现在完成时态--练习资料
结构：助动词have/has + 过去分词
句型转换：否定句：
一般疑问句:
特殊疑问句：
一、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿)
Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has.
将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .
Now , I have a lot to read because ________________________________
2. I saw this film last week.
Now, I know this film because I_____________________.
3. I did my homework yesterday.
Now, I can give it to the teacher because I______________
二、通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚），already（已经(肯定句) ）, before（之前）, yet（一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还）never（从不）, ever (疑问句) twice（两次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用,
1 Tom has already finished his homework.
Tom hasn’t finished his homework yet.
2 I have just had my lunch.
She hasn’t seen you befor e.
3 Have you e ver eaten fish?
I have never eaten fish
三、体会时间状语：
①I have never heard of that before.
②Have you ever ridden a horse?
③She has already finished the work.
④Have you milked the cow yet?
Yes, I have done that already.
⑤I’ve just finished my homework.
⑥He has not come yet.
四、请先圈出时间状语，再用词的适当形式填空
1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. the train_______ (arrive) yet?
3.Tom ____ never_______ (be ) to China.
4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6.______ you ever _______(ride) a horse? Never.
7._____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we__________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
8._____ he ______(see) this film yet? No.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it tomorrow.
9. How many times _____you______(come) here?
Once.
五、翻译句子：
1 你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。
2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。
3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。
4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。
5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。
续到现在并可能还将持续下去。
A 动词使用延续性动词。
B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。
常与for或since引导的时间连用，so far, up to/till now到目前为止, in the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life某人的一生中, by now, these days目前，for two years、since 1984、since he came here
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
They have lived here since 1990.
What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?
一、注意：
(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
since two weeks ago=for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
(2)since + 时间点＝for＋时间段
since 2000=for 13 years
(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris
(4)It is /has been +一段时间+ since 从句.
自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
二、用for 或since填空。
1. Jill has been in Ireland________Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland__________three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_____7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country________1974.
6. The bus is late. We've been waiting________20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.
8. Mike has been ill________a long time. He has been in hospital ________October
9. It’s ten years ______ we met each other last time.
10. He has taught English _______ 25 years.
11. The Greens have lived on the farm ______ 1990.
12. They have been practicing the guitar _______ two hours.
13.－How long have you been a reporter? －_____ 8 years ago.
14. I haven’t gone for a walk in the park ________ a long time.
15. He’s been collecting stamps _______ he was in primary school.
16. Peter has been to summer camp ________ 3 times.
延续性动词与现在完成时
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。
他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .
——He has been in the Party for five years.
——He has been a Party member for five years.
——It is five years since he joined the Party
电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.
——The film has been on for five minutes.
——It is five minutes since the film began
一、三类型：
第一类：动词→ be + adj. : Die，finish ，open/close，fall ill/asleep，marry sb/get married to 第二类：动词→ be + 介词.: start/begin，leave，Join，
第三类：动词→另一个动词: Buy，Borrow，get/begin to延续性v，.Become，put on，
二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换
“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束
三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
①arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp
→be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4)They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
②come to / go back to / return to→be back to go out →be out
He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We returned to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.
③become →be
I became a teacher in 2000. I __________ a teacher for___________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river ____ ___ dirty for ____ _____.
④close →be closed open →be open
The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _____ ____ for ________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _____ ____ ____ for six hours.
⑤get up →be up; die →be dead; leave sp. →be away from sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep →be asleep ; finish / end →be over ;marry →be married;
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start / begin to do sth. →do sth. ; begin →be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow →keep; lose →not have ;buy →have ;put on →wear
catch / get a cold →have a cold; get to know →know
1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.
3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.
⑧have / has gone to →have been in
He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league / the Party / the army
→be a league member /a Party member / a soldier
→be a member of the league / the Party
→be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ______ a _____ for two years.
He _____ a ____ the ________ for two years.
He _____ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother _________ a ________ for _______ ___________.
My brother _____ in _______ for two years.
注意：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：
----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了
用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空
— Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？
— No，I .
— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu，
she will come back next week.
— Ok，thanks.
—You’re welcome.
现在完成时强调现在的情况，而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。
（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Mary _______(lose) her pen. ______ you ______ (see) it here and there?
2. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet?
3. ---Are you thirsty? ---NO, I ______ just _______ (have) some orange.
4. We ________already ______ (return) the book.
5. ______ they _____ (build) a new school in the village?
6. ---Has Tom taught you English?
---Yes, he ______ (teach) us English for two years.
7. I ______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?
8. What ______ they _____ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.
9. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it? Do you know?
--- Sorry, I don’t know.
10. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
11. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year.
12. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month.
13. How long ______ you ______(know) him?
14. Mike ______ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.
15. I _____(give) my friend a nice book recently.
16. Li Ping and Wu Dong ______(see) the old man three times.
17. _____ she ever _____(teach) you English?
18. These children _____ (stay) in the park for two hours.
一、完成句子
1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？B:自从我上中学以来。
A：How long ______ you _______ __________ shells?
B：________ I _________ to middle school.
2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。
I ______ _______ _______ _______ 5 hours.
3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不,去年我参加过。
A: Was this your ________ _________ _____________?
B: No，I ___________ in a ______________ last year.
4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？B: 3年前。
A: When did you ______ your first _____ ______ _______?
B: Three years ago.
5. A:他游泳有多长时间了？B: 他已游了半小时了。
A: How long _______ he ________ ______________ ?
B: He ______ _______ _______ _______ half an hour.
6. 你上网多久了?
7. 我上网三小时了。
8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？
9. 我五年前开始集邮的。
10. 他收集贝壳十年了。
6. 你上网多久了?
7. 我上网三小时了。
8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？
9. 我五年前开始集邮的。
10. 他收集贝壳十年了。
动词的过去分词
一、规则变化
在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：
①原形+ed 如：worked, passed
②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived
③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.
如： stopped dropped
二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词
巧记规律
AAA: put–put –put let—let –let
ABA: become—became—become
ABB: stand—stood—stood
ABC: eat—ate—eaten
现在完成时练习
[Exercises7]A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
John _______ England since he came back.
How long _____ have _____ this village?
The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
I _____ this school since three years ago.
C）选择填空
( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he?
(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't
( )2.She's never been to England, _______she?
(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is
( )2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.
(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often
( )3.How long ___he______ the library book .
(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy
( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( )5.Mr smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( )6.They_________China for two years
(A)have been to (B)have been in
(c)have gone to (D)have come to
[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be a sleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth.begin → be on
I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/th e Party/the army
He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years. C）选择填空
( )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years (A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died
( )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years
(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend
( )4.He _____his home for ten years
(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from ( )5.He _____a league member for three years
(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become
( )6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years
(A)joined the army (B)been an army
(C)become a soldier (D)been in the army
( )7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
[Exercises 11] 选择填空
( )1. ——Have you finished your homework
——Yes, I _______it last night
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished
( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.
(A)Have…gone,have gone (B)Have…been , went (C)Did…go,went (D)Did…go, has , been ( )3.——When _____you _____Lucy in New York?
——I _________here for two years
(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen (C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen ( )4.when_ you to Beijing?
( )3.He ______finished his homework. yet
(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C) hasn’t(D) doesn’t have ( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train.
——Yes, I have.
(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet ( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________ .
(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just
( )3. We haven't finished our homework . (A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )4.——Have you__________ learned English? ——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever
( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________?
——Yes, I've _____done that
(A)yet, already (B)already, yet
(C)ever, never (D)still, just
( )6.John's father _______borrowed some pictures (A)have already (B)has just
(C)have ever (D)has yet
[Exercises4] A）用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
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B）用since和for填空
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
( )1.I've been like this ever since _________
(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week
( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.
(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since
( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.
(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before
( )4.His father joined the party_________
(A)for three years (B)since three years ago
(C)three years ago (D)in two years' time
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1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. has been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times.
A. went
B. go
C. have been
D. have gone
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.
A. have been to
B. have been in
C. have been
D. have gone
5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.
A. did; buy
B. have; get
C. have; had
D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.
A. has been
B. has been in
C. has been to
D. has gone to
7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to
China?
A. How soon , comes
B. How often, got
C. How long , came
D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
现在完成时与中考题
选择填空。
1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）
A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
2．—Where have you _______ these days？—I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）
A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone
3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市）A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent 4．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市）A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went 5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you
6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省）A．when B．since C．before D．after
7．—I have watched the game．—When you _______ it？（长沙市）
A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch
8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？—Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited
9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）
A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel
10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living
11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone
12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）
A．after B．before C．since D．for
13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西）A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省）A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in
15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years．She'll return next year．（合肥市）
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)
现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句： 例：1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。（我在北京住过。） 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式，表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过，至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时，表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京，现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have （has）+过去分词”，表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型：
We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法（过去分词的构成详见第六章）：1.构成现在（过去）完成时 have（has）+过去分词～ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态：参见第十三章 be + 过去分词～ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have（has）+not +过去分词～. I have not seen the movie yet.
初二英语英语现在完成时知识点总结含答案解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—— ______you _____ out the problem, Sam? ——Not yet, but I'm going to. A. Did, work B. Are, working C. Have, worked D. Will , work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：萨姆，你计算出这道数学题了吗？——还没有，但是快了。结合语境可知上文描述的是现在已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．Mr．Fan in 2005．In other words，he for 9 years till now． A. got married；has been married B. married；had been married C. got married；had been married D. married；got married 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】首先第一空表述的是一个发生在2005年（即过去）的一个动作，所以为一般过去时，其次 married 后面要接宾语，get married 表示的是短暂性动作，所以应填get married. 第二空由“till now”可知表示的是从过去直到现在的一种状态即为现在完成时，此处married做形容词“已婚的”故填“has been married”,故选A. 【点评】此题考查了动词时态问题，同时也考查了“get married”和“married ”的区别。 4．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______.
初中英语分类练习——英语现在完成时及解析推荐精选 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。她将下周回来。主语是she，所以用has，排除C、D。A.已经去了某地，在去的路上，还没有回来；B.已经去过某地，表示去了某地，并且回来了。根据She'll be back next week.她下周回来可知现在还没有回来，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．It has been three years since I ______ a teacher. A. become B. became C. becoming D. to become 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】题意：现在完成时里，since从句里动词应用一般过去时。故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时和表示一段时间的时间状语的连用用法，理解题意，即可得出答案。 4．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to
初中英语现在完成时专题训练答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He has studied in our school __________. A. since five years B. for five years C. for five years ago D. in five years 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他已经在我们学校学习五年了。has studied是现在完成时，和for+段时间连用，since+过去时间和现在完成时连用，in+段时间和一般将来时连用，故选B。 【点评】考查时间状语。根据句意选出正确的时间状语。 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 5．—They say there is a new restaurant near here.
现在完成时的构成 一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分 别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 三）一般疑问式 助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：
（英语）高中英语现在完成时解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．Never _____met such a person before. A．did I B．I have C．have I D．Am I 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查倒装句及时态。句意：我以前从未见过这样的人。根据句意可知，此处强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时。never位于句首时，句子要求使用部分倒装，助动词提前。故C 选项正确。 2．---The prices of vegetables ar e going up madly. It’s really too much for us. ---But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas _____ constant low temperature, things would not be like this. A．meet with B．have met with C．met with D．had met with 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。句意：--蔬菜的价格疯狂上涨。对于我们来说太贵了。--要不是很多生产蔬菜的地区遭遇了不断地低温袭击，事情不会是现在这个样子。从句意看，生产蔬菜地区遭遇不断地低温，对现在造成很大影响，因此用现在完成时，强调对于现在的影响，故B正确。 考点：考查时态 3．With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ________ in China’s major cities the se years. A．have sprung up B．sprang up C．had sprung up D．spring up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：这些年，随着人们对健身的重视，面积约5平方米的自助迷你健身房如雨后春笋般在中国各大城市兴起。根据these years“这些年”，可知句子用现在完成时态，故答案为A。 4．In the last few years, China ________ great achievements in environmental protection. A．was making B．made C．had made D．has made
【英语】初中英语现在完成时专题训练答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。 2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—you your homework yet ? —Yes . I it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、His father the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ? —Sure .We friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began 15、It ten years since he left the army .
英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）
2015-12-6 现在完成时 一、定义：1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或 完成的动作。2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。 二、基本句型结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p. p)，其中包括： ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他). ②否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语. ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他) ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词（5个W和1个H）+ 一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他). 三、用法：1、表示影响或结果 该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个动作对现在仍有影响或结果，同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果，如汉语说"他已离开这个城市了"，其中的"离开"肯定发生了，它对现在的影响或结果就是"他现在已不在这个城市了";又如汉语说"有人把窗户打破了"，显然"打破窗户"这一动作发生在过去，并且在过去已经完成了，但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响--窗户现在仍是破的。如: He has been away from the city.他已离开这个城市。(结果:他不在这个城市。) Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着。) I have lost my pen.我把钢笔丢了。(结果:我现在无钢笔用。) He has finished his work.他把工作做完了。(结果:他可以做其他的事了。) 即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。如: How often have you seen your old friend again? 你隔多长时间见她一次? 2、表示持续 该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说"他在我们学校教书
【初中英语】现在完成时知识点总结 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The small shop ________ for several years. A. opened B. has been opened C. has opened D. has been open 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】open是非延续性动词，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用必须转化为延续性动词be open.根据句意，本句应用现在完成时态，故选D。 【点评】考查open转化为be open, be open里的open是形容词，不能加ed.. 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
I. 一般过去时 一般过去时：在过去发生的动作，现在已经结束。 基本用法： 1.过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去时间的时间状语：last+时间、时间+ago、yesterday、just now、the other day、once upon a time、at that time、then 2. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，可与频度副词always、usually、often等连用。 表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用动词过去式外，还可以用used to do sth、would do sth 3.表示说话人始料未及的事情 I didn’t know it was you. I never thought you would bring me a gift. 4.宾语从句时态：主现从、主过从 5.表示已去世者的情况或过去的历史。 II. 现在完成时 一．基本结构： 助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago
（完整版word）初二年级英语英语现在完成时知识点含答案解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。她将下周回来。主语是she，所以用has，排除C、D。A.已经去了某地，在去的路上，还没有回来；B.已经去过某地，表示去了某地，并且回来了。根据She'll be back next week.她下周回来可知现在还没有回来，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______. A. has happens to; has happened B. happened; happened C. happened; has happened D. happened to; has happened 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：---刚才你发生了什么事？---别担心，没什么事发生。固定句式What happened to……发生了什么？第二空是回答之前并没有发生任何事情，所以不必担心，用现在完成时，has happened，故答案为D。 【点评】考查动词时态，一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作；现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 4．—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. —No, it can't be her. She ______ to Beijing.
现在完成时 一．含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 二．结构： 助动词have/ has + 过去分词done ★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done 否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done 一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词done 简略答语：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t. ★过去分词： 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成 规则相同。四点变化规则： (1). 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”: work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”: live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”: study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再 加“ ed ”: stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2. 不规则动词 三．用法 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大 标志词: ①already, just和yet： He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。
（英语）50套高中英语现在完成时及解析 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．My father ____his little store rapidly into a big department store in the past ten years. A．has developed B．developed C．is developing D．develops 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去10年里，我的父亲把他的小店发展成了一个大型的购物商店。本句时间状语in the past ten yeas通常要和现在完成时连用，故A项正确。 2．By now 516 Confucius Institutes ______in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters. A．founded B．would found C．have been founded D．had been founded 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意：根据孔子学院总部的统计，到现在为止，全世界142个国家和地区已经建立了516个孔子学院。主语516 Confucius Institutes和found之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且by now做时间状语，谓语动词应用现在完成时态。综上，该空应填have been founded。C选项正确。 3．Commercial and recreational fishing _______ population sizes and also made individuals smaller, since big fish _______ and smaller ones thrown back. A．decreased; kept B．had decreased; are kept C．has decreased; keep D．has decreased; are kept 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：商业和休闲捕鱼减少了种群规模，也使个体变小，因为大鱼被保留下来，小鱼被扔回大海。结合句意第一空是强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态；第二空是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语big fish与keep是被动关系，故答案为D。 4．The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years ,____the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world. A．change B．changes C．has changed D．have changed 【答案】C 【解析】
八年级英语现在完成时：一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式 主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它 说明：这里的have /has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have /has后面加not 就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例： 1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。
3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它? 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No，主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.”等。实例： 1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? —Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。 2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? —No，never.不，从来没有。 3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? —Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。 注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly(几乎不)，never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗? 八年级英语现在完成时：二、现在完成时的用法