2016年福建省泉州市中考英语试卷
一、听力（共两节，满分分）（一）第一节（共5小题：每小题分，满分分）听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图中选出与句子意思相符的图．，每个句子读两遍.
1．
2．
3．
4．
5．
第二节（共7小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面七段对话，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．前六段对话读两遍，第七段对话读三遍.
6．听第一段对话，回答第6小题
6．where is the man from？
A．Britain
B．Germany
C．Canada．
7．听第二段对话，回答第7小题．
7．what will Jim do for the art festival？
A．Put on a play
B．Perform magic tricks
C．Play the violin．
8．听第三段对话，回答第8小题
8．The boy likes best．
A．Sports Shows
B．World Tour
C．News Reports．
9．听第四段对话，回答第9、10小题．
9．They want to play this morning．A．soccer
B．baseball
C．tennis
10．Betty's violin lesson doesn't finish until．
：30
：45
：00．
11．听第五段对话，回答第11、12小题．
11．Mary gives some advice on studying．A．Japanese
B．Fren ch
C．English
12．How many pieces of advice does Mary give？
A．Two
B．Three
C．Four．
13．听第六段对话，回答第13﹣15小题
13．What does the woman probably do？
A．A reporter
B．A cook
C．A nurse
14．The man's hometown lies in the of England．A．east
B．south
C．north
15．The man's hometown is．
A．big and busy
B．small and awful
C．small and busy．
16．听第七段对话，回答第16﹣20小题
16．Lily is now．
A．making a list
B．writing a letter
C．designing a poster
17．Lily will buy some food for the．
A．school field trip
B．family get﹣together
C．graduation party
18．Jack often shops at Cost Less because．
A．it is not crowded
B．The salespersons are kind
C．the things are cheap
19．What's the weather like？
A．It's raining
B．It's snowing
C．It's sunny
20．How will they go to the supermarket？
A．On foot
B．By bike
C．By car．
第二部分语言知识运用选择题（共三节，满分15分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳答案.
21．﹣Is thatapple tree？（）
﹣Yes．My father planted it in 2008．
A．a B．an C．the
22．﹣The water in the glass is sweet．Did you put anyin it？（）
﹣Yes．I added some to it just now．
A．sugar B．salt C．oil
23．﹣This camera is too expensive．Do you have any others？（）
﹣Sorry，but that's t heone．
A．biggest B．longest C．cheapest
24．It is necessarypeople to have food and water every day．（）
A．of B．for C．with
25．﹣3﹣D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours．
﹣Itamazing．It's my first time to get to know this．（）
A．sounds B．smells C．tastes
26．﹣How is Lily in the new school？（）
﹣She is doing very well．There isto worry about．
A．nothing B．something C．anything
27．Last week the old booksto raise money for Free the Children．（）
A．sold B．are sold C．were sold
28．﹣Sir，would you mind speaking a little more？
﹣Of course not．I thought you could follow me．（）
A．quickly B．slowly C．politely
29．We teenagers shouldthe old and offer our seats to them on buses．（）
A．laugh at B．depend on C．care for
30．﹣Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3，Kelly？
﹣Not yet．Iit with my classmate tonight．（）
A．will watch B．was watching C．have watched
31．Jane Peter is warm﹣hearted．They're popular with our class．（）
A．Both，and B．Not only，but also
C．Neither，nor
32．﹣What's wrong with Judy？She has been absent for two days．
﹣Oh，shebe ill．Let's go to ask Mr．Green．（）
A．may B．need C．would
33．he was very tired，he continued working in his office．（）
A．Because B．Since C．Although
34．﹣Could you tell me？
﹣Talking about Picasso's Works Show．（）
A．when they are playing B．what they are doing
C．where they are going
35．﹣I hope I will win the English speaking competition tomorrow．
﹣（）
A．What a pity! B．Congratulations!
C．Good luck to you!
第二节完形填空（共10题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案．
36．Dear Mum，
I have studied abroad for some time．I miss you very much now．
I（36）learned the famous saying"You don't know what you've got until it's gone．"Yes Miss Li said her math teacher made a huge difference in her life．But she was（37）because she had no chance to tell her teacher．This made me think a lot，especially （38）I'm thousands of kilometers away．I'm writing to you because I want you to know how （39）I love you．
It's said that a （40）happiness was mostly because of their childhood．That's quite right．I still rememb er the times when you（41）my hand as we walked along．You told me stories about the brave elephant and encouraged me to be a（42）girl．…My childhood was filled with these warm memories．
How time flies!There have been good times and bad times，but you were always by my side．When I won a prize，you smiled and felt proud （43）me．When I failed an exam，you comforted me．You always gave me courage to （44）all my difficulties．
You've always said that we should judge （判断）people's （45）by how they live their lives every day．I think I'm now living a happy life．Thank you，Mum．
Love，
Feifei 36．A．once B．never C．hardly
37．A．happy B．calm C．sad
38．A．why B．when C．which
39．A．much B．early C．little
40．A．mother's B．person's C．teacher's
41．A．beat B．showed C．held
42．A．funny B．confident C．beautiful
43．A．of B．with C．to
44．A．carry out B．keep on C．deal with
45．A．looks B．ages C．success．
第三节补全对话（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话．
46．
A．What is it？
B．That's great．
C．Oh，to buy DVDs？
D．You are welcome．
E．But where is the bus stop？
Ann：What are you going to do this afternoon？
Ken：I'm going to buy some DVDs about Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road．
Ann：（46）Why not go to the Film Fans'Room？
Ken：The Film Fans'Room？（47）
Ann：It is a place where students can exchange their DVDs with others．I think you can get what you want there．
Ken：（48）How can I get there？
Ann：It's next to Donghu Cinema．You can take the bus．
Ken：OK．．
第三部分阅读理解（A、B、C、E篇每小题10分，D篇每小题10分，满分10分）
51．Siena is an old city in the north of Italy．It began with a group of people living on its hills over 2，900 years ago．Around the year 1100，Siena became an important business center in Italy．In 1472，the first bank of the world was built in this city and has been doing business ever since．
Today Siena is famous for keeping its"old face"．For example，its city walls，which helped keep the city safe in the past，are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before．Also，many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo，the most important meeting place of the city．Few things have really changed in this center of public life for hundreds of years．Now people still go to the open space for sharing news，shopping，or playing sp orts．There is one more thing that helps keep Siena's old face：cars cannot enter the city most of the time．
True，Siena is old，but it's beautifully old．People are welcome to visit this beautiful city and walk into the past．
根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂（A），错的涂（B）．
51．The old city，Siena，began more than 2，900 years ago．
52．Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today．
53．People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well．
54．Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo．
55．Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena．．
B、C两篇，根据短文内容，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案.
56．There were three big fish in the lake．One of them，Demo，was wise；another one，Jimmy，was half ﹣wise；Martin，the third one，was stupid．
Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets．The three fish saw them．
Demo decided at once to leave，to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean．He thought，"I won't discuss with these two about this．They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on．How silly they are!They still haven't realized we are in great danger now．Their ignorance will cost them their lives．"
Seeing the wise fish had left，Jimmy thought，"My guide has gone and now I've lost my chance to escape．"He felt sorry for it and then thought，"What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets？Perhaps I should pretend （假装）to be already dead，giving myself totally to the water．"So he did that．He went up and down with the water，helpless，within arm's reach of the fishermen．
"Look at this!The best and biggest fish is dead．"One of the men lifted him by the tail，and threw him up on the ground．He rolled （滚动）over and over and moved secretly toward the water，and then，back in．
The third fish was aimlessly jumping about，trying to escape with his speed and cleverness．The net，of course，finally closed around him，and as he lay in the hot frying﹣pan bed，he thought，"If I get out of this，I'll never live again in the limits of the lake．Next time，the ocean!I'll make it my home．"
56．The passage is a
A．diary
B．story
C．notice
57．The underlined word"ignorance"in the passage means""in Chinese．
A．冲动
B．勇气
C．愚昧
58．Jimmy thought that he could escape from the fishermen by．
A．traveling to the ocean
B．pretending to be dead
C．jumping here and there
59．Who was caught by the fishermen at last？
A．Demo
B．Jimmy．
C．Martin．
60．What can we learn from the passage？
A．It is important to make proper changes in time．
B．Good chances are always given to the honest．
C．The stupid can also succeed with great efforts．
61．What would the world be like if cars could drive themselves？Imagine seeing an empty car passing by on its way to pick up its owner，or a car full of passengers who are reading，listening to music or even sleeping．But none of them are worried about the road ahead．
Well，all of this could be the future of driving．There are several companies，including Google，working on driverless cars．So far，no Google self﹣driven car has gotten a traffic ticket，but some of them have been in accidents when other cars hit them．
These cars are now still in the testing stages．But，if the tests are successful，these electric self﹣driven cars could be put into use very soon．
The cars already have many features （特点）allowing them to take the place of drivers during certain situations．Some features include cars being able to park themselves，or slow down when they notice objects close by．They can also control the speed if there are dangerous conditions．
Scientists and engineers believe，with the help of wireless （无线电的）signals，cameras and GPS，we are now at a stage where creating a safe self﹣driven car might be possible．
The cause of deadly road accidents is usually careless drivers or dangerous conditions．The self﹣driven car may be able to prevent these．However，some people do not like the idea．American lawyer Whit Drake，for example，doesn't believe these cars are safe．He thinks that technologies can also be mistakes．61．The main purpose of the first paragraph is to．
A．make readers wonder about self﹣driven cars
B．get readers to pay attention to road safety
C．tell readers to keep away from heavy traffic
62．The testing self﹣driven cars need energy to run．
A．solar
B．nuclear
C．electric
63．From the passage，we know that the testing self﹣driven cars can already
A．avoid being hit by other vehicles on roads
B．control the speed in dangerous situations
C．turn around when getting near objects
64．What might make the self﹣driven cars run safely according to the passage？
a．e﹣reading
b．wireless signals
c．cameras
d．GPS
A．a，b，c
B．a，b，d
C．b，c，d
65．What is Whit Drake's attitude （态度）toward the safety of the self﹣driven cars？
A．He has doubt about it．
B．He believes it completely．
C．He doesn't care about it．
66．根据短文内容，将方框里A﹣E五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使内容完整、正确
I always had a nice cup of tea every morning in my country in Indonesia．to order．"I thought she was making a morning joke with me．So I said，"Red tea，please．"With a very unfriendly face she asked me again，"Black or white tea，please？"（69）I didn't know what actually black or white tea was．I only knew that having tea is usually with or without sugar．
One day I had a cup of tea at the university tea room．I saw a lady drinking tea with milk in it．Then I asked her，"（70）"She smiled and said，"Yes，you can．"At that moment，I understood that black tea is no milk added and white tea is with milk．How big is the difference of having tea between Indonesian and Australian people!
A．I didn't say anything．
B．I jumped into the queue．
C．Would you like black or white tea？
D．Can I say that you are having a white tea？
E．It gave me a great feeling in the morning．
71．I'm Jane，from America．I can not sleep well and I always wake up several times during the night．I know for a fact that there are many other people who have trouble going to sleep，too．So，I've collected some advice I've received over the past few months that have not only helped me get to sleep faster，but helped me get better night sleeps．
Have regular sleep habits
Go to bed at the same time every night．Try not to break this habit on weekends when you may be made to stay up late．Wake up at the same time every day．If you're getting enough sleep，you should wake up naturally without an alarm．
Turn off your computer
Don't play on the computer for half an hour before you decide to sleep．Studies show that it is bad for the quality of your sleep．Read a book or listen to some light music to prepare your body for sleeping．
Have a nice bedroom
A clean environment helps people to be happy and relaxed．Make sure that you have turned off all light that might come into your room，and that the temperature is comfortable．
Exercise often
Exercising will help you to fall asleep more easily，so walk out for 45 minutes every day and you will sleep better at night．But don't do it just before you go to bed﹣you won't be able to sleep!
Eat properly
Eat only a little for supper．A full stomach may make it much harder for you to sleep．
任务型阅读：根据短文内容，填写下列表格，每格只填一词．
Advice on How to （71）Well
Have regular sleep habits Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day．
Get （72）sleep and you'll wake up naturally．
Turn off your computer Don't play on the computer for a long time．
Try to a read a book or listen to light music（73）you go to sleep．
Have a nice bedroom Keep your bedroom clean．It will make vou （74）and relaxed．Turn off all light that might come into the room．
Exercise often Go out for a （75）every day for sleeping better．
Eat properly It's much （76）for you to fall asleep if you only eat a little for supper．
第四部分语言知识运用填写题（共三节，满分4分）第一节词汇运用（共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分）选择括号内恰当的单词填入空白处，使句子完整、正确.
77．（What/How）a heavy stone!
78．February is the（two/second）month of a year．
79．﹣Wh ose home is（far/farther）from school，Alice's or Daisy's？
﹣Alice's，I think．
80．We must try（our/ours）best to protect plants．They're important to human beings．
根据音标或汉语提示，写出单词或词组的适当形式，使句意完整、正确.
81．The new hotel will be built/bi'said/the river．
82．Last year Susan gave a/'flau?/to Ms．Lu on Teachers'Day．
83．﹣Could you pass me those（盒子）？
﹣Certainly．Here you are．
84．Telescopes are（有用的）．We can look at the universe through them．
85．﹣We'd better book a standard room before we set off．
﹣I（同意）with you．
86．It was a difficult time for them，but they didn't（放弃）their hope．
第二节遣词造句（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
87．根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子．
face，now．
88．根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子．
collect，fun．
89．根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子．
make，wood．
90．根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子．
find，ground．
91．根据提供的图画和提示词，写一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子．
break，fine．
第三节综合填空（共1小题；每小题5分，满分5分）根据短文内容，选择方框内的单词，并用其适当的形式填入空白处，使短文意思连贯通顺、语法正确．
92．
like why bird usually discover
Do you have a dog，a cat or a bird at home？Do you watch them carefully？
Sientists have found that cats，dogs，（92）and even goldfish are left﹣handed or right ﹣handed．These scientists work in Queen's Belfast University．They said that pets are left﹣handed or right ﹣handed（93）people．As we all know，it is important for animals to be good at getting food．Some like to get food with their right hands，but some like to get food with the left hands．That's （94）the animals are left﹣handed or right﹣handed．
The scientists have （95）that male cats and dogs are almost left﹣handed，and female cats and dogs are right﹣handed，because their work in everyday life is different．
People（96）think that left﹣handed people are better at languages；some even think that left﹣handed people are smarter．When it goes to animals，it makes animals act more quickly．
第五部分书面表达（满分15分）
97．暑假快到了，学校倡导同学们多读书、读好书、以阅读为乐，过一个有意义的假期．请你以"I'll Enjoy Reading in the Summer Vacation"为题，写一篇90词左右的英语短文与大家分享．
内容要点：
1、阅读的好处：了解世界；带来快乐；…
2、读书计划：寻找好书；用好时间；…写作要求：必须根据内容要点进行写作，并适当发挥．温馨提示：短文中请勿使用真实姓名、地点或所在学校名称．
I'll Enjoy Reading in the Summer Vacation
．
2016年福建省泉州市中考英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、听力（共两节，满分分）（一）第一节（共5小题：每小题分，满分分）听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图中选出与句子意思相符的图．，每个句子读两遍.
1．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
2．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
3．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
4．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
5．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
第二节（共7小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面七段对话，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．前六段对话读两遍，第七段对话读三遍.
6．听第一段对话，回答第6小题
6．where is the man from？
A．Britain
B．Germany
C．Canada．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
7．听第二段对话，回答第7小题．
7．what will Jim do for the art festival？
A．Put on a play
B．Perform magic tricks
C．Play the violin．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
8．听第三段对话，回答第8小题
8．The boy likes略best．
A．Sports Shows
B．World Tour
C．News Reports．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
9．听第四段对话，回答第9、10小题．
9．They want to play略this morning．
A．soccer
B．baseball
C．tennis
10．Betty's violin lesson doesn't finish until略．
：30
：45
：00．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
11．听第五段对话，回答第11、12小题．11．Mary gives some advice on studying略．A．Japanese
B．French
C．English
12．How many pieces of advice does Mary give？略A．Two
B．Three
C．Four．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
13．听第六段对话，回答第13﹣15小题
13．What does the woman probably do？略
A．A reporter
B．A cook
C．A nurse
14．The man's hometown lies in the略of England．A．east
B．south
C．north
15．The man's hometown is略．
A．big and busy
B．small and awful
C．small and busy．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
16．听第七段对话，回答第16﹣20小题
16．Lily is略now．
A．making a list
B．writing a letter
C．designing a poster
17．Lily will buy some food for the略．A．school field trip
B．family get﹣together
C．graduation party
18．Jack often shops at Cost Less because略．A．it is not crowded
B．The salespersons are kind
C．the things are cheap
19．What's the weather like？略
A．It's raining
B．It's snowing
C．It's sunny
20．How will they go to the supermarket？略
A．On foot
B．By bike
C．By car．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
第二部分语言知识运用选择题（共三节，满分15分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳答案.
21．﹣Is thatapple tree？（）
﹣Yes．My father planted it in 2008．
A．a B．an C．the
【分析】﹣那是一棵苹果树吗？
﹣是的，我父亲在2008年种的它．
【解答】答案：B．根据句意可知此处泛指一棵apple tree，表示一类事物，故可以排除C，又apple的首音素为/?/是元音音素，可排除A，故选B．
【点评】考查冠词的用法，注意元音因素（注意不是元音字母）开头单词前用an，辅音因素开头前用a．特指用the．
22．﹣The water in the glass is sweet．Did you put anyin it？（）
﹣Yes．I added some to it just now．
A．sugar B．salt C．oil
【分析】﹣玻璃杯里的水是甜的，你往里面加糖了吗？
﹣是的，我刚才加了一些．
【解答】答案：A
sugar糖；salt盐；oil油；根据The water in the glass is sweet．可知里面加的是糖，故选A．
【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．
23．﹣This camera is too expensive．Do you have any others？（）
﹣Sorry，but that's theone．
A．biggest B．longest C．cheapest
【分析】﹣﹣这个相机太贵了，你们有别的吗？
﹣﹣抱歉，这是最便宜的一个．
【解答】答案：C．
根据前面一句话：This camera is too expensive．Do you have any others？"这个相机太贵了，你们有别的吗？"推断答语的句意是"抱歉，这是最便宜的一个．"故选：C．
【点评】本题考查形容词的最高级，结合句意和比较范围，确定形容词的比较等级，三者以上比较，要用形容词的最高级
24．It is necessarypeople to have food and water every day．（）
A．of B．for C．with
【分析】人们每天进食喝水是有必要的．
【解答】答案：B
结合语境可以推测本句句意是"人们每天进食喝水是有必要的．"，从整体来看本题用的句型是：It's+形容词+of/for sb．+to do，由于本句中的形容词necessary修饰事而不是修饰人表示人的品格，所以用介词for，意为"对于"．故答案为B．
【点评】明确句意，掌握一些固定句型的用法是做好本题的关键．
25．﹣3﹣D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours．
﹣Itamazing．It's my first time to get to know this．（）
A．sounds B．smells C．tastes
【分析】在不到24小时内，3D打印能被使用建造一所房子．它听起来很神奇，这是我第一次了解这个．
【解答】答案A．sounds 听起来；smells 闻起来；tastes 尝起来．由句意：在不到24小时内，3D打印能被使用建造一所房子．能推断到是听起来神奇，而不是闻起来，尝起来，故选A．
【点评】考查系动词的辨析．根据系动词的语义特点，系动词可以分为以下几类：
1．状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词．如：
He was famous as a scholar．作为一位学者他很着名．
2．持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand 等．如：
Would you please keep silent a minute？可以请你安静一下吗？
3．表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这样的意思，主要有seem，appear，look等．如：
He seems to be asleep．他似乎睡着了．
4．感官系动词：用于表示感官的感受，主要有feel，smell，sound，taste等．如：
The rose smells sweet．玫瑰花香．
The cloth feels soft．这布摸上去很柔软．
5．变化系动词：用于表示主语变成什么样，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run等．如：
The affair becomes serious．事态严重．
As he grows older，he grows wiser．他年纪越大越有智慧．
Leaves turn brown in autumn．叶子一到秋天就黄了．
26．﹣How is Lily in the new school？（）
﹣She is doing very well．There isto worry about．
A．nothing B．something C．anything
【分析】﹣﹣丽丽在新学校里怎么样？
﹣﹣她做得很好，没有什么可担心的．
【解答】答案：A．
结合选项联系She is doing very well．可以推断设空处所在句子的句意是"没有什么可担心的．"，由于设空处缺少"没有什么"，所以不定代词nothing在本句中符合句意，故选A．
【点评】首先明确不定代词的基本用法，something用在肯定句中，anything用在否定句和疑问句中，nothing本身否定，然后结合句意便可做出正确的选择．
27．Last week the old booksto raise money for Free the Children．（）
A．sold B．are sold C．were sold
【分析】上周，为了给解放儿童组织筹钱，卖掉了那些旧书．
【解答】答案：C 根据Last week the old booksto raise money for Free the Children．可知这句话的主语是the old books，是动作的承受者，它和动词sold构成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态．根据last week．可
知事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态．一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词．主语是the old books，所以应该是were sold，故选：C．
【点评】主要考查被动语态，当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，应该用被动语态，本题考查的是一般过去时态的被动语态．一定注意其构成形式，一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词．
28．﹣Sir，would you mind speaking a little more？
﹣Of course not．I thought you could follow me．（）
A．quickly B．slowly C．politely
【分析】﹣﹣先生，你介意说得更慢一些吗？
﹣﹣当然不介意．我还以为你能跟上我呢．
【解答】答案：B．
首先明确选项中副词的意思，A：快地；B：慢地；C：有礼貌地；根据答语中的：I thought you could follow me．"我还以为你能跟上我呢．"推测问句的句意是"先生，你介意说得慢一些吗？"，由此判断句子中缺少"慢地"一词，故答案为B．
【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．
29．We teenagers shouldthe old and offer our seats to them on buses．（）
A．laugh at B．depend on C．care for
【分析】我们应该关爱老人，在公共汽车上为他们让座．
【解答】答案：C．
A．laugh at嘲笑B．depend on依靠C．care for关爱．根据offer our seats to them on buses，可知这里的意思在公共汽车上为老人让座，这是关爱老人的表现，care for关爱．故选C．
【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．
30．﹣Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3，Kelly？
﹣Not yet．Iit with my classmate tonight．（）
A．will watch B．was watching C．have watched
【分析】﹣﹣Kelly，你看了新影片《功夫熊猫3》了吗？
﹣﹣还没有．我和我的同学今晚将会看．
【解答】答案：A．
根据答语中时间状语tonight"今晚"可知，叙述的是在将来发生的事情，故用一般将来时态，一般将来时态的结构为will+动词原形，故选：A．
【点评】根据时间状语去判断事情发生的状态，从而选择应用恰当的时态．
31．Jane Peter is warm﹣hearted．They're popular with our class．（）
A．Both，and B．Not only，but also
C．Neither，nor
【分析】不仅Jane而且Peter都很热心肠，他们受到了我们班同学的欢迎．
【解答】答案：B
根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．首先根据后面一句They're popular with our class推断句子中提到的两个人都很受欢迎，排除C；再根据前面前面一句的be动词用了is排除A；前面一句话表达的意思是"不仅Jane而且Peter都很热心肠"，表示"不仅…而且…"用短语not only，but also，该短语连接并列主语时，谓语动词采取就近原则，故选B．
【点评】做这种题时，首先要根据语境及上下文确定考察范围﹣﹣连词；其次根据句意确定连词；再次根据选项中的连词意思即可确定答案．
32．﹣What's wrong with Judy？She has been absent for two days．
﹣Oh，shebe ill．Let's go to ask Mr．Green．（）
A．may B．need C．would
【分析】﹣﹣Judy怎么了？她缺席了两天了．
﹣﹣哦，她可能病了．让我们去问一下Green先生吧．
【解答】答案：A．
may可能；need需要；would将会．根据She has been absent for two days．可知这里说她缺席了两天了．
可以推断她可能病了．may可能；故选A．
【点评】本题考查了情态动词的用法．解答时注意理解句意以及所给选项的意思并作出正确选择．
33．he was very tired，he continued working in his office．（）
A．Because B．Since C．Although
【分析】虽然他很累，但他在办公室里继续工作．
【解答】答案：C．
根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据设空处前后句的句意"他很累，"和"他在办公室里继续工作．"，在这里两个句子之间存在一个相反的让步关系，although"虽然；尽管"，引导让步状语从句，符合句意．故选C
【点评】联系前后语境，在准确把握前后句关系的基础上，先推测出大体句意；再结合关键词利用其固定用法选出正确答案．
34．﹣Could you tell me？
﹣Talking about Picasso's Works Show．（）
A．when they are playing B．what they are doing
C．where they are going
【分析】﹣﹣你能告诉我他们正在干什么吗？
﹣﹣正在讨论毕加索作品展．
【解答】答案：B．
根据Could you tell me，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序．再根据Talking about Picasso's Works Show，可知这里表示的是正在讨论毕加索作品展，提问的话应该用what they are doing．故选B．
【点评】此题考查宾语从句．考生在答题时要注意"宾语从句必须采用陈述语序"，根据上下文语境确定合适的选项．
35．﹣I hope I will win the English speaking competition tomorrow．
﹣（）
A．What a pity! B．Congratulations!
C．Good luck to you!
【分析】﹣﹣希望我能赢得明天的英语演讲比赛．
﹣﹣祝你好运！
【解答】答案：C．
根据"I hope I will win the English speaking competition tomorrow"，可知说话人要参加比赛，当别人将要参加考试，面试等活动时，要祝福他们好运．A选项为"真遗憾！"．B表示"祝贺你"．C表示"祝你好运！"故选C
【点评】在把握话题和语境的基础上，针对对话的设空处，细读所提供的选项，认真分析它们之间的异同，依据有关情景内容，选择正确的答案．
第二节完形填空（共10题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案．
36．Dear Mum，
I have studied abroad for some time．I miss you very much now．
I（36）A learned the famous saying"You don't know what you've got until it's gone．"Yes Miss Li said her math teacher made a huge difference in her life．But she was（37）C because she had no chance to tell her teacher．This made me think a lot，especially （38）B I'm thousands of kilometers away．I'm writing to you because I want you to know how （39）A I love you．
It's said that a （40）B happiness was mostly because of their childhood．That's quite right．I still remember the times when you（41）C my hand as we walked along．You told me stories about the brave elephant and encouraged me to be a（42）B girl．…My childhood was filled with these warm memories．
How time flies!There have been good times and bad times，but you were always by my side．When I won a prize，you smiled and felt proud （43）A me．When I failed an exam，you comforted me．You always gave me courage to （44）C all my difficulties．
You've always said that we should judge （判断）people's （45）C by how they live their lives every day．I think I'm now living a happy life．Thank you，Mum．
Love，
Feifei 36．A．once B．never C．hardly
37．A．happy B．calm C．sad
38．A．why B．when C．which
39．A．much B．early C．little
40．A．mother's B．person's C．teacher's
41．A．beat B．showed C．held
42．A．funny B．confident C．beautiful
43．A．of B．with C．to
44．A．carry out B．keep on C．deal with
45．A．looks B．ages C．success．
【分析】亲爱的妈妈，
我已经在国外学习了一段时间了．现在我很想你．
我曾经学过一句名言"直到它消失，你才会知道你拥有什么．"李小姐说她的数学老师改变了她的生活．但是她很伤心没有机会告诉她的老师．这让我想了很多，特别是当我远在千里之外的时候．我给你写信就是想让你知道我有多么的爱你．
据说一个人的幸福是因为他的童年．那很对．我仍然记得你牵着我说散步的情形．你告诉我勇敢大象的故事并且鼓励我成为一个自信的女孩…我的童年充满了这些温暖的回忆．
时间过得真快啊！曾经有过美好的时光也有不好的时光，但是你总是在我的身边．当我获奖时，你微笑着为我骄傲．当我考试失败时，你安慰我．你总是给我勇气去面对所有的困难．
你总是说判断一个人成功与否是要看他每天过着怎么样的生活．我想我现在过着幸福的生活．谢谢你，妈妈．
爱你的，菲菲
【解答】36．A 考查副词．根据"Yes Miss Li said her math teacher made a huge difference in her life．But she was sad because she had no chance to tell her teacher．This made me think a lot"可知我是从李小姐这件事中
体会到了这句话的含义，也就是说我是曾经知道这个着名的谚语的．never和hardly都表示否定含义，故选A．
37．C 考查形容词．根据其后的"because she had no chance to tell her teacher"（没有机会告诉老师），可知李小姐是伤心的．故选C．
38．B 考查连词．根据"I'm thousands of kilometers away．"可知这是陈述句．其前不需要疑问词why和which．when可做连词，表示"当…的时候"．故选B．
39．A 考查量词．根据第一段中的"I miss you very much now．"，可知作者写这封信的目的就是让妈妈知道她有多么的爱他．much可表示动作的程度，表示"多"．故选A．
40．B 考查名词所有格．根据其后的"because of their childhood"（因为他们的童年），可知不是只有母亲和教师才会因为童年而感觉快乐．而是每一个人都是这样．故选B．
41．C 考查动词．根据本段开头的happiness，可知本段都是在回忆小时候的快乐时光．根据"my hand as we walked along"，可知是表示散步时握着我的手．握着为hold，因为是回忆，故应该用一般过去时．故选C．
42．B 考查形容词．根据其前的"brave elephant"（勇敢的大象）和"encouraged"（鼓励），可知母亲是让我成为自信的女孩．故选B．
43．A 考查介词．根据"felt proud"可知本处考查feel proud of sb．（因为某人而感觉自豪）．故选A．
44．C 考查动词短语．根据"You always gave me courage"（你给我勇气），可知其后的"to…all my difficulties．"是目的．给我勇气的目的是解决所有的困难．carry out为"执行"，keep on为"继续"．故选C deal with 解决．
45．C 考查名词．根据其后的方式"by how they live their lives every day"，可知这是判断一个人成功与否的．相貌和年龄一眼即可看到，无需根据日常生活来判断．故选C．
【点评】本题为一封女儿写给妈妈的信．每个题只有三个选项，这就比四个选项的要简单．要根据我们平时说话的习惯来判断．也要捉住整篇文章的"我想你，爱你，妈妈"这条主线．
第三节补全对话（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话．
46．
A．What is it？
B．That's great．
C．Oh，to buy DVDs？
D．You are welcome．
E．But where is the bus stop？
Ann：What are you going to do this afternoon？
Ken：I'm going to buy some DVDs about Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road．
Ann：（46）C Why not go to the Film Fans'Room？
Ken：The Film Fans'Room？（47）A
Ann：It is a place where students can exchange their DVDs with others．I think you can get what you want there．
Ken：（48）B How can I get there？
Ann：It's next to Donghu Cinema．You can take the bus．
Ken：OK．（49）E
Ann：There is one just outside Huaqiao University．You can get on the bus there．
Ken：Thank you very much．
Ann：（50）D．
【分析】这是一篇Ken和Ann的对话，主要谈论的是Ann告诉Ken如何去影迷之家与其他学生互换DVD．全文翻译如下：
Ann：你今天下午打算干什么？
Ken：我打算去买关于泉州海上丝绸之路的DVD．
Ann：去买DVD？你为什么不去影迷之家？
Ken：影迷之家？它是个什么地方？
Ann：它是个学生能互换DVD的地方．我想你在那里能得到你想要的影片．
Ken：那太好了．我怎么去那里呢？
Ann：它紧挨着东湖电影院．你可以乘13路公交车．
Ken：好的．但是车站在哪儿？
Ann：华侨大学外面就有一个．你可以在那儿乘坐公交车．
Ken：非常感谢．
Ann：别客气．
【解答】答案：
46、C 根据Ken：I'm going to buy some DVDs about Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road．可知Ken要去买DVD，故推知Ann询问Oh，to buy DVDs？"去买DVD？"并建议去影迷之家．故选C
47、A 根据上文Ken询问The Film Fans'Room？以及下文Ann的回答It is a place where students can exchange their DVDs with others"它是个学生能互换DVD的地方"可知Ken询问影迷之家是个什么地方即What is it？故选A
48、B 根据上文Ann：I think you can get what you want there"我想你在那里能得到你想要的影片．"可知Ann告诉Ken可以在影迷之家与别人交换DVD得到自己想要看到影片，可推知Ken听了会表示非常高兴说"太棒了"即That's great，故选B
49、E 根据上文Ann：It's next to Donghu Cinema．You can take the bus．可知Ann告诉Ken 乘13路公交车以及下文Ann：There is one just outside Huaqiao University可知Ann告诉Ken公交车站的位置，可推知Ken询问车站在哪儿，即But where is the bus stop？，故选E
50、D 根据上文Ken：Thank you very much可知Ken向Ann表示感谢，故Ann应回答不客气，即You are welcome，故选D
【点评】认真阅读试题背景，了解阅读材料的背景，话题，或主题，是完成此篇对话的关键所在
第三部分阅读理解（A、B、C、E篇每小题10分，D篇每小题10分，满分10分）
51．Siena is an old city in the north of Italy．It began with a group of people living on its hills over 2，900 years ago．Around the year 1100，Siena became an important business center in Italy．In 1472，the first bank of the world was built in this city and has been doing business ever since．
Today Siena is famous for keeping its"old face"．For example，its city walls，which helped keep the city safe in the past，are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before．Also，many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo，the most important meeting place of the city．Few things have really changed in this center of public life for hundreds of years．Now people still go to the open space for sharing news，shopping，or playing sports．There is one more thing that helps keep Siena's old face：cars cannot enter the city most of the time．
True，Siena is old，but it's beautifully old．People are welcome to visit this beautiful city and walk into the past．
根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂（A），错的涂（B）．
51．The old city，Siena，began more than 2，900 years ago．A
52．Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today．B
53．People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well．A
54．Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo．B
55．Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena．A．
【分析】全文大意：
Siena是意大利北部一座古老的城市．2900多年前，它由一群居住在这里一座山上的人创建的．大约在1100年，Siena成为意大利重要的贸易中心．在1472年世界上第一家银行在这座城市建成，至今还在运营．如今Siena由于保持完好的"旧面孔"而出名．例如在过去用来保护城市安全的城墙，现在有几百年的历史，看起来几乎和以前完全一样．一些古老建筑在Piazza del Campo随处可见．几百年以来很少有东西发生真正地改变．现在人们仍然去空地分享新闻、购物或进行体育活动．还有一件有助于它保持"旧面孔"的事情即大部分时间车辆不允许进入这座城市．的确Siena很古老，但是有一种古老的美．欢迎人们来参观这座美丽的城市，走进过去．
【解答】答案：
51、A 细节理解题根据第一段It began with a group of people living on its hills over 2，900 years ago可知Siena这座古老的城市创建于2900多年前，故判断正确，故填A
52、B 细节理解题根据第二段Today Siena is famous for keeping its"old face"．可知如今Siena 由于保持完好的"旧面孔"而出名结合题目Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today意为"如今，Siena由于拥有世界上第一家银行而出名"与原文不符，故判断该题错误，故填B
53、A 细节理解题根据第二段For example，its city walls，which helped keep the city safe in the past，are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before可知在过去用来保护城市安全的城墙，现在有几百年的历史，看起来几乎和以前完全一样．可推知城墙受到了很好的保护结合题目People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well"Siena的人们把古老的城墙保护得很好"与原文相符，故判断该题正确，故填A
54、B 细节理解题根据第二段Also，many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo可知一些古老建筑在Piazza del Campo随处可见结合题目Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo"在Piazza del Campo几乎看不到什么古老的建筑"与原文不符，故判断该题错误，故填B
55、A 细节理解题根据第二段cars cannot enter the city most of the time可知大部分时间车辆不能驶入这座城市结合题目Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena"大部分时间车辆不允许进入这座城市"与原文相符，故判断该题正确，故填A
【点评】本题考查的是一篇社会文化类的阅读理解．首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息和所给句子进行判断对错．
B、C两篇，根据短文内容，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案.
56．There were three big fish in the lake．One of them，Demo，was wise；another one，Jimmy，was half ﹣wise；Martin，the third one，was stupid．
Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets．The three fish saw them．
Demo decided at once to leave，to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean．He thought，"I won't discuss with these two about this．They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on．How silly they are!They still haven't realized we are in great danger now．Their ignorance will cost them their lives．"
Seeing the wise fish had left，Jimmy thought，"My guide has gone and now I've lost my chance to escape．"He felt sorry for it and then thought，"What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets？Perhaps I should pretend （假装）to be already dead，giving myself totally to the water．"So he did that．He went up and down with the water，helpless，within arm's reach of the fishermen．
初三英语期中考试试卷分析及总结 鹅公中学叶月平期中测试阅卷结束后我对英语试卷做了统计分析和调查结果表明英语成绩不够理想。在本次期中测试中我教初三1和4班英语共有2个班三1班共57人参加考试及格38人优秀7人最高分113最低分38三4共63人参加考试及格3人优秀0最高分86最低分17。一、试卷特点试卷紧扣教学大纲的要求着重考察了学生的基础知识以及在掌握知识的同时对基础知识的运用。试卷总体感觉不难但是从学生角度反应出试题具有较大的迷惑性要求学生能够排除干扰因素并且注意知识细节。二、本试卷在命题上的特点听力部分三大题考查了学生的理解日常英语的能力相当部分题目难以直接从录音对话中找到答案学生必须通过思考从词语释义、句意理解或段意理解等不同方式悟出正确的选择内容难度不大而且语速不快但部分学生本来基础知识欠熟练而且没有掌握好答题技巧也就是说没能按老师平时的要求在听录音前做到反复看透听力的题目所以答题反应慢而失分说明学生的听力理解能力还待提高。如单项选择题。试卷要求所有的考点都不是孤立地考语法知识而是将他们放在特定的语境中学生必须看懂题干的全部内容以后经过思考方能选出正确答案。一些中下层生失分多集中在语法方面。完型填空。大部分学生比平常测试的成绩要好一些上层生得分较高其中原因一是短文所描述的内容较容 易理解学生对这方面了解较多。阅读理解。第一、二篇短文内容较为简单所选的答题大体都能一目了然但7选5这题错的较多学生不能把握短文意思而且学生很多审题不清。书面表达。明显检查学生运用语言能力这是学生成绩差距最大的一题15分的题目差的只能得23分普通的一般是56分左右好的约910分关键是学生很多以汉语的思路来写作以至不能正确表达意思从中反映了学生句子结构还不熟练语言表达能力弱语法错误多的缺点。三、学情分析总的来说这次考试成绩不理想优秀率偏低尖子生还没有发挥水平低分较多两极分化的距离还没有缩少。通过整体的分析反映了学生在复习中基本上能领会课堂的要点要求一些知识点在堂上反复出现的掌握得较牢固但是运用这些知识去解决实际问题的能力较差这与课后的练习有关说明了部分学生对课后的练习作业不够重视、缺乏主动性而且解题的依赖性强缺乏独立的思考能力另外对于一些相关的语法知识和句子的构成学生的遗忘率也很高。四、今后的教学措施针对目前学生状况要提高成绩首先要端正学生思想态度在保证课堂质量的同时一定要确保课后的“自我消化”环节尤其是中上层学生只有通过练才能达到知识的巩固、才能学会灵活运用、才能发现问题查漏补缺、才能培养独立的解题能力。结合实际我们的具体计划第一、加强听力方面的练习在有可能的情况下多给学生开展听力训练。认真用好《初三英语听说训 练》平时组织学生定期训练真正提高学生的听力水平。第二、强化单词的记忆并结合目前的情况对优生及中上等的注意培养他们对一些多义词、兼类词的实际运用能力提高他们基础题的解题水平。第三、抓好语法的分类复习在此过程中就当前所暴露出来的弱点开展进行通过分析试题教会学生学会归纳知识并如何把识记的内容用于实践中第四、完形填空及阅读理解部分平时应加强训练同学们的答题速度及答题质量。有针对性地组织学生组织阅读训练期中考试后组织学生用好《初三英语读写训练》确保每周训练12次。第五、争取改变学生凭感觉做动词填空的方式。通过时态语态固定用法等培养学生动词填空的能力。第六、指导学生做好短文填词这一中考题型首字母填空是一项综合能力考查题要求学生能读懂短文然后选用恰当的词进行填空我们需要对学生进行方法指导并多做这类题目才能真正提高学生的能力。第七、书面表达是一个薄弱环节主要是学生组句的能力差语法漏洞多不会审题的原因所以在以后要重视对作文的评讲及优秀范文的分析。 扩展阅读：初三英语期中考试试卷分析及总结报告书 初三英语期中考试试卷分析及总结报告书 期中测试阅卷结束后，我们对英语试卷做了统计分析和调查，结果表明，我校英语成绩不够
2018年福建省初中毕业和高中阶段学校招生考试（A卷） 英语（A）试题 Ⅰ.听力（共三节，20小题；每小题分，满分30分） 第一节听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子内容相符的选项。（每个句子读两遍。） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 第二节听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。(每段对话读两遍) 听第1段对话，回答第6小题。 6. How was the weather yesterday? A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Hot. 听第2段对话，回答第7小题。 7. What are the speakers talking about? A. No littering B. No smoking. C. No smoking. 听第3段对话，回答第8小题。 8. Who made a speech at the ceremony? A. Susan. B. Bob. C. Betty. 听第4段对话，回答第9小题。 9. How long will the meeting last?
A. Two hours. B. Three hours. C. Five hours. 听第5段对话,回答第10、11小题。 10. Where does the woman want to go? A. A library. B. A restaurant. C. A supermarket. 11. Which bus will the woman take? A. No. 3. B. No. 5. C. No. 7. 听第6段对话，回答第12、13小题。 12. When did the woman come to China? A. In 2012. B. In 2013. C. In2014. 13. How does the man study Chinese? A. By listening to tapes. B. By joining a Chinese club. C. By reading Chinese magazines. 听第7段对话,回答第14、15小题。 14. Why did the man go to Beijing? A. To do business. B. To have a holiday. C. To see his parents. 15. What did the man do in Beijing? A. He met his friends. B. He went to the Summer Palace. C. He watched Beijing Opera.
2019年广东中考英语试卷分析 与2018年相比，今年的考试时间和考试题型方面都没有变化，但整体难度有所下降。试题紧扣课标、考纲，整体考点分布均衡，难易适中，贴近学生学生，联系社会热点，突出传统文化主题，考查英语运用能力，和近年高考英语考试趋势接轨。试题全卷卷面分值没有发生改变，具体题型和分值如下：
读写综合 5信息归纳5考查学生综合运用语 言知识进行信息归纳 和书面表达的能力 1书面表达，写作15 各题型及分值占比 ?听力理解?单项填空■完形填空?阅读理解■短文填空■读写综合 二.考点对应 单项选择 单项填空考点对应 题号考占 P八、、 教材位置话题31冠词八年级上册M9 专有名词 the Great wall 32数词（序数词）八年级上册M9 序数词前有限定词， 故不再加定冠词the 37连词七年级上册M5 33介词七年级下册M6With伴随 35代词七年级下册M1 learn sth. by on eself 自学36不定式八年级上册M5-M6 42情态动词八年级上册M10-M11can表能力 38被动语态（将来时）九年级上册M7-M9 有in the future 提 示 34最咼级八年级上册M2-M4 one of+形容词最高级39比较级八年级上册M2-M4关于5G的热点话题41现在完成时八年级下册M2-M4有时间状语“ fo叶
从以上表格可以看出，选择题整体考点分布均衡，考查的知识点趋于稳定，整体难度不大。 注重基础，注重与学生实际生活和社会热点相结合，体现了英语学科的核心素养，如第37题关爱地球，第38题大湾区大学，第39题5G手机，第40题无人驾驶汽车，第43题2019 北京园艺博览会。 1.2019 年的单项填空注重考查语法基础及语境的分析及理解，关注学生日常生活，突出语用性；紧扣时事热点，体现人文性和时效性。
2013年福建省泉州市初中毕业、升学考试 英语试题 第一卷 第一部分听力考查（30分） 第一节听句子：(10分) (A)从A、B、C三幅图画中选出符合句子内容的图画。(句子读两遍) (5分) (B)根据你所听到的句子，选择恰当的答语。(句子读两遍)(5分) 6. A. Me, too. B. Thank you. C. Not at all. 7. A. Sure. B. So do I. C. I'm full. 8. A. Well done! B. I'd like that. C. Much better. 9. A. Spring. B. Cartoon. C. Soccer. 10. A. Over 5,000 years. B. About 1.3 billion. C. Just in Asia. 第二节听对话： (A) 根据你所听到的对话，选择正确的答案。(对话读两遍) (15分) 听第一段对话，回答第11、l2小题：
11. Jack's hometown is in the of Sichuan. A. east B. west C. south 12. Where do Jack's parents work? A. In a restaurant. B. In a bank. C. In a supermarket. 听第二段对话，回答第l3、l4小题： 13. What kind of music does Tom like best? A. Folk music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music. 14. Kate enjoys collecting now. A. stamps B. coins C. dolls 听第三段对话，回答第l5、l6小题： 15. Mary can't go with John because she's now. A. playing tennis B. climbing hills C. doing her homework 16. What day is it today? A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday. 听第四段对话，回答第l7、18小题： 17. Where did Helen put her umbrella just now? A. In the desk. B. On the shelf. C. Behind the door. 18. What's Li Ming's favorite color? A. Green. B. Yellow. C. Blue. 听第五段对话，回答第l9、20小题： 19. Sally won the girls' . A. long jump B. 100-meter race C. high jump 20. What does Sally look like? A. She's tall with short hair. B. She's short with long hair. C. She's tall with long hair. 听第六段对话，回答第21、22小题： 21. When is the man leaving for Shanghai? A. On June 26th. B. On July 26th. C. On August 26th. 22. How much does he pay for the tickets? A. ￥980. B. ￥1,960. C. ￥2,940. 听第七段对话，回答第23—25小题： 23. What subject does Mr. Smith teach? A. Biology. B. History. C. Science. 24. Mr. Smith gave a lecture about last month. A. culture B. space C. customs 25. Why do the students like Mr. Smith's lessons? A. He's honest. B. He's confident. C. He's humorous. （B）听一段较长对话，回答第26—30小题。（对话读三遍） (5分) 26. The radio says it will be tomorrow. A. cloudy B. sunny C. rainy 27. Where will they have the party?
-- 中考英语试卷分析报告 陕西省基础教育课程改革实验区英语试卷依据教育部新颁 布的《英语课程标准》，陕西省初中毕业、升学考试说明和今年考生的实际情况命制。以反映九年义务教育的学科基本要求，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，促进学生全面和谐发展与综合素质的提升为目标。全卷体现了以人为本的思想，具有强烈的时代感，体现和谐社会的主旋律，紧扣当 前节能减排的话题。其次，严格依据初中英语教学大纲命题,在重视考察学生对基础知识和基本 技能掌握的同时,侧重考察学生在具体情境中运英语分析 和解决问题的能力,保持考试的连续性和稳定性?稳中有变 .
从我省英语教学实际出发,试题难易适度,题量适中。现就英语Ⅱ卷的试题及学生答卷情况具体分析如下： 一、完成句子，试题难易适中，考查全面，学生总体做的比较好， 经过大量的试卷分析。80℅的学生能明确试题考查的方向，能读懂句意。对第一小题place 填空的正确率比较高，经过对一定量试卷的分析，此题中各小题的正确率为： 题号单词正确率 80℅place 1 60℅fifth 2 50℅popular 3 60℅Will go 4 90℅laugh at 5 30℅sunny 6 40℅doctors 7 50℅friendly 8 30℅to be 9 50℅making mistakes 10
-- -- 由上表可见，学生对基础词汇掌握较好，但对词性变化掌握较差。也反 映出学生存在的问题不少。 1、学生对单词掌握不牢固，就前五道小题，学生能把单词选对，但 拼写有错误，其中字母顺序颠倒的情况比比皆是，影响得分。 2、书写潦草，U 和V 不分，C 和L 不分，也影响得分。 3、对词性不清。第七、八小题准确率低，许多学生不知道sun 和doctor 等词是名词还是动词，在词后乱加后缀，造成失分。 2 5 二、任务型阅读，共小题，每题分计10 分，该题难易适中，适 与大多数学生阅读理解并解答，此题考查了学生中美饮食
中考英语试卷分析报告 陕西省基础教育课程改革实验区英语试卷依据教育部新颁布的《英语课程标准》，陕西省初中毕业、升学考试说明和今年考生的实际情况命制。以反映九年义务教育的学科基本要求，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，促进学生全面和谐发展与综合素质的提升为目标。全卷体现了以人为本的思想，具有强烈的时代感，体现和谐社会的主旋律，紧扣当前节能减排的话题。其次，严格依据初中英语教学大纲命题,在重视考察学生对基础知识和基本技能掌握的同时,侧重考察学生在具体情境中运 英语分析和解决问题的能力,保持考试的连续性和稳定性,"稳中有变".从我省英语教学实际出发,试题难易适度,题量适中。现就英语Ⅱ卷的试题及学生答卷情况具体分析如下： 一、完成句子，试题难易适中，考查全面，学生总体做的比较好，经过大量的试卷分析。80℅的学生能明确试题考查的方向，能读懂句意。对第一小题place填空的正确率比较高，经过对一定量试卷的分析，此题中各小题的正确率为：
由上表可见，学生对基础词汇掌握较好，但对词性变化掌握较差。也反映出学生存在的问题不少。 1、学生对单词掌握不牢固，就前五道小题，学生能把单词选对，但拼写有错误，其中字母顺序颠倒的情况比比皆是，影响得分。 2、书写潦草，U和V不分，C和L不分，也影响得分。 3、对词性不清。第七、八小题准确率低，许多学生不知道sun 和doctor 等词是名词还是动词，在词后乱加后缀，造成失分。 二、任务型阅读，共5小题，每题2分计10分，该题难易适中，适与大多数学生阅读理解并解答，此题考查了学生中美饮食习惯与差异，以列表填空的形式让学生完成本篇阅读文章。问题设置不难，第一小题让写出文章的标题，此答案位于文章的第一句话，学生大多能找出原句来回答问题，正确率为95℅，尤其是第三小题错误率较高，题目要求对中美午餐的正规程度做以比较并填空回答，但许多学生答成对时间多少的比较，据抽查部分学生答卷显示，正确率为85℅，第五小题正确率为80℅，由此可见少部分学生对这篇难易适中的任务型阅读并没有完全理解，对问题答所非问。整个来看，任务型阅读的得分率还可以，整体接近90℅。 三、补全对话，是近年来考查的热点题型，属于半开放式题目，该题通过设置语境来完成对话，这是对学生语言能力的考察，具有较强的综合性。补全对话分为A）、B）两组来完成此题，A）是要求学生从方框中选出正确的句子填写在横线上，B）组则是要求学生根据对话的内容填写适当的句子。从答卷情况来看，A）组答题情况较为良好，从100份样卷的抽查结果看，5道小题的正确率为43.6℅，B）组写出适当的句子综合能力强，难度较大，答卷情况不容乐观，正确率只有36.7℅。问题主要在于对情景中对话不理解，对对话的语境理解不够透彻而导致失分。此题存在以下主要问题。
福建省泉州市中考真题 第二部分语言知识运用选择题（共三节，满分35 分）第一节单项选择（共15小题，每小题 1 分，满分15分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。（2016 年福建泉州）21．—Is that apple tree? —Yes, My father planted it in 2008. A. a B. an C. the 21. B 考查冠词 （2016 年福建泉州）22. —The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any ______ in it? —Yes, I added some to it just now. A. sugar B. slat C. oil 22. A 考查名词词义辨析。 （2016 年福建泉州） 23. —This camera is too expensive. Do you have any others? —Sorry, but that 's the ________ one. A. biggest B. longest C. cheapest 23. C 考查形容词词义辨析。
（2016 年福建泉州）24. It is necessary ____ people to have food and water every day. A. of B. for C. with
（2016 年福建泉州）25. —3-D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. —It ______ amazing. It 's my first time to get to know this. A. sounds B. smells C. tastes 25. A 考查系动词词义辨析 （2016 年福建泉州）26. —How is Lily in the new school? —She is doing very well. There is ____ to worry about. A. nothing B. something C. anything 26. A 考查不定代词。 （2016 年福建泉州）27. Last week the old books __ to raise money For Free the Children. A. sold B. are sold C. were sold 27. C 考查被动语态。28. —Sir, would you mind speaking a little more ? —Of course not. I thought you could follow me. A. quickly B. slowly C. politely 28. B 考查副词的辨析。 （2016 年福建泉州）29. We teenagers should __ the old and offer our seats to them on buses. A. laugh at B. depend on C. care for
2018年河南省中考英语试卷分析 庙街中学张玉婵 2018年河南省中考英语试题特点：今天中考英语试题重视对能力与逻辑思维的考查，降低了对语法的要求。试卷准确把握中考考点，较全面地考查了学生对英语基础知识的掌握情况及语言综合应用能力，尽量避免了为考点而机械设题，力求将知识点的考查放在一定的真实语境中，体现了语境设计，语篇设计与生活实际的结合。今天就从各个题型分析一下2018年河南省中招考试英语试题。 一单项选择题 单选题是对学生进行语法的掌握情况和语境的理解能力方面的考查。“注重基础，突出语境”是今年中考英语单选的一个显著特点。从考点分布上看，以词法考查为主，辅之以句法的考查，同时，强调语境的的理解。具体分布如下： 纵观整个试题，无论是对词法的考查还是对句法的判断，所展现给考生的都是地道的语言和完美的句子结构。因此，应加大对单选的训练力度，同时，掌握扎实的语法知识，模拟情景对话逻辑能力是重中之重。 二完形填空 完型填空试题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力，它要求学生以语篇语境为线索，通过阅读理解进行语意辨析的逻辑推理，综合运用所学知识，深入语境，辨析词义。学生要学会根据上下文线索及语境猜测词义，进行逻辑推理，选择出正确答案。今年的完形填空采用记叙文的问题，主要谈论了作者在父母的教育下一直诚实面对自己,却遇到了意想不到的尴尬和困惑。整篇文章没有生僻的
单词,中等难度,共考察动词3个，形容词一个，名词两个，连词两个，介词一个。解题的重点在于对整篇文章的理解和对必修生词的掌握程度。 三阅读理解 阅读理解试题是以考察捕捉具体信息为主，辅以一定的考查学生综合综合阅读理解能力的试题，包括考查学生的归纳分析能力，判断推理能力，归纳总结能力等。学生要想在阅读理解题中取得好成绩，必须平时多阅读不同体裁，题材的文章，加大阅读量和词汇的记忆，并掌握一定的阅读技巧，培养整体阅读能力。同时，要学会根据上下文及语境猜测词性，词义；还要善于思考总结。 今年的阅读体裁多变，信息量丰富，其中A篇是应用文，本题为主旨大意题,考察文章的出处。通读全文可知,四篇材料为青少年介绍了四种暑假可以参加的活动,并且每篇都给了网址和联系电话。B篇是记叙文，主要讲述了一名落砂机服务员在尽自己最大的努力服务好之后他却得到了与他的服务不相符的小费，10天后这群青少年写信解释原因并补出缺少的小费。具有极强的现实意义。C篇是说明文主要介绍北美Ramps这种植物。D篇是记叙文，以书信的形式向朋友进行一次欧洲游记说明。其中第43，47，48，49，51，52，53，56，57，59均为事实细节题，54题为推理判断题，50，55，60题为主旨大意题，58题为词义猜测题。 四词语运用 词语运用试题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高。考查范围均为《英语课程标准》中所列的语法项目，包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、连词数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识、习惯用语的考查，还强调篇章结构的理解。 本篇词语运用记叙文文体，很契合日常生活，对于动词名词形容词副词人称代词的词性特点和词义考察是重点，此外还涉及到基础连词和介词的考点，需要提醒大家的是，对于应该转换形式的实词要把正确的形式写到试卷上。 五补全对话 补全对话试题是通过设置语言环境，把语言知识升华到语言技能，旨在通过书面形式来考查学生熟练、灵活运用英语交际的能力，具有较强的综合性。今年的话题所涉内容比较广泛，语言逻辑，开放性强，问句和答句的结合，考察了实际运用英语语言的能力，重点在于对整篇对话的理解和对所学语法的掌握程度，5道题均可根据上下文推理得出。 六书面表达 今年的书面表达属于记叙文，仍然按照以往规律出题,以和“我”有关的人或事情为主题,但是今年不像之前主要写人或者写事,而是写“我居住”的地方,以What I like about where I live 为题目，表述你的生活环境。要求均已
2020年福建省中考英语试卷及答案 Ⅰ.听力第一节听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的、B、C三幅图中选出与句子内容相符的选项。（每个句子读两遍） 1.A. B. C. 2.A. B. C. 3.A. B. C. 4.A. B. C. 5.A. B. C. 第二节听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案（每段对话读两遍） 听第1段对话，回答第6小题。 6.Which sport does the man like? A.Baseball. B.Football. C.Basketball. 听第2段对话，回答第7小题。 7.Who is the woman going to travel with? A.Her friends. B.Her parents C.Her brothers. 听第3段对话，回答第8小题。 8.What did Peter draw? A.The flowers. B.The birds. C.The houses. 听第4段对话，回答第9小题。 9.Where is the woman going? A.To the hotel. B.To the airport. C.To the railway station.
听第5段对话，回答第10、11小题。 10.How much does the man pay for the tickets? A.$15. B.$30. C.$50. 11.When does the film start? A.At7:00pm. B.At8:00pm. C.At9:00pm. 听第6段对话，回答第12、13小题。 12.What is wrong with Tony? A.He has a cold. B.He has fever. C.He has a cough. 13.What does the doctor advise Tony to do? A.Take some pills twice a day. B.Do more exercise. C.Keep away from crowds. 听第7段对话，回答第14、15小题。 14.What is the relationship between the speakers? A.Mother and son. B.Teacher and student. C.Brother and sister. 15.What will Bill do next? A.Check the soccer score. B.Clean the phone screen. C.Put away the phone. 第三节听短文根据你所听到的短文内容，完成下面表格，每空填一词。（短文读三遍）Information about the Final Examinations Date From July16to July26. For students Arrive at school on time with school things,such as pencils,a17,For students an eraser and so on. For parent *Provide a18space for your child to study. *Make sure your child gets a good19and does not miss breakfast. *Please20your child's class teacher when you have any questions. Ⅱ.选择填空 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 1.The Chinese survey team remeasured（重新测量）Qomolangma successfully________May27,2020.
2017年中考英语试卷分析 纵观今年英语试卷，稳中有变，语法考查全面，难易适中；文章体裁多样，将知识、能力考查与情感价值观教育有机融合、无缝对接，体现了初中英语课程规范与中考说明的理念与要求，对今后的英语教案有着良好的指导作用。 (一)试卷结构 2017年中考与2016年河北省中考英语试卷结构总体保持稳定。试卷分卷Ⅰ和卷Ⅱ两部分。卷Ⅰ为选择题，卷Ⅱ为非选择题，共十一大题，总分为120分(听力部分30分，笔试部分90分)，考试时间为120分钟。和2016年相比，2017年的单项选择、词语运用分值有了较大变化。单项选择由15个调整为10个，分值也由15分调整为10分，词语运用由5个小题增加到10个小题，分值也由5分增加到10分，其他题仍然沿用2016年的分值分配，重点仍旧在主观题的考查即学生阅读，写作能力的考查。 (二)试卷特点 2017年试卷在保持难度稳定的原则下，在测试内容和测试方式上有所突破。试卷考点全、辐射面广，涉及语法工程中的37个小项，功能意念工程中的56个小项，话题工程中的65个小项。语法工程中的宾语从句，从单选调整到了连词成句，I think we should take a walk after supper.这在连续多年的考察中是大的突破，宾语从句在给出个人反应“Givea personal reaction”中语言作为工具的功能得以体现。 2．渗透文化品格，体现学科素养 试卷凸显学科特色，注重培养学生的英语学科综合素养。任务型阅读帮助
学生理解“感恩”文化内涵，吸收在感恩节餐桌上分享感恩的事例，吸取share something they are thankful for的文化精华，形成正确的价值观念，感恩生活，享受当下，从而培养对优秀文化的理解和认同。书面表达题以演讲稿的形式，引领学生深入思考，认识并接纳自我，充满希望地规划自己的未来，是整套试卷全面、客观评价考生在学科学习目标方面的较好形式。 3．以人为本，滋养学生心灵成长 试卷从立意和设题等维度，关注学生的心智成长和健康人格的发展。完形填空题通过小男孩摘玫瑰花被刺扎到的经历，体会“别人警告你再多次都没有你亲身碰壁让你印象深刻”。本题在文章的关键信息点设空，考查学生对文章主旨的理解；阅读理解C文通过蝴蝶未经破茧挣扎不能实现自我蜕变的现象，鼓励学生保持强大的内心，面对并克服困难方能做生活的强者。60小题要求学生在理解全文的基础上总结提炼文章主题，达到了“学中考，考中学”的育人目的。五篇文章都极具教育意义，可读性极强。我们仿佛又一次经历了人生的洗礼，内心充满了正能量，文章也对中学生未来的学习和生活有积极的指导作用。 (三)题型分析 1．听力部分 听力试卷的选材以口语材料为主，突出交际功能，考查学生获取信息、推理判断和正确应答的能力。 Ⅰ.听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。第1小题考查单词辨音，三个名词；16，17年中考都是三个名词。第2小题考查的是三个on短语，16年中考第3小题考查也是短语辩音；第3小题考查时间短语，16年中考第2小题考查
2016年福建省泉州市中考英语试卷 一、听力（共两节，满分7.5分）（一）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图中选出与句子意思相符的图．，每个句子读两遍. 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 第二节（共7小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面七段对话，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．前六段对话读两遍，第七段对话读三遍. 6．听第一段对话，回答第6小题 6．where is the man from？ A．Britain B．Germany C．Canada．
7．听第二段对话，回答第7小题． 7．what will Jim do for the art festival？ A．Put on a play B．Perform magic tricks C．Play the violin． 8．听第三段对话，回答第8小题 8．The boy likes best． A．Sports Shows B．World Tour C．News Reports． 9．听第四段对话，回答第9、10小题． 9．They want to play this morning． A．soccer B．baseball C．tennis 10．Betty's violin lesson doesn't finish until ． A.9：30 B.9：45 C.10：00． 11．听第五段对话，回答第11、12小题． 11．Mary gives some advice on studying ．A．Japanese B．Fren ch C．English 12．How many pieces of advice does Mary give？ A．Two B．Three C．Four． 13．听第六段对话，回答第13﹣15小题 13．What does the woman probably do？ A．A reporter B．A cook C．A nurse 14．The man's hometown lies in the of England．A．east B．south C．north 15．The man's hometown is ． A．big and busy B．small and awful C．small and busy． 16．听第七段对话，回答第16﹣20小题 16．Lily is now． A．making a list B．writing a letter C．designing a poster 17．Lily will buy some food for the ． A．school field trip B．family get﹣together
一、试卷总体特征: 本次英语考试，一共涉及了12个单元的内容。其中重点考察了7-12模块的基础知识和语法等项目。在试卷的问题设计上，增加了对学生阅读理解能力和语言运用能力的考查。 本次试卷共120分，参加考试人数529人。优秀人数271人，优秀率51.22%。及格率94.7%。不及格人数共28人。 二、试卷总体情况分析 1、听力部分 听力部分共15小题，每小题一分。其中，第四小题失分严重，因为图片不是很清楚。还有部分同学因为考试中出现的状况不能很好的调整心态，造成失分现象。但整体来说，听力部分较之前有所提高。 2、单项选择 单项选择共25小题。考查内容大部分是基础知识及课本中的重难点。绝大部分学生答题情况良好。其中24小题失分现象严重。本题考查you’d better 的用法，因为超出了学生所学范围，所以大部分学生不能给出正确答案。40小题失情况也较多。本题考查了NO 句型的祈使句用法，部分学生不能很好掌握。 3、完形和阅读 本次考试中完形短小精悍,题目难易适中，学生答题情况较好。但其中46小题出现错误较多。部分学生对电话响铃的准确表达掌握不好。同样，试卷中阅读理解题目简单，绝大多数学生都能给出正确答案。只有65小题部分同学十分严重，可能在A和B选择项中徘徊不定。 4、补全对话和完成句子 本次考试中补全对话答题效果最不理解想。原因在于所给出的选项中，A 选项that’s turn.出现错误，学生不理解。以至于给出了不正确答案。从这一情况也可以分析得出我们的学生应变能力非常差，在日常教学中我们要从心理和实践上给予帮主和练习。 5、综合填空 本次考试中，综合填空题失分现象有所好转。虽然考察的范围包
2014年福建省泉州中考试卷 第二部分选择填空（35分） （A）单项选择：从每小题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。（15分）21.－What’s your__________? －I like playing the violin very much. A.job B.address C.hobby 22.This T-shirt _________soft and comfortable. A.smells B.sounds C.feels 23.The book is mine.I wrote my name on its cover________. A.myself B.yourself C.himself 24.－Jack,we should walk more_________,or we’ll be late for class. －OK. A.quickly B.slowly C.carefully 25.－I can’t go out to play with you .I have much home work_________. －What a pity. A.do B.doing C.to do 26.－Where’s Mary? －I’m not sure.She _________be in the reading room. A.need B.may C.must 27.－Fred began to learn Chinese three weeks ago. －Really?He has________told me about it. A.ever B.never C.already 28.－I think_________is very necessary for us to learn a foreign language. －I agree with you. A.it B.this C.that 29.－Do you know the boy in blue? －Yes.I________him several times since last month. A.meet B.have met C.am meeting 30.The bag of rice is_________heavy that Tom can’t carry it.Let’s go and help him. A.very B.too C.so 31.－Do you believe there are many people________speak French in Canada? －Yes,I go that from a tour guide. A.who B.which C.where 32.－Peter has hurt his leg. －__________. A.It doesn’t matter B.Don’t worry about it C.I’m sorry to hear that 33.－Are you good at geography,Rose? －_________But I will try to learn it well this term. A.Not very good. B.Quite well. C.No problem. 34.－Will Tony win the English speaking competition? －___________He does best in English in our class. A.I am afraid not. B.I think so. C.It’s hard to say.
中考英语试卷分析与反思 一。宜宾市英语试卷的总体评价 今年的英语试卷体现了新课程理念，严格遵守《英语课程标准》（年版）和《宜宾市高中阶段招生考试命题指导意见》的要求。注重基础，强调能力，突出运用。着重考查了学生的综合语言运用能力，注意了初，高中英语学科知识的衔接。 二。试卷的基本情况 1. 试卷结构 基础卷包括：听力（20分），单项选择（15分），完型填空（10分），阅读理解（4篇，40分）。拓展卷包括：补全对话（七选五，5分），完成句子（10分），短文选词填空（8分），书面表达（12分）。 2. 试卷主要特点 （1）体现了新《英语课程标准》的要求 重视基础，强调语境。基础知识覆盖面广，注重语境创设；注重对学生语言知识和语用能力的考查；关注学生的学习（方法，过程，策略）和生活（情感，态度，价值观）。体现以人为本的人文情怀。 （2）重视语篇，突出能力，能力立意，强调语用 阅读理解部分体现了对阅读技巧的考查，语篇体裁，题材广泛，选材多样，贴近学生的生活实际。内容新颖，活泼，体现跨学科，跨文化意识。注重选取不同层次的文章，力争体裁，话题多样性，注重对学生思想，道德，情操的考查。注重引导初中教学和培养学生
的思维能力。 （3）思想鲜明，凸显教育功能 试题回归教材，贴近生活，关注社会，体现语用，注重创新，具有鲜明的思想性和时代性，具有较好的教育性功能。如：书面表达具有一定的开放性，贴近学生的生活实际，创设了真实的交际情景，让不同层次的学生有话可说。语言表达要求符合学生的英语实际应用水平，给学生提供了一定的思维空间和自由表达的机会，有利于考查学生的真实语言运用能力。 三。从学生答卷中反应出的主要问题 1. 从知识教学的角度看，课堂教学还不够扎实。忽视对基础知识的训练，导致有些学生在考试中出现单词拼写错误，基本的语法句型没掌握等现象。学生的逻辑推理能力，整体概括能力和综合运用语言能力比较弱。 2. 从能力培养的角度看，学生往往仅限于课内知识的学习，忽视了思维方法和知识形成过程的训练。在答题上存在“老师讲过没有，课本上有没有，练习做过没有”的思维定势，不会针对具体题目做具体分析，在一定的语境中运用语言的能力有待提高。 3. 从审题答题方法上看，在日常教学中缺乏必要的训练。 学生的审题能力和答题方法比较薄弱。表现在答题上有：审题不够认真，抓不住题目的中心和关键，答题时丢三落四，不够全面。 四。对今后教学工作的思考 1.夯实语言基础，强调语境运用。 通过阅读今年的试卷，我们可以感到试题对词