第一节名词及其基础语法
一：名词语法精讲
可数名词的复数
1.规则变化：
（1）绝大多数名词的复数形式是在名词后直接加—s.
Map—maps book---books grade --- grades
(2)以字母s,sh,ch,x结尾和以辅音字母+o 结尾的名词加-es.
Bus---buses dish---dishes box---boxes
但是以字母— o 结尾的单词例外，应直接加“--s”
Piano---pianos photo---photos radio---radios zoo---zoos
(3)以字母f或fe结尾的名词构成复数形式时，要把f或fe 改为v，再加-es.
Life—lives leaf---leaves knife---knives shelf---shelves
以下单词例外，应直接加“--s”
Roof—roofs chief—chiefs
另外，handkerchief的复数形式以上两种变法都可以。
（4）以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词构成复数形式时，要把-y改成-i, 再加-es.
Story---stories baby---babies country----countries
2.不规则变化
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。
Man—men woman—women foot---feet goose---geese
(2)单复数形式相同。
a sheep—two sheep a dear----two dear
(3) 其他形式
child----children ox---oxen mouse----mice
(3)表示“某国人”的名词单，复数形式因习惯各异。
A．单，复数形式相同：
a Chinese --- two Chinese a Japanese----two Japanese
B. 词尾加—s :
a Russian --- two Russians a German--- two Germans
C. 变man为men:
an Englishman—two Englishmen a Dutchman—two Dutchmen
3.复合名词的复数形式：
(1)写成一个词且不含连字符者，通常在第二部分加复数词尾。
bathroom----bathrooms blackboard----blackboards
(2)分开写且中间没有连字符者，通常在第二部分加复数词尾，但第一部分为 man
或woman时，两部分皆变复数。
girl friend—girl friends woman doctor---women doctors
(3)含连字符者，或其中有名词，则在主题名词后加复数词尾；若其中无名词，则
在整个词尾加复数词尾。
looker-on ----- lookers-on sister-in-law----sisters-in-law
grown-up----- grown-ups go-between-----go-betweens
4.名词的格
所有格的规则如下：
（1）单数名词词尾加“＇s”,如the boy’s bag(男孩的书包)，men’s room(男
厕所)
（2）若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“＇“，如：the workers’struggle(工人的
斗争)。
（3）凡不能加“＇s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song(那首歌的名字)。
（4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或人的名字时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它
所修饰的名词，如：the barber’s(理发店)。
（5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有＇s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个＇s，
则表示“共有”。例如：
John’s and Mary’s rooms(两间) John and Mary’s room(一间)
（6）复合名词或短语＇s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or two’s
absence(缺席或离开一，两个月)
二：易混淆名词总结
1. affair 事务；绯闻 incident 偶发的事件
accident 事故 event 事变；事件
2. altitude 高度；海拔 attitude 态度；姿态
3. analysis 分析 comment 评论
4. border 边界 margin 页边空白
5. base 根基；基地 basis 根据；基础
6. custom 习俗 customs 海关
7. contest 比赛；竞赛 context (文章)上下文
8. conversation 谈话；对话 conservation 保存；保护
9. citizen 市民；公民 civilian 平民；文职人员
10. discount 折扣 account 叙述；报导
11. discovery 发现 invention 发现
12. fare(车、船)费 fee 学费；酬金
13. evolution 发展；演变 revolution 革命
14. habit 习惯 custom 习俗；习惯 hobby 业余爱好
15. award 奖品；奖金 reward 报酬；报应 prize 奖金；奖品
16. produce 农产品；土产品（没有复数）
product 工业产品或农业加工品
production 生产或文学制作品
17. perspective 透视图；远景 prospect 前途；展望
18．person 人（男女均可；强调数量） personality 个性；性格
personal 人事的；全体人员；员工
individual 个人（相对于群体而言）
19．response 反应 reaction 反应 reflection 反映
20. signature 签名 sign 标记；符号
signal 信号 message 信息；消息
21．silence 寂静 calm 平静 peace 安静
22. source 来源 resource 资源 origin 起源；开端；来历；出身
23. statute 法令；法规 statue 塑像；雕像
status 身份；社会地位 tature 身高；气质；才干
24. trace 痕迹 track 足迹；轨迹
25. way 一般的方式、方法 method 科学的有效方法
manner 礼貌；规矩
approach （搭配to）方法；步骤；入口；通向
26. machine 指具体的珠宝（一般用复数）
machinery 是机器的总称（没有复数）
27. jewel 指具体的珠宝（一般用复数）
jewellery 是珠宝的总称（没有复数）
三：易混淆名词短语总结
1）名词+between
analogy between 类似 balance between 平衡difference between 差异 link between 联系
2）名词+for
admiration for 赞赏 ambition for 雄心consideration for 体贴 charge for 收费
need for 对……的需求 occasion for 时机
outlook for 对……的展望 passion for 对……的热情reason for ……的原因 substitution for 代替sympathy for 对……的同情 wish for 希望
3）名词+in
advance in 进展 belief in 相信
confidence in 有信心 degree in 在……有学位expert in ……的专家 increase in 增长
point in 有……意义 proficiency in 精通success in 成功于
4）名词+on
action on 对……的作用（力） attack on 攻击
authority on 在……有权威 comment on 对……的评论dependence on 依赖于 discussion on 讨论
effect on 对……的影响 emphasis on 强调……impact on 对……的冲击 impression on 对……的印象influence on 影响到 lecture on 讲授judgement on 判断 mercy on 怜悯
Operation on 给……做手术 pressure on 对……的压力Stress on 强调 tax on 对……征税
5）名词+over
Advantage over 优越于 agreement over 在……上一致control over 控制
6）名词+to
access to 接近 adjustment to 调整到answer to 回答 application to 应用到approach to 入门 attention to 注意到attitude to 对……的态度 clue to ……的线索
coach to 教练 claim to 对……的要求contribution to 贡献 damage to ……的损失exposure to 暴露给 guide to ……的指南
index to 索引 indifference to 对……冷漠introduction to 导言 key to ……的关键（解答）limit to ……的极限 note to ……的注释objection to 反对 preface to ……的前言
ratio to 与……之比 reaction to 对……的反应with respect to 相当于（就……而论） resistance to 对……的阻力response to 响应
7）名词+with
accordance with 一致 association with 与……有关eombination with 同……结合 compromise with 同……妥协eonnection with 同……相连 contact with 与……接触encounter with 与……相遇 marriage with 和……结婚四：历年真题聚焦
1.Tom succeeded in getting a ______ of $3000 from the bank to buy a new
house. (2002)
A. debt
B. fund
C. loan
D. payment
2. The ______ into the fire accident was carried out by two policemen.(2002)
A. question
B. doubt
C. investigation
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html,rmation
3. Those scientists were conducting an experiment and expect a good _____.(2003)
A. effect
B. result
C. consequence
D. affect
4. What they have done for us can’t be meaured in _____ of money.(2003)
A. way
B. means
C. terms
D. place
5. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with university education.(2004)
A. opportunities
B. necessities
C. realities
D. possibilities
6. There are no ____ medicine for Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome ( AIDS). (2004)
A. effect
B. effective
C. efficient
D. efficacy
7. Hemingway spoke highly of such ____ as loyalty,courge and
determination shown by human beings in his works. (2005)
A. features
B. appearances
C. virtues
D. characteristics
8. There is no ____ arguing about it, just do as you are told.(2005)
A. reason
B. way
C. point
D. meaning
9. They always keep on good ____ with their next-door neighbors for the
children’s sake. (2006)
A. friendship
B. terms
C. relations
D. relatives
10. I’m afraid that there is no ____ for you in my car. (2006)
A. place
B. seat
C. corner
D. room
11. I don’t feel like swimming in the sea today. I’d rather lie in the
______.(2006)
A. coast
B. bank
C. seaside
D. beach
12. The actual cost of the house was higher than their original
______.(2006)
A. consideration
B. plan
C. judgement
D. estimate
13. I saw a traffic____ this morning. (2007)
A. event
B. conflict
C. damage
D. accident
14. Those opinions are now out of _____(2007).
A. order
B. form
C. mood
D. fashion
15. The pupulations of the world is growing at a dangerous _____.(2007)
A. step
B. measure
C. rate
D. progress
16. A man who wants to start a business must have some _____.(2008)
A. currency
B. income
C. wealth
D. capital
17. At the conference he expressed some personal views which brought him
into ____ with the Party leadership.
A. action
B. crisis
C. conflict
D. power
18. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original
______.(2008)
A. consideration
B. judgement
C. estimate
D. plan
19. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _______ when judging
my exam. (2008)
A. regard
B. counting
C. account
D. observation
20. We have still tremendous _____ to overcome before we achieve our goal.
(2008)
A. obligations
B. objections
C. obstacles
D. objects
21. It wasn’t an accident. He did it on ______.(2008)
A. reason
B. intention
C. purpose
D. determination
22. Having applied for a _____ in the office of the local newspaper,he
was told to see the manager.(2008)
A. position
B. career
C. profession
D. location
23. The population of the world is growing at a dangerous _____. (2009)
A. pace
B. meaure
C. progress
D. rate
24. I took the medicine, but it didn’t have any ____ on me. (20009)
A. effect
B. relation
C. touch
D. affect
25. We develop trade with that company for shared ______(2009)
A．honor B. reward C. benefit D. prize
26. You’ll have to book the tickets for the holiday in ______.(2009)
A. front
B. advance
C. ahead
D. forward
27. My daughter and I took a _____ tour around New York City. (2009)
A. two day
B. two day’s C two-days D. two-day
28. Your brother is very tall. What is his exact ______? (2009)
A. size
B. length
C. height
D. breadth
答案为CCBCABCCBDDDDDCDCCCCCDACBDC
第二节动词及其基础语法
一. 动词的语法分析
（1）实义动词
实义动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后边可以直接跟宾语，可以用于被动语态。如： I see an opportunity in every challenge. 他受到社区里边的每一个人的尊重。不及物动词不要求后面接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
如： He never works hard. 他工作从来不努力。Her plan has changed. 他的计划已经改变了。还有些动词既可以做不及物动词还可以做及物动词。如：Change your way of thinking if necessary. 必要时改变你的思考方式。 We must always change. 我们必须一直改变着。 God helps thoese who help themselves. 天助自主者。
（2）连系动词
连系动词必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构做谓语。如下：
a)连系动词 + 形容词（最常见的一种形式）
I felt pleasant taking a walk in the park. 我在公园里散步感到很惬意。
He is not a tall man, but he looks strong. 他个子不高，但是看起来很强壮。
He remained single all his life. 他一生独身。
b)连系动词 + 名词。常用的连系动词有：become, die, draw, fall, live,
look, make,play, prove, remain, return, seem, stand, turn等。
His dreams has now become a reality. 他的梦想实现了。
It seemed to me a good idea. 这个主意不错。
c)连系动词 + 分词。常用的连系动词有： appear, become, come, feel, get,
grow, look, pass, prove, remain, rest, seem, stand等。
At last the truth became known. 最后真相大白了。
There’s nothing to get excited about. 没有什么可以激动的。
She seemed lacking in imagination. 她似乎缺乏想象力。
d)连系动词 + 介词短语。常用的连系动词有：appear, come, continue, fall,
grow, keep,look, prove, remain, seem, shine, smell, sound, stand, taste等。
He has fallen into a bad habit. 他沾染了一种坏习惯。
Milk only keeps for a few days. 牛奶只能保鲜数天。
The agreement shall remain in force for a period of five years.
这个协议的有效期为5年。
（3）情态动词
情态动词表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情感。情态动词不能独立使用，而是用来表达不同的理念，必须和动词原形一起来构成谓语，无人称和数的变化。情态动词的特殊的用法如下：
e)must 和 have to 的用法。Must 强调主观性，表示主观上认为有必要做某
事；have to 强调客观需要，表示客观环境促使而不得不做的事。Must 一般只用于现在时态，而have to 则有更多的时态形式。I must learn another language.（主观想法：我想要……）I have to learn another language.
（客观需要：如作为一位外交官，我不得不……）.It will have to be finished in two days. 这件事得在两天内完成。 He has had to reconsider his position. 他不得不重新考虑他的立场。另，两者的否定意义不相同。
Must not 表示“不准，不允许”，而don’t have to 表示“不必”。You must’t go .你决不可以去。You don’t have to go. 你不必去。
f)ought to,must, have to, should 的比较。Ought 表示义务或责任，具有
针对性。Must 强调的是主观愿望，指必须做什么，具有权威性。Have to 表示某种情况所迫而不得不做某事，具有客观性。Should 与ought to 同义，但在日常交际中多用should,表示一般的忠告。You ougth to resect the old.
应该尊敬长辈。You must do it at once. 你必须立即做这件事。We’ll have to reconsider the matter.我们不得不重新考虑这件事。We should think more for the people. 我们应该多为人民着想。
二：易混淆动词及动词词组总结
A. 易混淆动词汇总
1.gather 聚集；采集 accumulate 积累；蓄积
2.collect 收集 assemble 集合；组合
reform 改革 remind sb. of sth.通知某人某事
3.assure 使人确信 ensure 确保某事发生
guarantee 保证 promise 答应；许诺
confirm sb. of 使人确信……
4.assume 假设；认为 resume 重新开始
consume 消费
5.grant 授予（某人）荣誉、奖励 entitle 授予（某人）权利
award 奖励；奖金 enlist 报名参加；从军
6.adopt 收养；采纳 adapt to …适应
7.apply to 适用于…;应用到… apply for 申请…
8.vary 变化 transfer 转移；调动
alter 使改动；使变动 shift 转嫁；转移
9.raise（vt.）举起；提起 arose（vt.）唤醒；激起
arise（vi.）发生；出现 rise（vi.）上涨；上升
10.contribute to 有助于…；滋长了… attribute to 归功于…
distribute to 分发… devote to 献身…;奉献…11.include 包括（指部分） contain 包含（指全部）；容纳 involve 意味着；涉及 comprise 由…构成
12.transport 运输 transmit 传播；传染
transform 变形；形成 transplant 移植
13.affect(动词)影响 effect(名词)效果
14.happen(vi)(偶然)发生 occur 出现；发生
arise 出现
15.postpone 推迟 cancle 取消
refuse 拒绝
16.interfere 干预；干涉 interrupt 打断
distract 使人分心；分散注意力 disturb 打扰、妨碍某人
17.restore 储存 recover 康复
18.scatter 散落；散开 spread 传播；传开
19.separate…from 把…分开 divide…into 把…分成
20.distinguish/tell…from…区分… differ from 不同于…
21.reduce 减少 induce 劝说；引导
deduce 推断；推理
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html,press 压缩；压紧 contract 使收缩；缩短
condense 气体冷凝；凝结；使浓缩
23.reveal 暴露（身份、年龄等） expose 把…露在外面
24.display 陈列；展示 exhibit 展览
present 出席；到场
25.exhaust 使人疲惫 consume 消耗
26.change 变化；改变 exchange 交换
replace 代替
三.易混淆动词短语总汇
1.add to 增加；增进 add…to…把…加进…
add up 相加 add up to总计；所有者一切说明2.break away from 打破；脱离；挣脱；改掉
break down 出毛病；身体（精神）衰弱；分解；拆开
break up 捣碎；驱散；瓦解；学期结束；拆散
break off 暂停；中断 break in 强行进入；插话
break into pieces 成为碎片 break out 爆发
break through 突破
3.bring up 抚养；呕吐；提出 bring about 造成
bring out 拿出；出版 bring in 引入；引进；挣钱
bring back 使回想起 bring down 使下降；使倒下4.call on 号召；拜访（某人） call at 拜访、参观（某地） call for 去叫某人；要求；需要 call up 使回忆起；征召入伍 call in 召集；请某人来 call out 大喊；高叫
call off 取消；不举行
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html,e about 发生；出现 come down下跌；落；降；传下来 come in 进来 come along 一道来；赶快
come on 来临；快点 come out 出版；结果是
come over 走过来 come up 发芽；走近
come across 偶然碰到 come back 回想起
come from 来自；源自
come into(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) 出来
come to 达到（an end/an agreement/a stop）苏醒；合计；总共是
6.cut across 抄近路 cut down 砍到；削减
cut off 切断；割掉；断绝关系 cut up 连根拔除；切碎
cut through 剪断；凿穿 cut out 删（省）掉；戒掉
cut in 插嘴
7.die of(disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感原因）
die from 死于（意外事故、情形） die away 渐渐消失
die out 绝种 die down （炉火）渐熄
die off 逐一死去
8.fall behind 落后 fall over one’s feet 跌跤
fall down 掉下；跌倒 fall back 撤退；后退
9.go in for 从事；喜爱；参加 go through 通过；经受
go over 复习；检查 go up (价格)上涨；建造起来
go after 追捕；追赶 go against 违反
go ahead 先行；开始吧；问吧；说吧 go away 离开
go down 下沉；降低；（日月）西沉 go by 时间过去
go on (with) 继续进行 go with 相配；陪同
go without 没有；缺少 go out 外出；熄灭
go off 爆炸；进行；变坏；断电；停止供应
go all out 全力以赴 go back on 背约；食言
go beyond 超出
10.get down 下来；记下；使沮丧 get down to 致力于；专心于
get on 进展；进步；穿上；上车 get off 脱下；下车
get in 收集；插（话） get away 逃跑；逃脱；去休假
get over 忘记；越过；克服；从疾病中恢复
get along with 进展；相处 get up 起床
get through 打通电话；完成；通过 get back 取回；收回
get round 消息传开 get close to sth. 接近；几乎
get into(trouble) 陷入（麻烦） get to (know) 逐渐（知道）11.give out 发出；疲劳；分发；公布 give away 赠送；泄露；出卖 give off 发出（光、热、气体） give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up 放弃；让（座位）
12.hand in 交上；提交 hand out 分发
hand down 流传；遗传
13.hang about 闲逛 hang up 挂电话
14.hold back 阻止；隐瞒 hold up 挂电话
hold on 别挂电话；等等；坚持 hold out 坚持；持续；伸出 hold down 控制；镇压
15.keep off (grass) 不接近；离开 keep up with 跟上
keep out of 不让…进入… keep from 克制；阻止
keep back 阻止；留下；隐瞒；扣下 keep on 继续；坚持下来
keep to (rules,promise) 坚持、遵守（规则、诺言）
keep up （courage,spirits）保持（勇气、精神）
keep away from 避开；不接近；；离…远远的
16.knock at/on 敲 konck into 撞到某人身上
konck down 撞倒 konck out of 把…敲出
knock over 撞到 knock off 停止工作；休息17.leave for 离开前往 leave out 删去；遗漏
leave behind 遗留；忘记拿走 leave to 留给；遗嘱赠与
leave over 遗留；剩下；延期
18.look up 查找；向上看 look through 翻阅；浏览
look on 旁观 look on…as…看作…
look after/at/for 照顾/照看/寻找 look into 调查
look about/around/round 四下查看 look out（for）当心…
look down upon 瞧不起 look back upon 回忆；回顾 look sb. upon and down 仔细打量某人
look sb. in the face/eyes 直视某人
19.make up 编造；配制；打扮；组成 make up for 弥补
make into/of/from 制成 make for 走向；驶往；促使 make out 弄懂；发现；看出；填写；开列（清单）
20.pass away 去世 pass by 经过
pass down(on) … to 传给 pass through 经历
pass over 漠视；忽视
21.pay back 还钱；报复 pay off 还清
pay for 付钱；为…受到惩罚；因…得到报应
22.pick up 拾起；获得（information）；接人；站起；收听；恢复；重获 pick out 挑选；辨认；看出
23.put down 记下；平息 put up with 忍受
put out 伸出；扑灭 put off 推迟
put into 放进；翻译 put qway 放好；存钱put forward 提出；提前 put through 接通电话
put aside 放到一边 put back 放回
put on 穿戴；上映；增加（put on weight/speed）
pick up 搭起；张贴；举起；安装
24.pull down 拆掉；推翻 pull on/off 匆匆穿上/脱掉 pull in 进站 pull out 取出；（火车）离站 pull down 往下拉；拆毁 pull over （车）驶到一边 pull up (使)停住
pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关；脱离险境
25.push over 推到；刮倒
push ahead（on,forward）继续前进；坚持下去
push through 排除困难办好某事；努力设法通过；挤过
26.run across 偶然碰到 run after 追逐；追捕
run away 逃跑 run for 竞选
run out of 用完
run into 偶然碰到（困难）；遇见（人）；相撞
27.see off 送行 see to 照料；照管
28.send for 派人去请 send off 送行
send out 发出（光亮）等 send up 发射
29.set up 建立 set off 出发；触发；引起
set out 动身；着手（to do）；陈述 set about 开始着手（doing）
set to work(n.) 开始做 set back 拨回；使推迟
30.take off 脱掉；起飞 take on 呈现；雇佣
take away 拿走 take in 吸收；领会
take up 从事；占用（时间空间） take down 记录；取下
take back 收回 take for 误认为
take along 随身带 take over 接管
take out 拿出；带出
31.think of 想起 think of … as 把…看作…
think out 想出 think up 想出
think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑
think well /highly of sb. 对某人看法好
32.turn off/on 打开 turn in 上缴
turn away 打发走；驱逐；转过脸去 turn down 调低；拒绝
turn against 变得敌视；反对 turn to 转向；求助
turn back 返回；转回去 turn around 转过身来
turn up 向上翻；露面；出现；音量调大
turn upside down 把…倒置；弄得乱七八糟
turn over 翻身；反复考虑；翻（书页）；翻转
turn out 证明为；结果；制造成品
四. 动词真题聚焦
1. I didn’t know what to buy then an idea suddenly _____ to me. (2002)
A. happened
B. entered
C. occurred
D. hit
2. It was such a hot day that everyone _____ swimming n the river. (2002)
A.felt like
B. tendered to
C. made for
D. turned out
3. Once a decision is made, it must be firmly ____.(2003)
A. carried on
B. carried out
C. carried away
D. carried off
4. The color _____ from yellow through green to black. (2003)
A. ranges
B. constitutes
C. composes
D. consists
5. They liked the area, but they could not ____ the traffic noise. (2004)
A. get on with
B. put up with
C. put on with
D. get up with
6. I was surprised to find his article on such an ____topic so _____.(2004)
A. excited,boring
B. exciting, boring
C.excited, bored
D. exciting, bored
7. His speech was so interesting that it was constantly______ by applause.(2004)
A. interfered
B. interrupted
C. troubled
D. disturbed
8. He has planned to _______ some money every month so that he can buy
a house in the future.(2004)
A. set aside
B. set up
C. set in
D. set along
9. He used to get up at six in the morning, _______?(2004)
A. used be
B. did he
C. didn’t he
D. should be
10. The speaker doesn’t know how to _____ his arguments. (2004)
A. put aside
B. put away
C. put across
D. put down
11. He tried to make up ______ the lost time ____ staying up late. (2004)
A. with;by
B. for;by
C. with;with
D. for;with
12. They made every effort to ____ the costs of the construction project.
(2005)
A. bring off
B. bring down
C. bring back
D. bring up
13. The violinist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great
disappointment.(2005)
A. turned up
B. turned out
C. turned in
D. turned over
14. A lot of new difficulties _____ when the tax system came into existence.
(2005)
A. raised
B. aroused
C. arose
D. rose
15. “You daughter has two children, doesn’t she?” (2005)
“Yes. She____in 1980.”
A. married
B. had married
C. was married
D. got married
16. We should value the rich legacy of literature which the old generation
has ____ to us. (2005)
A. handed out
B. handed over
C. handed in
D.handed down
17. The news came as a shocking blow that the young man had ____ the suicide.
(2005)
A. acted
B. commited
C. performed
D. made.
18. She was so ___ in the computer games that she forgot to have class.
(2005)
A. attacted
B. concentrated
C. involved
D. drawn
19. We are interested in the weather because it ____ us so directly. (2006)
A. benefits
B. affects
C. guides
D. effects
20. I have to ___ my expenditure to my income. (2007)
A. transfer
B. adjust
C. direct
D. add
21. With the development of industry, this region will surely
____.(2007)
A. develop
B. profit
C. succeed
D. thrive
22. Which door does this key___ to? (2007)
A. set
B. fit
C. become
D. belong
23. The committee _____ a conclusion only after days of discussion. (2007)
A. achieved
B. reached
C. arrived
D. completed
24. ____ that step is not safe!(2007)
A. Look around
B. Look up
C. Look out
D.Look down
25. Finding it difficult to ___ to the climate in the city, he decided
to move to the north.(2007)
A. fit
B. adopt
C. suit
D. adapt
26. Just because he failed once, it does not _____ that he will fail every
time.(2007)
A. follow
B. happen
C. appear
D. seem
27. When they finished playing, the children were made to _____ all the
toys they had taken out. (2007)
A. put off
B. put up
C. put out
D. put away.
28. If you don’t feel well,please ___ the doctor.
A. answer
B. promise
C. teach
D. consult
29. People are _____ to smoke at a gas station. (2007)
A. prevented
B. forbidden
C.stopped
D. objected
30. People living in cities ___ to suffer from stress more than people
in the countryside. (2007)
A. intend
B. learn
C. tend
D. incline
31. It took him several months to ____ the wild horse. (2007)
A. cultivate
B. breed
C. tend
D. tame
32. I finally ____ to study much harder in the future. (2009)
A. prepared
B. made up my mind
C. worked out
D. made out
33. The old couple decided to _____ a boy through they had three of their
own. (2009)
A. adapt
B. bring
C. receive
D. adopt
34. Alice trusts you; only you can ____ her to give up the foolish idea.
(2009)
A. suggest
B. attract
C. tempt
D. persuade
35. You must walk slowly if you want the children to ____ you. (2009)
A. put up with
B. come up with
C. keep up with
D. go on with
36. The age of the students in this class _____ from eighteen to twenty.
(2009)
A. changes
B. ranges
C. alters
D. limits
37. It would be _____ a risk to let the child go to school by himself.
(2009)
A. following
B. passing
C. running
D. carrying
38. He _ a knowledge of this language by careful study. (2009)
A. acquired
B. required
C. inquired
D. requested
39. If you take this medicine twice a day, it should ____ your cold.
(2009)
A. heal
B. cure
C. treat
D. recover
40. Children who are overprotected by their parents may become
_____.(2009)
A. hurt
B. spoiled
C. damaged
D. harmed
答案：CABAB BBACC BBBCD DBCBB DDBCD ADDBC DBDDC BCAAB
第三节形容词副词及其基础用法
一：形容词及其副词的语法功能
形容词，副词的语法分析
1.形容词的比较级和最高级
2.副词的排列顺序
3.易混副词用法比较
4.倍数表示法：倍数 + as + adj.+ as = 倍数 + the … + of. 例如：
This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。注意：用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as 的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。
5.下列词可修饰比较级：a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many,
a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。
二：易混淆形容词，副词总结
1. ashamed 惭愧的 shameful 可耻的
2. asleep 睡着的 sleepy 困的；想睡的
3. alone 单独的 lonely 孤独的
4. alive 活的（表语） living 活的（定语、表语）
lively 活跃的 live 活的；实况直播的
5. considerable 考虑周到的；相当多的 considerate 体贴的
6. comparable 可比的 comparative 比较的
7. credible 可信的 credulous 轻信的
8. consequently 因此 constantly 不停地
consistently 一贯地；始终如一地 continuously 不停地
9. average 平均；中等 ordinary 普通的
regular 有规律的 normal 正常的；规范的
10.dependent 依赖的 dependable 可信赖的
11.deadly 致命的 deathly 如死一般的
dead 死了的 dying 将要死的
12.economic 经济的 economical 节省的；节俭的
13.exhaustive 彻底的 exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的
14.efficient 高效率的 effective 有效的
valid （法律）有效的
15.healthy 健康的 healthful 对健康有益的
healthily 旺盛地
16.industrious 勤劳的 industrial 工业的
17.intelligent 聪明的 intelligible 富有想象力的
18.imaginary 想象中的 imaginative 富有想象力的
imaginable 可以想象的
19.delicate 易碎的；娇弱的 elaborate 详尽的；精心的
20.empty 空的 bare 光的；裸露的
blank 空白的；茫然的 vacant 空缺的
21.opposite 对面的 opposing 相对的
22.historic 有历史意义的 historical 历史上的
23.respectful 恭敬的 respective 各自的；分别的
respectable 可敬的 respecting 关于…
24.immoral 不道德的 amoral 与道德无关的
25.invaluable 无价的，等于priceless valuess 不值钱的
26.too much + 不可数名词 much too + 形容词/副词
27.sensitive 易受影响；敏感的 sensual 性感的；肉体上的sensible 明智的；合理的 sensory 感官的；感觉上的
三：形容词及其副词的专升本常见六大考点
用形容词表示类别和整体
1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如：the
一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如： I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。 二、现在进行时 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。 三、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。) 2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如： ——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. ——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. 5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work. 四、现在完成进行时 1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
【Vocabulary and Structure】专项练习100题 1. It is well known that Tomas Edison __________ the electric lamp. A. discovered B. Found C. developed D. invented 2. I couldn’t enter the lab because I had ____________ the key in my office. A. taken B. left C. missed D. got 3. I regret ____________ you that we are unable to offer you employment. A. informing C. to inform B. having informed D. to have informed 4. The chairman has informed us that he ____________a few minutes late after the meeting begins. A. has arrived C. could arrive B. should arrive D. may arrive 5. She had made __________many mistakes in the article that we couldn’t catch what she meant. A. such B. that C. so D. as 6. I sincerely ____________him to make great progress with his new job in a short tine. A. expect B. believe C. think D. instruct 7. Is ____________ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. such 8. She said she would live in London for ____________ four or five years. A. another B. others C. other D. the others 9. Mr. Smith used to smoke ____________but he has given it up now. A. badly B. seriously C. heavily D. hardly 10. Thousands of people took part in when the old temple ____________. A. was rebuilding C. would be rebuilt B. was being rebuilt D. had been rebuilt 【1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.A7.C8.A9.C10.B】 11. ____ with each other, two systems can work better. A) When combine C) When combined B) When combining D) When they combined 12. It's important that everyone ____ here on time. A) is B) will be C) must be D) be 13. The stormy weather gradually gave _____ to a period of sunshine. A) room B) way C) space D) place 14. I could not do anything except just _____ for him to come round. A) waiting B) to wait C) waited D) wait 15. I can't _____ the sight of that poor man. A) suffer B) endure C) bear D) put up 16. Wang Ming ____ ill. I saw him playing basketball a moment ago. A) needn't have been C) couldn't have been B) must have been D) can't be 17. ____ that her son had fallen from a tree and broken his leg, she hurried back home.
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes，the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式leaves 答案C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案B 3. Mr. Brown，and not I ，________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语Mr.Brown 答案A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。
A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式feet 答案C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案A 7. The flood has done _____ to this area。 A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting。 A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。 present 呈现，介绍
河南专升本网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html, 真诚·用心服务考生 专升本英语语法复习 （雨姐破译） 时态一．一般现在时 一般 + s; 在以 ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后 + es (teaches, goes, washes, fixes, guesses); 在以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词后，变 y 为 i 后再加-es (studies, tries) 1. 表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 every day, once a week, often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom 等时间状语连用： -We go there twice a month. -Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations. (d. required - requires) 2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等： -He has great concern for others. -Matter exists in three states. 3. 表示客观事物或普遍真理： -Light travels faster than sound. -Japan lies to the east of China. 4. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作： -The plane takes off at five. 5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作（when, after, before, as soon as, until; if, unless): -If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match. -A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloom when rain will come. (will come - comes) 二．现在进行时 study-studying; come-coming; sit-sitting (forget-forgetting); die-dying 通常不能用于现在进行时的常见动词如下： see, hear, smell, taste, know, find, forget, notice, suggest, be, love, like, want, hope, wish, prefer, hate, understand, remember, believe, have, consist, seem. 1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作： -The students are running to the sports-field. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定在进行： -He is writing a novel this year. 3. 可表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于 go, come, leave, start 等动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如 tomorrow, tonight, this coming Friday 等，表示安排或计划好的事情： -Those visitors are leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 4. 用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩： -The boy who is sitting beside me is always asking me a lot of whys and hows. -He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window
第一讲谓语动词时态 一、谓语动词时态 1.When I went into the gym,he__________a heavy weight. A.lifted B.was lifting C.has lifted D.was lifted 2.The more you practise,the greater progress you_________. A.will make B.have made C.are making D.have been making 3.The train from this station__________on time. A.never leaves B.will never leave C.leaving D.was never leaving 4.Fetch a doctor.The wounded soldier__________. A.was dead B.died C.is dying D.has been dead 5.The customer________the money on the counter and went away. https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html,y B.lied https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a14445834.html,id D.was laying 6.She wanted to know whether you________her. A.will help B.will be helping C.would be helping D.would help 7.I won't be able to watch the program because I________my homework at that time. A.shall have done B.will do C.shall be done D.will be doing 8.My brother________while he________his bicycle and hurt himself. A.fell;was riding B.fell;were riding C.had fallen; D.had fallen;was riding 9.I had no sooner reached home than it_________to rain. A:had began B:began C:begin D:begin to 10.I________about it since you had told m e what happened A:had been thinking B:had thought C:was thinking D:thought 第二讲情态动词
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
普通专升本考试英语复 习语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。
主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been
neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案 A
目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）......................... 二、不定式................................................ 三、动词的时态和语态...................................... 一般现在时的特例............................................ 一般过去时的注意点.......................................... 一般将来时的注意点.......................................... 四、非谓语动词............................................ 五、复合式谓语............................................ 六、动词的虚拟语气........................................ 七、状语从句 (50) 1、时间状语从句............................................. 2.地点状语从句.............................................. 3、原因状语从句............................................. 4．条件状语从句............................................. 5．让步状语从句............................................. 6．目的状语从句............................................. 7．结果状语从句............................................. 8．方式状语从句............................................. 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate
语法 第一节词性 一．名词 1. 名词作形容词使用 名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。 They live in a country house. 他们住在乡下的房子里。 He often visits a night club. 他经常去夜总会。 2. 名词的所有格 1) 表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’ car , the dog’ food. 这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news; three hour’s journey. 2) 如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。 (1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car (2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society (3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this coc iety (4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this. (5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。) (6)用连字符号连接的两个或者两个以上的词作定语时，其中的名词不能用复数：100-metre race（百米跑） 3) 名词的数 绝大多数棵树名词的复数形式为名词加-s或者-es, 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词要先变y为i，再加es.
名词练习 1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves 2. There are three ____ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes 4. They are ____ of different presses. Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s 5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs 6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks 7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a 8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
学习好资料欢迎下载 第一讲谓语动词时态 一、谓语动词时态 1.When I went into the gym, he __________ a heavy weight. A. lifted B. was lifting C. has lifted D. was lifted 2. The more you practise, the greater progress you _________. A. will make B. have made C. are making D. have been making 3. The train from this station __________ on time. A. never leaves B. will never leave C. leaving D. was never leaving 4. Fetch a doctor. The wounded soldier __________. A. was dead B. died C. is dying D. has been dead 5. The customer ________ the money on the counter and went away. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. was laying 6. She wanted to know whether you ________ her. A. will help B. will be helping C. would be helping D. would help 7.I won't be able to watch the program because I ________ my homework at that time. A. shall have done B. will do C. shall be done D. will be doing 8. My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C. had fallen; D. had fallen; was riding 9.I had no sooner reached home than it _________ to rain. A: had began B:began C:begin D: begin to 10. I ________ about it since you had told m e what happened A: had been thinking B: had thought C:was thinking D: thought 第二讲情态动词 1. I haven't got anything to do, so I _______ go with you.
一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
1. The most important is not_____ you do, but_____ you do it. A、when; how B、what; what C、what; how D、how; what 参考答案：C 参考解析： ［翻译］最重要的不是你做什么，而是你怎么做。 ［考点］名词性从句 【精析】C分析句子结构可知空格后的从句在句中作表语，因此这是一个表语从句。由第一空后的you do可知此空应选what作do的宾语，而第二空后为you do it，句子成分完整，因此应选副词how，表示“怎么，如何”，故本题应选C。 2. Nothing can _____ unless you tell us the truth. A、do B、does C、have been done D、be done 参考答案：D 参考解析： 【精析】D句意：除非你告诉我们真相，否则我们什么都做不了。动词的语态题。分析句子结构可知，主语nothing与谓语动词do之间为动宾关系，应该用被动语态，故选D。 3. You （）wear your glasses, for the words are rather small. A、had better B、had better to C、would rather D、would rather to 参考答案：A 参考解析： 【翻译】这些字非常小，你最好戴上眼镜。 ［考点］词义辨析 【精析】A had better:最好，还是……好，后跟动词原形；would rather:宁愿，宁可,后跟动词原形。根据句意可知，选A。 4. I rushed to the meeting without breakfast, only （）that it had been postponed. A、to tell B、to be told C、telling D、told
?主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词） ? 1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化?During the past decade, huge changes have happened in my hometown. ?This morning, a traffic accident happened in this street. ?This afternoon, a meeting will take place in Room 201. ?Take place ?Take the place of ?Replace ?Happen ?Occur ?Take place ?happen take place occur ?Currently ?During the past decade, great changes have taken place in my hometown. ?2 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 ?In 1919, May 4th Movement took place in Beijing. ///// ?Break out ?Break through ?Break up
?Broke broken ?May 4th Movement broke ?Out in Beijing in 1919 ?3.每天八时开始上课。 ?Class begins at 8 o?clock every day. –Everyday English ?Classes begin at eight o?clock every day 主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语） ?你们必须在两周内看完这些书 ?Y ou must finish reading these books within two weeks. ?我喜欢看书。 ?you must finish reading these books within two weeks. 主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语） ?她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 ?Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten. ?Take care of ?Look at doing sth ?Look to ?Look into ?Her job is to take care of/ taking care of kids in the kindergarten. ?这本书是有关美国历史。