Carbohydrate Polymers 81(2010)784–789
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Carbohydrate
Polymers
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /c a r b p o
l
Comparison of the immunological activities of arabinoxylans from wheat bran with alkali and xylanase-aided extraction
Sumei Zhou a ,1,Xiuzhen Liu c ,1,Yan Guo b ,Qiang Wang a ,Daiyin Peng c ,Li Cao b ,?
a
Institute of Agro-food Science &Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
b
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China c
Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei,Anhui Province 230038,China
a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:
Received 2January 2010
Received in revised form 15March 2010Accepted 23March 2010
Available online 30March 2010Keywords:
Wheat bran arabinoxylan Alkaline extraction Enzyme extraction Immunomodulators
a b s t r a c t
Differences in immunoregulatory activities of arabinoxylans (AXs)from wheat bran extracted by alkaline-and enzyme-based methods are unknown.We extracted AX from wheat bran by the 2procedures.Chem-ical analysis revealed that alkaline-extracted AX (AX A )contained a lower amount of protein (4.10%)than enzyme-extracted AX (AX E ,9.85%)and no ferulic acid (as compared with 43.5mg/100g in AX E ).AX A consisted of a highly substituted population with a ratio of arabinose to xylose of 0.83(AX E :0.56),meanwhile the weight-average molecular weight of AX A (3.517×105Da)was about 10times that of AX E (3.252×104Da).Both AX A and AX E had potent stimulating effects on innate and acquired immune responses on oral administration in female BALB/c mice.AX E showed higher macrophage phagocytosis and delayed hypersensitivity reaction than did AX A ,with no signi?cant differences in enhancing lym-phocyte proliferation.Whether extracted by alkaline-or enzyme-aided methods,the obtained AXs could be explored as potent natural immunomodulators.
?2010Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.
1.Introduction
Arabinoxylans (AXs)are major dietary ?ber components of many cereals such as wheat,rye,corn,barley,oat,rice,and sorghum (Fincher &Stone,1986).They consist of backbone chains of ?-(1-4)-linked d -xylopyranosyl residues to which ?-l -arabinofuranose units are linked as side chains,so they are often named as pentosans.The degree and distribution of side chains are impor-tant factors in physiochemical properties of AX (Hopkins et al.,2003).Pharmaceutical applications of AX from cereal have been investigated extensively and shown to prevent lifestyle-related diseases,and it was proved that AX has great effect on stimulat-ing bowel movement,reducing blood sugar level,and inhibiting elevated cholesterol level (Lopez et al.,1999;Lu,Gibson,et al.,2000;Lu,Walker,et al.,2000;Lu,Walker,Muir,&O’Dea,2004).Recently,AX from rice bran,which was enzymatically modi-?ed with extract from Hyphomycetes mycelia ,was found to have an immune-enhancing function and anti-tumor activities (Badr El-Din,Noaman,&Ghoneum,2008;Ghoneum &Abedi,2004;Ghoneuma &Gollapudib,2003;McDermott,Richards,Thomas,Montgomery,&Lewith,2006).A partially hydrolyzed AX from corn
?Corresponding author.Tel.:+861062829611;fax:+861062899748.E-mail address:lcao@https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017077699.html, (L.Cao).1
These authors contributed equally to this work.husk also showed the ability to increase immunopotentiating activ-ity in mice (Ogawa,Takeuchi,&Nakamura,2005).
Wheat bran is an abundantly available by-product of the wheat milling industry.Nearly 20million tons of wheat bran are gener-ated annually in China,most of which is used as low-value feed component.The major constituents of wheat bran are nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs),about 46%in industrial bran,64–69%of NSPs are AXs (Ralet,Thibault,&Della Valle,1990).Extracting AX from wheat bran could improve the use and maximize the potential of bran.
As the main component of the cell wall,AX is dif?cult to extract from wheat bran.A large portion of AX in wheat bran cannot be dis-solved in water.The extent of physical entanglement,covalent ester bonding between carboxyl groups of uronic acids and the hydroxyl groups of AX,as well as the formation of diferulic acid bridges between adjacent arabinoxylan chains,might be related to its sol-ubility (Fincher &Stone,1986;Gruppen,Hoffmann,Kormelink,Voragen,&Kamerling,1992).Cellulose and lignin in bran may inter-fere with isolation of AX (Izydorczyk &Biliaderis,1995).
The 2common ways to extract AX from bran are use of alkaline solutions and enzymatic https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017077699.html,e of alkaline solutions is ef?cient for extracting AX from cell wall materi-als.The solutions NaOH,KOH,and Ca(OH)2are frequently used (Benamrouche,Cr?nier,Debeire,&Chabbert,2002;Bergmans,Beldman,Gruppen,&Voragen,1996)and sometimes H 2O 2is added (Maes &Delcour,2001).However,alkaline solutions are violent and may break down some functional groups of AX,such as ferulic acid,
0144-8617/$–see front matter ?2010Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.040
S.Zhou et al./Carbohydrate Polymers81(2010)784–789785
therefore,and may in?uence their functional properties.The xylanase extraction method is commonly used to degrade AX. Xylanase can attack the AX backbone in a random manner, so the water-unextractable AX becomes soluble and extractable (Andersson,Eliasso,Mangala,Kamal-Eldin,&?man,2003; Swennen,Courtin,Lindemans,&Delcour,2006).
So far,no information exists on the immunological activities of wheat bran AX.The functional properties of polysaccharides are related to AX structure;differences in structure might be related to different extraction procedures used to extract AX.The differences in structure and immunoregulatory activities of AXs extracted by alkaline-and enzyme-based methods are unknown.In this study, we extracted wheat bran AX by alkaline-and enzyme-based proce-dures and compared chemical characterization,structural features, and immunoregulatory activities with the2extractions in vivo and in vitro.
2.Materials and methods
2.1.Materials
Fresh wheat bran was supplied by Beijing Guchuan Flour Co. (Beijing,China)and stored at4?C.Xylanase(Pentopan Mono)was kindly provided by China branch of Novozyme Co.(Beijing,China). RPMI-1640medium,penicillin,streptomycin and all other tissue culture reagents were from GIBCO/BRL Life Technologies(Grand Island,NY,USA).Fetal bovine serum(FBS)was from HyClone Lab-oratories(Logan,UT,USA).Ginseng polysaccharide(GP)was from Shanxi Pude Pharmacy Co.(Shanxi,China).Giemsa dye,MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO),lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and con-canavalin A(ConA)were from Sigma Chemical Co.(St.Louis,MO, USA).Sheep red blood cells(SRBCs)and chicken red blood cells (CRBCs)were aseptically collected from a normal healthy sheep or
a chicken,respectively,and stored in Alsever’s solution at4?C.
2.2.Pre-treatment of wheat bran
The wheat bran was soaked for60min with de-ionized water at 4?C and passed through200mesh,then the moist material was washed with5–6volume(w/v)of water for3times to remove starch.Water was squeezed from the suspension of washed bran, which was heated at50?C for about12h(water content decreased to about10%).The dried wheat bran was ground to powder by use of a hammer mill and passed through60mesh.The de-starched bran was stored at4?C.
2.3.Alkaline extraction of polysaccharides(AX A)
For extraction of AX A,100g dried powder of de-starched wheat bran was mixed with1.5l of0.15N NaOH(including0.5%H2O2, v/v)for90min at80?C,then the mixture was cooled to room tem-perature and centrifuged(5000×g,30min).The supernatant was neutralized with0.2N HCl to about pH4.5,centrifuged(5000×g, 30min),concentrated to about1/4of the original volume under reduced pressure and precipitated by use of ethanol(the?nal concentration65%),then centrifuged(5000×g,5min,4?C).The sediments were dissolved in water and centrifuged(5000×g, 30min,4?C).The supernatant was precipitated by ethanol as above and freeze-dried.The obtained fraction was AX A.
2.4.Enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides(AX E)
For extraction of AX E,100g of de-starched wheat bran was mixed with1.2l de-ionized water and adjusted to about pH5.5with 0.1N HCl,incubated with150units of xylanase at60?C for2h with continuous stirring,then boiled for10min to inactivate the enzyme. After a cooling to room temperature,the wheat bran suspension was centrifuged(5000×g,30min),and the supernatant was con-centrated and precipitated by ethanol as for AX A.The extract was AX E.
2.5.Chemical analysis
All chemical analyses were performed in duplicate,and aver-age results were expressed on a moisture-free basis.Moisture,ash, protein,starch content of wheat bran,puri?ed AX A and AX E frac-tions were determined by ICC(International Association for Cereal Science and Technology;ICC,1991)standard methods No.109/1, 104/1,105/2and the AOAC(Association of Analytical Communi-ties)Of?cial Method996.11(Starch(Total)in Cereal Products). Pentosan content was estimated by the orcinol–hydrochloric acid method(Delcour,Vanhanel,&Geest,1989).The ferulic acid con-tent was measured on spectrophotometry at375nm(Izydorczyk, Biliaderis,&Bushuk,1990),and lignin content was determined as acid-insoluble Klason lignin by the TAPPI(Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)standard method(T222om-06).Uronic acid content was determined by the m-phenylphenol method using glucuronic acid as standard(Blumenkrantz&Asboe-Hansen,1973).
2.6.Analysis of sugar composition
Polysaccharides(AXA and AXE)were hydrolyzed in1M H2SO4 solution under100?C for3h,cooled to room temperature,then neutralized with BaCO3.The sugar composition of AXA and AXE was determined as monosaccharide by high-performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC)on a Waters system(Waters,USA)with a Sugar pak1column(6.8mm×300mm,SHODEX Co.,Japan)and a differ-ential refractive detector.After?ltration(0.45?m),the hydrolyzed samples(10?l)were eluted with pure water at0.5ml/min and at30?C.The column was calibrated and the response factors were calculated by injecting a sugar standard mixture containing arabinose,xylose,glucose,galactose,and mannose(purity,99%, Sigma–Aldrich,Inc.,USA).Sugars present in the samples were iden-ti?ed by comparing their relative retention times with standards and were quanti?ed by response factors.All analyses were con-ducted in duplicate,and values were required to be within a5% reproducibility range.
2.7.Measurement of molecular weight
Average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography with online multi-angle laser light scattering(DAWN-EOS,Wyatt Technology Inc.,USA)with a K5cell and a He–Ne laser( =690nm) and differential refractive index(DRI)detector(OPTILAB DSP).The column(TSK-gel G5000,TOSOH,Japan)was eluted with,pH7.2, 0.1M phosphate buffer at0.5ml/min.The samples were?ltered through a0.45-?m?lter.The collected data were analyzed by use of Astra software(Version4.90.04,Wyatt).The concentration of each eluted fraction was determined by DRI(ERC7515A)according to the known value of dN/dC=0.15.
2.8.Animals and their treatment with AX E and AX A
Female BALB/c mice(grade II,5weeks old)weighing16±2g were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(Certi?cate No.SCXK-2004-0001,Beijing,China).The animals were housed in speci?c pathogen-free conditions(12-h light/12-h dark photoperiod, 22±1?C,55±5%relative humidity).All mice were allowed to
786S.Zhou et al./Carbohydrate Polymers81(2010)784–789
acclimatize in our facility for1week before experiments.All exper-iments were carried out according to the P.R.China legislation on the use and care of laboratory animals,and were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Devel-opment,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.
AX E and AX A were freshly prepared,and LPS contamination was tested by Limulus amebocytes lysate(LAL)assay using an E-TOXATE?kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction.The quantity of endotoxin in AX E and AX A was less than0.015EU/mg (negative).Mice were divided randomly into6groups for treat-ment each day for15days(n=10):AX E or AX A(100and200mg/kg body weight for both,and in a volume of0.1ml/10g body weight, orally or intraperitoneally);GP,50mg/kg body weight,intraperi-toneally in a0.1ml/10g body weight;and control,the same volume of0.9%normal saline.All mice were intraperitoneally challenged with0.2ml of0.1%SRBC on day10.Mice were sacri?ced by cervical dislocation after the last dose.
2.9.Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction(DTH)by foot-pad measurement
At day14,mice were primed with2×108SRBC suspensions in the right hind-foot-pad and PBS in the contralateral paw,and the thickness of the foot-pad was measured24h after SRBC challenge by use of a vernier caliper.
2.10.Preparation of spleen cell suspension
The mice were sacri?ced,and spleens were removed asep-tically.A single-cell suspension was prepared after cell debris and clumps were removed.Erythrocytes were depleted with ammonium chloride buffer solution.Lymphocytes were washed twice with PBS(phosphate buffered saline)containing5%FBS and adjusted to5×106cells/ml in complete medium RPMI1640 supplemented with12mM HEPES(4-(2-hydroxyerhyl)piperazine-1-erhanesulfonic acid,pH7.1),0.05mM2-mercaptoethanol, 100IU/ml penicillin,100?g/ml streptomycin,and10%FBS.
2.11.Splenocyte proliferation assay in vivo
Splenic lymphocytes prepared from treated mice were cultured in triplicate wells of96-well?at-bottom plates(5×105cells/well) with ConA(2.5?g/ml)or LPS(10?g/ml)(Sigma,USA).After44-h incubation at37?C with5%CO2,20?l MTT(5mg/ml,Sigma) was added into each well for another4-h incubation;plates were centrifuged(1400×g,5min)and the untransformed MTT was removed by pipetting.DMSO(200?l)working solution(192?l DMSO with8?l1N HCl)was added to each well,and the absorbance was evaluated on a microtiter plate reader(Bio-Tek MQX200,USA) at570nm.
2.12.Splenocyte proliferation assay in vitro
Splenic lymphocytes from normal mice prepared as described previously were mixed with AX E or AX A(16,32,63,125,250, 500,1000?g/ml?nal concentration)and incubated with ConA (2.5?g/ml)or LPS(10?g/ml)as described previously.Absorbance at570nm was measured.The control experiments were performed without AX.All experiments were performed3times indepen-dently.
2.1
3.Phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages
Phagocytosis of mice was detected as described(Yang et al., 2009).Brie?y,mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation,and Table1
Yields and compositions of AXs extracted from de-starched wheat bran.
De-starched wheat bran AX A AX E
Yield(%)a18.512.4
Composition
Protein(%)18.4 4.19.8 Starch(%) 4.2n.d.n.d.
Pentosan(%)39.888.985.6 Arabinose(%)b25.041.834.8 Xylose(%)b28.950.562.4 Glucose(%)b43.97.7 2.8 Galactose(%)b 2.2n.d.n.d.
Mannose(%)b n.d.n.d.n.d.
A/X c0.860.830.56 Ferulic acid(mg/100g)–n.d.43.5 Uronic acid(%) 2.5 2.6 3.1 Lignin(%)8.69.1 4.3 Ash(%) 6.70.50.1
All values were determined in duplicate.n.d.,not detectable.
a Yield(%)was calculated as weight percentage of pentosan in obtained AXs based on de-starched wheat bran(dry basis).
b Expressed as weight percentage(%)of total sugar content.
c A/X:arabinose to xylose ratio.
peritoneal macrophages were septically prepared from peritoneal exudates of mice after stimulation by intraperitoneally injection of 4ml Hanks solution.FBS was added in the macrophage solution at a?nal titer of20%(v/v).An equal volume of1%(v/v)CRBCs was added.The mixture was then spread onto glass slides and incu-bated at37?C for20min in a humidi?ed atmosphere.During the culturing period,the CRBCs were swallowed by the macrophages. Supernatants were then gently removed with use of a0.9%NaCl solution,and the adherent cells were stained with Giemsa dye.The number of macrophage-ingesting CRBCs in at least100cells was calculated by direct visual enumeration on light microscopy.The phagocytic rate(PR)was calculated as follows:
PR(%)=
number of macrophage?ingesting CRBCs
total number of macrophages
×100.
2.14.Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as means±SD and were analyzed with SPSS (version12.0for Windows,SPSS Inc.).Differences were considered signi?cant at p<0.05.
3.Results and discussion
3.1.Isolation and characterization of AX E and AX A
Commercial wheat bran contains some amounts of starch and protein,as well as pentosan(15–30%content on a dry matter basis), which may interfere with the extraction of AX.Because a granule of starch is smaller than that of bran,pre-treating bran by washing and wet-sieving(200mesh)effectively removed starch;the amount of starch was decreased from25.9%to4.2%(Table1).On the other hand,the content of pentosan was increased from24.3%to39.8%. Isoelectric precipitation at pH4.5was introduced to remove protein from AX.The chemical composition,as well as yield of AXA and AXE are shown in Table1.
Compared with the yield of AX E,that of AX A was almost 50%greater(18.5%vs.12.4%,Table1).Therefore,alkaline solu-tion(0.15M NaOH containing0.5%H2O2)was more effective in extracting AX from wheat bran than was xylanase hydrolysis.It is well known that protein by amide bond and ferulic acid by ester bond are chemically associated with AX,respectively,which can be hydrolyzed by alkaline media(Fincher&Stone,1986),AXA
S.Zhou et al./Carbohydrate Polymers81(2010)784–789787
contained less protein(4.10%)than did AXE and almost no fer-ulic acid.Uronic acid contents showed no signi?cant difference between the two AX products(p<0.05).
The monosaccharide compositions of wheat bran and AXs were determined by HPLC.Both of the AXs contained more than90%ara-binose and xylose relative to total sugar(Table1),whereas there were only53.9%in wheat bran.More than80%of glucose(mostly from cellulose in wheat bran)was removed after the two extraction procedures.AX A contained more glucose than AX E.But other minor neutral sugars,such as galactose and mannose which were found in previous reports(Hollmann&Lindhauer,2005;Maes&Delcour, 2002)were not determined in this study.According to the latest report made by Revanappa,Nandini,and Salimath(2010),galac-tose and mannose were not detected in puri?ed pentosans from whole wheat?our,which agreed with our results.Therefore,the contents of those minor sugars might be related to the purity of the extracts.As to the substituted degree or branch of arabinose,AXA contained a highly substituted population,with a ratio of A to X of0.83,whereas that for AXE was only0.56,for a low substituted population.The results are similar to those for water-unextractable and-extractable AXs in wheat bran(Maes&Delcour,2002).
The elution pro?les of AX A and AX E are in Fig.1.Based on differ-ential refractive index(DRI)signals,both AX A and AX E contained more than1elution https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017077699.html,bined with laser light scattering sig-nals,the low-molecular-weight peaks eluting after22.0min were detected for AX A and AX E samples.According to the detection limits of MALLS(103to108Da),the molecular weight of the last peak was around or below to103Da.As the AXs were obtained by65%(v/v) ethanol precipitation,oligosaccharide with low-molecular-weight within the supernatants was removed.However,there were certain amounts of lignin in AXs by composition analysis,especially in AX A (Table1),it implied that the substances of low-molecular-weight might be lignin.
The main peak of AX A eluting at16.2min,which was earlier than that of AX E(18.5min),indicated that AX A has a higher average molecular weight than AX E.Astra analysis revealed that AX A con-tained two populations with weight-average molecular weights of 7.233×106and3.517×105Da(Table2),with the content of the former population much lower;the calculated mass determined by the DRI was about3%of the latter population(5.9605×10?6 to1.7798×10?4g).The weight-average molecular weight of the major population of AX A was10times that of AX E(3.252×104Da). Values of Mw/Mn and Mz/Mn revealed that the polydispersity of AX A was much larger than that of AX E(Table2),so obtaining AXE by the enzyme-extraction method was relatively uniform and pro-duced a low degree of polymerized AX.
3.2.Immunological activity of AX E and AX A
The DTH reaction is a cell-mediated pathologic response involved in T-cell activation and the production of many cytokines (Black,1999)and an important index of overall immune function. Results of orally treating mice with AX E and AX A on SRBC-induced DTH reactions are in Table3.The hypersensitivity response,char-acterized by foot-pad swelling,was evident24h after injection with a suspension of2×108SRBC into the right hind paw.
Ginseng Fig.1.High-performance size-exclusion chromatograms of AXs from wheat bran determined by differential refractive detector and multi-angle laser light scattering (curve in blue—differential refractive detector signal,curve in red—90?angle laser light scattering signal,and curve in green—quasi-elastic light scattering signal).(For interpretation of the references to color in this?gure legend,the reader is referred to the web version of the article.)
Table3
Effect of oral treatment of AX A and AX E on sheep red blood cell(SRBC)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in mice.
Group(n=10)Dosage(mg/kg/day)Difference in paw swelling,
mean±SD
Control00.015±0.004
GP500.040±0.009a
AX A2000.028±0.007a
AX A1000.020±0.007a
AX E2000.036±0.006a,c
AX E1000.025±0.005a,b
GP=ginseng polysaccharide.a:p<0.001compared with control.b,c:p<0.05com-pared with AX A(100and200mg/kg,respectively).
polysaccharide(GP),AX E,and AX A could signi?cantly enhance the foot-pad swelling as compared with control treatment(p<0.001), and AX E showed higher DTH reactions than did AXA at100and 200mg/kg(p<0.05).However,intraperitoneally treating mice with AX E and AX A had no effect on DTH reactions(data not shown).
Lymphocyte proliferative responses are often used to evalu-ate the functional capacity of T-and B-lymphocyte immunity. ConA stimulates T-cell and LPS stimulates B-cell proliferation(Dai,
Table2
Weight-average molecular weight(Mw),number-average molecular weight(Mn),Z-value molecular weight(Mz)and polydispersity(Mw/Mn,Mz/Mn)of AXs from wheat bran.
Calculating mass(g)Mw Mn Mz Mw/Mn Mz/Mn
AX A 5.9605×10?67.233×106(1.0%)a 5.199×106(1.1%) 1.113×107(2.6%) 1.391±0.021(1.5%) 2.140±0.060(2.8%) 1.7798×10?4 3.517×105(0.3%) 1.376×105(0.6%)7.008×105(0.8%) 2.557±0.017(0.7%) 5.094±0.049(1.0%)
AX E 3.4906×10?4 3.252×104(1.6%) 3.171×104(1.7%) 3.252×104(1.6%) 1.025±0.024(2.3%) 1.053±0.042(4.0%) a Percentages in()indicates the reliability of values within5%.All values were determined in duplicate.
788S.Zhou et al./Carbohydrate Polymers81(2010)784–789
Table4
Effects of oral treatment of AX A and AX E on splenic lymphocyte proliferation in mice.
Group(n=10)Dosage
(mg/kg/day)
A570nm OD,mean±SD
LPS ConA
Control/0.3958±0.04970.4350±0.0609 GP500.5123±0.0672b0.5819±0.0796b AX A2000.5045±0.0690b0.5193±0.0779b AX A1000.4465±0.06050.4915±0.0361a AX E2000.4905±0.0519b0.5454±0.0658b AX E1000.4397±0.06610.5016±0.0668a OD=optical density;LPS=lipopolysaccharide;ConA=concanavalin A.
a,b:p<0.05,p<0.01compared with control.
Table5
Effects of AX A and AX E on phagocytic function of macrophages in mice abdominal cavities.
Group(n=10)Dosage(mg/kg/day)Phagocytic rate(PR),mean±SD Control/17.2±3.04
GP5029.9±6.69b
AX A20021.3±4.42a
AX A10017.3±2.79
AX E20026.3±5.85b,c
AX E10020.8±3.58a,d
a,b:p<0.05,p<0.01compared with control.
c,d:p<0.05compared with AX A(100and200mg/kg,respectively).
Zhang,Zhang,&Wang,2009).Proliferation assay revealed that orally treating mice with AX E and AX A signi?cantly increased ConA-and LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation at100and200mg/kg (p<0.05,p<0.01),and GP treatment(50mg/kg)also had a strong effect on splenic lymphocyte proliferation as compared with con-trol treatment(p<0.01)(Table4).AX E and AX A did not differ in induced lymphocyte proliferative response.However,in vitro assay or intraperitoneal treatment with AX E and AX A revealed no signi?-cant changes in ConA-and LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (data not shown).
Activated macrophages participate in both speci?c and non-speci?c immune reactions but also are the“bridge cell”of these two kinds of immune reactions(Chen et al.,2008).Table5shows the phagocytic activity of macrophages isolated from mice orally treated with AX E and AX A.AX E,AX A,and GP enhanced phagocyto-sis by peritoneal macrophages as compared with control treatment; the PR was elevated signi?cantly with AX E(100and200mg/kg)and AX A(200mg/kg).The phagocytic activity of AX E was higher than that of AX A at100and200mg/kg(p<0.05).However,intraperi-toneal treatment with AX E and AX A had no effect on enhancing phagocytosis(data not shown).
In summary,oral administration of alkaline-and enzyme-extracted wheat bran AX to mice both had a potent effect on innate and acquired immune responses.However,neither intraperitoneal treatment nor assay in vitro of AX E and AX A conferred any inmunos-timulating effect.These results suggest the immunostimulating activity of wheat bran AX may be related to its metabolism in vivo.AX of wheat bran AX can be used as fermentable sub-strates for the growth of probiotic microorganisms present in the colon,such as lactobacilli and bi?dobacteria,and act as a pre-biotic.These probiotic microorganisms are induced by AX and synthesize extracellular hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanase and ferulic acid esterase,which can degrade AX(Grootaert et al., 2009;Vardakou,Nueno Palop,Gasson,Narbad,&Christakopoulos, 2007).Integrative systemic metabolic and microbiome pro?l-ing revealed that probiotics and prebiotics may have systemic effects on the host immune system and metabolism.Probiotics can stimulate immunity by increasing mucosal antibody produc-tion,thus boosting pro-in?ammatory cytokine expression and enhancing host defensin production.Prebiotics can selectively stimulate bene?cial microbes within the gut microbiota and may directly stimulate the immune system and enhance host defenses. The end-products of fermentation of prebiotics may be short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate,which are able to improve mucosal morphology by increasing mucin production and decreasing translocation by binding to SCFA receptors on immune cells within the gut lymphoid-associated tissue(Saulnier,Spinler, Gibson,&Versalovic,2009).However,further investigation about the relationship between the immunostimulating mechanisms of wheat bran AX and its function as a prebiotic is needed.
We also showed that the phagocytic activity of AX E on macrophages and DTH reaction with oral administration to mice were higher than AX A.The immune-enhancing function of wheat bran AX is related to molecular weight,chemical composition,and substituted degree or branch of arabinose.In this study,AX E had lower average molecular weight and smaller polydispersity,as well as a low substituted population,and contained more protein and ferulic acid than did AX A.Dietary supplementation rich in polyphe-nols such as ferulic acid,gallic acid,and catechin appears to enhance immune cell functions(Alvarez et al.,2006),so ferulic acid may be responsible for part of the higher immunostimulating activ-ity of AX E.Further studies are needed to elucidate the structure, function,relations and mechanisms responsible for wheat bran AX immunological activities.
4.Conclusions
AX extracted from wheat bran by alkaline and enzymatic meth-ods had potent effects on innate and acquired immune responses in mice.Although the immune-enhancing activity of AX E was higher than that of AX A,the yield of AX A was about50%more than that of AX E.AX extracted from wheat bran by alkaline or enzyme-aided procedures all could be explored as a good source of natural immunomodulator.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by Basic Scienti?c Research Funds of State-level Public Welfare Scienti?c Research Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences and the Comprehen-sive Technology Platform of New Drug Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2009ZX09301-003).
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和美女陌生搭讪开场白全攻略 关于搭讪的心态建设： 遇到陌生人，上去 说话是一种礼貌。 不要以为路人 就不 要关心-----实际上我们的关心都是有目的的啦。 金皮说过一句话：”我只是要上去认识个朋友想的越多，死的越残。”这句话很对。 ，我当年刚出道的时候，为什么很猛，就是这个心态。 下面我们从深层分析每个场所的搭讪情形： 大学自习室 图书馆搭讪 一，前期准备 1，踩点， 哪里美女多 就往哪去 2， 有些图书馆有箱子 你可以在那占个箱子 放上饮料（女生喜欢吃营养快线） 好吃的 ，如果美女和你是同桌，你们在一起自习有好几次，你就有机会了 3， 带上一本新的草稿纸 和笔 4，选准目标，在美女附近找个座位，最好是美女的侧对面，如果没有，坐在她左右都无所谓 5，检验。 你可以装着去洗手间 洗手 或上厕所 检验一下目标长的是不是你很心仪的那种，有时候难免有看走眼的时候，盲目的搭讪是无谓的 二，先在她旁边坐一会，然后就是进攻啦 1，直接写纸条 根据不同是女生 可以写不同的内容 a，同学你长的好有气质，可不可以认识一下，交个朋友，如果可以的话，请把你的电话号码写在这张纸上，如果不可以的话，就当什么也没发生 b,同学你长的好有气质，我在你旁边看书都有点心不在焉，可以认识一下，交个朋友吗？ 差不多就是这些了，写纸条的成功率大概是70% ，因为美女们会有戒心，除非美女很空虚，否则。。 2，更高级的一招，问话式。。 成功率98%以上 a,看看她在看什么书，如果是医学的话，你就问她：嗨，你是学临床的吧？ b，借东西，捡东西 捡东西： 故意把笔盖掉在她座位附近，然后 请她帮你捡起笔盖，然后很有礼貌的说声谢谢！ 记着要 面带微笑 之后 你们就熟了
尊重的素材（为人处世） 思路 人与人之间只有互相尊重才能友好相处 要让别人尊重自己，首先自己得尊重自己 尊重能减少人与人之间的摩擦 尊重需要理解和宽容 尊重也应坚持原则 尊重能促进社会成员之间的沟通 尊重别人的劳动成果 尊重能巩固友谊 尊重会使合作更愉快 和谐的社会需要彼此间的尊重 名言 施与人，但不要使对方有受施的感觉。帮助人，但给予对方最高的尊重。这是助人的艺术，也是仁爱的情操。—刘墉 卑己而尊人是不好的，尊己而卑人也是不好的。———徐特立 知道他自己尊严的人，他就完全不能尊重别人的尊严。———席勒 真正伟大的人是不压制人也不受人压制的。———纪伯伦 草木是靠着上天的雨露滋长的，但是它们也敢仰望穹苍。———莎士比亚 尊重别人，才能让人尊敬。———笛卡尔 谁自尊，谁就会得到尊重。———巴尔扎克 人应尊敬他自己，并应自视能配得上最高尚的东西。———黑格尔 对人不尊敬，首先就是对自己的不尊敬。———惠特曼
每当人们不尊重我们时，我们总被深深激怒。然而在内心深处，没有一个人十分尊重自己。———马克·吐温 忍辱偷生的人，绝不会受人尊重。———高乃依 敬人者，人恒敬之。———《孟子》 人必自敬，然后人敬之；人必自侮，然后人侮之。———扬雄 不知自爱反是自害。———郑善夫 仁者必敬人。———《荀子》 君子贵人而贱己，先人而后己。———《礼记》 尊严是人类灵魂中不可糟蹋的东西。———古斯曼 对一个人的尊重要达到他所希望的程度，那是困难的。———沃夫格纳 经典素材 1元和200元 （尊重劳动成果） 香港大富豪李嘉诚在下车时不慎将一元钱掉入车下，随即屈身去拾，旁边一服务生看到了，上前帮他拾起了一元钱。李嘉诚收起一元钱后，给了服务生200元酬金。 这里面其实包含了钱以外的价值观念。李嘉诚虽然巨富，但生活俭朴，从不挥霍浪费。他深知亿万资产，都是一元一元挣来的。钱币在他眼中已抽象为一种劳动，而劳动已成为他最重要的生存方式，他的所有财富，都是靠每天20小时以上的劳动堆积起来的。200元酬金，实际上是对劳动的尊重和报答，是不能用金钱衡量的。 富兰克林借书解怨 （尊重别人赢得朋友）
那一刻我感受到了幸福 本文是关于初中作文的那一刻我感受到了幸福，感谢您的阅读！ 每个人民的心中都有一粒幸福的种子，当它拥有了雨水的滋润和阳光的沐浴，它就会绽放出最美丽的姿态。那一刻，我们都能够闻到幸福的芬芳，我们都能够感受到幸福的存在。 在寒假期间，我偶然在授索电视频道，发现(百家讲坛)栏目中大学教授正在解密幸福，顿然引起我的好奇心，我放下了手中的遥控器，静静地坐在电视前，注视着频道上的每一个字，甚至用笔急速记在了笔记本上。我还记得，那位大学教授讲到了一个故事：一位母亲被公司升职到外国工作，这位母亲虽然十分高兴，但却又十分无奈，因为她的儿子马上要面临中考了，她不能撇下儿子迎接中考的挑战，于是她决定拒绝这了份高薪的工作，当有人问她为什么放弃这么好的机会时，她却毫无遗憾地说，纵然我能给予儿子最贵的礼物，优异的生活环境，但我却无当给予他关键时刻的那份呵护与关爱，或许以后的一切会证明我的选择是正确的。听完这样一段故事，我心中有种说不出的感觉，刹那间，我仿拂感觉那身边正在包饺子的妈妈，屋里正在睡觉的爸爸，桌前正在看小说的妹妹给我带来了一种温馨，幸福感觉。正如教授所说的那种解密幸福。就要选择一个明确的目标，确定自已追求的是什么，或许那时我还不能完全诠释幸福。 当幸福悄悄向我走来时，我已慢慢明白，懂得珍惜了。 那一天的那一刻对我来说太重要了，原本以为出差在外的父母早已忘了我的生日，只有妹妹整日算着日子。我在耳边唠叨个不停，没想到当日我失落地回到家中时，以为心中并不在乎生日，可是眼前的一切，让我心中涌现的喜悦，脸上露出的微笑证明我是在乎的。
爸爸唱的英文生日快乐歌虽然不是很动听，但爸爸对我的那份爱我听得很清楚，妈妈为我做的长寿面，我细细的品尝，吃出了爱的味道。妹妹急忙让我许下三个愿望，嘴里不停的唠叨：我知道你的三个愿望是什么?我问：为什么呀!我们是一家人，心连心呀!她高兴的说。 那一刻我才真正解开幸福的密码，感受到了真正的幸福，以前我无法理解幸福，即使身边有够多的幸福也不懂得欣赏，不懂得珍惜，只想拥有更好更贵的，其实幸福比物质更珍贵。 那一刻的幸福就是爱的升华，许多时候能让我们感悟幸福不是名利，物质。而是在血管里涌动着的，漫过心底的爱。 也许每一个人生的那一刻，就是我们幸运的降临在一个温馨的家庭中，而不是降临在孤独的角落里。 家的感觉就是幸福的感觉，幸福一直都存在于我们的身边!
健身房搭讪练瑜伽的女生的攻略-文章_爱 情文章 当前的各大健身房当中，练瑜伽的妹子有很多很多。可以说，这是一个发生邂逅几率很高的场所，相对于其他方式的搭讪来讲，健身房的客观条件就显得稍微好一些。毕竟，有相对固定的场所，有一定的健身时间，话题也十分的相近，必须遇到的机会也非常多。那么我们应该如何把握好时机，利用好条件，来搭讪练瑜伽的妹子呢? 观察妹子的活动规律，先混个“脸熟儿” 每一个人的生活都有一定的规律。对于一个爱去健身房的妹子来说，生活当中有些事肯定会安排的有条不紊，这个时候就需要去通过观察来确定对方的活动规律。一般来说，练瑜伽有很多健身教练在前面带领，并指导动作的形式。每到这时，我们可以在与之相近的相关器材进行健身，一方面观察对方每天的健身规律，掌握好相应的时间;另一方面，在对方视野当中有意无意的出现，混个“脸熟儿”，不仅可以增加印象，还可以为今后的搭讪打好基础。 对自己“狠”一点，加深她对自己的印象 随着社会阅历的增多，女人对男人的要求不仅仅是“颜值”这么
一条，更多的是需要有气质、男人味儿和安全感。掌握了对方的时间规律，便可有针对性的让她加深自己的印象。这期间，可以早来一会，让她看到你每天都在很勤奋的进行健身;当她练习完瑜伽之后，回家时依然可以看到自己健身的影子。久而久之，对方必然会察觉到。这之后，可以偶尔创造几次与她同一时间离开健身房的机会，同时可以很自然的有一些眼神的接触，加深她对自己的印象。当然，这期间要好好的进行健身，切勿表现出因为妹子而刻意去表现什么的做法。毕竟，有些妹子观人还是很独到的，一旦给多方一种做作之感，只能是增加反感，所以一切要显得自然而然。 勇敢的搭讪 以上两点之后，慢慢的，我们可以通过点头之交，到打招呼进行问候。之后以健身为“桥梁”来展开话题。当然，在你来我往的每一句交流中，可以衍生出更多关于健身的话题：健身期间的作息规律、饮食结构、前后所带来的变化、身体与之前相对比，对生活产生的相关作用等等，都可以围绕着健身这个话题来展开。然后在进行广泛的讨论，提出一些恰当的关心、合理的建议，在交流当中逐渐的成为朋友。渐渐地熟悉之后，可以摄入一些其他的话题，加深彼此的了解。 联系的方式,留一个
关于我的幸福作文八篇汇总 幸福在每个人的心中都不一样。在饥饿者的心中，幸福就是一碗香喷喷的米饭；在果农的心中，幸福就是望着果实慢慢成熟；在旅行者的心中，幸福就是游遍世界上的好山好水。而在我的心中，幸福就是每天快快乐乐，无忧无虑；幸福就是朋友之间互相帮助，互相关心；幸福就是在我生病时，母亲彻夜细心的照顾我。 幸福在世间上的每个角落都可以发现，只是需要你用心去感受而已。 记得有一次，我早上出门走得太匆忙了，忘记带昨天晚上准备好的钢笔。老师说了：“今天有写字课，必须要用钢笔写字，不能用水笔。”我只好到学校向同学借了。当我来到学校向我同桌借时，他却说：“我已经借别人了，你向别人借吧！”我又向后面的同学借，可他们总是找各种借口说：“我只带了一枝。”问了三四个人，都没有借到，而且还碰了一鼻子灰。正当我急的像热锅上的蚂蚁团团转时，她递给了我一枝钢笔，微笑的对我说：“拿去用吧！”我顿时感到自己是多么幸福！在我最困难的时候，当别人都不愿意帮助我的时候，她向我伸出了援手。 幸福也是无时无刻都在身旁。 当我生病的时候，高烧持续不退时，是妈妈在旁边细心
的照顾我，喂我吃药，甚至一夜寸步不离的守在我的床边，直到我苏醒。当我看见妈妈的眼睛布满血丝时，我的眼眶在不知不觉地湿润了。这时我便明白我有一个最疼爱我的妈妈，我是幸福的！ 幸福就是如此简单！不过，我们还是要珍惜眼前的幸福，还要给别人带来幸福，留心观察幸福。不要等幸福悄悄溜走了才发现，那就真的是后悔莫及了！ 这就是我拥有的幸福，你呢？ 悠扬的琴声从房间里飘出来，原来这是我在弹钢琴。优美的旋律加上我很强的音乐表现力让一旁姥爷听得如醉如痴。姥爷说我是幸福的，读了《建设幸福中国》我更加体会到了这一点。 儿时的姥爷很喜欢读书，但当时家里穷，据姥爷讲那时上学可不像现在。有点三天打鱼两天晒网，等地里农活忙了太姥爷就说：“别去念书了，干地里的活吧。”干活时都是牛马拉车，也没机器，效率特别低。还要给牲口拔草，喂草，拾柴火，看书都是抽空看。等农闲时才能背书包去学校，衣服更是老大穿了，打补丁老二再接着穿，只有盼到过年时才有能换上件粗布的新衣服。写字都是用石板，用一次擦一次，那时还没有电灯，爱学习的姥爷在昏暗的煤油灯下经常被灯火不是烧了眉毛就是燎了头发。没有电灯更没有电视，没有电视更没有见过钢琴，只知道钢琴是贵族家用的。
小学生作文《感悟幸福》范文五篇 小草说,幸福就是大地增添一份绿意;阳光说,幸福就是撒向人间的温暖;甘露说,幸福就是滋润每一个生命。下面是为大家带来的有关幸福650字优秀范文，希望大家喜欢。 感悟幸福650字1 生活就像一部壮丽的交响曲，它是由一篇一篇的乐章组成的，有喜、有怒、有哀、有乐。每一个人都有自己丰富多彩的生活，我也有自己的生活。我原本以为，吃可口的牛排，打电脑游戏，和朋友开心玩乐就是幸福。可是，我错了，幸福并不仅仅如此。 记得有一次，我放学回到家里放下书包就拿起一包饼干来吃。吃着吃着，突然我觉得牙齿痛了起来，而且越来越痛，痛得我连饼干也咬不动了。我放下饼干，连忙去拿了一面镜子来看。原来这又是那一颗虫牙在“作怪”。“哎哟哟，哎哟哟，痛死我了……”我不停地说着。渐渐地，那牙疼得越来越厉害，疼得我坐立不安，直打滚。后来在妈妈的陪伴下去了医院，治好了那颗虫牙。跨出医院大门时，我觉得心情出奇的好，天空格外的蓝，路边的樟树特别的绿，看什么都顺眼，才猛然一悟，幸福是简单而平凡的，身体健康就是一种幸福! 这学期我发现我的英语退步了，我决定要把这门功课学好，于是，我每天回
家做完作业后，都抽出半小时时间复习英语，在课上也听得特别认真，一遇到不懂的题目主动请教老师。经过一段时间的努力，终于，在上次考试的时候，我考了97分。妈妈表扬了我，我心里美滋滋的。我明白了经过自己的努力享受到成功的喜悦，这也是一种幸福。 …… 每个人都无一例外的渴望幸福。不同的人有不同的感受，其实，幸福就是那种能在平凡中寻找欢乐、能在困境中找到自信的一种心境。同学们，幸福其实很简单，就在我们的身边，触手可及。用心去认真地品味吧，它一直未曾离开我们身边! 感悟幸福650字2 有的人认为幸福就是腰缠万贯，有的人认为幸福就是找到意中人，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”是陶渊明对邪恶幸福，“从明天起做一个幸福人，喂马、劈柴、周游世界。从明天起，关心蔬菜和粮食，我有一所房子，面朝大海，春暖花开。”这是海子的幸福。一千种人就有一千种对幸福的理解。 我对幸福的理解就是幸福使简单而平凡的，是无处不在的! 我的牙疼得奇怪而顽强不是这颗牙疼就是那颗牙疼;不是吃冷的疼就是吃热
电梯直达主题[原创] 古墓丽影9(Tomb Raider)剧情＋全地图＋营地＋文档＋遗物＋秘宝＋挑战＋藏宝图100%收集完美全攻略 [复制链接] 发表于 2013-3-12 10:52:39 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览本帖最后由 枫红一刀流 于 2013-3-12 11:19 编辑 古墓丽影（Tomb Raider ）剧情＋全地图＋营地＋文档＋遗物＋秘宝＋挑战＋藏宝图100%收集完美全攻略by 枫红一刀流 本攻略全地图标注，所有道具无一遗漏，真正的全攻略。 本帖隐藏的内容 故事开始，劳拉和罗斯船长、惠特曼博士进行一次考古探险，乘着坚忍号往太平洋的一座岛屿寻找失落的王国邪马台。船只遭遇暴风雨，劳拉从失事船只落难到神秘的小岛，被人从身后敲晕。 1：上手指南（Tutorial ） 醒来发现自己被捆成了粽子倒悬在地窖中，摇摆身体撞向另一只“粽子”，它被烛火烧了下去。再摆动身体撞向燃烧起来的横杆，坠落到地上，拼力拔出腹上的木签，忍痛前行。 前面有人被悬吊起来，附近摆满红烛，似乎进行某种邪恶仪式。从柱子上拿起火把，用它来点燃易燃物打开通路。按Q 键切到求生本能视角，看到能互动的物体。 重新点燃火把，攀到木架上点燃白布，引燃油桶炸开通路。往前钻洞，遇到怪叔叔，用QTE 挣脱他，不要啊不要！游出水洞到溪涧，空中吊着一只竹笼，用火烧断两侧的绳子，竹笼升高，另一道平台沉入水中，被河流冲下来的箱子木桶堆集上面，过去将它们点燃。爬到脚手架跳到空中的竹笼上，燃烧的木桶被倾倒在右边铁笼里，推掉铁笼将燃烧的箱子木桶倾泻到前方，引燃油桶炸开通路。 再遇怪叔叔又是QTE ，连续按方向键，接续互动键踢开他。拚力爬出山洞，结束本关卡，出现“古墓丽影”大标题。 分享到：16
妖姐撩汉攻略108式 ?Yushia Yao 目录 一、单身族如何抬高身价 (1) 二、基本情商 (1) （一）如何优雅地对待自己讨厌的人 (1) （二）如何把一个人的自尊伺候到高潮 (2) （三）妖孽是没有情绪起伏和波动的神 (4) （四）如何操纵别人的情绪 (5) （五）潜意识 (6) （六）冷静 (7) 三、认识男神 (8) （一）如果你已经心里有目标男神了，你们又不直接认识 (8) （二）表白被拒绝怎么办 (11) 四、微信撩汉 (12) （一）总论 (12) （二）心态建设 (12) （三）具体步骤 (13) （四）具体情景 (14) 五、撒娇 (18) （一）肢体 (18) （二）语言 (20) （三）女汉子撒娇初级教程 (22) （四）女汉子高级撒娇教程 (24) 六、约会 (26) （一）约会三部曲 (26) （二）肢体 (28) （三）聊天 (30) （四）聊天中的微动作 (32) （五）话题 (32) （六）声音 (33) （七）给他一个向自己献殷勤的机会 (33) 七、酒吧攻略 (34) （一）单枪匹马 (34)
（二）团队合作 (35) （三）穿着 (40) （四）熟悉环境 (41) （五）舞蹈 (42) （六）和男神去酒吧进阶 (43) 八、炮友转正 (45) （一）“炮友转正”难点解析 (45) （二）具体步骤 (46) 1.如果炮友是刚认识的男神 (46) 2.如果炮友是你的男闺蜜 (52) 九、分类撩 (54) （一）明骚 (54) 1.射手座 (54) 2.白羊座 (59) 3．水瓶座 (64) 4．双子座 (68) 5.艺术小哥哥 (73) 6.摇滚小哥哥 (77) 7.金融男 (79) 8.运动系 (85) （二）闷骚 (88) 1.高冷 (88) 2.老干部 (91) 3.金牛座 (94) 4.呆萌小哥哥 (98) 5．大学老师 (104) 6.学霸 (108) 7.警察 (116) 8.程序员 (120) 9.处女座 (126) 10.摩羯座 (132) 11.禁欲系 (135) （三）见多识广&历经沧桑型 (140) 1．律师 (140) 2.飞行员 (146) 3.大叔 (153) 4.事业心强的男神 (163) 5.成功男士 (166) 6.VC小哥哥 (174) 7.狮子座 (178) （四）小鲜肉型 (186) 1. 撩 (186)
关于以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文5篇 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是作者为各位家长学生收集整理的作文（日记、观后感等）范本，欢迎借鉴参考阅读，您的努力学习和创新是为了更美好的未来，欢迎下载！ 以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文1： 那是我生病后的第三天，妈妈从早上五点就起来为我准备早点。她蹑手蹑脚地走着“针步”，下楼煮早点，“啪”的一声，妈妈打开了煤气。在拿肉丝，打鸡蛋的她全然不知我正躲在楼梯口“监视”着她的一举一动。不一会儿，蛋炒好了。 她开始切肉丝，一不小心，妈妈的手指切破皮了，鲜血正一滴一滴地流下来，为了不影响我的睡眠，她把手指放在嘴里吸了一下，坚持把剩下的肉丝切完。 此时的我，心中犹如打翻了五味瓶，眼里的泪像断了线的珍珠般掉了下来，我再也忍不住了，一个劲地冲到妈妈面前，她赶紧把手背了过去，生怕让我知道了什么。 她吃惊地问我：“妈妈太吵了，吵到你了?”“不，不，没有”她见我这么早起来就让我再回去补个觉。我关心地问：“妈，你的手没事吧?”她吱唔着说：“没事，擦破点皮，不碍事!”我仔细地帮她清洗了伤口，贴了一片创可贴。 吃饭时，妈妈一直地往我碗里夹肉，“孩子，病刚好，多吃点!”可是我见她始终都没吃一块肉。我也夹了两块放在她的碗里。“儿子懂事了，你自己快点吃吧!补身体要紧!”我冲她点点头笑了笑，“嗯。” 这就是幸福，一份简简单单的幸福!我祈祷这幸福能伴我成长。 以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文2： 在我眼中，成长就是记录我们长大过程中一点一滴的小事情的，而幸福就在这点点滴滴中。 在我的成长记忆中，永不磨灭的是2017年11月的一天。妈妈要去云南，妈妈早上四点半要到指定地点集合，这么早，妈妈要两三点就起来，可是最近我咳嗽比较严重，所以天天给我煮萝卜汤喝。 “叮铃铃，叮铃铃”闹钟叫了起来，把我从睡梦中吵醒，一醒来，去找妈妈，
qh外：方向：右上建议挖宝时辰：戍时/卯时禁止挖宝时辰：辰时/申时/午时大唐国境：方向：正上建议挖宝时辰：丑时/戍时禁止挖宝时辰：申时/未时/卯时/亥时/辰时 CA外：方向：正右建议挖宝时辰：子时/辰时/已时禁止挖宝时辰：丑时/申时/亥时花果山：方向：左下建议挖宝时辰：酉时禁止挖宝时辰：戍时/辰时/亥时/子时/丑时/已时大唐境外：方向：正前建议挖宝时辰：辰时/酉时禁止挖宝时辰：未时/亥时/戍时/申时傲来国：方向：右下建议挖宝时辰：辰时/午时/寅时/亥时禁止挖宝时辰：已时/丑时乌斯藏：方向：正左建议挖宝时辰：酉时禁止挖宝时辰：亥时/未时/卯时/戍时五庄观：方向：左下建议挖宝时辰：午时/子时禁止挖宝时辰：无清河：方向：左上建议挖宝时辰：未时/午时禁止挖宝时辰：子时/丑时/酉时/申时普陀山：方向：正左建议挖宝时辰：申时禁止挖宝时辰：未时/丑时/子时/酉时狮驼岭：方向：正上建议挖宝时辰：申时/已时禁止挖宝时辰：酉时/寅时/卯时——————————————————————————————————————————这个你可以参考一下，我也是在一个贴上看到的另外是这个是我试验的结果：神武挖宝的一些时辰跟物品记录神武挖宝出物一览清河镇时辰未时驾驭宝典1清河镇时辰未时放妖清河镇外申时五级长鞭之灵清河镇外申时 5个还童丹清河镇外酉时星光护符狮驼岭子时一级黄宝石狮驼岭子时一级舍利子乌斯藏丑时 3级腰带之灵乌斯藏寅时 6级双环之灵五庄观 寅时放妖 ++魔王寨辰时 4级男鞋之灵魔王寨辰时 3级短棒之灵魔王寨巳时放妖大唐国境午时荆棘之刺大唐境外申时一堆钱擦盘丝岭亥时 4级折扇之灵普陀山辰时 4级男衣之灵长安城外辰时偷袭星光护符花果山巳时 4级枪之灵天魔里巳时 4级女帽之灵清河镇外亥时挖怪。。清河镇亥时放妖长安城外子时挖怪大唐国境子时宝宝装备大唐国境丑时凤羽普陀山丑时挖怪普陀山寅时兽决自愈普陀山寅时驾驭宝典2傲来国卯时挖怪傲来国卯时宝宝装备天魔里巳时还童丹5天魔里巳时 4级腰带之灵天魔里午时 4级短棒之灵方寸山午时 4级男帽之灵乌斯藏未时放妖乌斯藏未时虎牙乌斯藏申时还童丹*5魔王寨申时驾驭宝典1五庄观酉时 5级双环之灵五庄观戌时放妖盘丝岭子时宠物装备清河镇丑时 5级法珠之灵长安城外丑时挖怪长安城外寅时挖怪普陀山卯时 3级帽子之灵傲来国卯时兽决防御方寸山辰时一堆钱狮驼岭辰时放妖乌斯藏巳时放妖乌斯藏午时 5级朴刀之灵狮驼岭子时 1级黑宝石魔王寨丑时 4级长鞭之灵魔王寨巳时 5级双环之灵清河镇子时 5个还童丹清河镇外丑时放妖大唐国境丑时魔兽要诀水系大唐国境寅时 5个还童丹大唐国境寅时魔兽要诀火系大唐国境寅时飞贼饰物大唐国境卯时放妖普陀山卯时野猪饰物普陀山辰时 6级男衣之灵盘丝岭辰时放妖盘丝岭巳时荆棘之刺大唐境外午时 5级男鞋之灵乌斯藏午时 5个还童丹魔王寨未时 5 级男帽之灵方寸山未时挖怪方寸山申时猴子饰物傲来国申时 5个还童丹傲来国申时放妖天魔里酉时 5级项链之灵 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017077699.html,/post-16-760853-1.shtml
谈如何尊重人尊重他人，我们赢得友谊；尊重他人，我们收获真诚；尊重他人，我们自己也 获得尊重；相互尊重，我们的社会才会更加和谐. ——题记 尊重是对他人的肯定，是对对方的友好与宽容。它是友谊的润滑剂，它是和谐的调节器， 它是我们须臾不可脱离的清新空气。“主席敬酒，岂敢岂敢？”“尊老敬贤，应该应该！”共和 国领袖对自己老师虚怀若谷，这是尊重；面对许光平女士，共和国总理大方的叫了一 声“婶婶”，这种和蔼可亲也是尊重。 尊重不仅会让人心情愉悦呼吸平顺，还可以改变陌生或尖锐的关系，廉颇和蔺相如便是 如此。将相和故事千古流芳:廉颇对蔺相如不满，处处使难，但蔺相如心怀大局，对廉颇相 当的尊重，最后也赢得了廉颇的真诚心，两人结为好友，共辅赵王，令强秦拿赵国一点办法 也没有。蔺相如与廉颇的互相尊重，令得将相和的故事千百年令无数后人膜拜。 现在，给大家举几个例子。在美国，一个颇有名望的富商在散步 时，遇到一个瘦弱的摆地摊卖旧书的年轻人，他缩着身子在寒风中啃着发霉的面包。富 商怜悯地将8美元塞到年轻人手中，头也不回地走了。没走多远，富商忽又返回，从地摊上 捡了两本旧书，并说：“对不起，我忘了取书。其实，您和我一样也是商人！”两年后，富商 应邀参加一个慈善募捐会时，一位年轻书商紧握着他的手，感激地说：“我一直以为我这一生 只有摆摊乞讨的命运，直到你亲口对我说，我和你一样都是商人，这才使我树立了自尊和自 信，从而创造了今天的业绩??”不难想像，没有那一 句尊重鼓励的话，这位富商当初即使给年轻人再多钱，年轻人也断不会出现人生的巨变， 这就是尊重的力量啊 可见尊重的量是多吗大。大家是不是觉得一个故事不精彩，不够明确尊重的力量，那再 来看下一个故事吧！ 一家国际知名的大企业，在中国进行招聘，招聘的职位是该公司在中国的首席代表。经 过了异常激烈的竞争后，有五名年轻人，从几千名应聘者中脱颖而出。最后的胜出者，将是 这五个人中的一位。最后的考试是一场面试，考官们都 作文话题素材之为人处世篇：尊重 思路 人与人之间只有互相尊重才能友好相处 要让别人尊重自己，首先自己得尊重自己 尊重能减少人与人之间的摩擦 尊重需要理解和宽容 尊重也应坚持原则 尊重能促进社会成员之间的沟通 尊重别人的劳动成果 尊重能巩固友谊 尊重会使合作更愉快 和谐的社会需要彼此间的尊重 名言 施与人，但不要使对方有受施的感觉。帮助人，但给予对方最高的尊重。这是助人的艺 术，也是仁爱的情操。———刘墉 卑己而尊人是不好的，尊己而卑人也是不好的。———徐特立 知道他自己尊严的人，他就完全不能尊重别人的尊严。———席勒 真正伟大的人是不压制人也不受人压制的。———纪伯伦 草木是靠着上天的雨露滋长的，但是它们也敢仰望穹苍。———莎士比亚
最新整理高中关于幸福的议论文800字范文3篇 范文一 什么是幸福?当我把一个棒棒糖递给六岁的邻居小妹妹时，她满足的笑容告诉我，这是她的幸福。当我轻轻地走过妹妹的写字台时，我瞥见埋在桌上的妹妹的僵硬的表情。我笑笑，走近，她抬头，水汪汪的眼睛望着我，似乎带着某种渴求。我说：出去玩吧!她笑了，蹦蹦跳跳地跑了出去。我诧异，这么真诚的笑。玩耍是她的幸福。 暑假到了，马上面临实习的哥哥回来了。可没过几天，就不见人影了，好容易盼他回来，暑假也结束了。他说他去了内蒙的好多地方。我关切的问他累吗?他说：累啊!随后又骄傲地说：“可是我学会了许多东西，我相信那对我以后的人生路是有帮助的。”我笑，大声地喊：哥，你是我的榜样。在他看来，他的暑假是充实的，他是幸福的! 夜幕降临，繁星点点。隔着一层帘，我看见常年劳作的父亲坐在那里，默默地吸着一支烟。灯光打在他的脸上，我看不清他的表情，只有那斑白的鬓角依稀可见。父亲真的老了，每天早出晚归来支撑这个家，他一定很累了。眼泪盈满了眼眶，最后还是不争气的流了下来……“咳、、咳、、”一阵剧烈的咳嗽声传来。我擦干眼泪，走到父亲旁边，父亲把那支烟熄灭，慈祥的笑笑，说：爸爸老了，不中用了。我说：没有啊!父女两开怀的笑了，笑声混着一个个烟圈飘向远方……我问父亲：爸，这么多年付出，这么多年劳作，你幸福吗?他坚定地告诉我，幸福!他说：“只要你们开开心心快快乐乐地成长，我做的一切都值得。”他又说：“霞，好好读书，爸爸赚钱供你上大学，我还没老呢，至少还能干XX年，20年……然后是一片寂静，我和父亲看着远方，那里有希望。 年迈的姥姥是家里的大长辈，他常常念叨：平安就是福。那也许是经历了人生的酸甜苦辣后的感悟吧!每逢新春，一大家人在姥姥家围着看电视时，那应该是她的幸福吧! 幸福是什么?它不是你一个人拥有一座豪宅，它是一家人在并不宽敞的屋子里谈笑风生。它不是你一个人有拥山珍海味，它是一家人和和乐乐的吃一些普通
感受幸福作文(15篇) 感受幸福作文第1篇： 幸福是什么？这是许多同学要问的问题。 很小的时候，我就明白钱能够买来一大盒巧克力；钱能够买来玩具汽车；钱能够买许多的美丽的洋娃娃；钱能够买来一个大楼…… 我以为有钱就是幸福。 倡我错了，钱虽然能够买来一屋子巧克力，但买了甜蜜，钱虽然能买到房子，可是却买来家庭幸福；钱虽然能买来药，可是却买来健康，钱虽然能买来闹钟，可是买来时间……那时，我又明白了有钱必须幸福。 以前，我总是为了一条连衣裙而朝思暮想，盼望有一天能够穿上裙子，去放风筝。那时候，我以为拥有就是幸福。 最终有一天，妈妈给我买了这条连衣裙，我高兴的一宿都没有睡觉。可是几天的新鲜劲没有了，穿上裙子后，我并没有什么改变，依然是一个黄毛丫头。于是把它扔到箱子里。几个月后，我又把它翻出来，可是已经小了，穿下了。我又明白了，虽然裙子很美，但都是暂时的，完美的时光总是转瞬消失。 “幸福是什么？”我依然没有感受到。 几年后，我在街上看到了一对耄耋老人，他们虽然履蹒跚，可是互相搀扶，有时抬头看看天上的云卷云舒，有时望望西天如血的残阳，她们脸上洋溢着的是满足和幸福。 噢，我明白幸福就是真情。虽然他们很穷，可是他们很
相爱。他们彼此珍惜，从感叹世界对他们的公平。往往有的有钱人，他们虽然很有钱，可是他们并幸福，因为他们的心总是被金钱和权势所占据了，根本享受了这天伦之乐。 幸福其实很简单，就是和爸爸、妈妈吃一顿饭，和他在一齐聊聊天。 感受幸福作文第2篇： 夜，悄悄地打开了黑暗，散布着一如既往的宁静，天上的繁星披上了闪装，正对着我的眼，似乎害怕我听到它们之间的悄悄话。 知何时，甘寂寞的虫儿起劲地奏起了动听的乐曲，清凉的微风夹杂着泥土的芳香悄悄地将白天的烦闷与喧嚣赶跑。夜，显得更加宁静而诗意了。 静静的，左思，右想，就这样静静地坐在楼顶上，感受着夜馈赠我的美妙。就连天上偶尔飘过的云朵，也像是怕惊动了夜的宁静，如绒毛在平静水面滑过般，显得那么轻柔而迷人。 今夜独处在空旷的夜空下，感受着夜带给我的美妙，幸福惬意溢满于心。原先自我一向以来苦苦追寻的幸福其实就在自我的身边。 以往，有人努力打拼，渴望生活富裕来获得幸福，可一辈子的艰辛拼搏使自我逐渐沦为金钱的奴隶，苦苦追寻的幸福也越寻越远，最终留给自我的是岁月无情地染白的头发。其实，幸福并非是追寻能得到的，幸福是一种感受，仅有用心感受身边的一切，你就能发现，幸福无处在，譬如，管贫
五更琉璃/黑猫 【场景名称】【2-SHOT对话或应该选择的ORE】 【真妹大歼SISCALYPSE】【ORESISCALY游戏大赛】 【反驳与说服】【ORE全国水平】 【反驳与说服】【ORE冷静下来】 【反驳与说服】【黒猫（□×□□）】 【分组的事先放一边】【ORESISCALY游戏大赛】 【分组的事先放一边】【ORE全国水平】 【人生咨询】【ORE全国水平】 【人生咨询】【ORE胜算高点好】 【正面对决】【黒猫（□□×□）】 【黑猫的实力】【ORE大赛的奖品】 【出发去游山逛景】【ORE安部晴明】 休学旅行结束后进入黑猫线（在此单独存档，进入黑猫其他结局时读此档就可以不用从头开始来了) 黑猫BAD END & NORMAL END 【锅与鱼】【黒猫（×□×□）】 【颠倒的人生咨询】【桐乃（□□）】 【螺旋眼镜的话语】【ORE重要的目的】（选择此ORE是进入场景目击与侥幸的第二个条件） 【电脑都市的喧嚣】【黒猫（×××□）】 【深夜的私语】【ORE可爱的后辈】（选择此ORE是进入场景目击与侥幸的第三个条件）【深夜的私语】【黒猫（□××）】 【放学后的遭遇】【黒猫（×××□□）】 【放学后的遭遇】【黒猫（□□□□）】 【完全无视的辛酸】【ORE我的世界】 【妹妹的视线】【ORE我的世界】 【与父亲的谈话】【黒猫（□□□×□）】 【过劳与睡眠不足与不安】【黒猫（×□×□）】 【信念与荣耀】【ORE没教养的猫】 【辅佐黑猫】【ORE教室】 【辅佐黑猫】【黒猫（□×□□）】 【辅佐黑猫２】【ORE自己的将来】 （此处存档1 下面的normalend读这个档就可以，前面对话选项和bad end完全一样，想速推妹纸的推荐） 【神的试炼】【ORE没教养的猫】 黑猫BadEnd ·仲夏夜黎明的恶梦 黑猫NORMAL END（此处读档1） 【神的试炼】【ORE重要的朋友或ORE妹妹般的存在或ORE可爱的后辈】 黑猫NormalEnd ·诡异的黎明仲夏夜
尊重他人的写作素材 导读：——学生最需要礼貌 著名数学家陈景润回厦门大学参加 60 周年校庆，向欢迎的人们说的第一句话是：“我非常高兴回到母校，我常常怀念老师。”被人誉为“懂得人的价值”的著名经济学家、厦门大学老校长王亚南，曾经给予陈景润无微不至的关心和帮助。陈景润重返母校，首先拜访这位老校长。校庆的第三天，陈景润又出现在向“哥德巴赫猜想”进军的启蒙老师李文清教授家中，陈景润非常尊重和感激他。他还把最新发表的数学论文敬送李教授审阅，并在论文扉页上工工整整写了以下的字：“非常感谢老师的长期指导和培养——您的学生陈景润。”陈景润还拜访了方德植教授，方教授望着成就斐然而有礼貌的学生，心里暖暖的。 ——最需要尊重的人是老师 周恩来少年时在沈阳东关模范学校读书期间 , 受到进步教师高盘之的较大影响。他常用的笔名“翔宇”就是高先生为他取的。周恩来参加革命后不忘师恩 , 曾在延安答外国记者问时说：“少年时代我在沈阳读书 , 得山东高盘之先生教诲与鼓励 , 对我是个很大的 促进。” 停奏抗议的反思 ——没有礼仪就没有尊重 孔祥东是著名的钢琴演奏家。 1998 年 6 月 6 日晚，他在汕头
举办个人钢琴独奏音乐会。演出之前，节目主持人再三强调，场内观众不要随意走动，关掉 BP 机、手提电话。然而，演出的过程中，这种令人遗憾的场面却屡屡发生：场内观众随意走动， BP 机、手提电话响声不绝，致使孔祥东情绪大受干扰。这种情况，在演奏舒曼作品时更甚。孔祥东只好停止演奏，静等剧场安静。然而，观众还误以为孔祥东是在渴望掌声，便报以雷鸣般的掌声。这件事，令孔祥东啼笑皆非。演出结束后，孔祥东说：有个 BP 机至少响了 8 次，观众在第一排来回走动，所以他只得以停奏抗议。 “礼遇”的动力 ——尊重可以让人奋发 日本的东芝公司是一家著名的大型企业，创业已经有 90 多年的历史，拥有员工 8 万多人。不过，东芝公司也曾一度陷入困境，土光敏夫就是在这个时候出任董事长的。他决心振兴企业，而秘密武器之一就是“礼遇”部属。身为偌大一个公司的董事长，他毫无架子，经常不带秘书，一个人步行到工厂车间与工人聊天，听取他们的意见。更妙的是，他常常提着酒瓶去慰劳职工，与他们共饮。对此，员工们开始都感到很吃惊，不知所措。渐渐地，员工们都愿意和他亲近，他赢得了公司上下的好评。他们认为，土光董事长和蔼可亲，有人情味，我们更应该努力，竭力效忠。因此，土光上任不久，公司的效益就大力提高，两年内就把亏损严重、日暮途穷的公司重新支撑起来，使东芝成为日本最优秀的公司之一。可见，礼，不仅是调节领导层之间关
感悟幸福(作文)(20篇) 篇一篇的乐章组成的，喜、怒、哀、乐。每一个人都自我丰富多彩的生活，我也自我的生活。我原本以为，吃可口的牛排，打电脑游戏，和朋友开心玩乐就是幸福。可是，我错了，幸福并不仅仅如此。 记得一次，我放学回到家里放下书包就拿起一包饼干来吃。吃着吃着，突然我觉得牙齿痛了起来，并且越来越痛，痛得我连饼干也咬不动了。我放下饼干，连忙去拿了一面镜子来看。原先这又是那一颗虫牙在“作怪”。“哎哟哟，哎哟哟，痛死我了”我不停地说着。渐渐地，那牙疼得越来越厉害，疼得我坐立不安，直打滚。之后在妈妈的陪伴下去了医院，治好了那颗虫牙。跨出医院大门时，我觉得心境出奇的好，天空格外的蓝，路边的樟树异常的绿，看什么都顺眼，才猛然一悟，幸福是简单而平凡的，身体健康就是一种幸福！ 这学期我发现我的英语退步了，我决定要把这门功课学好，于是，我每一天回家做完作业后，都抽出半小时时间复习英语，在课上也听得异常认真，一遇到不懂的题目主动请教教师。经过一段时间的努力，最终，在上次考试的时候，我考了97分。妈妈表扬了我，我心里美滋滋的。我明白了经过自我的努力享受到成功的喜悦，这也是一种幸福。
每个人都无一例外的渴望幸福。不一样的人不一样的感受，其实，幸福就是那种能在平凡中寻找欢乐、能在困境中找到自信的一种心境。同学们，幸福其实很简单，就在我们的身边，触手可及。用心去认真地品味吧，它一向未曾离开我们身边！ 感悟幸福(作文) 第8篇： 幸福无时没，幸福无处不在。儿时，你的幸福就是当你跌倒失声痛苦时，母亲抱起你，拍打着你背时的那句“别哭。”;成年时，你的幸福就是在你结婚时你身旁的那位拉起你的手问你的那句“你愿意吗”;老年时，你的幸福就是在椅子背后孙子的那句“奶奶我帮你敲背!”。家庭中，幸福是一家子的和乐融融;学校里，幸福是同学间的互相竞争;赛场上，幸福是队友间的默契配合。 然而，幸福不全然是唾手可得的，想不付出任何代价而得到幸福，那是神话。张志新说;“苦换来的是知识真理，坚持真理，就应自觉的欣然理解痛苦，那时，也仅那时，痛苦才将化为幸福。”仅心身遭受过痛苦的洗涤，幸福才会来到，痛得越深，苦得越彻，幸福得就越甜。鲁迅说：“穿掘到灵魂的深处，使人受了精神的苦刑而得到的创伤，又即从这得伤和养伤的愈合中，得到苦的涤除，而上了苏生的路。”从而得到了幸福的真谛。拉罗什夫科说过：“幸福后面是灾祸，灾祸后面是幸福。”你想成为幸福的人吗愿你首先吃得
留学生搭讪全揭秘附拒绝异性搭讪攻略 很多隽永的爱情都是始于搭(shua)讪(liu mang)。比如说Jack 和Rose，又比如说董永和七仙女。大家都是通过搭讪认识，最后谱写了动人的爱情故事。 对 于深处不同文化环境中的留学生，因为会接触到同样是来自于不同文化背景的人。所以一定会受到各种各样的搭讪!不是所有的搭讪都能成长为爱情，但是所有的爱 情都始于搭讪。搭讪不仅有技巧，并且是门艺术。搭讪处理得好，不仅是情商和智商的表现，更会为自己迎来许多的生活乐趣，认识更多有趣的人。但是要是处理不 当，势必会将自己陷于尴尬的境地! 小编就带你一起来看看这个世界上三类人的搭讪方式吧：普通青年搭讪方式 1 “Have we met before?” 这是最经典、最保险的搭讪方式同时也是最老土的一种搭讪方式。也许美女脸眼皮子都不会抬一下就说到：走走走开，姐姐不想土懵宅搭讪! 如果在对方回复了一个”I don’t think so。”之后就立刻转身继续刚才所做的事情，那就请你知趣的走开吧。 如果对方笑眯眯的回复一个模棱两可的答案，恭喜你，你可以继续谈话了。 2 “Are you Christina/Jason?” 当然，你知道Ta不是Christina或者Jason，你只不过是想引起对方注意而已。 但是，这里一定要注意名字的选择。像一些怪异的名字例如Crystal, Amber等不要乱放，因为外国人总会把这些名字和Call-Girl联想到一起。所以中国女生热爱的什么Cherry，Pussy之类千万不要乱叫。一点都不可爱呢! 3 “What are you drinking? Do you like it?” 通常，只要你们俩不是乖乖女、乖乖男，调酒永远是个可以接受的搭讪话题。要是对方
尊重_议论文素材 "礼遇"的动力 --尊重可以让人奋发 日本的东芝公司是一家著名的大型企业，创业已经有90 多年的历史，拥有员工8 万多人。不过，东芝公司也曾一度陷入困境，土光敏夫就是在这个时候出任董事长的。他决心振兴企业，而秘密武器之一就是"礼遇"部属。身为偌大一个公司的董事长，他毫无架子，经常不带秘书，一个人步行到工厂车间与工人聊天，听取他们的意见。更妙的是，他常常提着酒瓶去慰劳职工，与他们共饮。对此，员工们开始都感到很吃惊，不知所措。渐渐地，员工们都愿意和他亲近，他赢得了公司上下的好评。他们认为，土光董事长和蔼可亲，有人情味，我们更应该努力，竭力效忠。因此，土光上任不久，公司的效益就大力提高，两年内就把亏损严重、日暮途穷的公司重新支撑起来，使东芝成为日本最优秀的公司之一。可见，礼，不仅是调节领导层之间关系的纽带，也是调节上下级之间关系，甚至和一线工人之间关系的纽带。世界知识产权日 --尊重知识 在2000 年10 月召开的世界知识产权组织第35 届成员国大会上，我国提议将 4 月26 日定为"世界知识产权日"。这个提案经世界知识产权组织成员国大会得到了确定。2001 年4 月26 日成为第一个"世界知识产权日"。这是我国尊重知识的具体表现。 屠格涅夫与乞丐 --尊重比金钱更重要 俄罗斯文豪屠格涅夫一日在镇上散步，路边有一个乞丐伸手向他讨钱。他很想有所施与，从口袋掏钱时才知道没有带钱袋。见乞丐的手伸得高高地等着，屠格涅夫面有愧色，只好握着乞丐的手说："对不起，我忘了带钱出来。"乞丐笑了，含泪说："不，我宁愿接受您的握手。" 孙中山尊重护士 --尊重不分社会地位 有一天，孙中山先生病了，住院治疗。当时，孙中山已是大总统、大元帅了。但是，他对医务人员很尊重，对他们讲话很谦逊。平时，无论是早晨或是晚间，每当接到护士送来的药品，他总是微笑着说声"谢谢您"，敬诚之意溢于言辞。 1925 年孙中山患肝癌，弥留之际，当一位护理人员为他搬掉炕桌时，孙中山先生安详地望着她，慈祥地说："谢谢您，您的工作太辛苦了，过后您应该好好休息休息，这阵子您太辛苦了! "听了这话，在场的人都泣不成声。 毛泽东敬酒 --敬老尊贤是一种美德 1959 年6 月25 日，毛泽东回到离别30 多年的故乡韶山后，请韶山老人毛禹珠来吃饭，并特地向他敬酒。毛禹珠老人说："主席敬酒，岂敢岂敢! "毛泽东接着说："敬老尊贤，应该应该。" 周恩来不穿拖鞋接待外宾 --衣着整齐体现对人的尊重 周恩来晚年病得很重，由于工作的需要，他还要经常接待外宾。后来，他病得连脚都肿起来了，原先的皮鞋、布鞋都不能穿，他只能穿着拖鞋走路，可是，有些重要的外事活动，他还是坚持参加。他身边的工作人员出于对总理的爱护和关心，对他说："您就穿着拖鞋接待外
今日小宠物推荐：高攻王者翡翠始祖龙宝宝泡在诺森德多日终于捕获到这只蓝色高攻品种的翡翠始祖龙宝宝，个人认为这是5.1新加入宠物里最坑爹的一只宠物，刷新速度极慢，刷新数量也少，这还不是最关键的，最关键的是蹲守它的人很多很多。 “诺森德的海岸上到处都是这种漂亮的幼龙。” 满级属性： 1400 341 244 获取地点：千万不要被它的注解所迷惑，它刷新的地点并非诺森德的海岸线上，而是索拉查盆地中间灰色的那一小块地方。 技能介绍： 吐息：1级技能，用龙之吐息席卷敌人，造成361点伤害。 上古祝福：2级技能，为使用者治疗505点生命值，并使你的队伍最大生命值每级提升5点，持续9轮。3轮冷却。 原始之击：4级技能，向上高飞，在1轮内无法攻击。在下一轮，你发动攻击，造成631点伤害。4轮冷却。 翡翠之咬：10级技能，用翡翠利齿猛咬敌人，造成361点伤害。 翡翠灵气：15级技能，使你从每次攻击中受到的伤害降低，最大降低90点伤害，持续
5轮。 翡翠梦境：20级技能，进入睡眠状态，首轮回复180点生命值，第二轮回复361点生命值，第三轮回复722点生命值。处于翡翠梦境中，你不能切换宠物。 优势与劣势： 优势：具有很强大的攻击能力，并且可以利用飞天技能躲避对手的一回合攻击，同时具有减免伤害的BUFF，配合强大的治疗系技能，能加能打能抗，宠物界中的圣骑士。 劣势：除了被人型宠物克制外，其他劣势还真不明显。 技能全解析： 吐息：基础伤害技能，克制魔法类宠物，但对亡灵宠物减伤，配合翡翠始祖龙的高攻，此伤害也不能不让人忽视。 拥有此技能的宠物：奥妮克希亚龙宝宝、星界灵龙等。 上古祝福：治疗系技能，并且可以提升队伍的最大生命值，配合高攻属性，其治疗数值也十分好看。 拥有此技能的宠物：竞争之魂、儒行之爪、翼手龙宝宝等。