Finally
3. Space signals:Next [to], To the right, Near
4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however
5. Illustration signals:For example, such as
6. Conclusion signals:Finally, therefore
Activity (Transitional Sentences), 81
Answers may vary slightly.
In addition to teaching me about the importance of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work.
Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized the benefits of a good education. Activity (Other Connecting Words), 83
1. four times
2. he
3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigid
Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87 Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 89
1. B Starting with an opposite 1. P/R
2. F Quotation 2. Q
3. A General to narrow 3. S
Activity (Titles), 90–91
Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.
1. Choosing McDonald’s
2. A Diner at Midnight
3. Audiences at Rock Concerts
Activity 1 (Organizing Through Time Order), 91–93
1. 1
2. 3
3. 1
3 1 3
2 2 2
Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95–96
1. 2
2. 3
3. 2
1 1 3
3 2 1
Activity (Providing Transitions), 93–94
First of all, there are the people . . .
For example, there are the ones . . .
Another type of nervous . . .
However, neither of these . . .
A second category of people . . .
On the contrary, they feel compelled . . .
As a result, no one hears . . .
After they have been to the theater . . .
Then they will start . . .
Last of all, there are the people who talk . . .
In addition, it is impossible . . .
But if ever I am granted . . .
Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words), 95–96
S 1. T 9.
P 2. RW 10.
T 3. S 11.
S 4. T 12.
P 5. P 13.
RW 6. RW 14.
P 7. T 15.
P 8.
Activity (Completing Transitional Sentences), 96–97
Thesis 1:
After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtain legal permits . . .
Finally, once you have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise . . .
Thesis 2:
In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in a stadium . . .
Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the ―real thing.‖. . .
Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions), 97-99
Pair 1:
D Incident or story
I Prediction or recommendation
Pair 2:
E Question(s)
G Summary and final thought
Pair 3:
F Quotation
G Summary and final thought
5 The Fourth Step in Essay Writing
Activity (Use Parallelism), 101–102
Answers may vary slightly.
1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.
2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers,
and making speeches.
3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.
4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, and
sprayed with red enamel.
5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and
auditioning for professional companies.
6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance for advancement.
7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or at
home.
8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’s respect.
9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his own instincts.
10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, and
dying forests.
Activity (Consistency with Verbs), 103
1. arrive arrived 6. floated
floats
2. asks asked 7. grabs
grabbed
3. sliced slices 8.
swooped swoops
4. went goes 9.
recharged recharge
5. tips tipped 10. burns
burned
Activity (Consistency with Pronouns), 104–105
1. your their health 6. you I can
own
2. you I never know 7. you her
indigestion
3. youwe have if youwe 8. you we don’t dare
4. their its aggressive 9. we they can
learn
5. one you should plan 10. one you should
dress
Activity 1 (Use Specific Words), 106–107
Answers will vary; following are examples.
1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .
2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .
3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.
4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page . . .
5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .
Activity 2 (Use Specific Words), 107–108
Answers will vary; following are examples.
1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused to start.
2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffling problems.
3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes open.
4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be swept out, scrubbed, and reorganized.
5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Street
and stopped traffic for an hour.
Activity (Use Active Verbs), 109
1. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.
2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.
3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.
4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.
5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.
Activity (Use Concise Words), 110–111
Answers will vary.
1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.
2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.
3. I am shy.
4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.
5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.
6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.
7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.
8. The school district canceled classes because of the bad weather.
9. I regret not having studied word processing in high school.
10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.
Activity (Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought), 112–113
1. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .
2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .
3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .
4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .
5. . . . present, so I offered . . .
Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought), 114–115
Answers may vary.
1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .
2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .
3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .
4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .
5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words a
minute, she . . .
Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase), 116
1. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.
2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to work overtime.
3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.
4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.
5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel to channel.
Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series), 117–118
Answers may vary.
1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in his mouth.
2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.
3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes, and drunk
eight cups of coffee.
4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under the old wooden
eaves.
5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.
Activity (Proofreading), 120–121
1. 2 6.
11
2. 4 7.
13
3. 5 8.
14
4. 6 9.
16
5. 9 10.
17
Corrections (methods of correction may vary):
1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, who
smoked
2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, my
favorite color
3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they are
colored neon green.
4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, I
look
5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray;
the answer
Review Test 1 (Using Parallelism), 122
1. filled with suspense suspenseful 6.selling toys toy salesperson
2. furniture for the office 7. food on the table putting food on the table
office furniture 8. to cram cramming
3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9.bags are put on them bagged (or:put into bags)
4. preparing to prepare 10.with friendliness as well and his friendliness
5. being kind kindness
Review Test 2 (Using Parallelism), 123
1. to buy buying 6.were whispering whispered
2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting
3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good good pay
rotting porch furniture 9. was putting put
4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 10. losing lost
5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)
Review Test 1 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 124
1. is was taken 6. gets got the chicken
2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized it
contained
3. proceeds proceeded slowly. 8. transfers transferred
the groceries,
4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that the
barbecued chicken
5. parks parked his shopping cart 10. says said to the clerk, Review Test 2 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 125
1. you they work. 6. one I can
meet
2. you I could hear 7. were to
you me.
3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive
4. one I must complete 9. you they have
turned in
5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to help
you her.
Review Test 1 (Using Specific Words), 126
Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.
2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .
3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .
4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.
5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion.
Review Test 2 (Using Specific Words), 127
Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid questions.
2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.
3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’ duel.
4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.
5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.
Review Test (Using Active Verbs), 128
1. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.
2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.
3. A virus infected my computer.
4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.
5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.
6. The telephone company placed an additional charge on our phone bill.
7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.
8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.
9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.
10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.
Review Test 1 (Using Concise Words), 129
Answers may vary; examples are shown.
1. I finally decided to look for a new job.
2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.
3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.
4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.
5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price dropped before buying our computer. Review Test 2 (Using Concise Words), 130
Answers may vary; examples are shown.
1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.
2. Your line of credit has been increased.
3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or:I think candy tastes better than fruit.)
4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.
5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.
Review Test 1 (Varying Your Sentences), 131
Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and the
watch slid off her wrist.
2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and they
crumpled under her.
3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive garage
because he did not want to risk damage to his new car.
4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young police
officer.
5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked slates off the roof, and
uprooted a young tree.
Review Test 2 (Varying Your Sentences), 132–133
Answers will vary; examples are shown.
1. When a sudden cold front hit the area, temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less than an
hour. I was not wearing a warm jacket, so my teeth began to chatter.
2. Vern works as a model, so he has to look his best. When he gained ten pounds recently, he
had to take off the extra weight, or he would have lost his job.
3. As the ball game was about to begin, a dog ran onto the field and began nipping the
infielders’ ankles. The game had to be delayed until the dog was chased away.
4. The hungry lion watched the herd of gazelle closely. If a young or sick animal wandered
away from the group, the lion would move in for the kill.
5. Suffering from arthritis, my aunt decided to find a helpful form of exercise. She learned
that swimming is very healthful because it works every muscle group in the body without straining the muscles.
Review Test 3 (Varying Your Sentences), 134
Answers will vary; an example is shown.
Lena and Miles wanted a nice, quiet, relaxing vacation, so they rented a small lakeside cabin. Their first day there was very peaceful, but the situation quickly changed when a large family moved into a nearby cabin. They played music at top volume and raced around in a speedboat with a loud whining engine. Lena and Miles, no longer very relaxed, packed up their things, drove off, and returned to their quiet apartment.
6 Four Bases for Revising Essays
Activity (Revising for Unity), 138
The following sentences should be crossed out:
Paragraph 3: We are close now, though. In fact, Eddie recently painted my new apartment for me.
Paragraph 4: Now I realize that teenage drinking is dangerous. I read recently that the number
one killer of teenagers is drunk driving.
Activity (Revising for Support), 141
Answers will vary.
Activity (Revising for Coherence), 144
Answers will vary.
Activity (Revising for Sentence Skills), 147–148
1. In word group 14, are should be is to make the verb agree with way.
2. In word group 19, quite should be quiet.
3. In word group 22, 5 should be spelled out.
4. In word group 22, began should be changed to the correct form of the verb, begun.
5. In word group 23, there should be quotation marks around ―Bugs.‖
6. In word group 23, an exclamation point is needed for an end mark.
7. In word group 24, Dumping the food in the disposal is a dangling modifier. It should be
changed to They’ll all dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car, and . . .
8. In word group 24, make a beeline is a cliché. It should be changed to head quickly.
9. In word group 24, mcdonald’s should be capitalized.
10. Word group 29 is a run-on. It can be corrected thus: . . . simple. Coworkers, . . .
Activity (Revising an Essay for Unity), 148–150
―Playing on the Browns‖—Irrelevant sentences: 15, 24, 28
―How to Con an Instructor‖—Irrelevant sentences: 11, 19, 24, 33
Activity (Evaluating Essays for Support), 156–158
―Formula for Happiness‖—Supporting details needed after sentences 7, 13, 16, 20, 21
―Problems of a Foreign Student‖—Supporting details needed after sentences 12, 17, 24
Activity (Revising Essays for Coherence), 152–155
―Noise Pollution‖
1. sentence 6 5. sentence 19
2. canned music 6. rubble
3. sentence 12 7. six times
4. sentence 18 8. 4, 2, 3
―Weight Loss‖
1. sentence 8 5. sentence 16
2. sentence 9 6. fat
3. sentence 12 7. four times
4. my best friend’s family 8. 3
Activity (Revising Essays for All Four Bases), 155–158
―Chiggers‖
Paragraph 2: a (―I am definitely . . . and concrete.‖)
Paragraph 3: c
Paragraph 4: d (―Mainly . . . summertime.‖—fragment; ―I will . . . red speck.‖—run-on) ―The Hazards of Being an Only Child‖
Paragraph 2: a (―Some only children . . . writing or drawing.‖)
Paragraph 3: d (―And who . . . morning.‖—fragment; ―After all . . . secrets.‖—run-on) Paragraph 4: b (―. . . family decisions, either.‖)
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案(PART 1) ANSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10 1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle
of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. 4. b. 2) chocolate bars 3) Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18–20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31
1. My view on…(就...问题，我的观点) Model 1 模板一 Para 1第一段 Different people have different views on... It is held/ believed/ thought/ recognized/ acknowledged that...But it is also held that ... 就 ...而言，不同的人有不同的观点（见仁见智）。大家都认为...但也有人认为... Those who hold the first opinion feel…In contrast/however/on the contrary, those who hold the second view believe/suggest/argue/believe/think that… 持第一个观点的人认为...相反地，持第二个观点的人认为 Para 2 第二段 As to me, I agree with the former/latter opinion. Admittedly… /后者 In my opinion, I am for From my standpoint / viewpoint, I am in favor of From my point of view, I am supportive of As far as I am concerned What’s more，… Moreover，… Furthermore，… ，… Para 3 结尾段 In a word, … In sum In brief In short It’s necessary to take a correct attitude to…. Only …, can we … In conclusion 对...持正确的态度是有必要的。只有...，我们才能... To sum up As is mentioned above, Taking all the above into consideration, Model 2 模板二 Para 1第一段 随着...到来/诞生，在我们生活/社会中...变得越来越... When asked about ..., different people will offer different opinions.
写作基础训练 Ⅰ) 五大句型 根据谓语动词的不同性质，语言学家总结出英语的五大基本句型。无论多么错综复杂的句子，都是在五大句型的基础上扩展而成的。总体上，句子必须包含至少一个主谓结构。有了这种认识，就可以避免写出残缺句。 使用动词时应考虑以下几个方面： ●及物还是不及物？ ●短暂性还是持续性？ ●描述动作还是状态？ ●一次性动作还是习惯性动作？ ●助动词还是习动词。 1.主+谓(+状) SV(A) The sun rises in the east. Everything is going on well. We set off in the early morning. 2.主+系+表SVC He is an expert in computers. They remain silent. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 3.主+谓+宾SVO I like sports. Mary has finished her work. My father will meet one of my uncles at the airport. 4.主+谓+双宾SV oO Pass me the salt, please. (= pass the salt to me, please.) Would you buy him a gift? (= would you buy a gift for him?) The teacher asked me a question. (= the teacher asked a question of me.) 5.主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC The young couple watched their baby play on the grassland. Carl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. I found it hard to keep up with them. Exercise1. SV A 1.他期盼的那封信最终来了。 2.生活费用上涨了百分之二十。 3.那座寺庙坐落在山顶上。 4.谢谢你，我自己应付得了。 5.作为艺术家，他的成功开始了。 6.时不我待。 7.鸟可以随时飞翔。 8.听了他的话，在场的人都笑了。 9.他们停下来休息， 10.车子突然抛锚了。 Exercise2. SVC 11.天气变得越来越暖和了。 12.他的梦想会成真吗？ 13.船到桥头自然直。 14.这个主意听起来很有道理。 15.做一名知名作家让人感觉不错。 16.我感到有些紧张。 17.女士们希望永葆青春。 18.孩子们很容易地入睡了。 19.腐败的食物对健康不利。 20.你妹妹看上去病了。 Exercise3. SVO 21.你打算到哪儿去度假？ 22.我对这件事全然不知。 23.失败后他从不泄气。 24.你最后一次见到它是什么时候？ 25.你应当为他人树立榜样。 26.晚会上我们玩得很开心。 27.教室需要打扫。 28.结果令我失望。 29.有钱人应帮助穷人。 30.妇女可以把任何事做得与男人一样好。Exercise4. SV oO 31.他送给我一本书作为生日礼物。 32.我可以把我的朋友介绍给你的父母吗？ 33.老师耐心地向我们解释了原因。 34.你给我买了什么东西没有？ 35.她为全家人做一日三餐。 36.小时候爸爸经常给我讲故事。 37.借给我五元钱，好吗？ 38.我侄子每两个月给我写封信 39.经理已经为客人订了房间。 40.我可以请你帮忙吗？ Exercise5. SVOC 41.同学们选他当班长。
基础英语写作与考试相关的练习答案 Page 38 III. 1. uninterested 2. childish 3. envious 4. inexpensive 5. homely 6. decline 7. surprised; slim 8. stout 9. modest 10. every; each 11. attempted 12. sympathy 13. notorious 14. elderly; lady Page 40 V. 1. rained: metaphor 2. like disease: simile 3. defaced: personification 4. trembling: personification 5. angry: personification 6. Force, Reason: metonymy 7. like cows: simile; eat straw, produce milk: metaphor 8. roast duck: metonymy 9. to the skies: overstatement 10. clear and clean: alliteration 11. tongue: synecdoche 12. fertile soil: metaphor
Page 72 I 1. periodic 2. loose 3. period 4. loose 5. loose 6. loose 7. periodic 8. periodic 9. balanced 10. (1) periodic; (2)-(5) balanced Page 75 IV 1.The meeting started at ten o’clock and she began to speak. She spoke very fast. 2.Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known British playwrights of the 20th century. 3.The houses were mere shanties with rags stuffed in the cracks and holes. 4.On the train I read the novel, which did not interest me at all. 5.We later learnt that the well-dressed man who admitted us to the house was a thief. 6.The policemen helped me to find some important documents which I had lost three day before. 7.A saleswoman greeted us when we entered the shop. We saw all kinds of shoes on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable. A lot of customers were buying them.
Suggested Answers for The Yellow Ribbon ” -by Pete Hamill (P . 210) 1. Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back. 2. b 3. a 4. B 5. Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation. Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation/' 6. Examples of Vingo's being honorable: He doesnrt express any self-pity about being in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom. 7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street Other transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick 8. But if she didn't... 9. Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience. 10. The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously. We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home. The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely. P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson 1. d 2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society. 3. According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patiencce. 4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension 6. B 7. 7. To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit 8. D 9. The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved. Supporting Point 1: Pw 曲 raph(s) SiLipfMP< 2; Psi raj 1 rupb(sl Slipporlirtg IFint 3： Paragruphtsj SupFR/Hr% l\jhU 4； Supporling Pohm W Piimp rnph*i Ctiiicliisiuri: Pumgruph: Mm
作文范文 请以“How should parents help their children to be independent?”为题，按照以下要点写作： 1. 目前很多父母为子女包办一切 2. 其实父母应该。。。。。。 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to …… And most children …… According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% ……and more than 85% ….. However, kids cannot depend on their parents forever because …… Besides, being independent …… Therefore, parents need to realize the importance of helping their children to be independent. Parents should encourage their children to …… By doing so, parents …… In addition, parents should urge their kids to …… For example, …… 范文 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to make arrangements and decisions for their children. And most children take such excessive attention for granted and depend on their parents for almost everything. According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% still accompany their children to schools, even to examinations, and more than 85% do housework for their kids including cooking meals and washing clothes.
英语基本句型写作练习一 分析下列句子成分并写出句型。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. I wrote a letter last night. 5. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 6. He has read this book many times. 7. My brothers are all college students. 8. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 9. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 10. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 11. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 12. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 13. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 14. We call her Alice. 15. His parents named him John. 16. All of us considered him honest. 17．They pushed the door open.
18. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight. 19. There was only a well in the village. 20. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.指出下列句子加粗部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. The meeting will last two hours. 12. They have carried out the plan successfully. 13. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 14. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 15．They have set the thief free.
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210) 1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back. 2. b 3. a 4. B 5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation. Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.” 6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom. 7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street Other transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick 8.But if she didn’t... 9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience. 10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously. We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home. The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely. P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson 1. d 2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society. 3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.” 4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension 6. B 7. 8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit 9.D 10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved. P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewis c 2. a 3. D 4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident: female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships 5. Brain anatomy Ways of interacting with the world
ANSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10 1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. 4. b. 2) chocolate bars 3) Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18–20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31
要点:四级120-150六级150-180长短句交叉,不多次重复,高级词汇15个 被动句,插入语,定语从句,强调,名词从句,问句 句型 There is no denying the fact that......不可否认是It is undeniable that……毋庸置疑的是…… It is indisputable that......不可争辩是 when it comes to sth,the overwhelming majority of ......说到sth An increasi ng great number of……一个数目增加的…… It is,therefore,high time that same applicable approaches were implemented by……。Thus,its competetive edge will be sharpened effectively。适当方法被用，提高竞争力。 sth exert a tremendous fascination on sb某人对某物感兴趣 It is no exaggeration to sa y……说……是毫不夸张的 Recently the issue of the phenomenon of……has been brought into focus……问题已成为焦点 As the （classical）proverb goes,‘’……‘’正如谚语所说 With the rapid growth of……,随着……快速增长, 名词短语 fresh point/look新论点/看法 applicable/apposite/appropriate approaches恰当的方法an empty slogan一个空洞的口号 income/generation gap收入差距/代沟 a local point of view狭隘的看法 specialized knowledge and skills专业知识与技能sustainable/rapid development可持续/快速发展 Pandora's Box潘多拉的魔盒 international prestige国际地位 culture/economic globalization文化/经济全球化 vigor and vitality生机与活力 macro regulatory and control ability宏观调控能力Ivory Tower象牙塔 maintenance of ecological balance保护生态平衡 urban/affuent life城市/富足的生活 indispensable element不可或缺的要素 domin/experiential/rudimentary knowledge领域/经验/基础知识 merits and demerits优点和缺点 a two-edged sword双刃剑 动词短语 hatch and breed孕育与培养 seize the opportunities and rise to the challenges抓住机遇,迎接挑战 scrape up/reinfore one's knowledge积累/巩固知识 differentiate virtue from vice区分善恶 （be）despised and condemned被蔑视和谴责 take sth seriously严肃对待 pay a heavy price付出代价 be virtually impossible极不可能 focus attention on self-image注重自我形象 be proficient in精通于 reap the benefits of因/从……得到好处 be conducive to sth有助于 turn a bleed eye on无视 sharpen one' competitive edge提高某人竞争力 be inclined to do想要,倾向做 contribute directly to直接有助于 pray in aid of求助于 frown upon反对 ignite one's enthusiasm点燃热情 swarm into涌入 exert a positive/negative impact on对……有积极/消极影响discriminate against/（in favour of）歧视/偏爱 illustrate sth with sth用……解释……strengthen basic and public construction加强公共基础建设 google the Internet上网搜索 deliver emails发邮件 undertake correspondent obligation承担相应义务function in the disservice of对……有害 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses扬长避短 连词 Ironically讽刺地说 Unquestionably毋庸置疑 on most occasions大多情况下 Specifically speaking具体地说 Conspicuously显然 as a consequence of由于……（不好）Confronted with sth(问题)面临...... In my perspective在我看来 whereas/howbeit=however as an illustration作为例子 in that＝because principally最重要地 be the occasion of引起 futhermore/moreover/additionally另外,此外,而且 in consequence/consequently结果（不好）（be）in contradiction of与……矛盾 in the foreseeable future在可预见的将来 Albeit/notwithstanding虽然,即使
A NSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10 1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. 4. b. 2) chocolate bars 3) Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18–20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.
1. Earthquake A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10 a.m yesterday in a rurai erea , about 200 kilometers east of the city . Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has coused widespread damage and heavy causualties .Many adolescents were among those injured or killed . Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble . However , one thing is certain : many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering . Local people were clearly shaken by this remainder of their mortality . Some religious ones have gatheered to pray that it will never recar . 2. Human and Nature When talking about human and nature , first , I alwafs think the nature give our human veary much —— foods、water、sunshine、warmth or something . We have enough space , and we are enjoying the favor of the nature every now and then . But sometimes , nature is cruel to us , and our human is powerless . For example , earthquake、flood、drought、and so on . 3. Dreams As I was growing up , my dream was always changing . In my childhold , my dream bbecome a policeman in future , So that I could cath the thief and criminal . However , by jonior middle school , my dream was to a People’s Liberation Army man in future . This dream was not changed until I college and I konwn it was don’t prealize . At the university , I attended the national flag guard . We raise flag in morning and flay down at night every day .Where I was deeply in love with militry life . Tody , I have a new dream . I hope to find a good job after graduate or will creat my own career . Then I consider my marriage . In order to be able to find a good job after graduate , I’m going to learn professonal knoledge now . 4. Green Consumption The conception of green consumption has gradually become popular in China . More and more green foods make their appearance on the market and more people become conscious of environmental protection . However , there still exist quite a few difficulties in the further promotion of this gerrn consumption . On the one hand , many people are still not quite clear of the advantages of green foods . On the other one hand , driven by high profits , make fake green foods are found in the m arket . Moreover , many consumers don’t want to pay extra money for the green foods . There maybe several ways to solve these problems . Firstly , the government should supervise the good quality strictly to protect the conssumers’ benfit . Secondly , th e conception of green consumption should be futher promoted and emphasized . Thirdly , the government should work together with the manufacture to make the price more reasonable .