The worker as Creator or Machine
EXERCISES8
I. Write a short note on Peter F. Drucker.
[SRB]
1. Who’s Who (1972)
2. The International Who’s Who (1976 - 1979)
Ⅱ. Questions on content:
1. Why is man defined as “the animal that produces”?
2. How does work liberate man from nature and make him a social and independent being?
3. Why, according to Fromm, was work meaningful in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in the Western countries?
4. How did the meaning of work change after the collapse of the medieval social structure? How did people’s sense of insecurity influence their work? What part did religion play?
5. What two views of work were common during the first centuries of the modern era? How did different classes view work differently? How, according to Fromm, did these views emerge?
6. How has the industrial worker’s role changed? What is his relationship to the machine?
7. What, according to Peter Drucker, is the meaning of a job in the automobile industry? Why is this meaning inadequate for the worker?
8. What has most concerned researchers in industrial psychology? How has the
comparison of the worker to a machine influenced these investigations?
9. The alienated nature of work today has resulted in what two reactions, according to Fromm?
Ⅲ Questions on appreciation:
1. How do the ideas presented in paragraph 1 prepare the reader for paragraph 2?
2. How does paragraph 2 provide the definition of an ideal kind of work?
3. Are the first two paragraphs important? What role do they play in the whole essay?
4. How do the quotations from C. W. Mills and P. Drucker support and develop Fromm’s point? Are quotations more effective than a paraphrase or a summary7
5. Why are industrial psychologists concerned with “human relations, “ according to Fromm? What are Fromm’s reactions to their endeavors? How does he make his reactions clear to his readers?
6. Review the ways in which Fromm demonstrates that work “has become alienated” from people. When did this alienation begin? What caused it? What have been its effects?
7. The method of causal analysis is used in the writing of this essay. Explain how Fromm’s survey of the history of people’s attitude toward work is essential to the development of his causal analysis.
8. Do you have any comments or criticisms to make on some of the points or views put forward by Fromm? Give your reasons.
Ⅳ. Paraphrase:
1. by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom (para 1 )
2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. (para 1)
3. all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill (para 1)
4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. ( para 2)
5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism, “an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation. (para 3)
6. Work has become alienated from the working person. (para 5)
7.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. (para 7)
8. a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on( para 7)
9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (para 9)
10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management (para 9)
11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity. (para 11)
12. he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it (para 13)
V . Translate paragraph 9 into Chinese.
VI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:
1. he has risen above the animal kingdom (para 1 )
2. as a social and independent being (para 1)
3. develop his capacities and skills in its prosecution (para 2)
4. he was among the “chosen” ones (para 4)
5. Work has become alienated from the working person. (para 5)
6. the whole product in its physical aspects (para 6)
7. rather than its master as an active agent (para 6)
8. this puts a premium on slovenly work (para 7)
9. how he can be made to work with less friction (para 9)
10. with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (para 9)
11.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management (para 9)
12.There are, of course, many useful and labor saving gadgets. (para 11)
Ⅶ.Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word creator (meaning producer). Give words of the same part of speech.
Ⅷ.Give corresponding nouns for the following adjectives or verbs:
1. appropriate11. English
2. precise12. ambiguous
3. subtle13. amass
4. prefer14. disappoint
5. accept15. disallow
6. assemble16. physiological
7. absent-minded17. provoke
8. sincere18. judge
9. carry19. understand
10. inherit20. extend
Ⅸ. Add the suffix -ship or-dom or -hood to the following words:
1. false11. guardian
2. official12. seaman
3. bachelor13. knight
4. woman14. duke
5. lord15. marksman
6. dean16. prince
7. priest17. town
8. king18. censor
9. brother19. serf
10. trustee20. citizen
Ⅹ. Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words:
1. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces. “ (backward) (correctly)
2. The more his work develops, the more his individuality develops. (individualism)
3. Work was not only a useful activity, but one which carried with it a profound satisfaction. (action)
4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. (difference between)
5. The outcome of this activity, success or failure, decided his salvation, indicating
whether he was among the saved or the lost souls. (consequence)
6. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning or work divided into that of duty among the middle class and that of forced labor among those without property. (wealth)
7. P. Drucker, observing workers in the automobile industry, expresses this idea very succinctly (briefly)
8. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased (products) 9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (psychology)
10. One speaks of “human relation”and one means the most inhuman relations (humane)
Ⅺ . For each of the following, give another word or expression with similar meaning found in the text:
1. be detached from 6. act
2. mode7. gadget
3. duty8. riches
4. role9. passivity
5. feature10. longing
Ⅻ. Read the following paragraphs and prepare to discuss:
1 ) What is the central idea of the paragraph?
2) What method is used in developing the central idea?
1. I love my lawyer. My lawyer is not an ordinary person. My lawyer is a rebel, a revolutionary who is alienated fundamentally from the status quo, probably with as
great an intensity, conviction, and irretrievability as I am alienated from it--and probably with more intelligence, compassion, and humanity. If you read the papers, you are no doubt aware of my lawyer’s incessant involvement in agitation against all manifestations of the monstrous evil of our system, such as our intervention in the internal affairs of the Vietnamese people or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by U.S. Marines. And my lawyer defends civil rights demonstrators, sit-inners, and the Free Speech students who rebelled against the Kerr-Strong machine at the University of California. My love for my lawyer is due, in part, to these activities and involvements, because we are always on the same side of the issues.
2. Of all the forces which have tempted us to lose our sense of history, none has been more potent than television. While, of course, television levels distance--puts us closer and more vividly present in Washington than we are in our state capital and takes us all instantly to the moon--it has had a less noticable but equally potent effect on our sense of time. Because television enables us to be there, anywhere, instantly, precisely because it fills the instant present moment with experience so engrossing and overwhelming, it dulls our sense of the past. If it had not been possible for us all to accompany Scott and Irwin on their voyage of exploration on the moon, we would have had to wait to be engrossed in retrospect by the vivid chronicle of some Francis Parkman or Samuel Eliot Morison, and there would then have been no possible doubt that the moon journey was part of the stream of our history. But with television we saw that historic event--as we now see more and more of whatever goes on in our country--as only another vivid item in the present.
XIII. Topics for oral work:
1. Do you agree with all the views of the writer? What criticisms have you to make?
2. Do we have any problems in the management of our industry? How should we solve them?
X IV. Write a short expository composition on:
Worker in Socialist China.
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习题全解
I . Drucker: professor Peter (Ferdinand) Drucker, American writer, teacher and management consultant, born on November 19, 1909, in Vienna, Austria; Professor of Man agement, New York University, since 1954; Clarke profes sor of Social Science; Clairemont Graduate School, Claire mont, California, since 1971; Management Consultant (own firm), since 1945; Fellow of American Association for Ad vancement; Honorary Fellow of British Institute of Manage ment. Publications.The End of Economic Man (1939), The Future of Industrial Man (1942), Concept of the Corporation (1946), The New Society ( 1950), The Practice of Manage- ment (1954), Managing for Results (1964), Technology, Management and Society (1970), Manage~nent. Tasks, Re sponsibilities, Practices (1974), The Unseen Revolution IIow Pension Fund Socialism Came to America (1976), and text books and educational films.
II.
1. Man is the only animal that produces his own food and things he uses. He has to produce (or to work) in order to live.
2. In the process of work man molds and changes himself. He emerges from nature by mastering her.
3. Work was not only useful, but one which carried with it a profound satisfaction. Even the details of daily work were meaningful because they were not detached in the worker’s mind from the product of the work. The worker used and developed his capacities and skills in the process of production. There was no split of work andplay, or work and culture.
4. Doubtful and fearful of his new freedom, man developed a feverish activity that became the index to the condition of his soul.saved and successful, or lost and unsuccessful. Work became a “duty and an obsession”.
5. Work was a duty for the upper classes and middle classes and forced labor for the lower classes, those without prop- erty. Those who had amassed capital and employed others to work looked upon it as a duty.
6. Those who had to work long hours to keep from starving to death looked upon it as forced labor.
7. He does not care about the relation between what he pro duces and society as a Whole. “Instead of the machine be ing the substitute for human energy, man has become a substitute for the machine.
8. Work means getting money. The job itself is “disagree- able, meaningless and stultifying” and places a premium on “slovenly work”, resulting in unhappy workers.
9. The chief concern is to increase individual production. Whatever increases output and lessons frictions is valued. 10. The “ideal of complete laziness”and “deep-seated,
though often unconscious hostility toward work”.
1. The ideas presented in paragraph 1 are only general ones. So in paragraph 2 the author gives a more detailed explana tion of creative work by examples and a quotation of C. W. Mills’remark.
2. The definition of an ideal kind of work in paragraph 2 is provided by the use of a direct quotation of C. W. Mills’re mark of craftsmanship--one of the peaks in the evolution of creative work, esp. in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
3. The first two paragraphs are very important. The role they play in the whole essay is that they provide a contrast of how creative work develops to its contrary.
4. Mills emphasizes both the process and the product. Druck er cites an instance of how Fromm’s statement is true a mong automobile workers. The direct quotations give au- thority to the position Fromm is taking, a paraphrase would not provide that directness and authenticity.
5. The concerns and the objectives of industrial psychologists are to increase the productivity of workers. Their model is the machine. Fromm does not approve of this model or the activities of these industrial psychologists. He makes his attitude clear through his use of certain words and phrases -- “manipulation of the worker’s psyche”, “relations be- tween .. automations “.
6. Work began to be alienated from people when it ceased to be “an activity satisfying in itself” and became instead “a duty and an obsession”, this process came with the end of the medieval age and has continued ever since. Man is now subordinated to the machines he operates, and as a result he has lost his self-respect and hates his work.
7. The method employed by the writer to develop his theme and to convince his readers may be called the method of causal analysis or just simply causation. Everything that exists and every event that takes place has a cause, and most things produce effects or results. “The worker is no longer a creator but has become a machine” is the effect or result as well as the theme of the text, with Fromm’s sur vey of the history of people’s attitude toward work serves as the causes, so it is essential to the development of his causal analysis.
8. Yes. Fromm does not employ the basic tenets of Marxism -- the existence of classes and class struggle -- to evalute and analyse the sociological problems in the United States. His basic approach is still that of a psychoanalyst, evaluat ing the psychological reaction of the worker to the working conditions and environment he finds himself in.
IV.
1. Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has devel oped far beyond all other animals.
2. Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a so cial being independent of nature.
3. All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.
4. Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cul tural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.
5. Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt
alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life. 6. In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hos tile to the work he is doing.
7. Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose.
8. Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.
9. Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.
10. Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if
it has better relations with the public.
11. The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more “high-minded”cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.
12. The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved. V. See the translation of the text.
VI.
1. kingdom: any one of the three divisions of the natural world
2. being : a human being : one who lives or exists, or assumed to do so
3. prosecution: the carrying on or engaging in something.
This word is more commonly used in its legal sense of con ducting legal proceedings against somebody.
4. chosen. (religious term) favored by God ; chosen by God to go to heaven after death
5. alienated, estranged, detached
6. physical: material
7. agent: a person that brings forming a certain action about a certain result by per
8. premium: an unusual or high value
9. friction : conflict, strife
10. psyche : mind
11. pay off: yield full recompense or retrun, for either good or evil
12. gadget: any small, especially mechanical contrivance or device
Ⅶ. producer, maker, manufacturer, creator, author, originator, founder, inventor, builder, grower
Ⅷ. 1. appropriateness, appropriation 2. precision, preciseness 3. subtlety, subtleness 4. preference, preferment 5. accep tance, acceptation 6. assembly, assemblage 7. absent mindedness 8. sincerity, sincereness 9. carriage 10. in heritance 11. English, England, Englishman, Englishwom an 12. ambiguity, ambiguousness 13. amassment 14. dis appointment 15. disallowance 16. physiology 17. provoca tion 18. judgement 19. understanding 20. extension
IX. 1. falsehood 2. officialdom 3. bachelorhood, bachelorship 4. womanhood 5. lordship 6. deanship 7. priesthood 8. kingship, kingdom 9. brotherhood 10. trusteeship 11. guardianship 12. seamanship 13. knighthood 14. duke dom 15. marksmanship 16. princedom 17. township 18. censorship 19. serfdom 20. citizenship X.
1. backward 为消极词，表达一种具有消极意义的比较，主要起直接描述作用，如a backward mountain region。有时它也用来指低下和无知，暗示缺乏进取心而应受指责。primitive具有对比意味，仅指人类文化发展的早期及工业化之前的阶段，也可指处在初级阶段或初级形态的任何一件未经加工制造的纯净简朴的东西。correct指无差错、瑕疵，符合某种标准。其使用普遍，不仅可用来说明真理或事实，而且还可用来修饰口味或(服装等)样式，如the correct dress for a formal dinner。right通常可和correct互换，但常暗含对道德方面的赞赏，如the right course of action。
2．individuality指某人区别于他人的特性、情趣、活动等。indi vidualism现常指一种意识形态(及其所体现的言行)，该意识形态以自我为中心，把自身利益置于他人利益之前。3．action指某一行动的完成(所完成的事)或指完成某事的过程，如the action of acid on metal。activity指运动的状态，或能量的消耗。activity词义很广，可用以指个人或集体运用身心进行的工作，该词常用来表达一些分离的、同步的或连续的行动，如the activity of the heart，busy week filled with social activities。
4．split指使某一件物体破碎或分裂成两个或更多个部分，而difference强调分裂的部分彼此不似或不同。
5．consequence可指以一种中立的方式所表达的简单的因果关系，如prosperity that was the consequence of widely ex Danded governmental spending。此词更多地是指否定性的结果或至少是在其他方面结果令人满意却又伴随有否定因素，如arguing that the rise in lung cancers was a conse auence of cigarette。outcome充分强调对某一事物的结局所作的唯一的、单独的结论。该词较为非正式，指事情的结局或解答，如a tragic outcome for such a happy marriage。
6．wealth就其具体的而非抽象的含义来看，是一个含义很广的词，可指贮藏或积蓄的、人们想要拥有的一切，尤指有经济利益或短期价值，由个人、集体或非生命实体所使用的物质的东西，如a man of wealth，a nation’s wealth。从广义上来讲，wealth既可指有价值的非物体的东西，也可指极丰富的任何事物，如a wealth of experience，a wealth of learn ing。property指个人或集体合法地获取或拥有的任何一件有价值的东西，如private property，government property。该词可以是不动产或动产，即它可以包括被看作不动的、永久的财富，如土地、建筑等，也可以包括被认为可动的、临时性的财富，如珠宝、书籍、家俱等等。7．succinct意为压缩、排除了无关细节的，用以说明文章、讲话等简短、明白、概括，紧抓要点，如a succinct summarv of a lengthy treaties。brief用于时间的持续，其含义相对于long，如a brief or short interval。该词也常用来强调简洁、概括等等，如a brief view。
8．product指生长或制造的东西，这些东西或产生于自然界，或产生于人类工业或艺术。productivity指生产力或某些东西的大量生产。
9．psychology是一门有关精神及精神、情感过程的科学，也可指某个人或某个群体的行为、特性、态度、思想、精神状态等的总和，如the psychology of the adolescent。psyche指精神，是精神病学上的专用术语。
10．humane是指对待人类和整个生物界及二者所处境况都要慈悲仁爱，如a humane judge，a humane treatment of ani reals。human仅用于表达人区别于动物和自然界以及被认为能够关注与他人沟通的任何特征。human和humane的含义区别很大。humane可指人类所共有的高尚的态度，而human常把软弱或失败看作具有普遍性，因而可以谅解(人所共犯之错)。但后者也常指对他人的缺陷持灵活宽容的态度。如：If hed only stop moralizing all the time and be a little bit
human．
Ⅺ．1．be alienated from 2．way，method 3．obligation 4．func tl’on 5．character 6．action 7．device 8．wealth 9．inacti vl’ty 10．yearning．craving
XⅡ.1．The central idea is expressed in the opening topic sentence “! love my lawyer”. The method used in developing the central idea is called “causal analysis”or “causation”.
2. The central idea is expressed in the opening topic sentence “Of all the forces which have tempted us to lose our sense of history, none has been more potent than television”. The me thod used in developing the central idea is called “causal analysis” or “causation”.
XⅢ. Omitted.
Workers in Socialist China
On August 23, 1993, five model workers from Laohekou Golden Town Co. Ltd. were enrolled in the textile correspon- dence speciality of Laohekou TV University. Sponsored by the company, they would study as college students with no salary reduction. Over the past years, eighteen model workers have been offered free college edueation by the Company. To rejuvenate the enterprise by means of training personnel and improving the quality of staff and workers, the company
has made a rewarding policy of encouraging model workers ac- quiring higher education in their spare time. The policy arous es the work and study enthusiasm of over four hundred work- ers in the company. What is popular among workers now is to learn technological knowledge and make contributions to the company. Since 1992, relying on talents to expand, its output value, profit and tax has been rising at an
annual rate of 50%. At present, the company has grown into a major textile enter- prise with fixed assets of fifteen million yuan and an annual sale of more than eighty million yuan. One fourth of its prod- ucts are exported to Japan, the United States, Thailand, and Southeast Asia.
To better the overall quality of the staff members and work- ers, the company has decided to make all of them technical secondary school graduates within the coming three years.
Test for Unit 8 （时间：120分钟，满分：120分） 听力部分（25分） Ⅰ.听句子，选择恰当的应答语。(每小题1分，共5分) ( )1.A.One cup. B.Two. C.Three bananas. ( )2.A.Yes, I do. B.Yes, I did. C.No, thanks.I’m full. ( )3.A.Yes, I could. B.Sure. C.Yes, please. ( )4.A.Thank you. B.That’s right. C.Good idea. ( )5.A.Only a little. B.Only a few. C.Few. Ⅱ.听短对话，选择正确的图片。(每小题1分，共5分) ( )6.What does the man like best? ( )7.What will they eat? ( )8.What does Helen usually eat for breakfast every day? ( )9.What don’t they have? ( )10.What did Frank eat just now? Ⅲ.听长对话，选择正确答案。(每小题1分，共5分) 听第一段对话，回答第11、12小题。 ( )11.What does the woman want to learn to make? A.Bread. B.Tomato salad. C.Turkey sandwiches. ( )12.What does the woman do at last? A.Add some tomato slices. B.Put another slice of bread on top. C.Add a teaspoon of relish. 听第二段对话，回答第13—15小题。 ( )13.What are they talking about? A.How to make a milk shake. B.How to make sandwiches. C.How to make fruit salad.
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i
Unit8单元测试题 班级_________ 姓名____________ 得分_____________ 一、单项选择(50分) （）1. Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy. A. food B. water C. pear D. carrot （）2. —There some bread on the plate. You can eat it for breakfast. —OK, I will. A. are B. is C. was D. were （）3. —do you make fruit salad? —First, cut up the apples, bananas and pears. And then. . . A. When B. Where C. Why D. How （）4. “exercise every day, my son. It’s good for your health. ”Dad often said to him. A. Takes B. Taking C. Take D. To take （）5. —butter do we need for a sandwich? —Two teaspoons should be enough. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How far （）6. Thanksgiving is always the fourth Thursday in November. A. in B. on C. at D. for （）7. Paul made a nice cage the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. Kept C. keeping D. to keep （）8. Don’t forget to the light when you leave the room. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down （）9. —Tom, supper is ready. —I don’t want to eat, Mum. I’m not feeling well. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything （）10. —Let’s make tomato and beef noodles. —. A. Sounds good B. You’re welcome C. That’s right D. Don’t worry ( ) 1 1.If you want to eat a banana, you must ____it first. A.peel B.sell C.put D.peeling ( ) 12.______the yogurt into the blender . A.To pour B.Pour C.Pouring D.Pours ( ) 13.I can’t hear the TV. Please____ it____. A. turn…off B. turn…up C.turn…down D.turn…on - 1 -
全新版第二版第一册u n i t8课文翻译
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论
Unit 8单元测试卷 一根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1.He can’t wait to o_____ the box to see what present it is. 2.He usually d _____to work, but sometimes he takes a bus. 3.We didn’t go swimming yesterday. I____,we went hiking. 4.She s____an English song for us at the party last Sunday. 5.He didn’t m_____what happened to him in the letter. 6.I want to give a _____（特殊的）gift to my father for his birthday. 7.The computer is the best gift Tony has ever _____(收到) 8.Whom shall we _________(挑选) as our team leader? 9.More than twenty singers ________(参加) in the contest. 10.The program _______(建议) ways for students to communicate with their parents. 11. Mr Li told his little son to answer teachers' questions __________(有礼貌). 12. It's ________________(危险) to swim alone in the river. 13. --I want to report a traffic ___________(事故). --Yes，go ahead. 14. --I thought I'd buy James a new bike for his birthday. --That's a _____________(精彩) idea. 15. Harbin is in the ______________(东北) of China. 二单项选择.( ) 1. _______ should I get Mary for her birthday? A. How B. When C. Where D. What ( ) 2. How about ______ to a concert tonight? A. go B. to go C. going D. to going ( )3. I got the gift _____ my ______ birthday. A. on, ten B. on, tenth C. at, ten D. by, tenth ( ) 4. She lives ______ but she doesn’t feel _______. A. alone, lonely B. alone, alone B. C. lonely, alone D. lonely, lonely ( ) 5. They have ____ eight-year-old child _____Ted. A. an, names B. an, named C. a, name D. a, named ( ) 6. Xiaoli doesn’t work ____ Maomao. A. as harder as B. as hard as C. so harder as D. so hardly as ( ) 7. Our English teacher was ill. So Mr Wang gave us a lesson _____ her. A. instead B. instead of C. beside D. except ( ) 8. I think the story is too hard for the boy________. A. read B. to be read C. to read D. reading ( ) 9. ______ working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. A. Beside B. Except C. Expect D. Besides ( ) 10. “What about seeing movies?”“_____. I’m tired of staying at home.”
人教版八年级英语下册unit8 单元测试题 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.I _____ already ______(see) the film. I _______ (see) it last week. 2.--____ he _______(finish) his work today?--Not yet. 3.My father _____ just ______(come) back from work. He is tired now. 4.So far I _________(make)quite a few friends here. 5.I _____ just _________(finish) my homework. 6. ______ you ________(find)your science book yet? 7.I’ve lost my pen. _____ you ______(see)it anywhere? 8.At the end of the day, we felt happy the bus (bring)us back to our school. 9.Mount Huang is one of the most (beauty)mountains in the world. 10.I joined the book club last month and I (read) five books already. 11.There used to be (million) of birds singing in the trees in the forest. 12.He saw the newspaper on the table this morning, but he (have) any time to read it yet. 13 .Judy has already ____________ (finish) reading Little Women. 14. Tom and Mike have already ____________ (decide) to learn Chinese on Internet. 15. Have you _____________ (read) Alice in Wonderland yet? 16.Robinson _____________ (have) already built a house on the island. 17. It often _____________ (snow) in North China in winter. 18.-Where is Miss Wu? -She ______(go)to English on business. 19.They ______(not come)back yet? 20.Many people didn't know the ________(important) of health until they got seriously ill. 二、单项选择。 （）1.My shoe is here,but where is ____________? A. the others B. the other C. another one D. other ( ) 2. Do you have _______to say? A. anything other B. something else C. else anything D. anything else ( ) 3.How long have you _______here?
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论着家中的许多疾病；镇上的医生也越来越因病人中出现的新的病症而感到迷惑。在成人和孩子中发生了好几起突发的不明其由的死亡，那些孩子在玩耍中突然病倒，几小时后就死去了。 There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example - where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh 这里是一派奇怪的寂静。就说鸟儿们吧---它们都去哪儿了？许多人说起鸟儿的时候都充满了迷惑与不安。他们后院的饲养站已经没有鸟儿光顾了。随处能见到的几只鸟都奄奄一息。他们猛烈地颤抖，却飞不起来。这是一个无声的春天。曾经是震动着画眉鸟、猫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、欧鹪和许多鸟儿的黎明合唱声的清晨如今却寂然无声。田野间、树林中和沼泽地里也是一片寂静。 On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs - the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit. 在农庄，母鸡下蛋却孵不出小鸡。农夫们抱怨无法养猪，因为刚生下的猪崽太小了，小猪也只能活几天的功夫。苹果树开花了，可是没有蜜蜂在花丛中嗡嗡地采蜜，没有蜜蜂的授粉，也就没有任何果子。 The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them,
八年级上册英语Unit8 单元测试卷 一、单项选择（共25小题；共25分） ( )1. the medical help first, then make her comfortable and call her parents. A. Getting B. Get C. To get ( )2. oranges do you want and orange would you like? A. How many; how many B. How much; how much C. How many; how much D. How much; how many ( )3. I t is sunny. What weather! A. a good B. an awful C. great D. bad ( )4. T here are two and six in the zoo. A. kangaroos; wolfs B. kangaroos; wolves C. kangarooes; wolves D. kangarooes; wolfs ( )5. S ome visited our school last Wednesday. A. German B. Germen C. Germans D. Germens ( )6. S wimming is in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( )7. --- What can I do for you? --- I want to buy for my daughter. A. a clothing B. a piece clothing C. a piece of clothing D. the piece of clothing ( )8. I want to buy . A. two bottles of milks B. two bottles of milk C. two bottle of milk D. two bottle milks ( )9. T he room was dark, so she asked me to the lights. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn on ( )10. —butter do we need for a sandwich? —Two teaspoons should be enough. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How far ( )11. --- Maria, the dog, will you? --- Why ask me? Tom is playing there. A. to feed B. feed C. feeding ( )12. “exercise every day, my son. It’s good for your health. ”Dad often said to him. A. Takes B. Taking C. Take D. To take ( )13. Thanksgiving is always the fourth Thursday in November. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( )14.—The banana is too big. —You can _______ first. A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it ( )15. Don’t forget to the light when you leave the room. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down ( )16. Don’t _______ the milk into the cup. It’s full (满了). A. peel B. pour C. leave D. drink ( )17. Tom, please add some salt _______ the noodles. A. on B. in C. to D. at ( )18. I had _______ for breakfast yesterday.
Unit 8 My Forever Valentine The traditional holidays in our house when I was a child were spent timing elaborate meals around football games. My father tried to make pleasant chitchat and eat as much as he could during half time. At Christmas he found time to have a cup or two of holiday beer and do his holly shaped bow tie. But he didn't truly shine until Valentine's Day. I don't know whether it was because work at the office slowed during February or because the football season was over. But Valentine's Day was the time my father chose to show his love for the special people in his life. Over the years I fondly thought of him as my "Valentine Man." My first recollection of the magic he could bring to Valentine's Day came when I was six. For several days I had been cutting out valentines for my classmates. Each of us was to decorate a "mailbox" and put it on our desk for others to give us cards. That box and its contents ushered in a succession of bittersweet memories of my entrance into a world of popularity contests marked by the number of cards received, the teasing about boyfriends/girlfriends and the tender care I gave to the card from the cutest boy in class. That morning at the breakfast table I found a card and a gift-wrapped package at my chair. The card was signed "Love, Dad," and the gift was a ring with a small piece of red glass to represent my birthstone, a ruby. There is little difference between red glass and rubies to a child of six, and I remember wearing that ring with a pride that all the cards in the world could not surpass. As I grew older, the gifts gave way to heart shaped boxes filled with my favorite chocolates and always included a special card signed "Love, Dad." In those years my thank-yous became more of a perfunctory response. The cards seemed less important, and I took for granted the valentine that would always be there. Long past the days of having a "mailbox" on my desk, I had placed my hopes and dreams in receiving cards and gifts from "significant others," and "Love, Dad" just didn't seem quite enough. If my father knew then that he had been replaced, he never let it show. If he sensed any disappointment over valentines that didn't arrive for me, he just tried that much harder to create a positive atmosphere, giving me an extra hug and doing what he could to make my day a little brighter. My mailbox eventually had a rural address, and the job of hand delivering candy and cards was relegated to the . Postal Service. Never in ten years was my father's package late nor was it on the Valentine's Day eight years ago when I reached into the mailbox to find a card addressed to me in my mother's handwriting.