An simple introduction
To British culture
Term paper
British customs
Name: xxxx
Student ID: xxxx
Class&major: xxxx
British customs
Main idea: British customs are wonderful and interesting, you can find many excellent masterpieces and brilliant paintings in some occasions. They are British most valuable cultural treasure, the customs has something to do with its locations. The mountains, rivers, forests, splendid mansions, all of them have a great influence on their culture.
Outline:
Ⅰ.An introduction to London and the influence which bring to Britain .
Ⅱ. In the UK, Christmas calendar New Year's Day, although not as grand, but New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, or used in accordance with local customs
Ⅲ .The Gothicismus movement took pride in the Gothic tradition that the Ostrogoths and their king Theodoric the Great who assumed power in the Roman Empire had Scandinavian ancestry
Ⅳ .During the 17th century, Danes and Swedes competed for the collection and publication of Iceland manuscripts, Norse sagas, and the two Eddas.
London is a cosmopolitan mixture of the Third and First worlds, of chauffeurs and beggars, of the establishment, the avowedly working class and the avant-garde. Unlike comparable European
cities, much of London looks unplanned and grubby, but that is
part of its appeal. Visiting London is like being let loose on a giant-sized Monopoly board clogged with traffic. Even though you probably won't know where the hell you are, at least the names will look reassuringly familiar. The city is so enormous, visitors will need to make maximum use of the underground train system: unfortunately, this dislocates the city's geography and makes it hard to get your bearings.
London is a year-round tourist center, with few of its attractions closing or significantly reducing their opening hours in winter. Your best chance of good weather is, of course, at the height of summer in July and August, but there's certainly no guarantee of sun even in those months and that is when you can expect the biggest crowds and highest prices.
A resting place of the royals, Westminster Abbey, is one of the most visited churches in the Christian world. It's a beautiful building, full of morose tombs and monuments, with an acoustic field that will send shivers down your spine when the choirboys clear their throats. The roll call of the dead and honored is guaranteed to humble the greatest egoist, despite the weighty and ornate memorabilia.
In the UK, Christmas calendar New Year's Day, although not as grand, but New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, or used in accordance with local customs and uniform to carry out all kinds of celebrations, to show to get rid of. The British New Year's Eve the night, often bring cakes and wine to go out to visit, they do not knock on the door, they go straight into the family and friends at home. According to British custom, night New Year's Eve 1000,
after the first foot forward towards the house of people, heralding a new year of luck. If the first guest was a black-haired man, or a happy, happy and affluent people, the owner will be lucky to go good luck throughout the year. If the first guest is a light yellow hair and a woman, or a sad, poor, unfortunate people, the owner will be in the new year has been bad luck, would encounter difficulties
and disasters.
Jia Zuoke New Year's Eve at the relatives and friends who, without talking before, we must first went to fiddle with fireplace fire, blessing master "open the door down." Britain's New Year's celebrations mostly in the New Year's Eve fire at night, "New Year Banquet," is one of this party into "family dinner" and "group banquet" two, banquets usually from 8 pm to begin the New Year's Eve until the early hours of New Year's Day end. Wine dinner with a variety of dishes and snacks for people to drink all night up and quantity of entertainment.
At midnight, people turn on the radio to listen to church bells of the New Year's bell, bell ringing, people are a joy, toast, enjoy cheering, singing, "past the sun." "New Year's Eve" is another celebration. By the local hotels and dance parties, night fell. People dressed in their holiday best, from all directions, a new kit
to these decorative lights brilliant dance, in the wonderful music in the dance, thousands of people, but also gathered to every square around the center of the square's fountain and Eros god elephant, singing and dancing, enjoy carnival.
Square is also broadcast live on television to do so at this, "Shou Sui" who also share the joy.
Gothicismus, Gothism, or Gothicism (Swedish: G?ticism) is the name given to what is considered to have been a cultural movement in Sweden. The founders of the movement were Nicolaus Ragvaldi, the brothers Johannes Magnus, Olaus Magnus and Olof Rudbeck d.?.. They all held the belief that the Goths had originally lived in Sweden. This belief continued to hold power in the 17th century, when Sweden was a great power following the Thirty Years' War, but lost most of its sway in the 18th. It was revitalized by national romanticism in the early 19th century, this time with the vikings as heroic figures.
The name is derived from Jordanes's account of the Gothic urheimat in Scandinavia (Scandza), and the Gothicists in Sweden believed that the Goths had originated from Sweden. Some scholars in Denmark also attempted to identify the Goths with the Jutes, however, these ideas did not lead to the same widespread cultural movement in the Danish society as it did in the Swedish. In contrast with the Swedes, the Danes of this era did not forward claims to political legitimacy based on assertions that their country was the original homeland of the Goths and that the conquest of the Roman Empire was proof of their own country's military valor and power through history
The Gothicismus movement took pride in the Gothic tradition that the Ostrogoths and their king Theodoric the Great who assumed power in the Roman Empire had Scandinavian ancestry.
This pride was expressed as early as the medieval chronicles, where chroniclers wrote about the Goths as the ancestors of the Scandinavians, and it permeated the writings of the Swedish writer Johannes Magnus (Historia de omnibus gothorum seonumque regibus) and his brother Olaus Magnus (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus). Both works had a large impact on contemporary scholarship in Sweden.
During the 17th century, Danes and Swedes competed for the collection and publication of Iceland manuscripts, Norse sagas, and the two Eddas. In Sweden, the Icelandic manuscripts became part of an origin myth and were seen as proof that the greatness and heroism of the old Geats had been passed down through the generations to the current population. This pride culminated in the publication of Olaus Rudbeck's Atland eller Manheim, where he claimed that Sweden was identical to Atlantis.
Reference:
Contemporary British culture and society
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5c2940890.html,/question/1307050101315.html
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5c2940890.html,/question/115837417.html
An Analysis of the Design of the First Assembly in Pride and Prejudice [Abstract] In Pride and Prejudice, the first assembly is the stage of the debut of hero, Darcy and the heroine, Elizabeth. Therefore, the design of this assembly, including which part of the assembly should be narrated directly in the description of the assembly, how to do with other things happened during the party, how to shape the characteristics and personality of the two main characters as well as other important role on the assembly, is essentially significant to the character portrait for the whole novel. Mainly employing description of language and technique of comparative description, the plot about this assembly is well-designed as three parts, before, during and after the assembly, which is efficient to the character figuring of the novel. [Keywords] character figuring, design, description of language, comparative description The novel introduces the first assembly in Chapter 3, using only half of a chapter to directly describe things happened on the party while two other whole chapter to show people’s discussion on it. By the delicate design, vivid language description and useful comparative description, the description of this party is highly efficient to the chapter portrait of this novel. Before the party, Mrs. Bennet’s worry about Mr. Bingley’s going into the town is showed, which totally reveals the purpose of Mrs. Bennet’s participating in the dinner, again echoing the description of Mrs. Bennet’s saying "If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield, and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for." (Austen, 2001: 2) at former plot. In the case, the assembly is platform to looking for sweetheart, love and even possible marriage (Yang, 91). At the end of this paragraph, Mr. Bingley’s invitating his sisters and Darcy leads to the appearance of these important characters. For the description of things happened during the party, instead of using scene description to the setting of the ball or psychological description to the participators, language description organized by comparative technique is mainly employed to mould different personality of different participant. First of all, It can be directly seen that the description of Mr. Hurst’s and Mr. Darcy’s first appearance is put in the same paragraph and connected by the conjunction “but”,
浅析伊丽莎白时代的文化辉煌 她是英国历史上最杰出的帝王之一，她使英国成为欧洲最强大的国家之一，开创英国历史的“黄金时代”，保持了英格兰的统一，人们至今崇拜着她，称之为“荣光女王”、“英明女王”，并以其名来命名那个时代。在第二个千禧年来临之际，她亦曾被推选为100位对世界历史影响最大的人物之一。她就是伊丽莎白一世——都铎王朝最后一位君主，英格兰文化正是在她的手中迎来辉煌。 1558年，伊丽莎白一世在内部因宗教分裂的混乱状态中即位，采取宗教兼容政策和重商主义政策，稳定了统治，工商业和海外贸易迅速发展，国力日益强盛，击溃了不可一世的西班牙“无敌舰队”，成为海上霸主，为未来“日不落”的大不列颠王国奠定了基础。此时的英格兰也正处于文艺复兴时期，人文主义遍布英国的思想领域，各个文学大家以莎士比亚，斯宾塞，约翰逊，马洛，培根等为代表，佳作竞出。由此，英国文学代表了欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就。那么为何英国文化能在伊丽莎白一世手中开启“黄金时代”呢？ 伊丽莎白时代的文化繁荣主要体现在诗歌和戏剧的繁荣上（当然也不排除其他文学、艺术形式的发展繁荣）。下面仅以诗歌和戏剧上的创作为例，浅谈当时的文化盛况。 在诗歌方面，英国文学家们，除了引入意大利的十四行诗，也进行了一些其他诗体的创作，在内容和格局上都有了很大突破。诗歌方面又以斯宾塞成就最大。他的主要作品《仙后》规模宏大﹐内容丰富﹐利用中古骑士传奇的体裁﹐以寓言为主要手法﹐在精神上却反对天主教而歌颂作为英国民族象徵的伊丽莎白女王﹐其中优美而多变的韵文﹐使得斯宾塞不仅独步当时诗坛﹐而且成为后世讲究诗艺的作家所仰慕的“诗人的诗人”。在主题或歌颂对象方面，英国诗歌也和欧洲其他经历文艺复兴的国家一样，着重描写人的内心世界，抒发理想、信念、感情，鞭挞黑暗、腐败，赞扬人追求幸福的权利，赞颂美和爱。此外，彻底改变英国诗歌面貌的主力军却是——白体诗。它主要包含在戏剧创作之中，其代表人物则是两位伟大的戏剧家和诗人——马洛和莎士比亚。 戏剧无疑是英国这一时期最骄傲的文学成果。16世纪80年代起﹐英国戏剧家们摆脱了中世纪神秘剧﹑奇迹剧等的宗教色彩和粗糙技巧，建立起了一种新戏剧，赋予其更加丰富的表达和人文气息﹐敏锐﹑强烈地表达了时代精神﹐在艺术上作了多方面的大胆创新。以《浮士德博士的悲剧》为代表作，马洛一生创作了7部悲剧。而作为英国文艺复兴高潮时期的著名的代表人物，英国戏剧的集大成者——莎士比亚，一生共创作了37部剧本，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、四大悲剧等作品皆是人类文学史上不朽的明珠，它们探讨了友谊和虚伪、爱情和阴谋、权利和道德、生存和死亡这些与人的命运息息相关的主题。那些生动
英国风俗文化论文范文 浅谈英国人的风俗习惯 摘要：英国人的风俗礼仪丰富多彩，很有讲究。他们重礼仪，知常理，在处理事情和 工作中，善于为他人着想。英国人事业心责任感极强。反应机智灵敏，处理问题很灵活。 本文将简要对英国人的风俗习惯进行论述。 关键词：英国;风俗;习惯;尊重 英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，其首都是伦敦。伦敦以雾大闻名于世，经常 是连续多日浓雾不退，距离两三米以外就什么都看不清了，因此伦敦被称为“雾都”。英 国的地理位置处于欧洲的西部，面积约为二十五万多平方公里，人口不到六千万，其中英 格兰人占绝大部分。英国在世界上是最早开始进行工业化发展的国家，工业发展历史悠久，技术水平高，在世界的工业化发展进程中占有着举足轻重的地位。目前，英国是世界第四 贸易大国，它依靠对外贸易发展本国经济，是世界上最大的工业原料和食品进口国之一， 也是经济发展较早的国家之一。 英国人重礼仪，知常理。懂得理解人、帮助人、体谅人。在处理事情和工作中，善于 为他人着想，尽自己做大的努力把事情办好，把自己最好的一面留给对方，颇具绅士风度。英国人事业心责任感极强。有钻研的精神，只要认准了一个目标，确定了方向，就会不惜 付出一切，把它做好，力求完美。在与人交往中，英国人很平易近人，容易接触，与朋友 初次见面行握手礼，不随便拥抱接吻等，注重端庄得体。英国人与人相处懂得推己及人， 反应机智灵敏，处理问题很灵活。英国人的风俗礼仪丰富多彩，很有讲究。 如果你有幸被英国朋友邀请至家中做客，若仅是以愉快为目的的邀请，进行交往聚会，那么你若提前到主人家就是不礼貌的行为了，因为主人一旦没有准备充分，你提前的到来 会让主人感到尴尬不快，会让他很难堪，所以大约晚到十分钟左右，不超过半小时是最好的。聚会结束后不要在主人家坐的太晚，晚餐结束以后稍作聊天，大约一小时之后，或者 在晚上十点至十一点之间离开是最佳的，这样不会影响主人的休息，又显得有礼貌。 英国人的邀请招待客人的方式主要分为宴会和茶会两种。茶会又有正式和非正式之分。在用餐过程中，英国人不会像中国人一样热情的劝客人喝酒尽兴的，他们很尊重客人的选择，随兴趣选择就好。如果没有喝酒的意愿在主人给你斟酒时你只需用手遮住杯口就好， 绝不会勉强。当然，英国人大多数是对酒情有独钟的，毕竟英国也是个拥有着丰富酒文化 的大国。 英国人习惯食用烧烤、煎炸类的食物，但是却又喜欢清淡的口味。对肉类和海鲜以及 蔬菜类食物都有独到的烹饪方式。英国人对牛肉很是喜爱，特别是烤牛肉再加上新鲜的蔬菜，撒上少许的芥末酱或者奶油等精选的作料，香喷喷、油腻腻，咬上一口外酥里嫩，实 属英国人的最爱。
XX英语文学论文开题报告范文题目 an analysis of the character portia in the merchant of venice 一、本课题的研究目的及意义 (一)研究目的 莎士比亚作为英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的艺术大师，被马克思称之为“最伟大的戏剧天才”。透过似真似幻的舞台和匠心独具的故事，莎翁塑造了一系列不朽的人物典型。尤其是塑造了众多而鲜明的人物形象。在莎士比亚的剧作中出场的女性人物有一百多人，在众多的女性人物中上至贵族，下至平民百姓，几乎是各不相同。而《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚更是被公认为莎士比亚笔下别具风采的女性形象。众多评论家认为莎士比亚戏剧中刻画的女性形象大都非常贴近生活，具有巨大的认识价值。。在这一讽刺喜剧《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚美丽、善良、机智、自信、富有才华和胆识，正体现了莎士比亚从男性的视觉自发塑造的理想中的新女性。作为新女性的鲍西亚，具有一定的判逆性格，不甘于被命运摆弄做逆来顺受的“家庭天使”，在一定程度上体现了莎士比亚对人文主义精神的追求。然而，从女性主义的视角来分析，在男性为中心的社会里，鲍西亚绝非真正具有女性的自我意识，而是甘于向父权社会妥协的不完美的新女性。本课题通过对《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚形象的分析，让读者
了解鲍西亚思想上、性格上的先进性与局限性，对现代女性起到一定的启示作用。 (二)研究意义 莎士比亚通过对生活细致入微的观察，对人性深刻的剖析，创作出《威尼斯商人》这部极具讽刺性的喜剧。在莎士比亚的笔下，女性的感情与理智平分秋色，女性是以与男性平等的形象出现的。这在鲍西亚这一角色身上表现最为突出。鲍西亚美丽温柔、忠贞不渝、善良可爱、机智勇敢、足智多谋。她掌握着自己的命运，不仅在自主选择丈夫方面，而且在与夏洛克的斗争中起到了关键性的作用。在当今的现实生活中，鲍西亚光彩照人的女性形象也可以带给人们启迪和借鉴。鲍西亚在金钱和爱情的杠杆上，选择了爱情。在她的内心深处爱情价更高，是金钱、物质所无法取代的。她对于爱情忠贞不渝和执着，值得现代生活中个别只追求物质享受的女人去学习。在现实生活中，个别人不应该由于自己的优越条件而歧视别人，更要学会不用有色眼光去看待别人。在法庭上，讲义气、才智非凡的鲍西亚女扮男装以法律博士的身份出场，使剧情有了戏剧性的转折，使夏洛克一步步在不知不觉中陷入她的计策。她成功的妙计足以显示出其学问深厚，机智敏锐，有胆有识的特点，这种女性形象也是我们所认同和赞赏的。《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚人物形象具有生动鲜明，栩栩如生，有血有肉等特点。本文通过对《威尼斯商人》
英国历史文化论文精编 版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
英国历史文化 现代世界的一个突出特征是许多国家都形成了宗教信仰多元化的现实，其中包括英国。英国宗教信仰多元化的问题不但反映了这个国家宗教文化的历史进程，更重要的是从一个侧面说明了宗教与、经济、、民族等问题的密切关联，这些关联又证实了宗教在现代世界各国的重要意义所在。但是，从我们掌握的情况看，国内有关英国宗教问题的研究成果很少，而专门研究英国宗教多元化问题的论着还没有见到。因此，研究、分析和了解英国宗教多元化的历史成因、表现及其特点（注：本文为教育部重点研究基地重点项目“现代欧美人口迁移与宗教多元化”的阶段性成果。），不但具有历史学科价值，也具有现实意义。 历史上宗教信仰多元化的起源与发展 1054年基督教公开分裂为天主教和东正教以后，英国原本也是一个天主教国家。1529年，都铎王朝的亨利八世以教皇不同意他与王后离婚为由开始与罗马教廷走向决裂。与罗马教廷决裂后的英国教会称“安立甘宗(Anglican Communion)”，又称“圣公会(Anglican Churches)”，具有国教的地位。由于英国与罗马教廷的决裂是经由亨利八世的改革来进行的，而且亨利八世并没有宣布放弃天主教信仰，改革后的英国国教保留了主教制等天主教传统，安立甘教成为一个既有罗马天主教传统、又有新教特点的教派。由于国教内部对天主教残余问题存在不同看法，加之其他新教教派观点和思想的传入，使英国宗教从近代开始出现了多元化的趋向。 首先，英国安立甘教本身分为“高教会派”和“低教会派”两大教派。所谓高教会派，又称“安立甘公教派”，也可以翻译为“英国天主教”，英语为Anglo-Catholicism，主张天主教传统礼仪和教义，但提倡改革教会；所谓低教会派，又称“安立甘宗福音派”，也有人翻译为“福音新教”，英语为Anglican Evangelicals，强调个人悔改和虔修，注重在圣公会中保持新教传统，贬低天主教礼仪和教义的重要性。尽管英国所有的安立甘教派，包括扩散到英国国外殖民地上的安立甘教派都以坎特伯雷大主教为精神领袖，但在对待天主教及其传统的态度等问题上存在分歧，所以，安立甘教内部的多元化已成事实。 其次，在宗教发展史上，英国安立甘教经历了曲折的历史发展过程，其中包括爱德华六世时期的改革、血腥玛丽时期的天主教复辟、伊丽莎白时期的恢复国教统治，最后，终于发展成为一场对英国宗教、政治，乃至经济都发生重大影响的内战。由
每个城市都有其独特的特点，有的是文明都市，有的是工业化城市，有的则是现代化大都市，有的亦是历史文明的古都。不管是怎么样的城市，都用独特的魅力吸引着众人们，伦敦是世界上的经济发达、历史悠久、又充满现代化气息的文明大都市。每年吸引着大量的游客 总体来说，是因为伦敦的文化底蕴和现代化气息合理的融入在这个城市里。其作为英国的首都，也是作为世界上出名的城市，不论是经济上的发达，还是文化上的独特，总用其独特的味道吸引着大量的游客慕名而来。是不是你也有一个伦敦梦呢？我想很多人都和我一样想去伦敦，好好的欣赏一下是什么样的环境造就了工业文明的开始，又是什么样的原因成就了伦敦的文明。 明等领域上的卓越成就，成为全世界最大的都市。伦敦是英国政治中
伦敦的星期天，不是所有的商店都停止营业，但是大多数（尤其是个人的）徽闭店所有的剧场和大多数电影院也都关门。因为伦敦人都喜欢在星期天出城去郊游。在英国，尊重妇女是体现绅士风度的一个重要方面。女士优先是一个人人皆知的行为准则。英国社会非常有制度，插队会遭到所有人的鄙视和白眼。事实上他们不会有人这样做.英国人的时间观念较强。对安排好的约会一定要准点。在英国，送礼时最好送较轻的礼品。由于所费不多就不会被误认为是一种贿赂。英国人也象其他大多数欧洲人一样。喜欢高级巧克力、名酒和鲜花。对于饰有客人所属公司标记的礼品，他们大多并不欣赏。在英国购物，最忌讳的是砍价。英国人不喜欢讨价还价，认为这是很丢面子的事情。如果你购买的是一件贵重的艺术品或数量很大的商品时，你也需要小心地与卖方商定一个全部的价钱。英国人很少讨价还价，如果他们认为一件商品的价钱合适就买下，不合适就走开。另外英国人见面时不爱讲个人私事，而爱谈论天气，否则会受以冷遇。不是爱谈论天气，而是以天气为开头，化解都不说话的尴尬场面。还有些很有趣的事情：在英国，如果戴口罩上街，人们会认为是传染病者跑出来了，也许还会有人叫救护车；如果翘起大拇指那是拦路要求搭车之意。还有就是千万不要问女士的年龄. 伦敦有很多地标性建筑物。包括白金汉宫、大本钟，伦敦眼，塔桥，圣彼得大教堂等。很多人也会去欣赏一下英国的喜剧演出表演。
Interpretation of “Bartleby” 2012 English Class, 1204402019, Crush Abstract Herman Melville?s tale “Bartleby”is one of those highly acclaimed symbolic short stories in the 19th century. Bartleby is an exploited worker in the capitalistic prison—Wall Street. To some critics, he is “a Thoreau-like practitioner of passive resistance”or “an autobiographical projection of Melville as alienated author.”1In this article, I am going to concentrate on the dark, ruthless commercial society and its defective capitalist values the narrator wants to reveal in “Bartleby”; specifically, I will illustrate how the narrator?s failure to understand the existence of Bartleby and to help him indicates the limitations of rationalism. Further more, I will also try to explain what does Bartleby really need, and how can people really save him from terrible forlornness. Key words Bartleby society limitation rationalism capitalist values Melville?s “Bartleby”is narrated by the first-person narrator, as he describes himself, is “a man who, from his youth upwards, has been filled with a profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best…one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men?s bonds and mortgages and title-deeds.” He is quite satisfied with his profitable life. He is proud of himself in his successful business and proudly attached that he was once employed and praised by John Jacob Astor: “All who know me consider me an eminently safe man. The late John Jacob Astor, a personage little given to poetic enthusiasm, had no hesitation in pronouncing my first grand point to be prudence; my next method.”The narrator is a typical business man of Wall Street—the epitome of the increasing urbanized, capital-driven society. The author does not set Wall Street as the backdrop randomly, but uses it 1(journal articles) Y on-jae Jung, “The Poe-esque Elements in Melville?s…Bartleby the Scrivener?”, Foreign Literature Studies 4 (2009), p. 63.
British geographical position and climate characteristics The UK is the Atlantic Ocean islands national; it is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, the north coast of Europe. South of the English Channel and the North Sea in the east it is separated from the rest of Europe. The island of Great Britain about north and south is 900 kilometers long, things the widest place for 520 kilometers, the area of 22.99 square kilometers and a population of 60 million. The northwest have high mountains, relief from northwest to southeast tilt, southeast mainly hills are given priority to, so many places in the hills and valleys are named. Britain is situated to 50 to 60 degrees between, than China's Heilongjiang province to the north, but the climate is mild, and for the typical temperate oceanic climate. The central region in 0 degrees Celsius temperature January basic above, but in recent years the winter air temperature obvious become low, but relative to China winter air temperature Britain was warmer; The British summer is cool, sooner or later, the temperature, morning and evening coat needing to go out, but in the afternoon a significantly higher temperature, can be as high as 30 degrees Celsius, but not remain for too long. The island nation of mild climate, but the weather changes a lot. British people often say "a climate in England, foreign only weather", in order to show that the unpredictable weather here. Indeed, in one day, suddenly sunny and gloomy and suddenly the rain of the story is not rare. The British will probably think early, a British people in the sunny morning when go out with a raincoat, with an umbrella, foreigners may not understand, but soon he would be for his own "don't understand" and regret. After years of living in Britain finally understand why Britain by the local people welcome the dust coat, and almost all seasons wear, that they are not only to block wind is to block rain ah. The variable weather also provided people often topic, in Britain even the most silent man also like to talk about the weather. Old Peking man say "hello" like to ask sound "eat?" In this people also have their prologue, "hi, today the sun is very good!”. The fog of Britain is heavier, capital London is the world famous WuDou, sunny day in the summer, and thin YanAi; Winter is often fly very mist, like the rain the rain, if not smoke cigarettes, this is mainly caused by the island moisture. A day in the changeable weather has greatly increased the degree of competition xiang racing difficult, and creating a British racing pigeon natural tough endurance. In Britain the homing pigeons in a few hours, a mist, against a cloudy day, experience, and the wind have is the norm. The English Channel is located in between France and Britain, the UK in continental Europe is separated, and the strait is 560 kilometers long and 240 km wide, in the narrow Strait of Dover and says, only 34 km wide. The zone climate warm in winter and cool in summer, the temperature is bad in small, the perennial humid much rain fog, sunshine little. 1 month minimum temperature, an average of about 4 ~ 6 degrees Celsius; July highest, of about 17 degrees Celsius. 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院邮科院校区 移动通信工程1002班王传翔学号：1030020219
英国文化论文 虽然英国的发展历史并没有很悠久，但其发展却极其迅速，下面是关于英国的地理、历史、君主立宪体制、政治、文学、媒体、经济、宗教和教育的概述。 公元前地中海的伊比利亚人、比克人、凯尔特人，先后来到不列颠。公元1－5世纪大不列颠岛东南部为罗马帝国统治。罗马人撤走后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居。7世纪开始形成封建制度，许多小国并成七个王国，争雄达200年之久，史称“盎格鲁—撒克逊时代”。829年威塞克斯国王爱格伯特统一了英格兰。 英国位于欧洲，是由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰和一些小岛（海外领地）组成。英国本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。24.36万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区13. 04万平方公里，苏格兰7. 88万平方公里，威尔士2. 08万平方公里，北爱尔兰1. 36万平方公里。 政体为君主立宪制。国王是国家元首、最高司法长官、武装部队总司令和英国圣公会的“最高领袖”，形式上有权任免首相、各部大臣、高级法官、军官、各属地的总督、外交官、主教及英国圣公会的高级神职人员等，并有召集、停止和解散议会，批准法律，宣战媾和等权力，但实权在内阁。议会是最高司法和立法机构，由国王、上院和下院组成。上院（贵族院）包括王室后裔、世袭贵族、新封贵族、上诉法院法官和教会大主教及主教组成。 英国资产阶级革命确立的君主立宪政体大大削弱了国王的权力，议会及政府逐步掌握了治理国家的权力，这种政治体制虽然有其历史局限性，但它结束了英国的封建专制制度，使得英国走上资产阶级政治民主化的道路，有利于资本主义的发展。它代表了历史发展的趋势，是历史的一大进步。英国是世界上第一个建立君主立宪制的国家，这一制度的确立和不断完善，不仅对巩固资产阶级在英国的统治起了巨大的作用，而且对其他国家的资产阶级建立新的制度，也有着巨大影响。 英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展沿变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经了盎格鲁—撒克逊，文艺复兴，新古典主义，浪漫主义，现实主义，现代主义等不同历史阶段。 传媒业在英国相当发达。在英国这样一个拥有6000万人口的国家，报纸、杂志、书籍、电视、广播以及各种音像制品等传媒，在人们日常生活中几乎无所不在。而且由于英语在当今国际交流中的主导地位以及英国在国际社会中的独特角色，英国的新闻产品和英文节目跨越和占据了世界传媒版图上的大部分角落，并享有着不可撼动的地位。随着传媒技术的发展，传媒不但为大众提供了新闻信息和休闲娱乐，而且成为一种创造财富的重要手段，是GDP的一个重要组成部分。 英国是世界经济强国之一，其2007年国内生产总值位居世界第五。英国制造业在国民经济中的比重有所下降；服务业和能源所占的比重不断增大，其
班级: 2005级8班；姓名:杜江娟；学号: 200505140803 One’s Sacrifice in His or Her Society --After reading The Mill on the Floss Outline Thesis statement: This paper is based on George Eliot’the Mill on the Floss. In the novel there are conflicts among individuals as well as individual and society. Then this paper reveals one’s sacrifice in face of conflicts and the relation between one’s own will and the outside’s bondage upon him or her. At last the conclusion that only mutual understanding and cooperation can solve the problems is drew. I. Introduction. II. The influence of society upon individuals and their responses to the outside A.Man’s and woman’s different responsibilities in 19th century illustrated with members in Maggie’s large family B.The influence of one’s social background on his or her growth 1.Maggie’s sacrifice as a woman during her growth in 19th century 2.Tom’s loss at different time of his growth 3.Philip’s deficiency and his family background 4.Lucy’s merits in Victorian England C.Different characters’ response in the face of various situations 1.Maggie’s fight against discrimination 2.Tom’s reactions to responsibility given by family 3.Philip’s compromise as a gentleman 4.Lucy’s standard behavior as a lady III. Analysis of the conflicts showed by main character A. The conflicts displayed by Maggie 1. The conflict in Maggie’s inner world 2. The conflict between Maggie and the outside world
浅谈英国崛起与工业革命 英国是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的简称，位于欧洲西部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士以及爱尔兰岛北部及附近许多小岛组成，国土面积24.41万平方公里。英国由于受季风天气的影响，所以属海洋性温带阔叶林气候，全年气候温和。主要的矿产资源有煤、铁、石油和天然气，并不算很丰富。然而就是这样一个小小的岛国，是第一个全球金融资本的中心，是第一个真正意义上的世界超级大国。“日不落帝国”和“世界工厂”这两个称谓可以概括为英国最伟大的成就。那是什么将英国从一个岛国变成欧洲强国，最终成为世界霸主的呢？ 答案只有一个——工业革命。 那么，这一次工业革命是如何产生的呢？ 首先，政治上，17 世纪的英国资产阶级革命，推翻了英国的封建专制制度，建立了资产阶级和土地贵族联盟为基础的君主立宪制度，从而成为世界上第一个确立资产阶级政治统治的国家。资产阶级利用国家政权加速推行发展资本主义的政策和措施，促进了工业革命各种前提条件的迅速形成；思想上，亚当斯密在《国富论》提出的最著名的观点就是：看不见的手，也就是今天经济学家常常讲的市场供求规律。他认为在市场经济中，个体间的自然交易会创造出高效的资源分配模式，并有利于促进市场经济，创造出更高水平的收入。根据这个理论，亚当?斯密提出了一个影响深远的对外贸易战略。所以，经济上，随着君主立宪制的与资本主义制度的建立，英国加速了圈地运动，殖民地掠夺与奴隶贸易，给英国带来了巨额的货币资本，从而为工业革命累积了财力上的准备。从十六世纪到十九世纪，英国继续了近三个世纪的圈地运动，为工业革命提供了大批廉价的劳动力。同时海外贸易和殖民地的开发，使大量财富集中到英国资产阶级手中。自然科学上，经典力学、热力学等学科的理论创新也为工业革命带来了契机。1687年，牛顿出版了自己最著名的著作《自然哲学的数学原理》，用数学方法证明了万有引力定律和三大运动定律，这四大定律被认为是“人类智慧史上最伟大的一个成就”。牛顿的发现，给人类带来从未有过的自信，它宣告了科学时代的来临，使得人类真正告别愚昧，迎来了认识自然、利用自然的新时代 其次，它与英国如火如荼的农业革命有着密不可分的联系。早在工业革命之前，英国的土地制度为中世纪的时候形成的一种敞田制，就是地的肥瘦、远近、干湿都不同，为了公平分配，给你一小块肥的、一小块瘦的、一小块远的、一小块近的，人们为了更好地种植作物，互相协商或买卖使自己的土地更加集中，从此时起圈地运动就时有发生，但是规模较小。一直到17世纪的农业革命开始，大规模的圈地运动如火如荼的开始了，大规模的圈地运动导致大量的农村劳动力离开土地，离开乡
1.选题：和本课程相关的各方面，可从不同角度总结概括或者谈论自己的一些观点。 2.要求：1）课程论文用英文书写； 2）提交时间4月22日，第九周； 3) 字数要求：不上限，最低要求，A4纸按照下面格式两页，加上封面三页； 4）需提交纸质论文。
2 《英国文化》课程论文 题目（英文/中文） 院 系： XXX 学院 专 业： X X 学生姓名： 学 号： 授课教师： 2014年5月
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1Research Background In the first decade1 or two after World War II, the introduction of foreign languages in the elementary school in the U.S.A., and of primary school French in Britain, and similar developments in other countries were part of a widespread search for ways of “improving the effectiveness of language education by taking into account into timetable of language development in childhood” (Stern, 1983, 363). The past decade has seen significant increase in foreign language programs for young learners. In many African and Asian countries, primary children have long been taught French or English as preparation for their use as a medium of instruction. 1.2Motivations and Objectives Times New Roman 五号，1.5倍行距 Times New Roman 三号，粗体，居中 Times New Roman,小四号，粗体全文每段首行缩进3-5个字符
刘姝彦(29) Class 4 Comments on the Reservedness The characteristic English pose involves keeping the head held high, the upper lip stiff and the best foot forward. In this position, conversation is difficult and intimacy of any kind of almost impossible. This in itself is a clue to the English character. If you ask me which aspect of the English character impress me most, I will say "reserved" without hesitation. British people will not show their passion and feelings casually like the French.To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British,and in particular of the English, is"reserved". A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. The English seem to be quiet most of the time. When making a journey, they may try their best to find an empty seat or compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. Sherlock Holmes, in the BBC's TV miniseries Sherlock, is a typical English person who is reserved.Sherlock is a British television series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories. He is presented as lacking sympathy, and it is implied that he has been diagnosed with a personality disorder.Without doubt, he is reserved and calm which gives people an impression that he is cold-hearted. However, at the end of the serious,he gives his life for his friend, Doctor John Watson. We can draw the conclusion that being reserved does not mean being cold-hearted, it just because people can not demonstrate their love casually and audaciously. They just do not show their feelings and cherish their love in their heart, which reminds me of a person, Severus Snape. Professor Severus Snape is a fictional character in Harry Potter written by J.K. Rowling. In the novel, he is hostile toward Harry. Snape is generally depicted as being cold, calculating, precise, sarcastic, and bitter. He strongly dislikes Harry and often