英语高考复习---定语从句讲解及练习解析
第一部分:基础知识
（一）．定语从句概述
定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。
定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。
（二）．定语从句的引导词。
定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和关系副词（when, where, why ），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。
（三）．关系代词
1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country.
He is the singer that I met yesterday.
2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句
The film which we saw last night was moving.
3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.
The man who you just talked to is Tom.
4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know.
5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead.
I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.
【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
（四）．关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1，when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.
I’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the
Huangshan Mountain.
2，where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.
This is the school where( at which ) I studied.
3，why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.
That’s the real reason why (for which ) he was late.
第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法
（一）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:
1，先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。
My mother was so proud of all that I did
2，先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。
This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen .
When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .
4，the same 修饰先行词时, 定语从句要用that 或as引导, 但意义不同。
This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)
This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个) 5，先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。
Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday 6，There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which 。
There’s a seat in the corner that is still free .
7，句子前面出现了who , which时, 后面的定语从句用that引导。
They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen
before .
Who is the man that you were talking about just now ?
8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。
My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .
Tom isn’t the man that he used to be
(二) 关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。
1，先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。
Those who are often late for school should be punished .
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .
2，先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone
(everybody) 。
Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time .
3，先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰, 定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。
He is the first student who / that worked out the problem .
(三) 关系代词whose的用法：
1，whose 在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。
John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist .
The old man lived in the house whose window was broken .
The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the
workers .
2，whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人）。
1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine .
( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover )
2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday .
( 划线部分可改为the car of whom 或of whom the car )
(四) which的特殊用法：
1，关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, 有时不是修饰某个先行词, 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只
能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。
1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries .
2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .
2，which 有时可在定语从句中作定语, 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。
1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well .
2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing .
【注】：which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同。whose 表示“先行词的…”。
They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten .
3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时, 可借关系代词which把介词前置。
1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present .
2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live .
【注】如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。
I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to
England .
(五) 关系代词as的用法：
1. 引导限制性定语从句：
当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ；as在从句中可作主语，
宾语和表语。
1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .
2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .
比较：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student
respects him . ( 此句为such / so … that引导的结果状语从句)
3) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .
4) . He bought the same bike as I did last week . 区别that I did last week
2. 引导非限制性定语从句：
as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如”，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于
as we all know ，as has been said above ，as is usual，as is often the case ，as everybody can see，as is known to us all等结构。
1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us .
2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun .
3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .
3.，如前所述, which也可引导这种从句, 两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)
1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting . 2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .
但在以下两种情况下有区别：
1) . as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。
As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan .
2) . 关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which 。
His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised .
3）当which在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用which
The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.
4）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which
was very reasonable.
5）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时只能用which引导。
He result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn't expected
6）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which
was very reasonable.
第三部分：关系副词的特殊用法
（一）关系副词when , where , why的用法：
1. 关系代词(which / that) 与关系副词(when, where, why) 的选取方法：
A) 当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并
代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
B) 如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从
句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词
+which”。
1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ?
Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the mountain
village ?
2) This is the factory which / that we visited last year .
This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year .
3) We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late .
We don’t know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .
2. 关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage
等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时
间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。
1) Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed .
2) Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it
properly .
3) There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in
class .
3. when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。
1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his
mother walking into the house .（where 指代behind the door 。不能换为
which，因为which只能指代the door ）
2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there .
( when指代three years ago 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代three years
=and since then)
(二) that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：
1 way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导, 但可省略。
I don’t like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents .
The way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong .
[注]：如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。
He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept .
2 . It is ( about , high ) time that …(正)是……的时候了。
that从句中常用一般过去时, that在口语中可省略。
It was high time that we stopped pollution .
It is time that you had lunch now .
比较There was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil .
3 . This is the first ( second ,…last ) time that …( 从句中常用完成时态)
This is / will be the last time that I have come to China .
It was the first time that he had been invited to China .
第四部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题
(一) 关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。
1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时, 从句谓语用复数。
He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .
This is one of the best books that were written by the writer .
2 . one of前有the，the only ，the very ，the first时, 从句谓语用单数。
Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth .
(二) 定语从句的隔离现象：
1 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that
village .
Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?
( around adv. 在周围)
The days are gone when we used foreign oil .
(主句谓语较短, 隔开先行词与定语从句)
2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。
1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job .
2) --- Is that the small town you often refer to ?
--- Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years .
(三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：
Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree .
Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow .
(四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句：
1 .区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)
After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre .
(状语从句)
A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre .
(定语从句)
2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。
1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago .
( which 引导定语从句)
2) A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago .
( what宾语从句)
3 . 区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。
The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句)
The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句)
【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
训练题
1. Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. who
2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.
A. whose
B. who
C. with whom
D. his
3. Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. what
4. The boss, _____company Ms. King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.
A. in which
B. in that
C. in whose
D. whose
5. Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
A. which
B. where
C. to there
D. from which
6. Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.
A. which
B. there
C. that
D. where
7. This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.
A. about it
B. with which
C. about which
D. with it
8. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.
A. which; when
B. when; which
C. which; which
D. when; when
9. The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.
A. why; that
B. why; why
C. which; that
D. which; why
10. A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young
people.
A. its low price
B. what low price
C. the low price of which
D. the low price of it
11. It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of
computer is made.
A. /; that
B. where; that
C. /; where
D. that; which
12. We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end
up closing our doors.
A. if
B. where
C. if where
D. where if
13. Mr. Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has
impressed him most.
A. with which
B. in which
C. of which
D. on which
14. You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.
A. with which
B. to which
C. at which
D. for which
15. Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it
depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.
A. whether; of which
B. whether; in which
C. that; by which
D. that; for which
16. It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.
A. that you are allergic to
B. that is allergic to you
C. which is allergic for you
D. which you are allergic for
17. Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the
soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.
A. who; that
B. as; that
C. who; which
D. as; which
18. I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my
life.
A. /; which
B. which; who
C. which; that
D. when; which
19. I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______
has had a great effect on my life.
A. which; that
B. which; which
C. when; which
D. when; who
20. This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.
A. where
B. that
C. what
D. which
21. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited
there.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
22. The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the
film _____we saw last time.
A. when; who; which
B. that; that; /
C. /; who; /
D. that; that; that
23. It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still
have a good relation with me.
A. which; that
B. where; that
C. that; that
D. that; which
24. _______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he
would give them a rise.
A. As; what
B. It; that
C. It; what
D. As; that
25. When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup
of coffee or a glass of water is offered.
A. by this time
B. by which time
C. during this time
D. during which time
26. There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't
obey them.
A. why
B. where
C. as
D. which
27. The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our
program.
A. I think it is
B. I think which is
C. which I think it is
D. which I think is
28. He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.
A. from where
B. from which
C. there
D. which
29. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
30. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night
began to fall.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
31. _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.
A. How; that
B. That; which
C. That; which
D. What; that
32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will
always
treasure .
A . that
B . it
C . one
D . what
33. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great
changes .
A . when
B . during which
C . since then
D . since when
34. Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which
35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which
36..Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which
37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which
38 The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A when
B that
C where
D which
39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy
ice-cream.
A when
B where
C that
D which
40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made all the others upset.
A who
B which
C what
D that
定语从句训练题解析
1.【解析】答案为B。where引导的是定语从句，修饰的是Shanghai。句意：Robert
二十几岁时去了上海，在那里几年后，他成了一个公司主管。
2.【解析】答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好
心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。
3.【解析】答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。
该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.
4.【解析】答案为C。whose company Ms. King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰
boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。
5.【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to ... 参观/ 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last
spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。
6【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。
7.【解析】答案为C。argue (with sb.) about / over sth. 关于某事与某人争吵。本句
为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。
8【解析】答案为A。which引导定语从句修饰days，因为从句中spent是及物动词，所以选which作宾语。when也引导定语从句，修饰days，因为句子结构完整，所以when在句中作时间状语。
9.【解析】答案为C。which在定语从句中作gave的宾语; 第二空的that引导表
语从句。
10.【解析】答案为C。该句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which代替
先行词a new type of car，C选项相当于whose low price。
11【解析】答案为A。第一空考查定语从句的引导词，先行词是物，可用that 或which,因为在从句作to 的宾语，that和which可省略；第二空为强调句的引导词，只能用that。
12【解析】答案为D。定语从句的先行词为situation，表示抽象地点，所以从句要用关系副词where来引导；定语从句中又包含有一个状语从句，因此选D。13【解析】答案为C。根据句子结构可看出是对定语从句的考查，which指代先行词cities，of which表示范围，“在去过的城市中”。
14【解析】答案为C。“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句，at which中的which 指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介词at表示“以……速度”。
15【解析】答案为B。第一空构成whether ... or not 结构，表示“是否……”；
第二空缺定语从句的引导词，该定语从句的先行词是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某种方式”用in a manner，所以第二空应用in which。
16.【解析】答案为A。be allergic to sth. (某人)对……过敏,medicine为先行词,关系
代词可用that或which。
17【解析】答案为D。此题考查such (...) as结构，这里as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。
18.【解析】答案为D。______ I stayed with you是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，
关系代词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此用when。由于第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以用which，指代前面整个主句。
19.【解析】答案为C。第一空用when引导定语从句，在句中作状语，先行词为
those days；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代those days when I
lived ... workers。
20.【解析】答案为B。当先行词有最高级修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只
能用that，不能用which。
21【解析】答案为D。the teachers and the schools是先行词,包含人和物，用that 引导。
22.【解析】答案为C。考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用that；关系词
在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
23【解析】答案为D。第一空填that，是因为先行词用序数词修饰；第二空填which，考查“介词+ which”引导定语从句的用法。
24【解析】答案为D。本句话的意思为：正如大家所知道的，经理违背了他说要给他们加工资的诺言。第一空填as，用来引导非限制性定语从句，as用来代替后一句话的意思；第二个空后的句子用来说明promise的具体内容，起补充说明的作用，是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选that。
25【解析】答案为D。先行词为an hour or so。本句中during which time引导非限制性定语从句，意为“在此一小时左右的时间内”。
26【解析】答案为B。situation, case和point作先行词，后跟定语从句时，若这几个词在从句中作状语，则定语从句常用where引导。
27【解析】答案为D。I think在从句中作插入语，which是定语从句的主语。28【解析】答案为A。本题考查from where引导的定语从句，此处from where 相当于from in a nearby palm tree。句意为：他藏在附近的一颗棕榈树里，从那里可以看到搜查他的巡逻队。
29【解析】答案为C。句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；
其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附
近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
30【解析】答案为D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于the thing that made matters worse。
31【解析】答案为A.。how引导主语从句，that引导同位语从句
32【解析】答案为C。此时，one 是分句的先行词，同时one 是moment 的同位语
33【解析】答案为.D。此时when 相当于in 1946 , 最简单的说法就是and since then , and since the / this that = which
34【解析】答案为C。where引导表语从句，并非定语从句；如原句在hotel前加the，则为定语从句；A项改为the one where也正确，可理解为where引导的定语从句修饰the one。
35【解析】答案为C。where引导的定语从句修饰the hotel，并在从句中作地点状语。
36【解析】答案为B。此句为强调句。
37【解析】答案为A。the one 为表语，其后的定语从句省略了引导词that或which。38【解析】答案为A。横线是定语从句，修饰先行词days，而先行词days的含义在从句中作时间状语，所以选择when。
39【解析】答案为A。Interval意为间隔，休息时间。是表示时间的名词，作先行词，它的含义在从句中作状语，即：the audience can buy ice-cream( in the interval). 所以选择A when.
40【解析】答案为B。插入语of course，把它去掉之后，不难看出是考查which 引导非限制性定语从句，which代替整个主句，所以选B which。
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语Who which that 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which 引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？