语法术语中英文形式
语法术语中英文
1. Noun (名词)
countable uncountable (可数名词、不可数名词) Number of N (名词的数) Irregular plurals (不规则复数)
Genitive case of N (名词的所有格)
Double genitive (双重所有格)
2. Pronoun (代词)
Personal pronoun (人称代词)
Possessive pronoun (物主代词)
Reflexive pronoun (反身代词)
Interrogative pronoun (疑问代词)
Indefinite pronoun (不定代词)
3. Numeral (数次)
Cardinal 、ordinal numbers (基数词、序数词) Percentage (百分数) Fraction (分数)
Decimal (小数)
Multiple (倍数)
4. Determiner (限定词)
Definite, indefinite, zero articles (定冠词，不定冠词，零冠词) Quantifiers (数量词)
5. Preposition (介词)
6. Adjective (形容词)
Attributive 定语
Predicative 表语
Adverb clause equivalent 副词性从句
7. Adverb (副词)
Modifier of Adj / Adv / Prep-phrase / N-Phrase / Adverb-clause (形容词、副词、介词短语、副
词性从句的修饰语)
The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj / Adv (形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)
9. Verb classes (动词)
Transitive and intransitive verbs (及物动词和不及物动词) Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries (助动词和情态动词) Semi-auxiliaries (半助动词) Phrasal verbs (短语动词)
10. Tense (时态)
Simple present, past, future and with modals (一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时和情态助动词加动词)
Present and past progressive (现在进行时和过去进行时)
Future progressive and with modals (将来进行时和情态动词加进行时) Present and past perfect (现在完成时和过去完成时)
Future perfect and with modals (将来完成时和情态动词加完成时)
Present perfect progressive (现在完成进行时)
Past perfect progressive (过去完成进行时)
11.Passive voice (被动语态)
Passive voice in simple tense (被动语态的一般时态)
Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses (被动语态的完成和进
行时态) Passive voice of phrasal verbs (短语动词的被动语态)
12. Subjunctive mood (虚拟语气)
13. To V (Infinitive 动词不定式)
as subject, object and complement (用作主语，宾语和补足语)
Indicating purpose / result (表示目的和结果)
Modifying adjective (修饰形容词)
as post modifier in a noun phrase (后位修饰名词)
to be + V-ed2, to have + V-ed2, to be + V-ing (不定式的被动式，完成
式和进行式)
14. V-ing (Gerund 动名词)
object, subject and predicative(宾语，主语和表语)
N / Pronouns or their possessive + V-ing as subject and object(名词
/ 代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语)
Prep + N / Pronouns or their possessive + V-ing(介词加名词 / 代词或
其所有格加动名词) being + V-ed2, having + V-ed2, having been + V-ed2 as a noun equivalent(动名词的被动式，完成式和完成被动式起名词作用)
15pre-modifier and post modifier in a noun phrase 现在分词和过去分词) as complement (补足语)
as an adverb clause equivalent(作状语)
When / while, etc. + V-ing / V-ed2 (When / While 等加现在分词或过去
分词) (with) N + V-ing / V-ed2 ( [ with ] 名词加现在分词或过去分词 ) Dangling V-ing as adverb clause equivalent(无归属现在分词作状语) being +
V-ed2, having + V-ed2, having been + V-ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause
equivalent(现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语)
16. Basic sentence patterns and sentence elements(基本句型和句子成份) Pattern 1: S + V
Pattern 2: S + V + Cs
Pattern 3: S + V + O
Pattern 4: S + V + Oi + Od Pattern 5: S + V + Od + Co
17.
Interrogative form(疑问形式)
Negative form(否定形式)
Passive form(被动形式)
relative clause(定语从句)
Restrictive and non-restrictive(限制性和非限制性定语从句)
Appositive clause(同位语从句)
Noun phrase appositive to clause(名词短语作句子的同位语) Clause of time and space(时间从句和地点从句)
Clauses of condition, concession and contrast(条件从句、让步从句和对
比从句)
Clauses of cause, result and purpose(原因从句、结果从句和目的从句) Clauses of manner and comparison(方式从句和比较从句) Clauses of proportion and other types(比例从句和其它从句)
3rd person pronouns, and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person
pronouns(第三人称代词，第一、二人称代词的复数)
indefinite pronouns(不定代词)( + of + N / Pron)
Subject-verb inversion(主语与谓语倒装)
Parenthesis(插入语)
Omission(省略)
Omission through coordination (并列结构中的省略)
Negation (否定)
Total negation(全部否定)
Partial negation (部分否定)
Double negation (双重否定)
Transferred negation (转移否定)
《朗文高级英语语法》
第一章动词时态概述 (Overview Of Verb Tenses)
1-1 一般时态 (The Simple Tenses)
1-2 进行时态 (The Progressive Tenses)3
1-3 完成时态 (The Perfect Tenses)
1-4 完成进行时态 (The Perfect Progressive Tenses)
1-5 时态用法总结 (Summary Chart of Verb Tenses)
1-6 -ing 和-ed形式的拼写 (Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms)
第二章一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时和过去进行时 (Present And Past, Simple And Progressive)
2-1 一般现在时 (Simple Present)
2-2 现在进行时 (Present Progressive)
2-3 静态动词 ( Stative Verbs)
2-4 am/is/are being+形容词(am/is/are being + Adjective)
2-5 规则动词和不规则动词 (Regular and Irregular Verbs)
2-6 规则动词:-ed的发音(Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings) 2-7 不规则动词表 (Irregular Verbs: an Alphabetical List)
2-8 易混淆的动词:raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie (Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie)
2-9 一般过去时(Simple Past)
2-10 过去进行时(Past Progressive)
2-11 进行时态与always连用表示抱怨 (Using Progressive Verbs with always to Complain)
2-12 进行时态中地点状语的用法 (Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs)
第三章完成时和完成进行时 (Perfect And Perfect Progressive Tenses) 3-1 现在完成时 (Present Perfect)
3-2 现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Progressive)
3-3 过去完成时(Past Perfect)
3-4 过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Progressive)
第四章将来时 (Future Time)
4-1 一般将来时:will 和be going to (Simple Future: will and be going to)
4-2 will与be going to的比较 (will vs. be going to)
4-3 用时间状语从句表示将来 (Expressing the Future in Time Clauses) 4-4 用一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)
4-5 将来进行时 (Future Progressive)
4-6 将来完成时 (Future Perfect)
4-7 将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Progressive)
第五章时间状语从句和时态的复习 (Adverb Clauses Of Time And Review
Of Verb Tenses)
5-1 时间状语从句:形式(Adverb Clauses of Time: Form)
5-2 用时间状语从句表示时间关系 (Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships)
第六章主谓一致 (Subject-verb Agreement)
6-1 以-s或-es结尾的词:用法、发音和拼写 (Final -s/-es: Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling)
6-2 基本的主谓一致问题 (Basic Subject-verb Agreement)
6-3 主谓一致:表达数量 (Subject-verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity)
6-4 主谓一致:there be的用法(Subject-verb Agreement: Using there + be) 6-5 主谓一致:不规则用法 (Subject-verb Agreement: Some Irregularities) 第七章名词 (Nouns)
7-1 名词复数形式的规则和不规则变化(Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns)
7-2 所有格(Possessive Nouns)103
7-3 名词作修饰语 (Using Nouns as Modifiers)
7-4 可数名词和不可数名词(Count and Noncount Nouns)
7-5 不可数名词(Noncount Nouns)
7-6 常见不可数名词 (Some Common Noncount Nouns)
7-7 冠词的基本用法 (Basic Article Usage)
7-8 冠词用法的基本原则(General Guidelines for Article Usage)
7-9 数量的表达(Expressions of Quantity)
7-10 a few和few，a little和little的用法 (Using a few and few; a little and little)
7-11 带of 的数量表达 (Using of in Expressions of Quantity)
7-12 all (of) 和both (of)〔All (of) and both (of)
7-13 单数的数量表达:one, each, every (Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every)
第八章代词 (Pronouns)
8-1 人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
8-2 人称代词:与类属名词、不定代词的一致性(Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns)
8-3 人称代词:与集合名词的一致性 (Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns)
8-4 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)
8-5 you, one和they用作非人称代词 (Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns)
8-6 other的形式 (Forms of other)
8-7 other的常见表达 (Common Expressions with other)
第九章情态动词(一) (Modals, Part 1)
9-1 概述(Introduction)
9-2 I作主语的礼貌请求(Polite Questions with I as the Subject)
9-3 you作主语的礼貌请求 (Polite Questions with you as the Subject) 9-4 would you mind用作礼貌请求 (Polite Requests with would you mind)
9-5 表示必须:must, have to, have got to (Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to)
9-6 不必要和禁止:have to和must的否定形式 (Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative)
9-7 忠告:should, ought to, had better (Advisability: should, ought
to, had better)
9-8 should的过去式(The Past Form of should)
9-9 期望:be supposed to (Expectations: be supposed to)
9-10 提议:let’s, why don’t, shall I/we (Making Suggestions: let’s, why don’t, shall I/we)
9-11 提议:could与should的比较 (Making Suggestions: could vs. should) 第十章情态动词(二) (Modals, Part 2)
10-1 表示确定程度:现在时 (Degrees of Certainty: Present Time)
10-2 表示确定程度:现在时的否定形式 (Degrees of Certainty: Present
Time Negative)
10-3 表示确定程度:过去时 (Degrees of Certainty: Past Time)
10-4 表示确定程度:将来时 (Degrees of Certainty: Future Time)
10-5 情态动词的进行式 (Progressive Forms of Modals)
10-6 表示能力:can和could (Ability: can and could)
10-7 would表示过去重复性的动作 (Using would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past)
10-8 表示倾向:would rather (Expressing Preference: would rather)
10-9 情态动词和短语情态动词的结合 (Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals)
10-10 情态动词和类似表达的总结表 (Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions)
第十一章被动语态 (The Passive)
11-1 被动语态的构成(Forming the Passive)
11-2 被动语态的用法 (Using the Passive)
11-3 间接宾语用作被动语态的主语 (Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects)
11-4 情态动词与短语情态动词的被动语态 (The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals)
11-5 静态被动语态 (Stative Passive)
11-6 常见静态被动语态动词 + 介词 (Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions)
11-7 get与被动语态 (The Passive with get)
11-8 分词形容词 (Participial Adjectives)
第十二章名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)
12-1 概述 (Introduction)
12-2 以疑问词开头的名词性从句 (Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word)
12-3 以whether或if开头的名词性从句 (Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if)
12-4 疑问词后接不定式(Question Words Followed by Infinitives) 12-5 以that开头的名词性从句 (Noun Clauses Beginning with that) 12-6 直接引语 (Quoted Speech)
12-7 间接引语:名词性从句中动词的形式 (Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses)
12-8 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法 (Using the Subjunctive in Noun Clauses)
12-9 带有-ever的词汇的用法 (Using -ever Words)
第十三章定语从句 (Adjective Clauses)
13-1 概述 (Introduction)
13-2 定语从句的关系代词作主语 (Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject)
13-3 定语从句的关系代词作动词的宾语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb)
13-4 定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语 (Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition)
13-5 定语从句的常用句型(Usual Patterns of Adjective Clauses)
13-6 whose的用法 (Using whose)
13-7 定语从句中where的用法 (Using where in Adjective Clauses)
13-8 定语从句中when的用法(Using when in Adjective Clauses)
13-9 定语从句修饰代词的用法 (Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns)
13-10 定语从句中标点符号的使用 (Punctuating Adjective Clauses)
13-11 定语从句中数量的表示方法 (Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses)
13-12 名词+of which 的用法(Using Noun + of which)286
13-13 which修饰整个句子的用法 (Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence)286
13-14 将定语从句简化为形容词短语:概述 (Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction)
13-15 将定语从句转变为形容词短语 (Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase)
第十四章动名词和不定式(一) (Gerunds And Infinitives, Part 1)
14-1 动名词:概述 (Gerunds: Introduction)
14-2 动名词作介词的宾语 (Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions)
14-3 后面接动名词的常见介词短语 (Common Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds)
14-4 后面接动名词的常见动词 (Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
14-5 go+动名词 (go + Gerund)
14-6 后面接动词-ing形式的固定搭配 (Special Expressions Followed by -ing)
14-7 后面接不定式的常见动词 (Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives) 14-8 后面既可接不定式又可接动名词的常见动词 (Common Verbs Followed by either Infinitives or Gerunds)
14-9 后面接动名词的动词列表(Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
14-10 后面接不定式的动词列表 (Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
14-11 it +不定式;动名词和不定式作主语(it + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects)
第十五章动名词和不定式(二) (Gerunds And Infinitives, Part 2)
15-1 表示目的的不定式:in order to (Infinitive of Purpose: in order to)
15-2 后面接不定式的形容词 (Adjectives Followed by Infinitives)
15-3 不定式与too和enough连用 (Using Infinitives with too and enough)
15-4 不定式和动名词的被动语态和完成式 (Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds)
15-5 need后接动名词或不定式的被动语态形式 (Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need)
15-6 所有格修饰动名词 (Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund)
15-7 感官动词的用法 (Using Verbs of Perception)
15-8 let和help后接动词原形 (Using the Simple Form after let and help)
15-9 使役动词的用法:make, have, get (Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get)
第十六章并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions)
16-1 平行结构 (Parallel Structure)
16-2 成对连词:both…and;not only…but also; either…or; neither…nor (Using Paired
Conjunctions: both . . . and; not only . . . but also; either . . . or; neither . . . nor)
16-3 用并列连词连接独立分句 (Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions)
第十七章状语从句 (Adverb Clauses)
17-1 概述(Introduction)
17-2 原因状语从句(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect) 17-3 表达对比(意外的结果):even though的用法〔Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using even though〕
17-4 表达直接对比:while和whereas (Showing Direct Contrast: while and whereas)
17-5 条件状语从句:if从句 (Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses:
if-clauses)
17-6 条件状语从句:whether or not 和even if 的用法 (Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if)
17-7 条件状语从句:in case 和in the event that的用法 (Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case and in the event that)
17-8 条件状语从句:unless的用法 (Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless)
17-9 条件状语从句:only if的用法 (Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if)
第十八章将状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(Reduction Of Adverb Clauses To Modifying
Adverbial Phrases)
18-1 概述(Introduction)
18-2 将时间状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语 (Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-3 用修饰性的副词短语表达“与此同时”的概念 (Expressing the Idea of “During the Same
Time” in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-4 用修饰性的副词短语表示因果关系 (Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-5 在修饰性的副词短语中使用“upon + -ing” (Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
第十九章表示因果、对比和条件关系的关联词(Connectives That Express Cause And Effect, Contrast, And Condition)
19-1 because of 和due to的用法 (Using because of and due to)
19-2 用过渡词表示因果关系:therefore和consequently (Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: therefore and consequently) 19-3 句型和标点符号小结 (Summary of Patterns and Punctuation)
19-4 其它表示因果关系的方式:such…that和so…that (Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such . . . that and so . . . that) 19-5 表示目的:so that的用法 (Expressing Purpose: Using so that) 19-6 表示对比(意料之外的结果)〔Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)〕
19-7 表示直接对比 (Showing Direct Contrast)
19-8 表示条件:otherwise和or(else)的用法〔Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or (else)〕
19-9 关联词小结:因果、对比和条件关系 (Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition)
第二十章条件句和表达愿望的方式 (Conditional Sentences And Wishes) 20-1 条件句中一般动词形式概述 (Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences)
20-2 现在和将来的真实条件句 (True in the Present or Future)
20-3 现在和将来的非真实条件句(与事实相反)〔Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future〕
20-4 过去的非真实条件句 (与事实相反)〔Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past〕
20-5 在条件句中使用动词的进行时形式 (Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences)
20-6 条件句中“混合时间”的用法(Using “Mixed Time” in Conditional Sentences)424
20-7 if 的省略 (Omitting if)
20-8 暗含的条件(Implied Conditions)
20-9 as if,as though的用法 (Using as if/as though)
20-10 wish后面的动词形式 (Verb Forms Following wish)
20-11 用would表达对于未来的希望(Using would to Make Wishes about the Future)434
附录增补语法单元 (Supplementary Grammar Units)
A单元:基本语法术语 (Basic Grammar Terminology)
A-1 主语、动词和宾语 (Subjects, Verbs, and Objects)
A-2 介词和介词短语 (Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases)
A-3 形容词 (Adjectives)
A-4 副词 (Adverbs)
A-5 be动词 (The Verb be)
A-6 系动词 (Linking Verbs)
B单元:疑问句 (Questions)
B-1 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的形式 (Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions)
B-2 疑问词(Question Words)
B-3 简化的一般疑问句 (Shortened Yes/No Questions)
B-4 否定疑问句 (Negative Questions)
B-5 反意疑问句 (Tag Questions)
C单元: 缩写 (Contractions)
D单元:否定句 (Negatives)
D-1 not与其它否定词的用法 (Using not and Other Negative Words) D-2 避免“重复两次否定”(Avoiding Double Negatives)
D-3 以否定词开头的句子(Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word) E单元:介词搭配 (Preposition Combinations)
E 形容词和动词的介词搭配 (Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs)
F单元:用来举例和延续观点的关联词 (Connectives To Give Examples And To Continue An Idea)
F-1 用来举例的关联词 (Connectives to Give Examples)
F-2 用来延续观点的关联词 (Connectives to Continue the Same Idea) G单元:动词形式的回顾练习 (Verb Form Review Exercises)
常见的语法术语摘要 1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词 pronoun 2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词 interjection 3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compound sentences 4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences 5.陈述句declarative sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences 6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences 7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences 8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymous sentences 9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis 10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences 11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptive sentences of people 12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment 14.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs 15.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement 16.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb 17.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb 18.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast 19.原因cause 结果effect 20.动词时态verb tenses 21.一般现在时simple present (tense) 22.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future (tense) 23.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect (tense) 24.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect (tense) 25.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时past continuous (tense) 26.将来进行时future continuous (tense) 27.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense) 28.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause 29.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 30.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 31.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause 32.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 33.双重复合句double complex sentences 34.多重复合句multiple complex sentences 35.插入语parenthesis 36.IT引导的句子IT sentences
词性 part of speech16)动态动词 event verb 17)静态动词 stage verb1.名词 noun 3.形容词 adjective proper noun1)专有名词 4.2)普通名词 common noun副词 adverb 1)方式副词3)可数名词 countable noun adverb of manner 2)程度副词 adverb of degree4)不可数名词 uncountable noun3)时间副词 abstract noun adverb of time5)抽象名词4)具体名词 concrete noun地点副词 adverb of place6)5)修饰性副词7)物质名词 material noun adjunct 6)连接性副词8)集体名词 collective nounconjunct 7)疑问副词 interrogative adverb individual noun9)个体名词 8)关系副词 relative adverb动词2. verb 5.代词 pronoun transitive verb1)及物动词 1)人称代词2)不及物动词 intransitive verb personal pronoun 2)物主代词 finite verb form3)限定动词 possessive pronoun 3)非限定动词4) non-finite verb form名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun main verb5)主动词 4)形容词性物主代系动词6) link verb 词 adjectival possessive pronoun7)助动词 auxiliary verb5)情态动词8) modal verb反身代词reflexive pronoun 6)指示代词 regular verb规则动词9) demonstrative pronoun 7)疑问代词 interrogative pronoun不规则动词10) irregular verb8) phrasal verb短语动词关系代词 relative pronoun11)9) finite verb限定动词不定代词 indefinite pronoun12)6.13) infinite verb非限定动词冠词 article 1)14)causative verb使役动词定冠词 definite article indefinite article不定冠词2)verb of senses感官动词15)． 7.数词 numeral8.介词 preposition 9.基数词 cardinal numeral连词 conjunction1)10.感叹词 exclamation2)序数词ordinal numeral number/case/gender格//性一、数3.性 gender1.数 number 1)阴性 feminine1)单数形式 singular form2)2)阳性 masculine复数形式 plural form3)中性neuter3)规则形式 regular form4)通性 common irregular form4)不规则形式 4.人称 person格2. case 1)第一人称 first person1)普通格 common case 2)2)所有格 possessive case第二人称 second person 3)第三人称 third person nominative case3)主格宾格4) objective case二、句子成分 members of sentences5)同源宾语 cognate object主语1. subject 5. predicate谓语定语 attribute 2. 6.3.状语表语 predicative adverbial 7.4.宾语同位语 appositive object 8.双宾语1)补语 dual object complement 1)2)主语补足语 direct object直接宾语 subject complement 2)3)宾语补足语 object complement间接宾语 indirect object4)复合宾语 complex object
英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses
动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form
英语语法专业术语表达 英语语法语语语语表达 1. Morphology 语法 2,Notional Words 语语语3, Form Words 虚语 4,Parts of Speech 语语 5,The Noun 名语 6,The Pronoun 代语 7,The Numeral 数语 8,The Verb 语语 9,The Adjective 形容语 10. The Adverb 副语 11. The Article 冠语 12. The Preposition 介语 13. The conjunction 语语 14. The Interjection 感语语15. The Particle 小品语 16. Word Building 构语法17. Conversion 语化 18. Derivation 派生 19. Composition 合成 20. Prefix 前语 21. Suffix 后语 22. Compound Words 合成语23. Classification of Nouns 名语的分语
24. Common Nouns 普通名语 25. Proper Nouns 语有名语26. Countable Nouns 可名语数27. Uncountable Nouns 不可名语数28. The Singular Form 语形式数29. The Plural Form 语形式数 30. Individual Nouns个体名语31. Collective Nouns集名语体32. Material Nouns物语名语33. Abstract Nouns抽象名语34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36, Personal Pronouns 人代语称37. Possessive Pronouns物主代语38. Self Pronouns反身代语39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代语40. Interrogative Pronouns疑语代语不意达41. Conjunctive Pronouns语接代语42. Relative Pronouns语系代语43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代语44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代语45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Objective Case语格47. Cardinal Numerals基语数48. Ordinal Numerals 序语数49. Fractional Numerals分语数50,Notional Verbs语意语语 51. Link Verbs语系语语 52. Auxiliary Verbs助语语 53. Modal Verbs情语语语 54. Transitive Verbs及物语语 55. Intransitive Verbs不及物语语56. Regular Verbs语语语语 57. Irregular Verbs不语语语语 58. Person人称 59. Number数 60. Tense语语 61. Voice语语 62. Mood语气
灯饰中英文术语
灯饰英语 一、室内灯Residential lamp / light chandeliers枝状大吊灯 吊灯 pendant lamp / light 半吊灯 half pendant lamp / light table lamp / light台灯 wall lamp / light壁灯 floor lamp / light落地灯 ceiling lamp / light吸顶灯 palace lamp / light 宫灯 镜前灯 mirror front lamp / light picture lamp / light 镜画灯 tiffany lamp蒂芙尼灯（彩色玻璃灯） 风水灯 water fountain lamp / light hanging light吊线灯 flower/holiday lamp花/节日灯 clip lamp 夹灯 eye-protection lamp 护眼灯
music lamp 音乐灯 emergency light应急灯 二、商业灯Commercial lamp / light grille lamp / light 格栅灯track lamp / light 导轨灯down lamp / light 筒灯 spot lamp / light 投光射灯reflector lamp射灯 halogen wire lights走线灯 stage lamp舞台灯 三、户外灯Outdoor lamp / light street lamp / light 路灯pillar lamp / light 柱灯 组合灯assembled lamp / light garden lamp / light 庭院灯lawn lamp / light 草坪/地灯 户外壁灯outdoor wall lamp / light landscape lamp景观灯 high-pole lamp高杆灯
各种语法术语的英文名称名词性从句：Noun Clauses. 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb
不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral
常用英语语法术语表句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb
静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause
LED照明专业术语中英文对照 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交叉频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值 23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in perman ent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characte ristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接 45 Lead Frame 引脚框架46 Lead Free 无铅 47 level-shift 电平移动 48 Line regulation 电源调整率 49 load regulation 负载调整率 50 Lot Number 批号 51 Low Dropout 低压差 52 Miller 密勒53 node 节点 54 Non-Inverting 非反相 55 novel 新颖的 56 off state 关断状态 57 Operating supply voltage 电源工作电压 58 out drive stage 输出驱动级 59 Out of Phase 异相 60 Part Number 产品型号 61 pass transistor pass transistor 62 P-channel MOSFET P沟道MOSFET 63 Phase margin 相位裕度 64 Phase Node 开关节点 65 portable electronics 便携式电子设备 66 power down 掉电 67 Power Good 电源正常 68 Power Groud 功率地 69 Power Save Mode 节电模式 70 Power up 上电 71 pull down 下拉 72 pull up 上拉 73 Pulse by Pulse 逐脉冲（Pulse by Pulse） 74 push pull converter 推挽转换器 75 ramp down 斜降 76 ramp up 斜升 77 redundant diode 冗余二极管 78 resistive divider 电阻分压器 79 ringing 振铃 80 ripple current 纹波电流 81 rising edge 上升沿 82 sense resistor 检测电阻 83 Sequenced Power Supplys 序列电源 84 shoot-through 直通，同时导通 85 stray inductances. 杂散电感 86 sub-circuit 子电路 87 substrate 基板 88 Telecom 电信 89 Thermal Information 热性能信息 90 thermal slug 散热片 91 Threshold 阈值 92 timing resistor 振荡电阻 93 Top FET Top FET 94 Trace 线路，走线，引线
[2] 英语语法术语汇总（中英对照） 英语语法术语（中英对照） 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性 part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词count able noun 不可数名词 uncount able noun 抽象名词 abst ract noun
具体名词concret noun 物质名词 mat erial noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinit e verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词st ate verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective
语法grammar 句法syntax 结构structure 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 句子sentence 简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence
常用英语语法术语表达 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类partofspeech 单词word 实词notionalword 虚词structuralword 单纯词simpleword 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part?of?speech 名词?noun? 专有名词?proper?noun? 普通名词?common?noun? 可数名词?countable?noun? 不可数名词?uncountable?noun? 抽象名词?abstract?noun? 具体名词?concrete?noun? 物质名词?material?noun? 集体名词?collective?noun? 个体名词?individual?noun? 介词?preposition? 连词?conjunction? 动词?verb? 主动词?main?verb? 及物动词?transitive?verb? 不及物动词?intransitive?verb? 系动词?link?verb? 助动词?auxiliary?verb? 情态动词?modal?verb? 规则动词?regular?verb? 不规则动词?irregular?verb? 短语动词?phrasal?verb? 限定动词?finite?verb? 非限定动词?infinite?verb? 使役动词?causative?verb
感官动词?verb?of?senses? 动态动词dynamic verb? 静态动词?state?verb? 感叹词?exclamation? 形容词?adjective 副词?adverb? 方式副词?adverb?of?manner? 程度副词?adverb?of?degree? 时间副词?adverb?of?time? 地点副词?adverb?of?place? 修饰性副词adverb of?adjunct? 连接性副词?adverb of conjunct? 疑问副词?interrogative?adverb? 关系副词?relative?adverb 代词?pronoun? 人称代词?personal?pronoun? 物主代词?possessive?pronoun? 反身代词?reflexive?pronoun? 相互代词?reciprocal?pronoun? 指示代词?demonstrative?pronoun? 疑问代词?interrogative?pronoun? 关系代词?relative?pronoun? 不定代词?indefinite?pronoun? 名词性物主代词?nominal?possessive?pronoun? 形容词性物主代词?adjectival?possessive?pronoun? 冠词?article? 定冠词?definite?article 不定冠词?indefinite?article 数词?numeral? 基数词?cardinal?numeral? 序数词?ordinal?numeral? 分数词?fractional?numeral? 形式?form? 单数形式?singular?form? 复数形式?plural?form? 限定动词?finite?verb?form? 非限定动词?non-finite?verb?form? 原形?base?form?
光通量luminous flux 光通量是指光源在单位时间里向周围空间辐射的，能引起视觉反应能量，即可见光的能量。它描述的是光源的有效辐射值，单位是1m（流明）。 同样功率的灯具的光通量可能完全不同，这是因为它们的光效不同的缘故。比如：普通照明灯泡只有10 1m/瓦，而金属卤素灯可以达到80 1m/瓦。 照度illuminance 照度是指在一个面上的光通密度，它是射入单位面积内的光通量，单位是Lx。 照度的定义和测量比较复杂，象平均柱面照度、等效球照度、标量照度等，它们的测量条件和计算方法有所不同。在建筑和装饰工程中经常会遇到、灯光系统中偶尔也涉及到照度概念。 发光强度luminous intensity 发光强度简称光强，国际单位是candela（坎德拉）简写cd。Lcd是指光源在指定方向的单位立体角内发出的光通量。 照明方式和种类例如： 1. 一般照明general lighting 2. 局部照明local lighting等 详细分类见《建筑照明术语标准》 电光源及其附件 例如： 1. 白炽灯incandescent lamp 2. 卤钨灯tungsten halogen lamp等 详细分类见《建筑照明术语标准》 灯具及其附件 例如： 1. 直接型灯具direct luminaire 2. 漫射型灯具diffused luminaire等 详细分类见《建筑照明术语标准》 采光技术例如： 1. 阳光；直射日光sunlight 2. 天空（漫射）光skylight等 详细分类见《建筑照明术语标准》 材料的光学特性和照明测量 例如： 1. 反射reflection 2. 透射transmisson 3. 漫射diffusion等 详细分类见《建筑照明术语标准》
active voice 主动语态，passive voice被动语态， absolute construction独立结构， adjective 形容词，adverd 副词，noun名词， verb动词， artical冠词， determiner限定词，quantifier量词，numeral数词， subject主语， object宾语，adverbial状语，attributive定语，complement补语，predicative表语，appositive同位语，infinitive不定式, -ing participle-ing分词, -Ed participle -ed分词，finite clause 限定从属分句，non-finitive clause非限定分句,inversion倒装，adverbial clause状语从句，subject clause主语从句，relative clause/attributive clause定语（关系）从句，从句也可以用clause as subject/object/来表示主语从句、宾语从句 时态：tense语态：voice单数：singular form复数：plural form 主谓一致：agreement of subject and verb 定语从句：attributive clause 名词性从句： noun clause 状语从句：adverbial clause 虚拟语气：subjunctive mood 冠词：article代词：pronoun形容词和副词：adjective & adverb 动词和动词词组：verbs & verb phrase 非谓语动词：Non-Predicate Verbs / Non-Finite verbs
English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类 noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法 conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词 3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类 common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词 individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词 the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格 person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数 4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类 personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词 self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词 cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词 fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类 national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词 auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式 the participle 分词the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式