高中英语语法专题复习讲义
一、名词
【知识点】
一、可数名词的复数构成规则:
1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;
(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes
(2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word ―letter‖.
2.不规则变化:
(1)men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;
(2)单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);
(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器);
(4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law
(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:(Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans,humans)
二、不可数名词
1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle
2.不可数名词具体化：These games are great successes; The party was a great success.
三、名词的所有格：
1.表示有生命的名词后加’s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(两人共有的房间); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;
(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)
2.表示―某人家里‖―某店铺‖等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);
3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +…..’s / 名词性物主代词（表示―部分‖的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；
比较：
a friend of her mother’s她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双重所有格）
a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of所有格）
a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人)
a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）
四、名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的材质及用途；
(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors;
(2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：
a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师
a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表
五、英语中”很多”的表达:
只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of
只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of)
既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of
【练习】
1. No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.
A. standard
B. level
C. message
D. promise
2. -----What do you think of his composition?
------Much better, but there’s still some ______for improvement.
A. space
B. room
C. area
D. place
3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.
A. bills
B. charges
C. costs
D. prices
4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still.
A. sight
B. look
C. view
D. scene
5. No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years.
A. problem
B. way
C. wonder
D. matter
6. -----How is it that you lost your way?
------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.
A. way
B. direction
C. distance
D. path
7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________, so I gave him ________.
A. change; ten pennies; ten pence
B. changes; ten pennies; ten pence
C. change; ten pence; ten pennies
D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies
8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?
A. which Zhang Yimou’s film
B. which film of Zhang Yimou
C. which film of Zhang Yimou’s
D. zhang Yimou’s which film
9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.
A. tea cup; glass
B. cup of tea; glass
C. tea’s cup; glasses
D. tea cup; glasses
10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.
A. fruit; lots of vegetables
B. fruits; a number of vegetables
C. fruit; a great many of the vegetables
D. fruits; a great amount of vegetables
11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______every now and then.
A. journeys
B. trips
C. travels
D. voyages
12. I listened to his lecture about biology, but I missed the key ______.
A. messages
B. sense
C. notes
D. points
13. He is always full of ______as though he never knew tiredness.
A. strength
B. force
C. power
D. energy
14. There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.
A. increase
B. improvement
C. result
D. effect
15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just turned it off.
A. mistake
B. fault
C. duty
D. error
16. ------What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?
------500 yuan.
------Oh, it’s really too expensive.
-------But it’s comfortable, so I think it’s good _______ for money.
A. cost; value
B. price; value
C. price; cost
D. cost; price
17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口译员)at the conference on TV?
A. performance
B. achievement
C. material
D. words
18. She is not in good _______for such heavy work.
A. state
B. condition
C. position
D. situation
19. It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. manners
B. action
C. movement
D. manner
20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his has had a lot of _______ in the past few years.
A. agreements
B. sales
C. deals
D. bargains
主谓一致
【知识点】
英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1：either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody 做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neither of the two sentences is correct.
Everything around us is matter.
(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。)
None of them owns/own a car .
Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.
All are here. And all that can be done has been done.
2：表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。
Five minutes is enough.
Four hundred francs is a lot of money.
3：each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary.
No sound and no voice is heard for a long time.
4：从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。
To say something is one thing, to do it is another .（to say something, to do 是不定式）
―How do you do?‖ is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do?是句子，作主语）
(注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)
What we need is more time, while what they need are more doctors and medicines.
5：one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。
One and half bananas is left on the table.
6：用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。
The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month.
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.
7 ：有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。
The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city.
8：名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
9：people , public , police , cattle 做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。
The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.
考点10：表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。
Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.
但有a pair of 连接时，谓语动词使用单数。
A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.
11: 不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.
12: 在or , either ---or --- , neither--- nor --- ,not only --- but also --- , not --- but --- , there be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。
Either the teacher or the students are to blame.
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
考点13 : 下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致: as well as ; rather than ; like ; except ; besides ; with ; along with ; including ; such --- as--- ;
No one but Jack and Mary knows about it.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
考点14：some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。
A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted.
More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
Ten percent of the apples are bad.
The rest of the story needs no telling.
He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play.
15：由a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type, sort 等构成的类似的短语做主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词取得一致。
This kind of apple sells well in China.
Apples of this kind are highly priced.
16：more than 开头的句子，看其后面的名词。
More than one answer is written on the blackboard.
More than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle.
17: 定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致，但one of +复数名词+who/ that 引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语，有为单数，无为复数。
This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.
She is the only one of those women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(编织) .
18: population; company ; class . team ; family ; group ; nation ; world ; government等词做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词使用单数；如果强调组成成员，谓语动词使用复数。
Our family has a reunion every year.
His family are waiting for him.
19 ：the +形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;若指单数，则用单数谓语动词。
The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it.
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
真实应与假相区别。(the true / the false表单数概念)
20：a number of + 复数名词结构应用复数动词。the number of + 复数名词结构应用单数动词。如：
A number of people were killed and injured in the explosion.
The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海啸) has grown to 160,000.
注：“many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
【练习】
1.——Have you heard that Tian Liang, along with his parents, _______ to Canada?
——Really? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. have been
D. have gone
2. Over three-quarter of the city _______ destroyed in the Iraq War.
A.is
B. are
C. were
D. was
3. This kind of stories ________ instructive while stories of that kind ________ harmful to children.
A.is ; seems
B. are ; seem
C. is ; seem
D. are ; seems
4. Everybody in our hometown, men and women, young and old, ________ sports and games.
A.are fond of
B. joins
C. enjoys
D. go in for
5. The Whites’ family, which _______ rather a large one , ________ very fond of their house .
A.were ; were
B. was ; were
C. were; was
D. was ; was
6. Not his son but his two daughters ________ to Canada, never to be seen again.
A. has gone
B. have gone
C. has been
D. have been
7. When the injured _______ to the hospital, they came to ________.
A.was rushed ; life
B. were rushed ; life
C. rushed ; lives
D. were rushed ; lives
8. Despite much research , there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood .
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
9. _________ visitors to Hong Kong were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the people were.
A.The number of
B. A numbers of
C. Numbers of
D. Any numbers of
10. Though small , the ant is as much as a creature as _________ all other animals on earth .
A.are
B. is
C. do
D. have
11. Between the two rows of trees _______ the teaching building .
A. have
B. has
C. stands
D. are
12. Every possible means _________ tried but without much result .
A.have been
B. had
C. has
D. has been
13. The rest of the story ________ no telling . Half of the students _______ no interest in it .
A.need ; has
B. needs ; have
C. needs ; has
D. need ; have
14. John and Mary, ___ sure to come to our party this evening.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. to be
15. This is the only one of the books on the subject ________ ever been written in English .
A.that has
B. which have
C. that have
D. which is
16. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ____ to visit the museum____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.
A.are, are
B. is , is
C. are, is
D. is , are
17. A great many people_______ present at the meeting . But many a man ________ late for the meeting because of the traffic jam .
A. are; are
B. is; is
C. were ; was
D. was ; are
18. He is the only one of the children who often ________ ill of others behind their backs .
A.have spoken
B. were speaking
C. speaks
D. speak
19. It’s I who ________ the Christmas gift to you .
A. has sent
B. have sent
C. is going to fetch
D. are going to fetch
20. What were your problems a year ago _______ mine now .
A. has become
B. have become
C. becomes
D. became
二、介词
【知识点】
一、基本知识：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for 等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。
（一）介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
（二）主要介词之间的区别
1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from 表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示―在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示―在（一段时间）之后‖，而after则表示―在（某一具体时间点之后）‖，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿过……”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如：Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner 表示―在角上‖，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指―在拐角处‖，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作―最后‖、―终于‖解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示―在……末梢‖，―到……尽头‖，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作―在……结束时‖，―到……末为止‖解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有―关于‖的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的―论述‖。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and b arley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指―除了……还有，再加上‖。如：All went out besides me.；except指―除了，减去什么‖，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示―除了……外‖经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示―如无……就，只是‖表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except
for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的―用‖，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的―用‖，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示―由谁负责、照顾、管理‖。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作―作为‖、―以……地位或身份‖解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作―象……一样‖解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是―在……前面‖的意思（不在某物内）；in the front of则是―在……前部‖的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
二、复习时要把握三点：
（一）要注意理解情景意义：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同。
He hasn’t come for a month .(for 持续时间)
The day is warm for April .（for 就……而言）
（二）要突破几个关键介词in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for .
1 . 表示时间的：at; in ; on , since , from , to , after , within , during , throughout , towards , over , by , till ;
2 . 表示穿越的:through , across , over
3．表示地理位置的：in ; on; to ;
4．表示原因、目的的：for ;with ; from ;
5. 表示关于的:about , concerning , regarding , with regard to , as for ,as to ;
6. 表示根据：on ; according to ;
7. in the corner ;on the corner , at the corner 的区别
8．between 和among
9．besides ;except ; but ;except for
10．in 和with
（三）要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。
1. 固定与to 构成搭配的名词：key , answer , visit , apology , introduction ,note , etc.
2. 与on 有关的：mercy , congratulations
3. 与at有关的：angry , good , bad , clever , terrified , surprised ;
4. 与of 有关的：afraid , sure , full , tired , fond , proud , worthy , certain ;
5. 与with 有关的：angry , strict , careful , busy , poplar ;
6. 与to 有关的：next, good , polite , kind , cruel , rude , known , anxious , married , close , near , similar, due ;
7. 与for 有关的：sorry , good , free , fit , unfit , eager, anxious , hungry ;
8. 与from 有关的：far , different , free, safe , absent , tired .
【练习一】
1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with
2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.
A. from, of
B. of, from
C. of. of
D. from, from
3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office.
A. on, on
B. at, at
C. on. at
D. at. on
4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.
A. with, with
B.in,in
C. in, with
D. with, in
5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-
mother died ____ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of
6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of
7. This is a common mistake ____ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about
8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.
A.for
B.to
C.at
D.as
9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over
10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.
A. after, on
B. after, with
C. behind, in
D. behind, at
11. Nobody knows it ____ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but
12. The window is never opened ____ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
13. It happened ____ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for
14. We go to school ____ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.of
15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.
A.for.for
B.of,of
C.of,for
D.for,of
16. Fresh air is good ____ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to
17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.
A.for,on
B.on,for
C.for,for
D.on.on
18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.
A.of,of
B.for,for
C.of,for
D.for,of
19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on
20. He will come ____ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later
21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.
A. in
B. before
C. later
D. after
22. He will return____ three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at
23. He wrote the article ____ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by
24.I agree ____ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at
25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to
26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at
27. Do you often hear____ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about
28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it.
A. out
B.from
C.of
D.with
29. The plane flew ____ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over
30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.
A. across
B. through
C.by
D.past
31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
A. across
B. through
C.by
D.past
32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.
A. across
B. through
C. past
D.over
33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.
A. For
B.With
C. Under
D. Without
34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.
A.with
B.for
C.on
D.of
35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.
A. for
B.in
C.on
D.of
36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.
A. on
B.in
C. during
D.by
37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.
A. but
B. except
C. except for
D. without
38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.
A.at,with
B.at,for
C.with,for
D.with,about
39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.
A. by
B. about
C. at
D. on
40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.
A.at;in
B.on;at
C.in;on
D.by;from
41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.
A.at;on
B.td;at
C.on;in
D.of;to
42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.
A. since
B. unless
C. because
D. without
43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.
A. down; and; on
B. against; while; on
C.for;with;in
D. with; while; to
44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.
A.at;on
B.with;at
C.for;in
D.by;for
45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.
A.at;at
B.in;in
C.into;of
D.during;at
46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.
A. in; on
B.on;on
C.by;in
D.by; with
47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.
A. in; in
B.in; with
C. with; by
D. with; with
48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.
A. in; in
B. at; in
C. in; by
D. from; in
49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at
B.of;in
C.of;on
D. for; during
50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?
A. except
B. but
C. besides
D. beside
51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.
A. when; at
B. because; in
C. if; for
D. though; at
52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.
A. After
B.In
C.From
D.Since
53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?
A. to have found
B. with finding
C. to find
D. in finding
54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.
A.about
B.with
C.for
D.of
55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.
A. to be polluted
B. from polluting
C. from being polluted
D. polluting
56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?
A. The teacher as well as
B. Nobody but
C. The teacher besides
D. All except
57. Henry,____ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?
A. together with
B. like
C. and not
D. but in addition to
58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.
A. in
B.at
C.to
D.on
59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A.since
B.in
C.on
D.after
60. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at
B.on
C.for
D.of
61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".
A. of
B.as
C.to
D.from
62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.
A. at; until
B. for; after
C.at;by
D. before; around
63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.
A. through; to; on
B. along ;of; on
C. down; to; at
D. up; of; by
64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.
A. within
B. among
C. in
D. from
65. Because of her devotion _____ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.
A. in
B. to
C. with
D. on
66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color?
A. in
B. /
C. with
D. of
67. Some people say that we live _____ the age of computers.
A. in
B. at
C. with
D. for
68. ---May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? ---Welcome _____ open arms.
A. with
B. by
C. in
D. for
69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.
A. In spite of
B. Except for
C. Though
D. Until
70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year.
A. at
B. by
C. for
D. till
71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40p.m.at the latest.
A. until
B. after
C. by
D. around ('97NMET 11)
72. The boy ought to have gone to school ___, but he slept ___noon.
A. in the morning, at
B. that morning, at
C. in that morning, until
D. that morning, until ('93 上海)
73. The doctor will be free ____.
A. 10 minutes later
B. after ten minutes
C. in ten minutes
D. 10 minutes after('92MET. 20)
74. _____most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.
A. Like
B. As
C. For
D. To ('98上海高考题2)
75. Let's walk over ___the shop on the other side of the street.
A. in
B. to
C. under
D. by ('93上海)
76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ____20 percent.
A . by B. at C. to D. with ('99 上海高考)
77. ____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. . As
B. For
C. With
D. Through (2000NMET. 18)
78. Does John know any other foreign language ___French?
A. except
B. but
C. besides
D. beside ('89MET. 13)
79. I know nothing about the young lady ___she is from Beijing.
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D. besides (2000 上海高考13)
80. ---You are so lucky. ---What do you mean ____that? (2002年春招)
A. for
B. in
C. of
D. by
【练习二】
1.---What do you want _______ those old boxes ?
--- To put things in when I move to the new flat .
A. by
B. for
C. of
D. with
2.Luckily , the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch .
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. from
3.The train leaves at 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _______ 5:30 pm.
A. until
B. after
C. by
D. around
4.The little boy was quite alone in the world ________ an aunt in the United States .
A. except for
B. except
C. besides
D. except that
5.________ his great surprise , his shop was robbed ________ computers .
A. To ; of
B. For ; of
C. From ; with
D. To ; with
6.We offered him our congratulations _________ his passing the driving test .
A. at
B. for
C. of
D. on
7. Einstein’s special theory of relativity is quite _______ me .
A. for
B. beyond
C. to
D. against
8. How much did you pay ________ the tickets ________ tonight’s New Year Concert ?
A. for; for
B. for ; to
C. for ; of
D. to ; for
9. He has been caught ________ the rain and is wet ________ skin .
A. by ; to
B. in ; to
C. in ; through
D. with ; in
10. ---How long have you been like this ?
---_______ last Friday .
A. From
B. Since
C. In
D. After
11. Besides being able to walk on for three days without drinking , camels can also live for a long time ________ small quantities of food .
A. with
B. on
C. by
D. without
12. I’m sorry it’s ________ my power to make a final decision on the project .
A. over
B. above
C. off
D. beyond
13. ---Did you lose the match ?
---Yes , we lost the match _______ one goal .
A. by
B. at
C. with
D. only
14. The study you have been making ________ the living things in the ocean is an instructive job .
A. to
B. for
C. of
D. from
15. I felt it rather difficult to take a stand ________ the opinion of the majority .
A. to
B. by
C. in
D. against
16. ---Your daughter is tall enough ________ her age.
---Yes. I was much ________ when I was her age.
A. for ; taller
B. at ; taller
C. at ; shorter
D. for ; shorter
17.---When will the game begin ?
---It will begin later than usual _______ ten minutes .
A. in
B. on
C. by
D. at
18.---Is your grandma still with you ?
--- No . She still prefers to live in the countryside _________ all its disadvantages .
A. for
B. except
C. with
D. to
19.Let’s keep in touch . You can reach me ________ this number .
A. at
B. on
C. from
D. in
20.---Miss Li , Jack is ill , so he can’t come to scho ol .
---Then we’ll begin our class _________ him .
A. except for
B. apart from
C. except
D. without
21.---It’s so noisy upstairs .Peter , better go and see what they have been up ________.
---OK .
A. to
B. in
C. with
D. for
22.---What’s your favorite sport?
---Jogging . I run _________ the river every morning .
A. around
B. on
C. along
D. in
23._________ running , learning English needs will .
A. As with
B. As to
C. As for
D. As if
24.________ left before the deadline , it doesn’t seem likely that he will finish the job .
A. Though such a short time
B. Because such a short time
C. With such a short time
D. As such a short time
25.He reminded me _______ the time _______ the meeting .
A. at ; at B . of; of C. in ; in D. at ; in
26.The sun will rise ________ about a quarter of an hour .
A. on
B. in
C. after
D. at
27.Liu Xiang’s parents were overjoyed and burst ______ tears _______ the news of their son’s victory in the Olympic Games .
A. into ; at
B. out ; for
C. forth ; on
D. to ; after
28.Hellen used to be a shy girl , but she has grown _______ it now.
A. without
B. over
C. away
D. out of
29.This is the Audi car __________ she came here .
A. by which
B. by that
C. in which
D. with which
30. My house is ________ a stone’s throw from school , so I often go to school _______ foot .
A. within ; on
B. to ; by
C. on ; on
D. of ; with
31. We went on a picnic ________ the heavy rain .
A. although
B. in spite of
C. because of
D. for
32. ---Can I borrow some money from you ?
--- You’re already in debt _________ me for sixty dollars .
A. to
B. for
C. from
D. by
33.His best -known work that is ________ all praise can be seen in the museum .
A. without
B. beyond
C. with
D. within
34.He likes his coffee with sugar ; I like mine ________.
A. not
B. of no
C. none
D. without
35. Without a thorough grasp ________biology , a student cannot hope to study medicine .
A. in
B. for
C. of
D. with
36.We decided to climb the mountain , but _______ second thought realized that it was too dangerous .
A. after
B. on
C. in
D. at
37._________ success I don’t mean what is usual ly thought of when that word is used .
A. In
B. By
C. With
D. For
38.Mr. Smith apologized _________ the children ________ the lady ________ what they had done .
A. for ; to ; to
B. for ; to ; for
C. to ; to ; for
D. to ; for ; for
39.We live _______ a small river that flows ________ the Thames .
A. in ; into
B. on ; into
C. at ; onto
D. in; onto
40.________ curiosity , I went to the customer service counter and asked why .
A.Beyond
B. Besides
C. Apart from
D. Out of
41. Mr. Johnson goes to work very early in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _________ a break at midday .
A. with
B. for
C. as
D. through
42.The manned spacecraft ―Shenhou V‖,________ China greets the 21st century , marks new progress in the century’s space program.
A.for which
B. from which
C. in which
D. with which
43. He might have been killed ________ the arrival of the police .
A.except for
B. apart from
C. but for
D. in spite of
44. Isn’t _________ rude ______ him to talk to his mother like that ?
A. that ; for
B. that ; of
C. it ; for
D. it ; of
45.Theory is based on practice and ______ turn serves practice .
A. on
B. in
C. by
D. at
三、代词
【知识点】
一、重要知识点：
1、在定语从句中，当先行词是代词he / she / those / anyone等时，从句的引导词指人时用
who, 指物时用that。
e.g. Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
Anything that benefits the people will be accepted.
2、all ( both, every, each)…… not = not all ( both, every, each) 构成部分否定，他们的全部否定分别是：none,
neither, no one ( nothing)
e.g. Not all the students could understand his explanation.
Each child can not go to school in the mountain village.
3、含有else的所有格有以下几种表示法：somebody else’s, anybody else’s, nobody else’s ; who else’s = whose
else
4、不定代词作主语，代词可用：it（指物）、he（指人）、they（指人、物）
e.g. Everyone knows how to do it, doesn’t he/ don’t they?
5．all 作主语时的数：代替可数名词，是复数；代替不可数名词，是单数；作―所…的一切‖解释时，不可数，动词用单数。
6. 反身代词：by oneself: 亲自、独自、自动地；of oneself: 自动地；be oneself: 身体好help oneself (to…):
自助、自己拿……；in itself: 本质上、就其本身而言。
e.g. The man is too old to live by himsel
f. / The door closed of itself.
I’m not quite myself today. / The question in itself i s not very difficult.
7. 用人称代词简略回答时，要用人称代词的宾格。
e.g. ---- Who is knocking at the door? ---- Me, Tom.
Me to play Pingpong with him?
8. The rest、The remainder作主语时，谓语动词取决于它们所替代的名词。
e.g. I have read half of the book. The rest is to be finished in a week.
Several people were saved, but the remainder were still inside the burning house.
二、区别以下几组词：
1、none, nothing, no one(nobody)
none：（指三个以上之中）没有任何（人、物），常用来否定回答以How many/ How much…?
引起的疑问句。可以后接介词短语of…；作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可以用复数。
e.g. ---- How many sheep did you see on the hill? ---- None.
---- Please give me some ink. ---- Sorry, there is none(no ink) left.
None of the students could answer the question, which made the teacher disappointed nothing：（视为单数）没什么，无事
e.g. After the fire, nothing was left on the hills.
Nothing did he say and he went home silently.
no one= nobody：没有一个人，只能指人，是单数，常用来否定回答Who…?的疑问句，后面不可接of介词短语。
e.g. ---- Who broke the window? ---- No one. It broke of itsel
f.
2、it / they，one / ones，the one / the ones ，that / those
it / they：用来指前面所提及的名词本身，起替代作用，避免重复；
e.g. He bought a pen. It cost him 50 yuan. / He has two brothers. They are both workers.
one / ones：用来指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个，是泛指; 还可以泛指人。
e.g. ---- Do you have a camera? ---- No, but my father has one.
A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood.
One can not be too careful when crossing the road.
the one / the ones：用来特指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个。
e.g. ---- I’m looking for a pen. ---- How do you like the one in the box?
---- Who are the boys? ---- You mean the ones playing basketball?
that / those：―that‖ 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词单数= the one或不可数名词，以避免重复；―those‖
用来替代前面出现过的可数名词复数= the ones，以避免重复。
e.g. The price of a pen is often higher than that of a pencil.
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
The students in Class Two are more hard-working than those(the ones) in Class One.
3、some / any, everybody / anybody
习惯上，some和everybody用于肯定句，any和anybody用于疑问、否定句。
但当some用于疑问句时，表示对所涉及的名词持肯定态度，everybody用于疑问句时，译为―大家、每个人‖。e.g. Is everybody pleased with the show?
试比较：Do you have any water? (对water持怀疑态度)
---- Do you like some more water? ---- No, thanks. (对water持肯定态度)
any和anybody也可以用于肯定句。当它们用于肯定句时，有很强的强调口气。
e.g. ---- When shall we meet again? ---- Any time you like.
Anybody here knows how to treat a stranger.
4、who / whoever , what / whatever , which / whichever, whom / whomever
who / what / which/ whom是疑问词，引起的句子具有疑问色彩；whoever / whatever / whichever /whomever 是代词，并不引起疑问句，而用来引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。
e.g. Who will teach us English is still unknown.
Whoever did it will be punished. / Whoever did it, he will be punished.
What would you do if you had that sum of money? / Whatever you do, do it well.
5、other / others; the other / the others ; another
other：作代词时，一般不单独使用，而必须与any, some, no 等连用。
e.g. He is no other but Tom. / These are all we have, we have no other(s).
others：常与some连用，表示：一些……其它的……。
e.g. Some people like fishing, some like boating, others skating.
the other: 与one连用，构成词组：one…the other：指两者中―一个……另一个……‖
the others: 指在一定范围中的―其余的‖。
e.g. In our class some students are good at maths, some are good at Chinese, the others are good at
physics.
another: 是形容词，―另一个、再一个‖，一般作定语，既可以修饰单数名词，又可以修饰复数名词，还可以修饰数词。
e.g. We stayed in New York for another three weeks. / Please have another apple.
当another修饰单数名词时，在上下文意思明确的情况下，可以把名词省略，这时another起
代词作用。
e.g. After eating an apple, I had another (one).
6、all ; both ; each ; every ; either
all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
both：指―两者都‖，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
each：―每一个‖，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。
e.g. There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.
Each of us has a chance to go to university.
We each have a dictionary.
every：指三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接of介词短语。
either：指―两者中一个‖或―两者中无论哪一个‖，可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词作主语、宾语；
后可接of介词短语。
e.g. If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.
I don’t like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?
【练习】
1. ---- Do you want tea or coffee?
---- _____ . I really don’t mind.
A. Both
B. None
C. Either
D. Neither
2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ______ it was?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
3. ---- You’re always working. Come on, let’s g o shopping.
---- _______ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
4. The boss decided to dismiss two workers: ________ .
A. you and Tom
B. I and you
C. Mary and I
D. she and you
5. I don’t care for ______ of the hats. Would you show me a third one?
A. all
B. none
C. either
D. both
6. I now do not accept ______ that is offered to me, I only choose those useful.
A. anything
B. any
C. whatever
D. everything
7. A school is an exciting place, ____ in which new talents are being discovered every day.
A. and
B. that
C. there
D. one
8. ---- How much vinegar did you put in the salad?
---- I’m sorry to say, _______. I forgot.
A. no
B. nothing
C. no one
D. none
9. ---- Is this umbrella yours?
---- No, mine is here. It must be ________.
A. someone’s
B. someone’s else
C. someone else’s
D. someone’s else’s
10.Our feelings were ___________ .
A. the same as they
B. same as theirs
C. same as they
D. the same as theirs
11. You can reach the town ______ road you take.
A. whatever
B. what
C. whichever
D. which
12. ______ who wish to go swimming may sign up here.
A. Any person
B. Those
C. Anyone
D. These
13. Now that the new machines have been bought, _____ will you do with the old _____ ?
A. how ; ones
B. how ; one
C. what ; one
D. what ; ones
14. The thieves ran away separately, _____ carrying a bag.
A. all
B. each
C. every
D. either
15. ---- Did anybody ask for me during my absence?
---- Yes, ______ called Black asked to see you.
A. he
B. it
C. one
D. that
四、冠词
【知识点】
一、不定冠词中的主要用法：
1. 表―一个‖―每一个‖（=per）―某一个‖（=a certain / some）,如: eight hours a day; a Mr. Smith
2. a / an +抽象名词表示具体的人或物（如：a pleasure / success / failure/ comfort / shame等）;
a / an +某些物质名词表示―一阵‖ ―一份‖等,如: a heavy rain;
3. a / an +有些名词= the same+ n. 如: The students standing there are of an age (= of the same age.)
二．定冠词的主要用法:
（一）1.特定的或上文提到的人或物(包括特指的不可数名词);
2.一些习惯用语及固定词组中;
（二）1.世界上独一无二的物,或表示方位及发明物前: the universe; the sun; the moon; He invented the wheel;
2.乐器名词前: play the violin;
3.表计量单位的名词前,表示‖按……‖: by the dozen / yard / hour;
4.与形容词或分词连用表示某一类人或事(或某国家的人): the old / sick / Chinese;
（三）1.用于姓的复数形式前表示夫妇两人或某一家人: the Browns
2.年代的名词前表示‖某十年代‖ : in the 1990s
（四）1.在表示江河,海洋,山脉,群岛,海峡,海湾等名词前：the Yellow Sea; the English Channel; the Rocky Mountains;
2.在由普通名词构成的表示机构、国家、建筑、历史朝代、三军、报刊,、杂志等名词前：the Song Dynasty ;
the World Trade Center; the People’s Daily; the Times;
（五）1.用在序数词及形容词最高级前(但:my first visit to the Great Wall) ;
2.对两人/物间进行比较表示特定的一个时(the+比较级): He is the taller of the twins;
3.句型‖the+比较级……,the+比较级‖中:The hi gher you stand, the farther you’ll see.
三．不用冠词的场合:
（一）1.抽象和物质名词前(除非表示特定时);
2.星期,季节,月份的名词前(比较:in winter / in the winter of 2000 ; on Sunday / on a Sunday in May);
3.三餐饭前(比较:have lunch / have a big lunch);
4.球类或棋类名词前(play cards / chess);
5.表示学科的名词前;
6.by+交通工具的名词前(by car =in a car);
7.表示节假日的名词前(但:the Mid-Autumn Festival或可说成Mid-Autumn Day);
（二）1.在称呼语前及表示人的职位,头衔,身份的名词在句中作表语,补足语及同位语时(在as后也常省略);
2.指家中雇佣的cook, nurse, teacher等时不用冠词并且大写:He was made monitor of our class; What’s
the matter, Grandpa?
（三）1.动词turn后的名词前不用冠词（但become后接可数名词单数时要加冠词）: turn doctor=become a doctor;
2.word表示―消息‖ ―诺言‖时不用冠词: leave word；keep one’s word
3.man表示―人类‖时不用冠词;
4.连词as(虽然)引导倒装句中的名词前不用冠词;
（四）在一些表示街名,广场名,公园名,大学名,国名,人名等专有名词前:Nanjing Road; Tian An Men Square;
Hyde Park (但:the People’s Park); Yale University ( the University of Yale)
（五）下列短语中有无冠词意义大不一样:
in (the) prison; by (the) hand; go to (the) hospital; out of (the) question; in (the) front of ; (the) three of us;
the / a number of; have a word/ words with sb.; a singer and (a) dancer ; a knife and (a)fork ; a / the second time ; a / the most beautiful city
四．冠词的位置:
1.all / both / half / many / double / such / what / quite+ 冠词+(形容词)+名词:
half the books ; many a student ; such a fine day; What a lovely present! quite a big meal
2.as / so / how / too+形容词+冠词+名词: so fine a day; too difficult a problem; as clever a boy as you
【练习】
1.-----Jack, there’s ______ Mrs. Smith on ______phone for you.
------I’m in the bath.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. a; /
D. the;/
2. Tell her not to stay in _____hotel next time she comes here. I can find _____bed for her in my flat. Now I’m sleepy and I want to head for_______ bed .
A. the; / ; /
B. a; / ; a
C. the; a ; /
D. the; a ; the
3. After I left _______university, I turned _______ lawyer.
A. an; a
B. a; a
C. / ; /
D. the; the
4. ------What about ______lecture this morning?
------Oh, it was too difficult ________ lecture for me.
A. the; the
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; a
5. The manager decided to put _____plan into ______ practice because he thought it was ______most practical one.
A. the; the; a
B. a; /; the
C. the; / ; a
D. a; the; the
6. People of _______kind fall into ______same group and things of _____kind flock together.
A. the; the; the
B. a; the; a
C. a; /; a
D. the; a; the
7. ------What do you usually have for_____ breakfast ?
------Some milk and bread.
-----What about Jim?
------He never has ______breakfast, for he always gets up too late, but this morning he had quite ________big breakfast.
A./ ; / ; /
B. /; /; a
C. the; the; a
D. the; the; /
8. He told me that it was _____pleasure to help others and he would do it with ______ pleasure.
A. a; a
B. /; /
C. the; a
D. a; /
9. ------I have telephoned him for three times this morning, but it seems that he is still in _____hospital.
-------Why not call him for _______fourth time? Maybe he’s back now. He told me yesterday the doctor allowed him to come home this morning.
A. /; a
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. / ; the
10.It’s often less expensive to buy goods in ______quantity, but you’d better examine _______ quality before buying them.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. a; the
D. the; the
11. Tim couldn’t remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was _____Sunday because everybody was at________ church.
A./; the
B. a; the
C. a; /
D. the; /
12. The price of ________ jewel is decided by the sort of ______material used.
A. the; the
B. the; /
C. /; the
D. /; /
13. Apples are usually sold by ______weight and eggs are sometimes sold by ______dozen.
A. the; the
B. /; a
C. /; the
D. the; a
14. ------I hear as many as 50 children were killed in the accident.
------Yes, _____news came as _____ shock to me.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /; /
D. /; a
15. -----Are you used to our food here?
------More or less, but ______knife and _______fork is still a problem.
A. the; the
B. a; a
C. the; /
D. / ; /
16. Karl Marx first discovered ______political theory known as _______communism.
A. a; a
B. the; the
C. the; /
D. a; /
17. _____library building in our school was completed in _____May of 1998, not in_______April, 1997.
A. A; / ; /
B. The; the; /
C. A; the; /
D. The; / ; /
18. ------What do you think of ______ president?
-------I didn’t care for him at first, but after ______ time I got to like him.
A. the; a
B. / ; the
C. the; the
D. /; a
19. ------ He sent ______word that you shall go to his office after class.
------I know. And ______word has come that you are the next person he wants to see.
A. / ; /
B. the; /
C. a; /
D. a; the
五、形容词和副词
【知识点】
一、形容词
1．作定语
1). 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词（冠词、指示代词、人称代词、数词等）＋描绘性形容词（beautiful, interesting…）＋大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄、新旧＋颜色＋国籍、地区、出处＋材料性质＋用途、类别＋名词中心词。
a charming big round new black French wooden writing desk
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
2) 定语后置
A）形容词短语作定语
a language difficult to master
B）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a child asleep, the greatest man alive
C）修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时eg. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
D）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。What else do you know?
E）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，但修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
2. 作表语
1)系表结构。与系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep. smell，taste，sound，turn，remain , go, come, stay, stand, run等连用
2)表语形容词。常见的有以a-起首的afraid、ali ke、alone、asleep、awake、alive以及well , ill(生病) ，fond, sorry, unable, worth, glad, sure 等
注意：以a-起首的词除了作后置定语外还作补语。eg. Keep the fish alive
修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast / sound asleep, very much afraid
3. 作状语
形容词或形容词短语表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
Afraid of troubles，he would not accept the duty.
4. 复合形容词
1）形容词+ 名词+ ed kind-hearted好心的，fair-haired金发的
2)形容词+ 形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的
3）形容词+ 现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的
4）副词+ 现在分词hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的
5）副词+ 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的
6）名词+ 形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的
7）名词+ 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的
8）名词+ 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的
9）数词+ 名词+ ed four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的
10）数词+ 名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的
二、副词
1．频度副词如often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, rarely, frequently, occasionally等在be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前。eg.
We usually go shopping once a week./ He is always ready to help others.
2. 多个副词同时出现的顺序
方式副词＋地点副词＋时间副词；小的时间/地点＋大的时间/地点
三、比较形容词和副词
1．形容词＋ly, 有时会构成意义完全不同的副词
hard(困难的)—hardly（几乎不）dead(死的)—deadly(致命的)
late(晚的)—lately(最近)fair(公平的)—fairly(相当)
２．注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：
l) close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地
2) free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地
3) hard努力地 hardly几乎不
4) late晚，迟 lately近来
5) most极，非常 mostly主要地
6) wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7) high高 highly高度地，非常地
8) deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的―深‖
9) loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10) near邻近 nearly几乎
３.以-ly结尾的形容词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、manly、timely等。eg. （×）He spoke to me very friendly.（∨）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
四、比较级和最高级
1.构成：
大部分双音节词、加后缀构成的词（如slowly, useful）、源于分词的形容词（如tired）、所有的多音节词，加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级，副词的最高级可省去the.请注意：作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人、他物相比，常不加the.
eg. We are busiest on Monday.
2．修饰比较级、最高级的程度词
1)even / still / rather
much / far/ a lot/ a great deal ＋比较级
a little/ a bit
We are working still harder now. 现在我们工作更加努力。
2) 数词+ 名词＋比较级
eg. He is two inches taller than his father.
他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说He is taller than his father by two inches. )
She could not take a step further. 她一步也不能走了。
3) 比较级＋by far
在前面，应在二者中间加― the‖．如: He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
4) the second/ third ＋最高级
by far
3. 无比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,因此没有比较级和最高级．常见的有：right, wrong, perfect,
possible, impossible, mistaken, dead, favourite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite(完
全地)，completely等修饰。eg. quite right/ impossible，completely dead.
4. 和冠词连用
the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物
the ＋形容词比较级，指两者中―较…的‖的那一个，eg. the younger of the two
a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级―非常…‖eg. a most beautiful city
5. 相关结构
1)原级比较：肯定句as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..
2)比较句：比较级＋than….或more (less) ….than…..
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)
3)比较级＋and＋比较级或more and more＋原级―越来越… ‖
richer and richer, more and more interesting
4)The more….., the more…..―越…，越…‖
The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.
5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单）（适用于范围一致时）
(all) other ＋n.（复）
any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.
any student in my class.
6) 倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
7) more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为―是……而不是……‖或颠倒词序译作―与其说是……，不如说是……‖。
That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。
She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.
她是贤妻，更是良母。
8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。
9) no more than= only ―只不过‖，言其少
not more than=at most ―不多于‖，指事实。
no more …than… 和…一样不… 如单音节使用比较级形式
not more…than… 不比…更…
no less than= as much as ―多达‖
no fewer than= as many as
eg. I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5元。
I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。
He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。
He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than等于―其决心不亚于你‖，言其大)
He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than等于―其决心不小于‖，无言其大或小的含义)
10) 最高级＋of/ in/ among….
He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in his class.
五、相关词语辨析
1.very 和much
A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；,much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,eg. I very like English.(×),应改为：I like English very much.
B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed 结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom..
C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting
D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree
2. so和such
A)so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词/ 副词+ that …
so + 形容词+ a（n）+ 单数可数名词+ that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词+ that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+ that …
s uch + 形容词+ 不可数名词+ that …
such + 形容词+ 复数名词+ that …
注意：但当little表示―小‖时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary
语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句
变否定，NOT 前。 哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
高考英语语法复习讲义——动词 动词 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明： 有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词， 例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明： 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。 例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明： 英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase) 例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e9926438.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e9926438.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
3-18岁纯英式素质教育领航者：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！ 优尼全能英语：高中英语语法练习题及参 考答案 1. My son got up late this morning. He only had _______ for breakfast. A. two bread B. two slice of bread C. two slices of bread D. two slices of breads 2. _______ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam
B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s 3. —Do you know how many ___a horse has and how many _____ a bee has? —Of course I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 4. __________ woman in a purple skirt is Betty’s mother. A. The B. A C. An D. / 5. Now telephones are very popular and they are much ______ than before.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheaper 6. —Hi, Tom. Is your brother as active as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is _________. A. less outgoing than me B. not so calm as C. more active than I D. as outgoing as I 7. English ____ in many countries, but Chinese ____ their own language.
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句 概念 1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk . The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular. 2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子. The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人) 4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which. I, who am 48, teach you English. 5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。 6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明 （不用that）。 You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited. 限定性定语从句： 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指人：1，主语who/ that 2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/--- 3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan. 2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love. 3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray. *当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！ The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily. ---The girl with whom you talked is Lily. 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指物1，主语which/ that 2, 宾语which / that / --- 3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n . 4，状语时间when =介词+ which 地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整 the reason why = for which I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor. 2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006. 3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south. 4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years. / in which we’ve lived for about 11years. / where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整) I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)
语法填空专题训练 预热题 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them correctly and wisely. 1 , some of us are upset 2 their body styles and looks. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty 3 matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood 4 our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to remove the 6 (understand). Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money 【文章综述】本文讲述高中生成长中有很多的烦恼，我们应该用正确的方式来处理。 【答案解析】 1.First与第三行的Second形成呼应，都表示列举 2.about 考察固定搭配be upset about…对…感到难过，失望；很多人对于自己的体型和外貌感到难过。 3.that本句是一个强调句型It is…that/who…；本句强调的是主语one’s inner beauty，句意：重要的是我们的内在美。 4.by本句话考查被动语态。Be misunderstood by 被。。误解。 5.Faced 本句中的faced是动词face的过去分词转换的形容词，构成be faced with…面对着…；在句中使用形容词来说明后面主句转换主语的情况。 6.misunderstanding考查名词。句意：我们找合适的时间来与父母面对面交谈，来消除误解。 7.which 本句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话的内容在句中做主语。 8.ourselves 本句中使用反身代词ourselves表示强调。我们经常鼓励自己高效工作。 9.determination 本句中介词of后面要接名词作宾语，故使用determine的名词determination。 10. how 本句考察的“特殊疑问词+不定式”在句中做宾语的用法，在本句中how to spend money作为动词learn的宾语。