英语名词用法总结(完整)
一、单项选择名词
1．A new ______ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to the students.
A．approach B．means
C．method D．way
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A。
2．We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now. A．instruction B．explanation
C．description D．application
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。Ainstruction指示；Bexplanation解释；Cdescription描述；Dapplication申请。match description表示“匹配你的描述”，故C项正确。
3．Computers cannot work without ______ from human beings.
A．expressions B．instructions
C．prescriptions D．introductions
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：没有人类的指令，计算机无法工作。A. expressions表达；B. instructions命令，指示；C. Prescriptions处方；D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令，指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。
4．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth．
A．response B．offence
C．commitment D．reaction
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：百分之百的投入到学习中去，尽管会既孤独又无趣，它却会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。A. response响应、反应；B. offence犯罪、违反；C. commitment承诺、献身；D. reaction反应、感应。commitment“承诺、献身”符合句意。故C选项正确。
5．—$300, and that’s my last offer.
—OK. It is a ________.
A．charge B．price
C．cost D．deal
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——300美元，这是我最后的报价。——好的，成交。A. charge 要价；B. price价格；C. cost花费，费用；D. deal交易。It is a deal.意为“成交”，是固定表达。故选D项。
6．To be honest, she had a great ______ for the small town where she grew up.
A．effect B．effort
C．affection D．patience
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。A. effect影响；B. effort努力；C. affection深情；D. patience耐心。短语have a great affection for sth. 意为“对某物钟爱，对某物有深挚的感情”。故选C。
7．Somehow Pavel’s words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the ________ to say “Ow” any more, and when Pavel finished applying the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.
A．convenience B．trick C．impression D．urge
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很有意义，他克制住了想说“噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后，他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带，把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience方便；B. trick诡计，窍门；C. impression印象；D. urge强烈的欲望。根据句意故选D。
8．I have absolutely no ________ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.
A．impact on B．sympathy for
C．concern about D．complaint about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响；B. sympathy for同情；C. concern about担心；关心；D. complaint about投诉；对……抱怨。根据句意可知选B。
9．I have a deep ________ for the city where I spent my childhood.
A．admission B．addition C．affection D．adaptation
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对我度过童年的城市有着深厚的感情。A. admission承认；B. addition添加；C. affection感情；D. adaptation适应。have a(n)…affection for表示“对某人/物有着……样的感情”，故C项正确。
10．The two sides have finally reached a(n) _______ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).
A．announcement B．agreement C．amazement D．achievement
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管仍存在一些小分歧，但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcement宣告；B. agreement一致；C. amazement惊愕；D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知，此处表示“达成一致”，故B项正确。
11．This restaurant has become popular for its wide____________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
【答案】C
【解析】
Crange范围。A项分歧，B项领域，D项圆圈，故只有c项符合题意。
12．People are very frightened when they think of the in which someone is eaten by a tiger. A．sight B．scene C．view D．sign
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：人们一想到有人被老虎吃掉的情景就非常害怕。A. sight视野B. scene场景C. view视线D. sign标志。根据句意及常识，人脑海中浮现的一般是一个场景。只有B项符合。故选B。
13．After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.
A．accommodation B．resources C．furniture D．recreation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：地震后，政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A. accommodation住处；B. resources资源；物力；C. furniture家具；D. recreation反应。根据句意故选A。
14．The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a ____ from tradition.
A．violation B．departure
C．withdrawal D．separation
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词的词义辨析。A. violation违反，妨碍；B. departure离开，出发；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. separation分离，分开。句意：这个女孩没有得到家人的认可因为她与非洲人的婚姻被认为是背离传统的。结合句意可知答案为B。
15．Determination is a good ________ and that is what it takes to do anything well. A．quality B．standard C．principle D．motto
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心是一种好品质，它是做好任何事情所需要的。A. quality 品质；B. standard标准； C. principle原理；D. motto座右铭。决心是一种品质，故A项正确。
16．Students and teachers gather together for a morning ______________ each Monday to attend the ceremony of raising the national flag.
A．inspection B．inscription
C．assembly D．commitment
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：每周一，学生和老师们齐聚一堂，参加升旗仪式。A. inspection检查；B. inscription题词；C. assembly集合；D. commitment承诺，根据题意，故选C。
17．According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% ________ on each cheque you cash.
A．admission B．pension
C．allowance D．commission
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据银行最近公布的规定，你每兑现一张支票必须付25%的手续费。A. admission承认；B. pension抚恤金； C. allowance津贴；D. commission佣金；手续费。兑现支票必须付25%的手续费。故答案为D。
18．While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the _____ of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world. A．atmosphere
B．branches
C．campus
D．strength
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在周日割草，但有些人却乐于坐在树枝下欣赏世界的美景。A. atmosphere气氛，氛围；B. branches树枝，纸条；C. campus校园；D. strength力气。分析句子可知，人们应该是坐在树枝下欣赏美景。故选B。
19．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.
A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts
【答案】D
【解析】
考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力，理解力；B. influences 影响；C. impression印象，效果；D. attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。
20．I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their _______ to their job. Thank you.
A．devotion B．application C．connection D．invitation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此热爱自己的工作让人感到欣慰。谢谢。A. devotion奉献，专心；B. application申请；C. connection联系；D. invitation邀请。devotion to 意为“献身于，热爱”，因此使用devotion符合句意，故选A。
21．If you have a good ___________ of English, it is easier for you to find a job there. A．control B．command C．conquer D．request
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你英语说得很好，那么在那儿找工作就更容易了。
A.control控制；
B. command 掌握；
C. conquer征服；
D. request请求。have a good command of 是固定搭配，意为“能驾御…，很会…”，have a good command of English，意为“能自由地使用英语”，符合句意，故选B。
22．Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant in the office. A．circumstance B．atmosphere C．surroundings D．consequence
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：自从他们吵架以来，办公室里一直有一种不愉快的气氛。A. circumstance 环境，状况；B. atmosphere大气，气氛；C. surroundings环境；D. consequence结果，后果。因为有人争吵，因此办公室的气氛和氛围不好，故选atmosphere合乎句意。故选B。
23．As all the readers can see, the painting presents the children’s mood before the trip and after the trip in a sharp ____.
A．opposite B．contrast C．comparison D．contrary
【答案】D
【解析】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如读者们所看到的，这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情，二者是截然相反的。A. opposite对立面；B. contrast对照；C. comparison比较；D. contrary 相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情，in a sharp contrary表示“恰恰相反”，故D项正确。
24．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars.
A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：很多科学家相信在火星上有生命迹象。A. signal信号；B. sign标语，迹象；C. mark标记；D. sigh叹气。火星上的生命是有迹象的。故选B。
25．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good .
A．salary B．price C．service D．reason
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个工人对他的老板很满意，因为他的薪水很高。A. salary薪水；B. price价格；C. service服务；D. reason理由。根据The worker was satisfied with his boss可知，此处指这个工人被提供了一个好的薪水。故选A。
26．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张，睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A. tension 紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张)；B. abortion 堕胎；C. submission 屈服、提交；D. dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知，此处用“颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境，故选A项。
27．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.
A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A. currency通货；B. framework框架；C. allowance津贴；D. occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故B项正确。
28．There is little doubt that with power and ______ it comes more responsibility instead of entertainment.
A．possession B．privilege
C．association D．pattern
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毫无疑问，权力和特权带来的是更多的责任，而不是娱乐。A. possession财产；B. privilege特权；C. association联合；D. pattern图案，根据题意，故选B。
29．We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with a／an ____________ of delicious food on Spring Festival's Eve.
A．boom B．division
C．reputation D．abundance
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们遵循传统，在除夕夜吃一顿有着丰盛美食的家宴。A. boom繁荣；B. division分配；C. reputation名声；D. abundance丰富，根据题意，故选D。
30．This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age ______ and in the eye of them, the product can ______ a message to other people that they are well-off.
A．range; deliver B．dimension; convey C．range; convey D．dimension; deliver 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语in ...age range“在……年龄范围内”，故第一空应用range，dimension表示“尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver表示“交付；递送”，convey表示“传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。