Unit 3 A healthy life
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·江西九校联合测试)导学号 42492609
More than 4 in 10 cancers—600,000 in the UK alone—could be prevented if people led healthier lives, say experts.The population of the UK is about 63,000,000.
Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor (因素), followed by unhealthy diets.The charity advises people to live healthily, limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise.
According to the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking.A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food.Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200.Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors.
Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician, says, “There's now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”
“Of course every one wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine but it's a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.”
“Leading a healthy lifestyle can't guarantee someone won't get cancer but we_can_stack_the_ odds_in_our_favour by taking positive steps.”
Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk.It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness.It's important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments, but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。专家们认为，如果我们拥有健康的生活方式，那么超过十分之四的癌症是可以避免的。
1．Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor？__A__ A．Obesity. B．Alcohol intake.
C．Unhealthy diets. D．Physical inactivity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，可避免的致癌因素中排名第一的是吸烟，第二是不健康的饮食，第三是肥胖，第四是喝酒。
2．According to Professor Max Parkin，__A__.
A．it's OK to drink wine during festivals
B．the causes of cancer are still unclear now
C．unhealthy food should be completely banned
D．a healthy lifestyle will protect us from cancer
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“every one wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine”可知，Max Parkin教授虽然极力倡导健康的生活方式，但他认为节假日期间少量喝酒还是可以的。
3．By saying the underlined words in Paragraph 6，Professor Max Parkin means we can__D__.
A．help others
B．improve our lives
C．discover cancer early
D．decrease our cancer risk
解析：句意理解题。根据第四段中的“certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk”可知，生活方式的选择对得癌症的几率有很大的影响。因此，健康的生活方式虽然不能确保我们不得癌症，但可以“降低我们得癌症的几率”。
4．What's the main idea of the text？__B__
A．Most cancers are caused by smoking.
B．Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyle.
C．There are different factors that lead to cancer.
D．Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.
解析：主旨大意题。本文前三段通过数据等说明可避免的致癌因素的前几名都跟生活方式有关，第四、五、六段引用Max Parkin教授的话进一步证明了生活方式与癌症之间的关系，最后一段通过英国公共卫生局的官方发言再一次说明了健康的生活方式可以降低得癌症的几率。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五导学号 42492610
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2016·四川)
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized
必修一Unit 1Friendship Ⅰ.常考单词必背 1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.(upset，upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻，碰倒；打乱 She was upset about losing her job. 她正为失去工作而心烦意乱。 Losing the ring upset her very much. 遗失戒指使她很心烦意乱。 [快速闪记] be upset about/over/at sth 为某事心烦 upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 Either she didn't see me wave or she ignored me on purpose.要么她没看见我招手，要么就是故意不理我。 [快速闪记] ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的 ignorance n．不了解，无知 3．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 The accident was concerned with the bus driver. 这次事故与公交车司机有关。 There is some cause for concern but no need for alarm. 是有点令人忧虑，但不必惊慌。 [快速闪记] concerned adj.担心的；关注的 be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念
be concerned with牵涉到……，与……有关 as/so far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言 4．power n．能力；力量；权力 The power was cut off and the street was entirely in darkness.断电后街道完全陷入了黑暗。 She was the one who had the power to hire or fire people.有权雇用或解雇人的是她。[快速闪记] (1)come to power上台，当权，表示动作，不能和一段时间连用。 (2)be in power当权，执政，表示状态，可以和一段时间连用。 (3)have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力、权力 beyond/out of one's power某人力所不能及 5．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决 They calmed down and settled their problem soon. 他们镇静下来并很快把问题解决了。 Mr.Wang settled down in America soon after he got there.王先生到美国后不久就定居下来了。 [快速闪记] (1)settle down舒适地坐下；安静下来；定居下来 settle down to sth/doing sth开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事 (2)settlement n．解决；协议 6．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。 [快速闪记] suffering n．痛苦；苦难sufferer n．患病者；受难者 7．pack vi.& vt.捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹 As soon as I graduated，I packed my bags and moved to the west of China.一毕业我就收拾行李去了中国西部。 A pack of reporters were waiting outside for the latest news.一群记者在外面等待最
Task 1：阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2016·全国Ⅰ) A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was __1__ along 165 north after delivering to one of his__2__.Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.__3__he got closer，he found __4__vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed__5__shooting out from under the__6__https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b16083937.html,rry pulled over，set the brake and__7__the fire extinguisher (灭火器)．Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on__8__and told Larry he had__9__an emergency call.They__10__ heard a woman's voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.__11__the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay__12__until the emergency personnel arrived，__13__she thought the car was going to__14__.Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move__15__she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man__16__and let them go to work.Then，Larry asked the__17__if he was needed or __18__ to go.They let him and the other man go. One thing is__19__—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His__20__most likely saved the woman's life. 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文讲述了货运司机拉里看到了一辆翻倒着火的汽车，不顾个人安危对伤者实施救助的故事。 1．A.walking B．touring C．traveling D．rushing 答案C[考查语境中动词的辨析。由下文的pulled over，set the brake等词可知，拉里送完货物之后正在道路上行驶。因此答案选C。] 2．A.passengers B．colleagues C．employers D．customers 答案D[考查语境中名词的辨析。拉里是送货司机，当然是将货物送到顾客(customers)手里。] 3．A.Since B．Although
专题19 离心运动与近心运动 一、离心运动 当物体受到的合力不足以提供其做圆周运动的向心力时，向心力产生的向心加速度不足以改变物体的速度方向而保持圆周运动，由于惯性，物体有沿切线方向运动的趋势，做远离圆心的运动，即离心运动。 发生离心运动时常伴随有：线速度增大（洗衣机脱水）、转动半径减小（汽车急转弯时冲出轨道）、角速度或转速增大（砂轮、飞轮破裂）、受力变化（汽车在冰面行驶打滑）。 二、近心运动 当物体受到的合力超过其做圆周运动需要的向心力时，向心力产生的向心加速度对物体速度方向的改变较快，物体会做靠近圆心的运动，即近心运动。 由于生产、生活中常追求高速、低损耗，发生的离心运动现象往往比较典型，而近心运动的应用范例较少，最常见的近心运动的应用实例是航天器的减速变轨。 三、离心运动的临界条件 1．静摩擦力达到最大（径向）静摩擦力，即滑动摩擦力大小。 2．弹力等于零：绳、杆等的张力等于零。 3．弹力等于零：接触面间的压力、支持力等于零。 根据临界条件不同，对某情境，常常有多个临界状态。 下列哪个现象是利用了物体产生离心运动 A．离心水泵工作时 B．车转弯时要限制速度 C．公路弯道的转弯半径设计得很大 D．转速很高的砂轮半径不能做得太大 【参考答案】A
【详细解析】离心水泵工作就是应用了水的离心运动，A正确；因为 2 v F m r = 向 ，所以速 度越快所需的向心力就越大，汽车转弯时要限制速度，来减小汽车所需的向心力，防止离心运 动，同时增大转弯半径也可以防止离心运动，故BC错误；因为 2 22 4π v F m n rm r == 向 ，所以 转速很高的砂轮所需的向心力就大，转速很高的砂轮半径做得太大，就会使砂轮承受不了巨大的力而断裂，做离心运动，所以砂轮要做的小一些，D错误。&网 【名师点睛】物体做离心运动的条件：合外力突然消失或者不足以提供圆周运动所需的向心力．注意所有远离圆心的运动都是离心运动，但不一定沿切线方向飞出。 1．以下说法中正确的是 A．在光滑的水平冰面上，汽车可以转弯 B．化学实验室中用离心分离器沉淀不溶于液体的固体微粒，利用的是离心现象 C．提高洗衣机脱水桶的转速，可以使衣服甩得更干 D．火车转弯时需要的向心力由司机转动方向盘的力提供 【答案】BC 2．雨天在野外骑车时，在自行车的后轮轮胎上常会粘附一些泥巴，行驶时感觉很“沉重”。如果将自行车后轮撑起，使后轮离开地面而悬空，然后用手匀速摇脚踏板，使后轮飞速转动，泥巴就被甩下来，如图所示，图中a、b为后轮轮胎边缘上的最高点与最低点，c、d为飞轮边缘上的两点，则下列说法正确的是 A．飞轮上c、d两点的向心加速度相同 B．后轮边缘a、b两点线速度相同 C．泥巴在图中的b点比在a点更容易被甩下来 D．a点的角速度大于d点的角速度
第一部分必修一Module 1 Ⅰ. 完形填空导学号58082016 I had worried myself sick over Simon's mother coming to see me. I was a new __1. C__，and I gave an honest account of the students' work. In Simon's case, tthe grades were awfully low. He couldn't read his own handwriting. __2. D__ he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his __3. A__. So when Simon's mother entered the room, my palms(手掌心) were sweating. I was completely__4. D__for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you，”she said, surprising me beyond speech. __5. B__me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he__6. B__me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had__7. D__spent an afternoon at a friend's house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the__8. B__ I had nurtured(培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left. I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour, __9. D__ what had just happened. How did I make such a life－changing difference to that boy without __10. A__knowing it? What I finally came to __11. A__ several months before, when some students were 12. C reports in the front of the class, Jeanne spoke __13. B__，and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon's the expert on this. He is the __14. D__ one you have to convince, and he can't hear you in the __15. C__ of the room. ” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, __16. A__ more, and became happy. And it was all because he __17. C__to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed __18. A__ was the one who took the last seat that day. It taught me the most __19. D__ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I'm thankful that it came __20. B__and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.
Unit 1 Art Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Here I will introduce some books to you. Cook Yourself Young By (author) Elizabeth Peyton-Jones Want to look and feel 10 years younger? Keen to remove bags under your eyes, and other unpleasant symptoms of ageing? Long to lose weight and stay slim? All you need is to change what you eat and to COOK YOURSELF YOUNG. In her revolutionary new book, Cook Yourself Young, a health expert Elizabeth Peyton-Jones explains how simply by changing the way you cook you can make yourself look younger and live a healthier, more balanced life. Celebrations and Special Days By (author) Ellen Lawrence In Celebrations and Special Days, young readers will join children around the world as they celebrate religious festivals and special family days, such as weddings and coming of age ceremonies. From Holi to Hanukkah, Easter to Ramadan, readers will join families as they prepare special meals, decorate their homes, and take part in the special times that shape our lives. The Story of the Lost Child By (author) Elena Ferrante “Nothing quite like this has ever been published before，” said The Guardian newspaper about the Neapolitan Novels in 2014, “Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay, the third book in the series, was an international bestseller and a New York Times Notable Book of the Year.” Its author was considered as one of the greatest novelists of our time by the New York Times Book Review. This fourth and final installment in the series raises the bar even higher and indeed confirms Elena Ferrante as one of the world's best living storytellers. 【解题导语】本文是说明文，介绍了三本书的相关信息。 1．Which book should you buy if you want to look young? A. Cook Yourself Young. B. Celebrations and Special Days. C. The Story of the Lost Child. D. New York Times Book Review. 答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据Cook Yourself Young部分最后一句中的“by changing the way you cook you can make yourself look younger”可知，Cook Yourself Young这本书介绍了如何通过健康的饮食来使人们保持年轻，故A项正确。 2．Who is Celebrations and Special Days intended for? A. Old people. B. All the people. C. Young people. D. Middle-aged people. 答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据Celebrations and Special Days部分第一句中的“In Celebrations and Special Days, young readers will join children around the world”可知，Celebrations and Special Days这本书的阅读对象是年轻人，故C项正确。 3．What can we learn about Elena Ferrante? A. She is the greatest novelist in the US. B. Her books sell best at the present time. C. She is the author of Celebrations and Special Days. D. She belongs to the best living storytellers. 答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“and indeed confirms Elena
Ⅰ.语境填词 1．The ________(manage) decided to choose a responsible person to perform the task. 2．Gathering clouds ________(announce) the oncoming storm. 3．Smith said he is ________(innocence)，but many people think he is lying. 4．Now it became ________(evidence) that he spoke two languages at once. 5．He must be made to answer for these terrible ________(犯罪)． Ⅱ.单项填空 6．—Bob’s ________ the branches from the tree.Go and ________ for firewood.Bill!
—Do you think I’m really ________ for this kind of work? A．cut away；cut them up；cut through B．cut off；cut them down；cut through C．cut away；cut them up；cut out D．cut off；cut them down；cut out 7．—How are you going to ________ these problems? —I really don’t know what to ________.Will you help me out? A．deal with；do with B．deal with；do C．do with；do with D．do with；do 8．The word “ungelivable” based on Chinese，which has become a big hit online very quickly，________ a message that Chinese can also serve as an addition to English vocabulary. A．delivers B．simplifies C．declares D．clarifies 9．If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better________ your doctor at once. A．convince B．consult C．avoid D．affect 10．The company has got ________ from many users both at home and abroad for top-quality products and services.(2016·无锡一模) A．benefit B．apology C．credit D．envy Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2016·苏州一模) The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts，pure，unprejudiced，objectively selected facts.But in these days of complex news it must provide more；it must supply interpretation，the meaning of the facts.This is the most important
阶段综合检测(四) (时间：100分钟满分：100分) 班级________姓名________得分________ 选择题部分(共65分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ()https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b16083937.html,k ________ by five pence per pound. A．is risen B．is raised C．has risen D．has lifted ()2.The output of machines in 2005 is ________ it was in 2002. A． 5 times what B．5 times that C．5 times as many D．5 times of ()3.It is reported that the employment situation in east China ________ in the last two months, with a rebound in monthly figures. A．has improved B．improved C．was improved D．was improving ()4.The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________， but students became more interested in the lessons. A．saved was teachers' energy B．was teachers' energy saved C．teachers' energy was saved D．was saved teachers' energy ()5.—I'm sorry. I ________ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A．should't shout B．should't have shouted C．mustn't shout D．mustn't have shouted ()6.—Has the doctor ________ the weak child ________ his illness? —No, the doctor didn't ________ him. A．cured; for; treat B．cured; of; treat C．cured; for; cure D．cured; of; cure ()7.(2016·苏北四市联 考)New version of Paris climate agreement ________， the whole world has seen a promising future of lower planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. A．releasing B．released C．has released D．has been released ()8.Don't forget you can get ________ when you're swimming. A．burning B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt ()9.________ the technology developing, the games will become more and more ________. A．As; amazing B．Of; amazed C．With; amazing D．For; amazed
Unit 1 Friendship Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦 2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 3．calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的4．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的5．loose adj. 松的；松开的 6．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年 7．power n. 能力；力量；权力 →powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 →powerless adj. 无力的 8．suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 →suffering n. 折磨；苦难 9．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 →recovery n. 恢复；康复 10．entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 →entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地11．dust n. 灰尘 →dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 12．settle vt. 使定居；安排；解决 →settler n. 移居者；定居者 →settlement n. 解决；处理 13．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 →concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的 →concerning prep. 关于；涉及 14．exact adj. 准确的；精密的；精确的
→exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地15．agree vi. 同意 →agreement n. 协议；同意；一致 →disagree vi. 不同意 16．like vt. 喜欢 prep. 像；如同 →dislike n．&vt. 不喜欢；厌恶17．outdoor adj. 户外的；室外的 →outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 n. 野外；郊外 →indoors adv. 在室内；进入户内 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 18．curtain n．窗帘；门帘；幕布19．series n. 连续；系列 20．thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n. 雷；雷声 21．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt. 倾斜；翻倒 22．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人23．highway n. 公路；大路 24．item n. 项目；条款 25．swap vt.交换 高频短语——会默写 1．add up 合计 2．calm(...)down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3．be concerned about 关心；挂念 4．go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查5．set down 记下；放下；登记 6．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套7．on purpose 故意地；有目的地 8．at dusk 在黄昏时刻 9．face to face 面对面地
讲考纲 讲考点 考点一植物生长素的发现和作用1．生长素的发现过程
2．生长素的产生、运输和分布 （1）产生部位：主要在幼嫩的芽、叶和发育中的种子。 （2）运输：极性运输（胚芽鞘、芽、幼叶和幼根），方向从形态学上端运输到形态学下端；非极性运输：在成熟组织中，可以通过韧皮部进行 （3）分布部位：相对集中地分布在生长旺盛的部分。 3．生长素的生理作用 （1）作用特点：两重性——既能促进生长，也能抑制生长。 （2）实例剖析 ①顶端优势 a．概念：植物的顶芽优先生长而侧芽受到抑制的现象。 b．原因： c．解除方法：摘除顶芽。 d．应用：可适时摘除棉花的顶芽，解除顶端优势，以促进侧芽的发育，从而使它多开花、多结果。 ②根的向地性 重力→生长素分布不均（向地侧生长素浓度高，背地侧生长素浓度低）→生长不均（根的向地侧生长慢，背地侧生长快）→根向地生长。 ③除草剂
从图中可以看出，双子叶植物比单子叶植物敏感。用适当浓度的生长素类似物来杀死单子叶农田里的双子叶杂草，同时促进单子叶植物的生长。 【例1】（2017年江苏卷，13）研究小组探究了萘乙酸（NAA）对某果树扦插枝条生根的影响，结果如下图。下列相关叙述正确的是（） A．自变量是NAA，因变量是平均生根数 B．不同浓度的NAA 均提高了插条生根率 C．生产上应优选320 mg/ L NAA 处理插条 D．400 mg/ L NAA 具有增加生根数的效应 【答案】D 【跟踪训练1】图甲为横放在地面上的幼苗生长状况，图乙为不同浓度的生长素对植物生长影响曲线。下列分析正确的是（）
A．用B、D点所对应浓度的生长素处理扦插枝条则生根效果不相同 B．若某植物幼苗向光侧的生长素浓度为f，则背光侧的生长素浓度可能大于2f C．图甲中a、b、c、d四点的生长素浓度大小为a＞c、d＞b D．若图甲中b点的生长素浓度与图乙中B点对应的浓度相同，则d点的生长素浓度在BD对应的浓度区间 D 【答案】 1．其他植物激素的种类及作用 2．五种植物激素对应的生长调节剂的应用
第一讲动词与动词短语 考点1 熟词生义现象 1．Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp________y ouryearahead. (2017·江苏，30) A．shape B．switch C．stretch D．sharpen 答案 A 解析句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。 2．Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite， ratherthan________us. (2016·浙江，8) A．divide B．reject C．control D．abandon 答案 A
解析句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开，使产生分歧；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。 3．Shakespeare’swritingisstillpopulartoday.Ithasreally________thetestof time. (2014·安徽，34) A．failed B．stood C．taken D．conducted 答案 B 解析考查动词辨析。句意为：莎士比亚的作品现在依然流行，它真的已经经受住了时间的考验。由句意可知选B。 考点归纳 熟词生义现象在高考中屡屡出现，有时会给考生带来不小的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外，对其不太常用的义项也要作适当的了解；其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理，以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。如下列单词的“熟词生义”： ache渴望；address在……上写地址，演说；alone只有；appreciate意识到；blue忧伤的；count有价值；cover够……用；develop逐渐形成；draw推断出；date约会；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰竭；foreign不熟悉的；fresh 无经验的；ground理由；invite招致；late已故的；might力量；observe遵守，庆祝；push督促；promise预示；part分手，放弃；read写着；relate讲述；say假设；subject易遭受……的；walk遛等。
2018（江苏）高考英语一轮复习教案：1.2（b）经典句型 江苏高考英语一轮复习教案：1.2（b）经典句型 ●模块一Unit 2 一、高考能力提升练习 【一】阅读理解 I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place.The time was about 5 o’clock in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to take my daughter from school.Our plan was to go swimming together.I had finished my work at 4 o’clock and then gone to the Post Office.Then I stopped off at a shop in order to get some fresh fruit.We liked to have some fruit to eat after our swim. I was driving along a high road on my way to my daughter’s school.Over my road was another road which was built like a bridge for cars coming to the other way.I was hungry so I put the bag of apples in the seat beside me and started to eat one. Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side.Then my car started to shake！I didn’t know what was happening.Perhaps something had gone wrong with my car.I drove a little more slowly and then I stopped the car and at the same moment the road fell onto the car in front of me. I found myself in the dark.I couldn’t move.The bottom parts of both of my legs and my feet were hurting badly and I couldn’t move them.All around me was quiet.But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise.Then I memorized (记起) what had happened.I had been in an earthquake. For about two hours nobody came.Luckily I could reach the bag of apples，so at least I had plenty to eat.Then I heard people climbing towards me.A team of people had come to see if anyone was under the broken road.I called out，“I’m here！” I heard a shout.Soon a stranger climbed to the side of the road near my car.“How are you doing？” he asked.
第16讲 圆周运动 【教学目标】 1.掌握描述圆周运动的物理量及其之间的关系. 2.理解向心力公式并能应用；了解物体做离心运动的条件． 【教学过程】 ★重难点一、圆周运动的运动学问题★ 1．圆周运动各物理量间的关系 2．对公式v ＝ωr 的理解 当r 一定时，v 与ω成正比； 当ω一定时，v 与r 成正比； 当v 一定时，ω与r 成反比。 3．对a ＝v 2r ＝ω2r 的理解 当v 一定时，a 与r 成反比； 当ω一定时，a 与r 成正比。 4．常见的三种传动方式及特点 (1)皮带传动：如图甲、乙所示，皮带与两轮之间无相对滑动时，两轮边缘线速度大小相等，即v A ＝v B 。 (2)摩擦传动：如图甲所示，两轮边缘接触，接触点无打滑现象时，两轮边缘线速度大小相等，即v A ＝v B 。
(3)同轴传动：如图乙所示，两轮固定在一起绕同一转轴转动，两轮转动的角速度大小相等，即ωA ＝ωB 。 【典型例题】（多选）在汽车无级变速器中，存在如图所示的装置，A 是与B 同轴相连的齿轮，C 是与D 同轴相连的齿轮，A 、C 、M 为相互咬合的齿轮。已知齿轮A 、C 规格相同，半径为R ，齿轮B 、D 规格也相同，半径为1.5R ，齿轮M 的半径为0.9R 。当齿轮M 按如图方向转动时( ) A ．齿轮D 和齿轮 B 的转动方向相同 B ．齿轮D 和齿轮A 的转动周期之比为1∶1 C ．齿轮M 和齿轮C 的角速度大小之比为9∶10 D ．齿轮M 和齿轮B 边缘某点的线速度大小之比为2∶3 【答案】ABD 【解析】A 、M 、C 三个紧密咬合的齿轮是同缘传动，因为M 顺时针转动，故A 逆时针转动，C 逆时针转动，又A 、B 同轴转动，C 、D 同轴转动，所以齿轮D 和齿轮B 的转动方向相同，故A 正确；A 、M 、C 三个紧密咬合的齿轮是同缘传动，边缘线速度大小相同，齿轮A 、C 规格相同，半径为R ，根据v ＝ωr 得，A 、C 转动的角速度相同，A 、B 同轴转动，角速度相同，C 、D 同轴转动，角速度也相同，且齿轮B 、D 规格也相同，所以齿轮D 和齿轮A 的转动角速度相同，故B 正确；A 、M 、C 三个紧 密咬合的齿轮是同缘传动，边缘线速度大小相同，根据v ＝ωr 得 ωM ωC ＝r C r M ＝R 0.9R ＝109 ，故C 错误；A 、M 、C 三个紧密咬合的齿轮是同缘传动，边缘线速度大小相同，根据v ＝ωr 得 ωA ωM ＝r M r A ＝0.9R R ＝910，又A 是与B 同轴相连的齿轮，所以ωA ＝ωB ，所以 ωM ωB ＝ωM ωA ＝109 ，根据v ＝ωr 得 v M v B ＝ωM r M ωA r B ＝109×0.9R 1.5R ＝23 ，故D 正确。 ★重难点二、圆周运动的动力学分析★