非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、现在分词和过去分词
I.概述
He pretended to be listening to the teacher attentively. (实行式)
This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的构成v +ing,
过去分词为v +ed。其否定式在其前加not,
分词句中可作定，状，补，表。
注意：不及物动词没有被动式
现在分词的非谓语形式
Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)
All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)
过去分词的非谓语形式
Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever.
Seen from the hill, the town looks nice.
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在实行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都能够作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分①作主语。在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②.动词不定式作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：
help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) 在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。
He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。
I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语（常置于名词之后）。
由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词，代词的宾语(ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
She is always the first to come and the last to leave..
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.
I found no one to play with.
④作状语
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒）(表目的)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)
She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：
able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit,
frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。
I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。
We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。
There is no choice but to go there.
There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.
2.现在分词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Not being able to use computer is a great barrier to his success. 不会使用电脑是他成功的一个巨大
的障碍
②作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home.
The man writing the note is my friend. (= The man who is writing the note is my friend.)
注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在实行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
③作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)
④作状语。分词作状语能够表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。
Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.（时间）
Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.（原因）
Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.（原因）
If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.（条件）
Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.（条件）The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.（结果）
He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.（伴随）
动名词
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常能够由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lee’s talking like that about other comrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
▲It is + useless+doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
▲There is no +point/sense in doing “…是无意义的”。.)
▲be on the point of + doing sth. when…“濒临，将要…”
He was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.
▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)
▲go + doing (绝大部分指运动和游戏)
He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. ▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have (great) difficulty (in) + doing sth
have trouble (in) + doing sth
have fun (in) + doing sth/
have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth
▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
3.过去分词在句中充当的成分
①.过去分词作定语
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
②过去分词作表语
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water （开水）fallen leaves （落叶）
newly arrived goods （新到的货）the risen sun （升起的太阳）
the changed world （变了的世界）
③过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词作with 短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
④过去分词作状语
1）表示原因
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
2）表示时间
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。
3）表示条件
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。
4）表示让步
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进了山洞。
注意：分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.
②“with或without + 名词或代词+ 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
③某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的
注：有些现在分词能够作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting,assuming,providing 等。
Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲
⑤关于there be 的非谓语形式：there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。
I often dream of there being a garden in front of my house.
2.作状语多用there being结构
There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myself．
There being no buses here, we had to walk home.
【非谓语动词专练】（一）
1.The next thing he saw was smoke ______. (rise)
接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来
2. More highways have been built in China, _ ____ travel form one place to another.(make)
中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，使得人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点
3.___________________, the tourists danced with the local people. (gather)
游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞
4.They use computers to__________________ （keep, run）
他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻
5.________________, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (realize)
Eric并没有意识到自己出于巨大的危险中，走向了森林深处
6.______________________, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(wait)
老人等候了半个小时，突然意识到他把支票忘在了车里
7.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____________ (cover)
野花好似一张柔软的桔色毯子，覆盖了沙漠8. ______________ other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(separate)
因为和其他洲隔离了很多年，澳大利亚拥有很多在世界上其他国家所不能找到的动植物
9.With many books ______________________，he became more and more famous.(come)
随着很多书的出版，他变得越来越出名。
10.______________________sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.(expose)
暴露于阳光下太久将对人的皮肤有害。
（二）
1.That book ________________________________ sells well. (worth)
那本很值得一看的书卖得很好。
2.Smoking is a major factor ___________________________ . (lead)
抽烟是导致癌症的主要因素。
3.To our great surprise, the scientist devote all his life to ____________ (观察太阳). (observe)
使我们吃惊的是，那位科学家一生都致力于观察太阳。
4.________(没完成) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (complete)
因为没完成那个项目，他们不得不在那儿再待两周。
5.The manager, ____________________(向我们表明) to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the
meeting room. (make)
那个经理，向我们表明他不同意我们的意见，然后离开了会议室。
6.The old man, _____________________(工作) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his
motherland. (work)
那位老人，在国外工作了20年，正在回国的路上。
7.___ , you’d better not go hiking. (consideration)
考虑到你的健康状况，你最好不要去徒步。
8. The book ___________ you was bought in the nearest shop. (belong)
属于你的那本书是在最近的商店买的。
9. Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one ______________ is the library.(repair)
城市里很多建筑需要修理，首先要修的是图书馆。
10. Yesterday my cousin____________________________on his way to school. (pick)
昨晚我的表弟在去上学路上遭遇扒手掏腰包了。
（三）
1 _______________________________ a jungle is a terrible.(lose)
在丛林中迷路是一件可怕的事
2._________________________ to the wedding, she had to stay at home alone.(invite)
没有被邀请参加婚礼，她只得独自呆在家里。
3Not ______________________, I turned to him for advice.(what)
不知道干什么，我向他征求8意见。
4 _________________________,he didn’t want to try again.(fail)
失败了三次，他不想在尝试。
5 _______________ his research, the professor paid little attention to his surroundings.(devote)
致力于他的研究，教授几乎没有注意到他周围的事物。
6 The man was caught _______________________.(steal)
这个人被抓从超市偷珠宝。
7 _________________, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(lose)
陷入沉思，他几乎撞到前面的车。
8 The boy couldn’t give the teacher a good reason for__________________________.(be)
这个孩子不能给老师他上学迟到一个好的理由。
9.I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems________________________________________ （remain）
我担心我们将不得不加班，因为还有一些剩下的问题要解决。
10 _________________________________,he found that one was more exciting.(compare)
那这部动画片和那部比较，他发现这个更激动人心。
（四）
1.______________________________ from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for other two weeks.(recover)
没有从手术中完全康复，病人被建议继续呆在医院两个星期。
2._______________________，he didn’t notice me enter the room.(absorb)
他专心读书，没注意到我走进房间。
3.That day many people came to the super iPhone store to mourn Steve Jobs, some ____________________carnations.(hold)
那天很多人去苹果超级体验店悼念乔布斯，其中一些人手里握着白色康乃馨。
4.When _______________________，we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(compare)
当比较不同文化时，我们常常注意差别而忽视了很多共同点。
5.Dina, __________________for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(struggle)
迪娜奔波几个月想要找一份服务员的工作，最终在一家地方广告社谋得职位。
6.I’m not sure if I can attend the wedding ceremony ____________________at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.(hold)
我不确定是否能参加明早八点举行的结婚典礼。
7.With my mind _________________，I am stressed out.(fill)
脑袋里充斥着如此多的工作，我压力巨大。
8._________________ in the Kooris for years, I decided to learn their language. (interest)
对古利人感兴趣多年，于是我决定学习他们的语言。
9.The weather report says the temperature is going to drop sharply. Do remember ______________________. (put)
天气预报说气温会大幅下降。记得多穿点衣服。
10.In most cases, customers can't help __________________ what they actually do not need. (persuade)
绝大部分情况之下，顾客们情不自禁地被说服去买他们实际上并不需要的东西。
(五)
1.It _____________, we all went swimming in high spirits. (be)
天气不错，我们兴高采烈地去游泳。
2.She stood there, ________________ from her cheeks. (roll)
她站在那儿，眼泪滑落脸颊。
3._________________, they were praised as national heroes.(on)
一返回,他们就被尊为名族英雄。
4.Three months later, however, Wang Lin was told about a health care project that provides treatment ___________________. (depend)
不过三个月后，王林被告知了一个按病人的需要提供治疗的健康保健项目。
5.As a senior 3 student, everyone of us is studying as hard as he can, ___________________ a key university. (admit)
作为一个高三的学生，我们每个人都在尽自己所能地努力学习，希望被重点大学录取。
6._________________ many times, I still don't know how to operate the computer and download information from the Internet. (tell)
虽然被告知了多次，我仍然不知道怎么操作电脑和从网上下载信息。
7.I never dreamed of _____________________________to study in the hospital.(there)
我从来没有梦想过有这样的机会去医院学习。
8.Instead of sending people, we can send robots ___________________and other tools to the
moon.(equip) 我们能够用装备计算机和其他工具的机器人去月球取代人。
9.I forgot _________________________because I was really occupied with the work.(advance) _我忘
记提前提醒你，因我工作太忙了。
10.____________________________,he paid no attention to things around him.(burry)
埋头读书，他没注意他周围的任何人。，
（六）
1.He is said __________________a new computer program now, but I don’t know when he will finish it.(design)
据说他在设计一款新的电脑项目，但是我不知道他会什么时候完成。
2.The week _______________________, many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.(follow)
圣诞节后的那一周，很多非洲裔美国人聚集一起迎新年和反思过去。
3._____________________________ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.(steal)
偷窃钻石之后，他不得不找个地方把它藏起来。
4..__________________________, the question is finally understood by all of us present.(explain)
解释得很清楚,问题还是没被我们出席的人所理解。
5.He stood there ________________a tree that grew against the wall.(hold)
他站在那儿，紧紧抓住一棵倚墙而长得树。
6.Robert is indeed a wise man..How often I have regretted __________________!(take)
Rober的确是一个聪明人，我曾多少次后悔没有采纳他的建议.
7.All the officials _______________________ , the meeting was declared open.(arrive)
所有的官员都到了，会议宣布开始。
8.When you’ve finished with book, ________________________on the shelf, will you?(forget,put)
当你读完这本书，不要忘了放回到书架上，好吗？
9.All flights __________________(被取消) because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do
nothing but take the train.(cancel)
所有航班被取消了，因为暴风雪，很多乘客只得坐火车了。
10.The squirrel was lucky that it just ____________________________.(miss)
小松鼠很幸运，未被捉住。
（七）
1.A boy and a girl ___________________________ in the exam and punished by the school.
一个男生和一个女生都被当场抓住作弊，并且受到了学校的惩罚
2._____ _________，many animals died of starvation in search of the new land. (enough) 没有充足的
食物吃，很多小动物为了寻找新的栖息地而饿死在途中。
3.Your father is angry with you for __________________ (在外呆这么晚). (stay)
4.________________________ every day, it will become more and more important to have a good
knowledge of English .(with)
有这么多的人每天用英语交流，所以精通英语将会变得越来越重要。
5.Her father won't marry her until the poor young _______________________（decotate）
女孩的父亲是不会让这个年轻人娶他女儿的，直到他请人装修好那个房子.
6._______________________, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments in
chemistry.(fail) 即使失败了好几次了，那个年轻的科学家仍然坚持在化学上的实验。
湖北高考英语完成句子之非谓语动词
1. We all know that television has so many advantages：it keeps us____________________ (了解最近
的新闻), and also provides entertainment. (inform)
2. I meant ____________________ (拜访) you, but I was so busy. (call)
3. Tom’s parents do not allow Tom ____________________ (自已一个人去游泳). (go)
4. Prices of daily goods _____________________ (网上选购的) can be lower than store prices at the
present. (buy)
5. _____________________ (被自然之美所吸引), the two girls from Paris decided to spend another
two days on the farm. (attract)
6. Peter could do nothing but ____________________ (向妈妈承认) that he was wrong. (admit)
7. Having a trip in the beautiful city is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains
____________________ (看) whether they will enjoy it. (see)
8. Since telegrams are paid by the word and every word costs money, people always try
____________________ (使用) as few words as possible. (use) 9. ____________________ (考虑到他还仅仅个小孩), we didn’t punish him. (consider)
10. I don’t know whether you happen ____________________ (听说过) that I’m going to study in England next month. (hear)
11. Though ____________________ (缺钱), he managed to build a new house. (lack)
12. I don’t believe what you have said. It is not like her, an excellent student, ____________________ (考试作弊). (cheat)
13. A great deal of work has been done ____________________ (提升人民的生活水平). (improve)
14. ____________________ (迷失在大山里) for a few days, the three boys were finally saved by the local farmers. (lose)
15. The ending of the novel is that the millionaire died without anyone _____________________ (知道) where the coins were hidden. (know)
16. The agreements let governments trace the money ____________________ (藏匿在国外的) and make it easier to punish officials who have fled overseas. (hide)
17. Each day, about one hundred thousand cars cross the bridge, _____________________ (带人们) to and from the big city. (take)
18. Coins usually are made of many different kinds of metal ____________________ (混合在一起). (mix) .
19. The most popular way ____________________ (泡茶) in offices is to take a cup or a pot of hot wafer and drop into it a cotton bag with tea. (make)
20. It is a daily newspaper, ____________________ (星期一到星期六出版) with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week. (come)
（一）
1.rising from the house
2.making it much easier for people to
3.gathering around the fire
4.keep the traffic running smoothly.
5.Not realizing that he was in great danger
6.Having waited for half an hour
7.covering the desert
8.Having been separated from
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a3241835.html,ing out
10.Being exposed to
（二）
1.(that is )/(which is) well worth reading
2.leading to cancer
3.observing the sun
4.Not having completed
5.making it clear
6.having worked
7.Taking your health into consideration/Your health taken into consideration
8. belonging to
9. to be repaired
10. had his pocket picked
(三)
1being lost in
2.Not having been invited/Not invited
3 knowing what to do
4 having failed three times
5 devoted to/ devoting himself to
6 stealing jewels from the supermarket
7 lost in thought
9.remaining to be settled
8 his being late for school
10 comparing this cartoon with that one
（四）
1.Not having fully recovered
2.Absorbed in a book
3.holding white
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a3241835.html,paring different cultures
5. having struggled
6.to be held
7.filled with so much work
8.Having been interested
9.to put on more clothes
10. being persuaded to buy/into buying
（五）
1.being fine weather
2. tears rolling down
3.On their return/On returning
4.depending on patients' needs/the needs of patients
5.hoping to be admitted to/ into
6. Having been told
7.there being such a chance
8.Equipped with a computer
9.To remind you in advance
10.Buried in the books
（六）
1.To be designing
2.Following Christmas
3.Having stolen
4.Explained/Having been explained clearly
5.Holding onto
6.Not taking his advice
7.having arrived 8.d on’t forget to put it back
9.Having been canceled10.missed being caught
（七）
１.Were caught cheating２.Not having enough food to eat
３．Having stayed out so late４.With so many people communicating in English
５.Has the house decorated６.Having failed several times/Although he had failed several times 非谓语动词
1. informed about the latest news
2. to call on
3. to go swimming alone
4. bought through the Internet
5. Attracted by the beauty of nature
6. admit to his mother
7. to be seen
8. to use
9. Considering he was just a little boy
10. to have heard
11. lacking money
12. to cheat in the exam
13. to improve the people’s living standard
14. Lost in the mountains
15. knowing
16. hidden abroad
17. taking people
18. mixed together
19. to make tea
20. coming out from Monday to Saturday
非谓语总结 一.分词 1.表语 1.The window is broken. 2.I’m surprised to hear that. 3.This book is interesting. 4.He is swimming 总结:现在分词表示主语的性质或正在进行的动作 过去分词表示主语所处于的状态 2.定语 falling leaves------fallen leaves boiling water------boiled water 区别：现在分词表示正在进行的动作， 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 总结: 动名词表示所修饰名词的用途=n+for+doing 现在分词表示所修饰名词的性质和正在进行 的动作 不定式放于所修饰名词后表示将进行的动作。=定语从句 过去分词表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态 1.a walking stick=a stick for walking 2.a falling leave=a leave which is falling 3.an interesting story=a story which is interesting 4.Is there anyone to go with me?=Is there anyone who will go with me? 5.a lost boy=a boy who has been lost 6.a respected teacher=a teacher who is respected 3、宾语补足语：其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使让动词 1.He had his arm broken. 2.He heard the door locked. 3.He kept water running.
必备英语非谓语动词难点、易错点 一、动词被动语态 1． The 31st Olympic Games _______ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in 2016. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：第31届奥运会将于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。举办奥运会，The 31st Olympic Games在句中作主语，用被动语态。2016年将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态。故选C。 2．— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。——你知道他们每天都被辛勤工作的清洁工打扫。A一般现在时主动语态，B一般现在时被动语态，C现在进行时，D一般将来时，根据by the hard-working cleaners every day，可知是一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 【点评】考查时态和语态，注意一般现在时被动语态的用法。 3．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised C. will be raised D. has been raised 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。ago 多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态;主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
非谓语总结 -标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
Unit 9非谓语动词总结 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形 式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。 一．基础知识 1.非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式 现在分词●●●● 动名词●●●● 不定式（to do）●●●●●● 过去分词（done）●●●● to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)， Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说) 2.非谓语动词的变化形式 非谓语形式 构成 时态 语态 复合结构否定式主动被动 不定式一般式to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never 进行式to have done to have been done 完成式to be doing / 完成 进行式 to have been doing / 动名词一般式doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构 的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 完成式having done having been done 现在 分词 与动名词变化形式相同在前加not 1.非谓语作表语的重点 ①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答 主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。 Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。 The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。 ②现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在 分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
必备英语常见非谓语动词最全总结 一、非谓语动词 1．I prefer the failure rather than my dream. A. experience; to give up B. to experience; give up C. experiencing; giving up 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我宁愿经历失败也不愿放弃我的梦想。空一，prefer to do rather than do宁愿做......而不愿做......，固定搭配，experience亲身经历、感受，动词，因此是to experience；空二，rather than+动词原形，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，give up，放弃，故选B。 【点评】此题考查固定短语prefer to do rather than do。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B.动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 3．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 4．My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us . A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥是应该幽默的年轻人，他经常讲笑话让我们笑。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式，应该是动词原形，故选B。 【点评】考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事。 5．—Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network? —Right. 5G will allow us ________ English movies faster than ever. A. download B. downloads C. to download D. downloading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意——你听说了中国正在建造全国5G网络吗？——对，5G将会让我
复习专题非谓语动词难点汇总 一、非谓语动词 1．—What should I do, doctor? —_____ healthy, you should do more exercise. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To be kept 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——我应该做什么，医生？——为了保持健康，你应该多锻炼。keep healthy，保持健康，固定搭配，排除D。多锻炼的目的是保持健康，所以用to do不定式表目的，故选C。 【点评】考查to do不定式表目的，注意平时识记其用法，理解句意。 2．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该做我们能做的事提高我们的英语。句子主语是we, 谓语是should do,宾语是what we can,后边的部分作目的状语，用不定式形式，故选C。 5．It was raining. My father asked me _______ a raincoat. A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：正下雨。我父亲要我带上雨衣。根据关键词 asked me，再结合选项，可判断出此处考查的是 ask sb. to do sth.的用法，故答案选 D。 【点评】考查固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.。
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 I非谓语动词有哪些不冋的形式？— 不定式除一般式.完成式以外还有一进行式 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末」it作形式主语放在句首。 1）Smok ing is prohibited 禁止）here. 2）It is not very good for you to smoke so much. -See ing is believ ing. *-To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。 { no use/good 1 not stoy t, - 0 +Sill.
of little usc/good useless
宾语： 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ... man age, promise, prete nd, pla n, ofer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, he帮助）,want（想要）,refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ... practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, sta nd, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get dow n to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in … 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别（但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为）。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 go on （stop/remember/regret）to do/do ing can' t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do （打算）/ doing （意味）be used to do / doing （get used to doing）（used to do） 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动定语： 不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Develop ing coun tries/ developed coun tries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, i nten d,expect, en courage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, caus等0 Think, consider, believe, suppose, fee等后常用“ to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People con sidered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足 语。常见的使役动词有 make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, fee以及look at, listen to 等。
高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。 考点：考查不定式 【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语
非谓语动词难点汇总
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非谓语动词知识要点概括以及难点和考点分析 1.“非谓语动词”这个名称是什么意思 在做非谓语动词题目之前，首先要搞清楚这个名称的意义。在英语中，很多语法名称在我们中国人的母语中是不存在的，所以，只有我们了解了这个语法的本质，或者说英语中使用这个语法的目的，才能更好的理解和运用这个语法知识。 首先，英语句子从结构上说，大致和中文相差不多，基本上都是“主谓宾”这个顺序，但英语句子和中文句子最大的不同点在于，英语句子里只能有一个谓语动词，而且逗号不能作为分割句子的连词使用。比如这句话：他生病了，他不能来了。在中文中，这句话没有问题，但如果翻译成英语：He is ill, he is not coming.就错了，因为逗号后面没有连词，这句话里出现了两个谓语动词“is”，产生了冲突。如果要修改的话，可以加上连词so，也可以把逗号变成分号（分号等于连词，后面he的首字母还是要小写），也可以索性把逗号变成句号，变成两句话。当然，如果用英语中所特有的技巧来处理的话，可以使用从句，可以改为Because he is ill, he is not coming. 这样操作的话，就等于把一个谓语动词放入了从句中，它就不和主句里的另一个谓语动词形成冲突了。其实这也是“从句”------这个英语中所特有的语法现象存在的道理。这句话最后一种修改方法就是使用非谓语动词，可以改为“Being ill, he is not coming.”。所以各位现在就明白了，非谓语动词这个语法现象存在的意义就是为了使一句英语句子保持只有一个谓语动词。非谓语动词如果能灵活运用，在有些情况下能代替从句（非谓语动词做状语和定语时候，可以代替原来的状语从句和定语从句），可以让句子更加精简。 2.非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词主要可以分为三种形式：1. 分词 2. 动词不定式 3. 动名词。其中，分词又可以分为现在分词和过去分词。它们的具体形式如下： 现在分词：being, doing, having done(现在分词表示主动) 过去分词: done, being done , having been done （过去分词表示被动） 不定式: to do （表示主动）, to be done （表示被动）。某些题目中还会出现to have done/to have been done和to be doing等特殊形式，下面重点解析里会谈到。 动名词：doing（表示主动），being done（表示被动）某些情况下having done和having been done也可以做动名词，下面重点解析里也会谈到。 本质上说，非谓语动词是谓语动词变过来的，具体变化形式如下： 主动被动 谓语动词非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词 be being do doing be done done be doing doing be being done being done will do to do will be done to be done have done having done have been done having been done
高考英语非谓语动词知识点知识点训练及答案(6) 一、选择题 1．With the electric map ____ in the car____ the exact position, the driver can drive in the right direction of the destination. A．fixing; showing B．fixed; shown C．fixed; showing D．fixing; show 2．(2015·北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A．Catching B．Caught C．To catch D．Catch 3．By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand. A．the cultural factor is to neglect B．is the cultural factor to neglect C．the cultural factor is to be neglected D．is the cultural factor to be neglected 4．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing. A．Wearing B．To wear C．To be wearing D．Having won 5．I ______ her to the party but I didn’t get her phone number. A．had planned to invite B．have planned to invite C．planned to invite D．was planning to have invited 6．The president promised to keep all the board members _____ of how the negotiations were going on． A．inform B．informing C．be informed D．informed 7．All those ________ the pop singing group cheered, applauding as they sang. A．watched B．was watching C．watching D．to watch 8．The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds_________ may enter a pub if they order a meal. A．not to accompany B．not to be accompanied C．unaccompanied D．not accompanying 9．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 10．I missed the last bus and had no money for a taxi，so I could do nothing but ____ home last night. A．to walking B．walk C．walking D．walked 11．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：