高二暑期课程一
高考十种英语时态及被动语态
知识梳理
十种时态
一．一般现在时
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
5）一般现在时表将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情，或用在倒装句中。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
二、一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday.
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。
Did you want to speak to me now?
I wondered if you could help me.
Could you lend me your bike?
4）用在虚拟语气中。
If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing.
特殊句式
◎It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了；该……了”，It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该……了”，例如：
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
◎ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
三、一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来计划做某事，或者按照迹象可能发生的事。What are you going to do tomorrow?
Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事，不与表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。He is about to leave for Beijing.
四、现在进行时
1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you.
2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
It's getting warmer and warmer.
4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
注意：不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
五、过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
It was raining when they left the station.
六现在完成时
1)构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词
2) 现在完成时的用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如：
I have never heard of that before.
Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
3) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：for和since，以及so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。
② She has learnt English for 3 years.
③ They have lived here since 1990.
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
4）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
注意：1.have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人不在这里。
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。
2.延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别：延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until 从句的差异：延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
七、过去完成时的用法
1）概念：表示过去的过去。
----------------|-----------------------|-------------------------|---------> t
那时以前那时现在
其结构是：had + 过去分词
2）过去完成时的用法：
1．过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
2. 过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。
3.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
4.在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
5. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
6．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
八、过去将来时
1）基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。
He said his mother would buy a bike for him。
2）基本形式：would／should＋动词原形
They were sure they would win the final victory．他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。
He didn't expect that we should（would）all be there．他没想到我们都在那里。3）过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：
1．was／were＋going to＋动词原形
2．was／were＋to＋动词原形
3．was／were about＋动词原形
4．过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。
I didn't know when they were coming again．我不知道他们什么时候再来。When he was a child he would get up early．他年幼时，总是很早起床。
九、将来进行时
（1）将来进行时概念：
表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
（2）将来进行时的用法：
a) 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.
明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。
What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?
明天上午八点钟你将做什么?
I hope you won't be feeling too tired.
我希望你不要太累。
We'll be watching television all evening.
我们整个晚上都将看电视。
b) 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。如：
We'll be having tea after dinner as usual.
像通常一样，我们晚饭后将要喝茶。
The leaves will be falling soon.
树叶很快就会脱落。
We shall be having a meeting tomorrow morning.
我们明天要开一个会。
I’ll be taking my holidays soon.
我不久即将度假。
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说I'll be having a talk with her.
（3）将来进行时常用的时间状语:
soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
十、现在完成进行时的用法
1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。如：
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
It has been raining for three hours.
2)有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，have like，love，know，see，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。如：
She has been ill for a long time. 她已经病了好久了。
被动语态
一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。
考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly
等副词连用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
考点三：一些常用经典被动句型
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…，It is expected…, It is estimated…,
这些句子一般翻译为“据说…”，“人们认为…”，而“以前人们认为…”则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought…。
演练方阵
A档（巩固专练）
1、As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell hi m when __________ and see him.
A. you will come
B. will you come
C. you come
D. do you come
12、-Why did you leave that position?
- I __________ a better position at IBM.
A.offer
B. offered
C. am offered
D. was offered
3、- _______ leave at the end of this month.
-I don't think you should do that until ________ another job.
A. I'm going to ; you'd found
B. I'm going to ; you've found
C. I'll ; you'll find
D. I'll ; you'd find
4、-Your job ________ open for your return.
- Thanks.
A. will be kept
B. will keep
C. had kept
D. had been kept
5、-Where did you put the car keys?
-Oh, I ________ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ______ in. A. remembered ; come B. remembered ; was coming
C. remember ; come
D. remember ; was coming
6、-How can I apply for an online course?
-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.
A. see
B. are seeing
C. have seen
D. will see
7、I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
8、-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
-Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming
B. will come
C. had come
D. have come
9、-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?
-Who _______ it?
A. writes
B. has written
C. wrote
D. had written
10、The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I __________ in many worse hotels.
A .was staying
B stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
B档（提升精练）
11、No decision __________ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A. will be made
B. is made
C. is being made
D. has been made
12、Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.
A. came
B. was coming
C. had come
D. would come
13、The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A. treated
B. were treated
C. would treat
D. would be treated
14、When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ___ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging
B. had hung
C. hung
D. would hang
15、John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ___ with them to school.
A. took
B. had taken
C. were taking
D. would take
16、In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words .
A. are dropped
B. drop
C. are being dropped
D. have dropped
17、-I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
-But our friends for us.
A.will wait
B. wait
C. have waited
D. are waiting
18、-I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
-Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A.hadn't made
B. wouldn't make
C. don't make
D. haven't made
19、It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done
B. did
C. would do
D. were doing
20. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the rooms_____.
A.Are being pained
B. Are painting
B.C. Are painted D. Are being painting
成长足迹
课后检测
学习顾问（课程顾问）签字：负责人签字：教学主管签字：主管签字时间：
1. — Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs ________． — Sorry, mum. I'll do it at once. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned 2. —“Frog”，Mo Yan's latest novel, please! — Sorry, it ________ just now. But it will come out again soon. A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out 3. --- Who designed this game? --- It _______ by Tom in 1999. A. is designed B. designs C. was designed D. designed 4. —Do you know Earth Day? —Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet. A. sets up B. set up C. is set up D. was set up 5．A lot of trees _____around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air now． A．were planted B．are planted C．will plant D．are planting 6. Lots of food a nd water _______ Ya’an, Sichuan Province immediately after the earthquake happened. A. were sent B. are sent C. send D. SENT 7. Many buildings in Lushan ____ in the earthquake on April 20th. It will surely be reconstructed(重建) more beautifully. A. have destroyed B. are destroyed C. were destroyed D. are destroying 8. The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it ______. A. is played B. plays C. will be played D. will play 9. —Excuse me, sir, smoking _________ in the gas station. — Oh, I'm really sorry. A. doesn't allow B. isn't allowed C. aren't allowed 10. —It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river. —I think a bridge _________ over the river. A. should be built B. should build C. will build D. has built 11. —Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given 12. Each year quite a lot of food ______ around the world. It’s really time for us to do something. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted C. will be wasted 13. Thanks to the internet, different kinds of information ________in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned 14. It is reported that Daimiao Culture Square _______ in Taian next year. A. will be built B. were built C. have built D. will build 15. —You bought a new car! An American car? —No. A Chinese car. It ______ in Taizhou. A. makes B. made C. was made D. will be made 16. Chinese ________ by the largest number of people. A. speaks B. speak C. is spoken 17. With the help of the people around China, many beautiful new buildings _________here and there in the earthquake-hit area in Sichuan.
英语中的十六种时态 （1）一般现在时 基本形式（以do为例）：第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语＋don't/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us？ Yes， he does.
No， he doesn't What does he do for us？ He works for us. （2）一般过去时 be动词＋行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not；was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如： Did he work for us？ He didn't work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do； 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式，be to+动词原形，be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子！！ (4)过去将来时 be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形
最新被动语态(完整版) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.” A．could have been rewarded B．must have been rewarded C．should be rewarded D．need have been rewarded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：金庸去世了，至于他的成就，有这样的评论：他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予；B. must have been rewarded一定被授予；C. should be rewarded应该被授予；D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境，A选项正确。 【点睛】 could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”，也可以表示对过去动作的推测，常可译为“可能（已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖，但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。 2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6．过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 7.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ①be动词
英语的16种时态 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 1. 一般现在时 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging 都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
一般现在时：V（含单三） 被动：be P.P = be P.P ●一般过去时及其被动语态 一般过去时：V-ed 被动; be P.P = was/were P.P ●一般将来时及其被动语态 一般将来时：will/shall Vr 被动：be P.P = will/shall be P.P ●现在进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 进行：be V-ing 现在进行时：be V-ing 被动：be P.P = be being P.P
现在：V 完成时：have/has P.P 现在完成时：have/has P.P 被动：be P.P = have/has been P.P ●现在完成进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 现在完成进行时：have/has been V-ing 被动：be P.P = have/has been being P.P ●过去进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 进行：be V-ing 过去进行时：was/were V-ing 被动：be P.P = was/were being P.P
过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 过去完成时：had P.P 被动：be P.P = had been P.P ●过去完成进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 过去完成进行时：had been V-ing 被动：be P.P = had been being P.P ●将来进行时及其被动语态 将来：will/shall Vr 进行：be V-ing 将来进行时：will/shall be V-ing 被动：be P.P = will/shall be being P.P
被动语态各时态构成表 TENSE 主动语态被动语态 一般现在时be+V.\V.s am\is\are+V(p.p) 一般将来时will\be going to+V. will be +V(p.p) 现在进行时am\is\are+V.ing am\is\are+being+V(p.p) 一般过去时①was\were② V.ed was\were+V(p.p) 现在完成时have\has+V.p.p have\has+been+V(p.p) 过去完成时had+V.p.p had+been+V(p.p) 过去进行时was\were+V.ing was\were+being+V(p.p) 情态动词情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+V(p.p) 被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀： 一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。下面就来介绍被动语态复习的"三步曲",来帮助大家掌握这个语法项目。 第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下: 8种常用时态的被动语态 由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。 (2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。 (3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 (4) 过去进行时：was/were being +过去分词。如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。 (5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 (6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如： The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。 (7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如： This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 (8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。 （9）含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如: Y our homework must be handed in today. 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范: 主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语谓语动词宾语其余部分 被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分 在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。 第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1.含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种： 一. 一般现在时用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sund ays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二. 一般过去时用法： A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就
动词的时态 在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态. 英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write 为例) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach 为例) 英语被动语态讲解 语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如：They built the bridge. 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 write writes am is writing are has written have has been writing have 过去 wrote was writting were had written had been writing 将来 shall write will shall be writing will shall have written will shall have been writing will 过去将来 should write would should be writing would should have written would should have been writing would 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is taught are am is being taught are has been taught have 过去 was taught were was being taught were had been taught 将来 shall be taught will 过去将来 should be taught would
动词16个时态 一、一般现在时 1.概念：表示经常发生的情况；有规律出现的情况；总是发生的；和事实真理。 2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…），once a week(day, year, month…），on Sundays（on Mondays …）， 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + no t + 其他；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时， 还原行为动词。 6.例句：It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。 Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他；在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。 三、一般将来时 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…），soon, in a few minutes, by…，the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：主语 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它；主语 + will/shall + do + 其它 4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are not going to do ；主语 + will/shall not do + 其它 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、一般过去将来时 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：The next day (morning \, year…），the following month(week…），etc.
TENSE 主动语态被动语态 一般现在时be\do\does am\is\are+done 一般将来时will+do will be +done 现在进行时am\is\are+doing am\is\are+being+done 一般过去时①was\were ②did was\were+done 现在完成时have\has+done have\has+been+done 过去完成时had+done had+been+done 过去进行时was\were+doing was\were+being+done 情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done 一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变 例：１、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 ２、主动：People regard him as brilliant. 被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。 1、边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 2、直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。 A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 3、有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。 A note was passed up to the speaker.
英语16种时态及例句 ★动词的五种基本形式：1.动词原型（V.） 2.第三人称单数（V-S） 3.现在分词（V-ing） 4.过去式(V-ed) 5.过去分词(V-ed) 例词be is being was/were been 例如 study 一般时进行时完成时完成进行时 现在I study English everyday.I am studying English now.I have studied English in several different countries. I have been studying English for ten years. 过去Two years ago, I studied English in America. I was studying English when you called yesterday. I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S. I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U.S. 将来I’m going to study English next year. I will be studying English when you arrive tonight. I’m going to be studying English when you arrive tonight. I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. I’m going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive. 过去将来 I would study English the next day. I would be studying English that night. I should have studied English harder before I failed to pass the exam S hould have been studying would have been studying ★被动语态变化：即把表一里的动词V 用be动词的对应形式代替+ 动词的过去分词(v-ed) 例：一般将来时：Will+ V 的被动语态：现在进行时be+ V-ing 的被动语态 Will+ be + 过分be+ be-ing + 过分
现在完成时的被动语态 语法点拨 概念引入 Over time I have been changed quite a lot Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 语法讲解 【高清课堂B2U2语法：被动语态】 Ⅰ被动语态的概念 1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。 例如：上句可变为 _Chinese is spoken by many people. 为什么要用被动语态？ a)当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如: The meeting was put off. My car has been moved. b)动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。 The ceremony was reported in the news last night. If you break the school rules, you will be punished. c)当动作的执行者是“people”或“one” 时。 He is believed to have invented the computer. Advertisements are seen everywhere. d)修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称 II. 被动语态的各种时态 1.一般现在时： 2. 一般过去时： 3. 一般将来时： 4. 现在进行时： 5. 过去进行时： 6. 现在完成时： 7. 过去完成时： 8. 过去将来时： 边讲边练：翻译句子 1. 全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 2. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。 People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
6种常用时态的被动语态姓名： 由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。时间标志词：everyday/often/usually/如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。 (2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。时间标志词：yesterday/just now/ago 等。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。 (3)一般将来时：will be +过去分词。时间标志词：tomorrow/next week等。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 (4) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。时间标志词：now等如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 (5)过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。时间标志词：just then等如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。 (6)现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。时间标志词：so far等如： This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
二、不能用被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词没有被动语态 因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等： A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。 2. 某些静态动词不用于被动语态 英语有些静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不能变为被动语态： My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。 3. 宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子不能转换成被动语态： We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 三、英语主动表被动用法归纳
时态语态总结 说明： 1. 英语有16种时态，其中常见的有10种； 2. 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时四种基本时态均有被动语态。 3. 现在进行时、过去进行时有被动语态，而将来进行时和过去将来进行时没有被动语态。 4. 现在完成时、过去完成时有被动语态，将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构。 5. 完成进行时均没有被动语态（包括现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进行时）。 注意：填充单元格为不常用时态。 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时 Do ；does 一般过去时 Did 一般将来时 will do ；be going to 过去将来时 would do 被动语态 Be done Was/were done Will be done Be going to be done Would be done 进行 现在进行时 be doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 过去将来进行时 Would have done 被动语态 Am/is/are being done was/were being done 无被动语态 无被动语态 完成 现在完成时 Have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来完成时 Would have done 被动语态 Have/has been done had been done 很少使用被动语态 很少使用被动语态 完成进行 现在完成进行时 Have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 Had been doing 将来完成进行时 Will/shall have been doing 过去将来完成进行时 Would have been doing 被动语态 无被动语态 无被动语态 无被动语态 无被动语态