一、元音和辅音
英语共有48 个音素，其中元音20 个，辅音28 个。辅音和元音在英语中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。
元音：元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20 个元音.
A）单元音
a.前元音：/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / ? /
b.中元音：/ ?: /, / ? /
c.后元音：/ ?:/, / ? /, / u /, / u: /, / ɑ: /, / Λ /
i/
（B）双元音（8 个）：
a.合口双元音：/ ei /, / ?u /, / ai /, / au /, /
b.集中双元音：/ i ? /, / ε? /, / u? /
i/
B. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28 个辅音.
辅音的分类：
按其发音的方法分，有：
a.爆破音/ p /, / b /, / t ／, / d /, / k /, / ɡ/
b.摩擦音/ f /，/ v / ，/θ/，/ e /，/ s / ，/ z /
c.破擦音/ t∫/，/ d? / ，/tr/ ，/dr/ ，/ts/，/dz/
d.鼻音/ m / , / n /, / ? /
e.旁流音(舌侧音) / l /
巧记48 个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
单元音
/ i: / Ee /i:/
[i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。
Bb / bi: / 、Cc/ si:/ 、Dd /di:/ 、Gg/d ?i:/ 、Tt/ti:/ 、Vv/vi:/
[i:] 是字母e、ea、ee 、ie 、ei 在单词中的发音
(1)e we me he she be fever meter evening
(2)ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
(3)ee three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
(4)ie piece
(5)ei receive ceiling
[i]-- b ig /big/
舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音, 发此音要短促而轻快。
[i]是字母e、i 、y 在单词中的发音，
(1)e begin English pretty cinema decide delicious
(2)i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
(3)y boy city very sorry many twenty happy dictionary
[e] --egg /eg/ 舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。Ff 〔ef 〕、Mm 〔em 〕、Nn 〔en〕、Ss〔es〕[e]是字母e、ea、a 在单词中的发音
(1)e bed red let get leg pen elephant desk better
(2)ea head bread pleasure
(3)a many any
/ ? / ---bag / b ?g /
[?] 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。是字母 a 在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。
bad am and at sad hand happy hat map mad black back glad flag man
/ ?: /--bird /b ?:d /
[?: ]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。是字母
er 、ir 、or
或ur 在单词中的发音(1) er her term
(2) ir girl bird first third thirty shirt skirt birthday
(3) or work word world
(4) ur nurse turn hurt Thursday
[ ? ]--
today
/ t ?'dei /
[?] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。是字母 a
e、or、er、ur 或ar 在单词中的发音
(1)a about above along America around banana Canada china
(2)o together tomorrow today police
(3)u autumn
(4)or doctor actor work homework housework vistor forget
(5)er father mother brother sister ruler water dinner driver farmer
(6)ur surprise Saturday
(8)ar dollar
[?:] ---all [ ?:l] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。母o、al、ar、or、oar 、our 或oor 在单词中的发音
(1)o story off
(2)al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
(3)ar warm quarter 、o、u、mirror
是字
(4)au August autumn daughter
(5)or for short sport more horse
(6)oar board blackboard cardboard
(7)our four your
(8)oor door floor
[?] ---box /b ?ks/
双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音是字母单词中的发音
( 1)([w])a want wash watch what
( 2)o hot lot not on sorry
[u:]---do[du:]
双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋” Uu〔ju:〕Ww 〔`d?blju: 〕
是字母o 、u 、oo 或ou 在单词中的发音
1) o do to who two
2) u blue glue June
3) oo
food room pool boot school too zoo
4) ou soup group through
[u] ---put/put/ 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋是字母u 、oo 或ou 在单词中的发
(1)o woman wolf a、o 在之长音音。
音
(2)oo book look good foot wood
(3)oul could would should
(4)u put sugar full push pull
[ ɑ:]---arm/ ɑ:m/ Rr〔α:〕双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音
(1)a fast class last glass plant
(2)ar car farm card far garden party park
[?] --- cup [k?p] Ww 〔`d ?blju: 〕
双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之
是字“阿”音母o 或u 在单词中的发音
(1)o come none love other son mother
(2)oo blood flood
(3)ou touch country enough young
(4)u bus sun but cut up us run
双元音
[ei] --- Aa 〔ei 〕舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。
Hh 〔ei?〕、Jj〔d?ei〕、Kk〔kei 〕是字母 a 在开音节中的读音。
⑴ a name cake game face late gate plane April
⑵ ai rain train wait
⑶ ay day may okay play today say way
⑷ ea great break
⑸ ei(gh) eight eighteen eighty
⑹ ey they grey
[ai] --eye [ai] Yy〔wai 〕将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i 或y 在单词中的读音:
(1)i bike fine find die nine light night high
(2)y my try fly eye
[?i]---oil [?i l]
双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。是字母oy 和oi 在单词中的读音
(1)oy boy toy joy
(2)oi soil voice choice point
[au] --out [aut] 将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。
是字母ou 和ow 在单词中的发音
(1)ou out about house blouse loud
⑵ ow how now cow town
[?u]--old [ ?uld] Oo 〔?u 〕
口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。是字母o、oa 和ow 在单词中的发音
(1)o go no nose home open
(2)oa goat boat coat
(3) o w show know yellow window owner snow
[i?]---ear [i ?]
双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷， 从“一”音过渡到
“厄”音
ere 在单词中的读音 ⑴ air air hair chair fair ⑵ are care hare parent ⑶ ear pear wear bear ⑷ ere there where
[u ?]--hour 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之
长音，然后从“屋”音 过渡到“厄”音。 是字母 our 、oor 、ure 、
eer 在单词中的读 ⑴ ure sure
⑵ oor poor
是字母 ear 、ere 、 ea 、 eer 在单词中的读音
(1)ea real idea
(2)ear ear hear dear near clear (3)eer deer cheer beer
(4)ere here
[??]--air[
??]
双唇张开后略圆，
⑶our tou r
牙床张开相当宽， 舌尖卷上渐至卷后。 是字母 air 、are 、ear 、
元音
/i:/ fee feed feet tea sea seek
/?/ fit did dick pig pill pity
/e/ bed better beg bell best said /?/ lab lack bag back banner flag / ɑ:/ car card bar bath far father
/ ?/ bus sum supper run rush rubber
/?:/ door four form saw sought
sorte r
/ ? / song sock sorry long loss dog / u:/ two tool soon blue school goose / u/ good book stood fool cook put
/ ?:/ sir serve surface stir turn were
/?/ again above
arriv
e reader editor
/e ?/ pay pain pace say save rain
/a ?/ why wide eye ice lie line
/??/ joy join boy point coin choice /??/ beer fear hear here real theatre /e ?/ air care dare bear there dairy
/ u ?/ tour touri
st poo
r sure during
/?u / low load hoe home hope know /au / now mouse loud mouth allow
辅音
/p/ park pig path lamp sleep cap
/b/ bed lab book bit best job
/ t/ tea tell meet hat spite waiter /d/ desk date dice and find red / k/ key kiss keep cake ink week /g/ gate game get egg ago leg /f/ fat fast feel first leaf wife
/v/ very vast verb believe have brave
/s/ see seek son snow bus less /z/ zoo zero zeal lays size eyes
/ θ/ think thank
thin
g cloth breath
/e/ this that then breathe with bathe
/?/ sheep share shave push crash
/?/ measure pleasure treasure occasion
/t ?/ chair cheap rich reach catch
/d ?/ jeep joke Jane large orange
/tr/ tree trip try train trade translate /dr/ dress dry drive drop dream draw
/ts/
treat
s streets waits gets meets
/dz/ words birds kinds aids leads
/ h/ head
hear
t how high hand
/ r/ rose rice read river rain pretty /m/ make much month member same
/n/ nice north name need soon
/?/ ink think thank angry thing sing
/ j/ yard yes yet year your yellow
/ w/ word would world wake window
/ ?/ let life lake bell silk fool
音节
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48 个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音 e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+ 辅音:sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2) 元音+辅音如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.
A mouse is in the cat ' s mouth.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea
1
元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
piece receive ceiling
2)
发音字母i y e
sit ture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3)[?]
发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4)[e]
字母组合ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any
5)[ε:]
字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6)[ε]
字母组合er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday
7)[a:] 字母组合ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last
glass plant aunt calm
8)[:]
发音字母u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood
9)[]
字母组合al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter
10)[]
发音字母o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11)[u:]
字母组合oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude
12)字母组合oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf
13)[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey
14)[ai] 发音字母i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
15)[au] 字母组合ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town
16)[ εu] 发音字母o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal
17)[] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice
18)[i ε] 字母组合eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea
19)[] 字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care
20)[u ε] 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R ：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
[A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3
辅音
1)pen pear play pig pour pull push
2)book big boot bike bread break
3)[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4)[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary