非谓语动词
[注]
在“It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”，而将作主语的动名词短语
放在后面。其他情况一般不用it作形式主语代替作主语的动名词。例如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
Is it worthwhile trying again?
2。动名词的完成式代表的是在谓语所表示的发生前就发生的动作。例如：I’m pleased at your having passed the exam.
I don’t remember having seen her before.
但有时也可用一般式。例如：
Excuse me for coming late. (= having come late)
3 在want, need, deserve, require等动词后面，常用动名词的主动式表示被动的意义。例如：
Your pronunciation needs improving.
The naught boy deserved beating.
3．在下列动词后面用动名词和不定式意思不同：
1) 在remember, forget, 和regret后面，动名词表示过去的行为，而动词不定式表示将来的
行为。例如：
I don’t remember seeing her before.
Remember to bring a notebook with you.
2）在stop后面，动名词表示停止做某事，动词不定式表示开始做某事。例如：When the bell rang, they stopped working.
When he bell rang, they stopped to take a rest.
3）在后面，动名词表示“尝试”，动词不定式表示“努力”。例如：
He tried to win the scholarship.
They tried knocking at the back door for nobody could hear them at front door.
4)learn 后面跟动名词多表示学习的过程，跟动词不定式多表示某种程度的成功。例如：
He has learned to swim. (Now he knows how to swim.)
He is learning swimming. (He doesn't know how to swim yet.)
4．动词enjoy, mind, postpone, suggest, require, delay, escape, fancy, practise, finish, excuse, mention, avoid, regret, consider, deny, give up, put off等后面通常有动名词作宾语，不用动词不
定式。例如：
We enjoy taking a walk on fine days.
She practices singing everyday.
后面可以跟动名词也可跟动词不定式的及物动词有like, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer 等。
括号内的动名词形式填空，并指出其用法，注意动名词用在哪些词后面：
1._________________ (play) football is my favorite sport.
2.Do you enjoy ________________ (visit) friends?
3.His brother is fond of ______________ (play) chess.
4.This novel is worth ______________ (read) many times.
5.I’m looking forward to ______________(see) them next week.
6.I shall never forget _____________ (meet) her on the first at the college.
7.I keep ____________ (think) of ____________ (go) back there again.
8.______________ (watch) television is my favourite pastime.
9.Is ____________ (read) easier than ____________ (write)?
10.I ’m very keen on _____________ (cycle).
11.She is afraid of ______________(stay) in that house alone.
12.Excuse me for ______________ (wake) you up.
13.He went on _____________ (speak) for hours.
14.They got used to ______________ (live) in the countryside.
15.He finished ______________ (work) at three o’clock.
16.Are you used to ______________ (get) up early in winter?
17.Did you get used to ______________ (bath) in such cold winter?
18.They continued ______________ (argue) till midnight.
19.I don’t believe in ____________ (teach) English without _____________ (compare) it with
Chinese.
20.Would you mind ______________________ (not smoke) in the theatre?
21.It's a waste of time ________________ (try) to reason with him.
22.We all hate ___________________ (laugh) at.
23.Mother looked at her broken glasses, and my brother apologized for _______________
(break) them.
24.Children sometimes lie because they are afraid of _________________ (punish).
25.Your shoes need ___________________ (clean).
26.These walls of the room want _____________________ (white-wash).
27.He felt __________________ (carry) to a cool place.
28.You can’t avoid ______________ (make) mistakes.
一、用动名词结构合并句子：
Model: He sat there. He didn’t say anything.
→He sat there without saying anything.
1.He didn’t turn off the radio. He left the room.
He left the room _____________________________________________ .
2.He glanced at his watch. He hurried to the class.
_____________________________________________ , he hurried to the class.
3.I must apologize. I interrupted you.
I must apologize ___________________________________________ .
4.He went out of the restaurant. He did not pay the bill.
He went out of the restaurant ____________________________________ .
5.She bought a pair of boots. She did not get a pair of shoes. (用instead of)
____________________________________________________________ .
6.She was afraid . (of) She might wake the baby.
_____________________________________________________________ .
7.He takes a cold bath every morning. He is used to it.
_________________________________________________________ .
8.Please wait for him. Would you mind?
Would you mind _________________________________________ .
9.Please don’t shout. He can’t stand it.
He can’t stand ____________________________________ .
10.Don’t cry over spilt milk. It’s useless.
It’s useless ____________________________________.
二、用动名词结构完成句子：
1．His hobby is _______________________ .（钓鱼）.
2．Every Friday afternoon ______________________________（我们去滑冰）.
3．You will only succeed by __________________________（努力尝试）.
4．Tom hates __________________________________________________（早晨七点以前起床）.
5．I couldn’t help _________________________（迟到）. My train was delayed（耽搁）by a heavy fog.
6．It’s _________________________________________（等着没有用）,there won't be another train.
7．Thank you for ____________________________________（给我写信）.
8．I’m _____________________________________________________（盼望着收到他的信）. 9．That car ____________________________________________（需要修理）.
10．He ____________________________________________________（作为一名中国人，他感到骄傲）.
11．It’s no use ___________________________________________（跟那些人谈话没有用）. 12．You can’t _______________________________________________（不呼吸你就不能生存）.
13．The film is ______________________________________（很值得一看）.
14．I suggest _____________________________________________________（把会议延迟到星期六）.
三、用非谓语动词的适当形式填空：
1.He wanted _______________(see) the book I had bought.
2.Please stop _______________(walk) about the room and sit down.
3.We decided ______________(go) for a picnic on Saturday.
4.He made her ______________(go) although she wanted _____________(stay).
5.Please remember _______________(give) her this letter.
6.We heard him _______________(say) that he disliked ___________(go) abroad any more.
7.The little boy was made ________________(take) the medicine.
8.He remembers _____________(go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
9.The thief kept ______________(say) he hadn’t taken the wallet.
10.The policeman saw him _______________ (steal) the bike and ride away with it.
11.I must apologize for not _______________(let) you know earlier.
12.I didn’t expect ______________(meet) you he re.
13.The meeting ______________(hold) there is of great importance.
14.They stared at each other, __________________(puzzle).
15.He used to ____________(work) sixteen hours a day.
16.It was no use ________________(pretend) that she had not seen him. It w asn’t worth
_____________(do).
17.I can’t prevent him from _____________ (tell) lies.
18.It is bad to go _________________(swim) after ____________(have) dinner.
19.I can’t stand people ________________(shout) and _______________(push).
20.I advised my father _______________(give) up smoking.
21.I don’t think the windows need _________________(clean).
22.He succeeded in _____________(eat) a huge amount of food.
（1）表示结果：
动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。例如：
You’re too young to understand this.
He is not old enough to be admitted into college.
动词不定式作状语表示结果时有时也用as to引导。例如：
He was so weak as to be unable to work.
动词不定式与only连用时，常表示“反而、结果却、不料”等意义。例如：He rushed to the station only to find the train gone.
（2）表示比较：
动词不定式作状语表示比较时，常与连接词as if，as though连用。例如：
He opened his mouth as if to say something.
7. 和某些形容词连用：
和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure, able, ready, eager, anxious, glad, sorry, afraid, free, willing, pleased, surprised等。例如：
We are sure to win the basketball match.
Are you ready to go now?
If you have any question, please feel free to ask.
They were pleased to learn about our success.
9．和疑问词who, what, when, where, which, how构成不定式短语作宾语。例如：
I don’t know where to go.
We couldn’t decide when to leave.
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
1．动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。例如：He appears to be innocent.
I hope to see you next week.
He grew up to be rather intelligent.
2. 当动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生，要用动词不定式的完成式。例如：
I’m very glad to have been of help.
We’re sorry to have missed the film.
3．当动词不定式所表示的是正在进行的动作时，要用动词不定式的进行式。例如：
I don’t expect you to be sitting here all day.
我并不希望你整天坐在这儿。
He is said to be working at a new invention.
据说他正在搞一项新发明。
4．如果动词不定式表示的不是正在进行的动作，而是在谓语所表示的动作发生之前一直进行的动作，则须要用动词不定式的完成进行式。例如：
We’re glad to have been working with you.
She is said to have been writing a novel.
5.动词不定式的被动式:
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的对象（或动作的承受者）时，动词不定式一般要用被动式。
被动语态的一般式通常表示将来的动作。例如：
The watch needs to be repaired.
完成式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作。例如：
The watch seems to have been repaired.
6、在下列情况下动词不定式的主动式表示被动意义：
(1) 当动词不定式所修饰的名词含有泛指意义时。例如：
Have you any letters to post today?
Have you any clothes to wash?
反之，该名词含有特指意义时，就必须用被动式。例如：
These are the letters to be posted.
These are the clothes to be washed today.
四、动词不定式中的to在下列情况中可省略
1. 在表示感觉的动词用作主动语态时后面所跟的宾语补足语中。这类动词有see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等。例如：
I saw her take the book.
I didn’t notice him enter the room.
2.在make, have, let等动词用作主动语态时后面所跟的宾语补足语中。例如：
What make you think so?
Her mother will not let her go to the dance.
I would not have you do that.
[注意] （1）如将上面两类句子改为被动语态，动词不定式的to 则不能省略。例如：He was made to work twelve hours a day.
She was seen to take the book.
He was noticed to enter the room.
(2 ) 上面两类句子中，动词let用于被动语态的情况是很少的，动词have则不用于被动语态。
3．在had better, had best, would rather, would rather …than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but等词组后面。例如：
You had better go at once.
On hearing this, we could not but laugh.
4．动词help后面的to可有可无。例如：
I helped her (to) find her things.
五、“for + 名词（或代词）+ 动词不定式”的结构
在使用动词不定式时，我们常会碰到“for + 名词（或代词）+ 动词不定式”的结构。在这种结构中，名词或代词形式上是的宾语，实际上是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语。这种结果结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。例如：
They’ve arranged for the car to come at 8 o’clock.（宾语）
The letter is for you to post. （表语）
There will be plenty of things for you to eat there. （定语）
We were waiting for the bus to come. （状语）
It is necessary for some of you to get there earlier. （主语）
1、不定式
（1）做主语_____(finish) the wonk within three days is impossible.
（2）宾、宾补
模拟题：We agreed____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. (A级)
A. having met
B. to meet
C. meeting
D. to have met
①有些V只以不定式做宾语，主要为
afford , agree , arrange , ask , attempt , beg , cane , choose , claim , dare , decide , determine , expect , fail , hope , intend , learn , manage , mean , need , offer , plan , prepare , promise , refuse , seek , tend , want , wish , et.
②不带to的不定式 Let , make , have , see , hear, Look ,at , feel , observe , watch , notice等词后，作宾补的不定式不带to被动语态中带to
e.g. His son was made_____(read) the text loudly.
③一些词组后，不定式不带to
had better , would rather , would sooner……(than) , do nothing but , can not but , may (might) as well , etc.
3、作定语
e.g. The summer camp provided us a very good opportunity______(practice) our spoken English.
4、作状语 He was surprised_____(hear) the news.
5、不定式的时态、语态
e.g. 1、They seem to 1_____(argue) about the matter.
2、H e’s said to _____(finish) his paper.
3、The bicycle______(repair) is mine.
4、The text in this book is difficult to______(understand)
5、
Ⅶ.动名词（主、宾、表、介宾）
1、作主语
1、There is no doubt that (enter)______the WTO is a historic milestone for china’s globalization.（模拟题B级）
2、作宾语
①只以动名词作宾语：admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy等
fancy,fish,fonbid,imapine,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,reguine,nisk ,stop,suggest,etc.
②动词短语要求动名词作宾语：Can’t help, feel like, give up, keep on, object
to, put off, etc.
③动各词的逻辑主语：
e.g. He was annoyed at my_______(interrupt) him.
④动名词的完成和被动式
完成：having+过去分词 / 被动：being+过去分词
⑤动名词与不定式作宾语的区别
相关考题：1、Mr. Black is looking forward to_____ his Chinese partner soon.
(02.12 B)
2.I’m sorry, I missed (see)_____you while in Beijing.(02.6 A)
3、Dr Staud would not object to (explain)______the problem again.(A模拟)
4、We appreciate (wonk)_____with him , because he has a good sense of
humor.(02.12 A)
5、I don’t mind (have)_____a dog in the house so long as it’s clean and it
doesn’t smell terrible.(02.6 B)
Ⅲ.分词（现在分词 / 过去分词）
1、作定语
e.g. Most of the computers are small machines_____(sit) on the desks.
2、作宾补
常以分词作宾补的动词：catch , have , keep , get , see , hear , find , feel ,leave ,
make , want , start , notice , obscure , watch , set , etc.
e.g. The policeman caught the young man _____(steal) from the shop.
3、作状语
e.g. _______(look) up to that red flag with stars , I felt that all the blood
rushed to my head.
4、独立结构： Weath er____(permit) , we’ll go sightseeing tomorrow.
5、完成形式，被动形式
e.g. 1. _____(be) there many times, she’s quite familiar with the city.
2.The person ______(interview) is my classmate.
3. _________(rebuild) , the palace looks more splendid.
相关考题：1. (sit)______at the dinner table with strangers made her restless and
uneasy. (02.6 A)
2.There was a stranger (stand) _______at the door.(02.6 B)
3.If (take) ______in time, the medicine will be effective. (B)
4.Never ______faith in himself, James Walt went on with his experiment.
(02.6 A)
A. lose
B. losing
C. to lose
D. lost
5._______from life pressure , many p0eople have to go all out to work until they
are tired out. (00.6 A)
A. suffering
B. To suffer
C. Being suffered
D. Having suffered
6、If ______in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.
(02.12 A)
A. keeping
B. be kept
C. kept
D. to keep
注意：
1 非谓语动词的不同形式及含义：to do / doing / done
to do(be doing / have done)
doing(having done / having been done)
done
2 非谓语动词做不同的句子成分：主宾表状定，特别是做状定时更应引起注意
to do
doing
done
3 不定式复合结构
4 分词作宾补（不定式符号的省略）
5 非谓语动词的否定
6 非谓语动词与主句动词的时间对比
7 只可以接to do或doing的不同动词：( )to do : offer, afford, learn, plan ,
demand, ask, promise, agree, help, prepare, decide, choose, refuse, manage, hope,
long, fail, pretend, it is ad. For sb. to do / ( )doing: mind, miss, mention, be
worth, be busy in, consider, can’t help, cant’stand, avoid, admit, finish, fancy, forgive, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, include, suggest, practise, dislike, no use
定语从句(The Attributive Clause)
定语从句在主从复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, where, why 等。掌握定语从句应注意关系词在从句中的功能、与先行词的关系等，考查重点为选择关系词。
一、关系词的选用
1．who指人，是主格，在从句中作主语。例如：
The man who told you the news is a friend of mine.
Mr Blake, who taught me chemistry at high school, has now retired. 2．whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语。例如：
This is the professor (whom) I met yesterday..
He is the man from whom I learned the news.
Dr Wang, whom you saw this morning, is famous physician.
3．whose是所有格，在从句中作定语，whose一般表示人的所有格，但有时也用来表示国家、城市、河流等的所有格。例如：
Mrs Jones, whose sister you saw yesterday, is my neighbour.
China, whose population is the largest in the world, lies in East Asia.
表示事物的所有格一般用of which, 但现在也有用whose的趋势。例如：
The bookcase on the top of which stands a vase is in next room.
I want that dictionary whose cover has come off.
4．which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
The river which runs through the city is quite wide.
This the new bike (which) I bought last week.
5．that指物，有时也指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
All is not gold that glitters.
Who is the man that talked with you just now?
The painting (that) they are talking about was drawn by a young artist. [注意] 在下列情况下，通常用that指人或指物，而不用who或which。
（1）当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰时。例如：
This is the best film that I have seen.
He is the tallest man that I know.
（2）当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing等时。例如：
He told us everything that he knew.
Is that all that you want to say?
(3) 当先行词被序数词或only, any, no, very等形容词所修饰时。例如：
That’s the only way that leads to the college.
You may take any book that you like.
Please give the note to the first man that comes here.
常用关系代词除了以上几种外，还有一个as。as 引导定语从句时，先行词前一定要有same 或such。例如：
Such people as knew Tom thought he was honest.
This is the same pen as I have.
as引导一个非限制性定语从句时，往往无明显的先行词。例如：
London, as you all know, is the capital of Britain.
关系副词的用法
关系副词在从句中作状语。
1．when引导的定语从句修饰year, day, hour, moment, time等表示时间的名词。例如：October 1,1949 is the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
Do you know the time when the train leaves?
2．where引导的定语从句修饰place, factory, area, town, house等表示地点的名词。
例如：
This is the place where the great scientist was born.
We reached the to of the mountain, where we rested for a long time.
3．why引导的定语从句修饰reason等表示原因的名词
I can’t see the reason why she looks unhappy today.
二、关系词的省略
1．关系代词在从句中作宾语时。例如：
Have you received the letter I sent you last week?
I like the film we saw yesterday.
2．关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。例如：
Here is the key you’ve been looking for.
This is the artist I spoke to you about.
3．关系代词在从句中作表语时。例如：
He is not the kind of man you thought him to be.
It is no longer the place it used to be twenty years ago.
[注意] 关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中关系代词不能省略。例如：
I don’t like the book you lent me yesterday.(限制性定语从句)
I bought an interesting book, which you can find on the shelf.( 非限制性定语从句)
三、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
同位语从句由连接词that引导，that 在从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分；而定语从句中的that则是关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。试比较：
The news that she is going to get married next month is surprising. ( 同位语从句)
The news (that )he told us is surprising. (定语从句)
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种。
1．限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，一旦去掉从句，主句意思就不完整。甚至在逻辑上不能成立。这种从句和主句之间一般不用逗号分开。例如：
There are many films (that) I’d like to see.
She has a son who is a doctor.
2. 非限制性定语从句:
非限制性定语从句先行词关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，它有一定的独立性。去掉从句后，主句意思仍然完整。非限制性定语从句与主句几乎是并列关系，二者常用逗号分开。
关系代词that不用于非限制性定语从句，其他关系代词和关系副词则与在限制性定语从句中的用法相同。
非限制性定语从句可以修饰主句中的先行词。例如：
She has a son, who is a teacher.
Mary is going to spend the holiday in Rome, where she has some friends.
非限制性定语从句也可修饰整个句子，这时引导从句的关系代词代表的是整个句子。例如：
Jack passed all his examinations, which pleased his parents.
He refused to spoke to me, which made me angry.
Exercises:
1.In the dark forest, there wasn’t a single person _______ he could turn for help.
a. that
b. who
c. from whom
d. to whom
2.The condition turned out to be very good, ______ made all of us excited.
a. what
b. which
c. that
d. it
3.It was in the city _______ they once lived _______ the accident happened.
a. where, where
b. that, that
c. what, where
d. where, that
4.The foreign students, ________ were girls, liked Chinese music very much.
a. most of them
b. most of whom
c. most of that
d. most of those
5.Tom will never forget the days _______ he spent with Lenin.
a. when
b. on which
c. on that
d. that
6.We have not had _______ for half a month.
a. such a delicious meal as this
b. such delicious a meal as this
c. such a delicious meal like this
d. such delicious a meal like this
7.Is this school ______ your classmates visited last week?
a. that
b. which
c. where
d. the one
8.China has many cities, ______ Shanghai is the biggest.
a. in where
b. in that
c. of that
d. of which
9.Jack is ______ who often fails English examinations.
a. one of the boys
b. the only one of the boy
c. not one of the boys
d. the only one of the boys
10.In order to find out some clues, The police searched the spot ______ the young
lady was killed.
a. when
b. where
c. which
d. that
11.The building over there is a library, ______ is a department store.
a. where,
b. west of which
c. to the west of it
d. in the west of that
12.The writer and her books _______ you told us about are loved by most students.
a. who
b. that
c. which
d. /
(四)形容词和副词
相关考题1、I don’t think these books are____ for children.(02.6 B) (词义及搭配) A. suitable B. reasonable C. capable D. probable
(特殊搭配) 2、Y ou can’t be____ careful when you drive a car. (B)
A. so
B. very
C. enough
D. too
(比较级) 3、The book is____ more difficult than the one I recommended to you.
A. rather
B. much
C. very
D. so (02.6—B)
(副词作用) 4、The director (definite) _______told us that a dinner
would be given in honor of the guests. (02.6—A)
（词形变换）5、Many students in our class are planning to take a
(commerce)________course next term. (02.6—A)
（词形变换）6、A meal containing fish and vegetables is considered
a_____(health) one. (02.12—A)
（比较级） 7、As Edison grew______, he never lost his interest in science.
(02.6—B)
A. elder
B. older
C. the elder
D. the oldest
(副词作用) 8、I’m (real)_____sorry for the mistake our office worker
made in the business last month. (02.6—B)
（词形度换） 9、The place was so (attract)_____that the tourists spent
much more time there in any other place. (02.12B)
（比较级）10、The photos of mans taken by satellites are (clear)_____then
those taken from Earth.. (02.12—B)
名词的性数格
代词要点
复合宾语与双宾语
简单句复合句
名词性从句
一．名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，这些从句的共同特征就是在复合句中充当名词性功能的主语、宾语、同位语、表语，学习这一部分内容主
要应考虑引导词、句序、时态一致等。
主语从句
形式：what / when / why / how / where 等引导，一般在主语位置出现；that 引导时往往能用it 做形式主语，不使用形式主语时，that 从句不能省略引导词。注意whatever,
wherever, whenever等引起时的从句意义。
宾语从句
被动语态(The Passive V oice)
一、概述
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
二、被动语态的形式
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表。
语态动词形式表
[注]
（1）被动语态与不同时态结合的变化形式一概表现在助动词be上。（2）被动语态不用于将来进行时态和各种完成进行时态。
（3）含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词（can, may, must）+ be + 过去分词构成”。例如：
This machine must be operated with care.
（4）含有“be going to”，“be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用be going + to be + 过去分词和be + to be + 过去分词。
例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.
The meeting is to be held on the 10th of October.
三、被动语态的用法
1．强调动作的承受者。例如：
The letter was written by my sister.
The classroom will be cleaned by ten boys tomorrow afternoon. 2．动作的执行者不明确，不必和或不需要说明动作的执行者。例如：All the chairs in this room have been taken away.
The film will be shown next week.
The concert is postponed till tomorrow evening.
3．出于句子安排的需要。例如：
The guests arrived and were met by a group of young men at the station.
The report will be done by Joe, who is a young artist.
四、几种特殊的被动结构
1．带情态动词的被动结构由情态动词加助动词be再加动词的过去分词构成。例如：
The sentence can be translated in many ways.
It ought to be done this way.
That needn’t be mentioned at the meeting.
2．有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子的被动语态：有些及物动词有直接宾语和间接宾语。在构成被动语态时，可根据情况将其中一个宾语改成主语，另一个仍作宾语。例如：
（1）T hey gave him a warm welcome.→
He was given a warm welcome.
Or: A warm welcome was given to him.
（2）S he told the children an interesting story.→
The children were told an interesting story.
Or: An interesting story was told to the children.
这类动词有：answer, ask, tell, show, give, pay, buy, teach等。
带两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态时，一般以表示人的名词或代词（即间接宾语）作主语，而将直接宾语保留不变，这样比较自然。如上面例句中的前一句就比后一句常见。
3．带复合宾语的句子的被动语态：
带复合宾语的句子由主动语态变成被动语态时，只要将原句的宾语变成主语，其余部分不动（原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语）。例如：
（1）W e elected him monitor.→
He was elected monitor.
（2）W e found the story interesting.→
The story was found interesting.
（3）T hey told me to go there at once.→
I was told to go there at once.
（4）T hey made her sit in a big sofa.→
She was made to sit in a big sofa.
[注意]动词make以及表示感觉的动词see, hear, notice等在改成被动语态时，后面作主语补足语的动词不定式一定要有to。再如：He was seen to drink alone in a restaurant.
4．动词短语的被动语态：
某些动词短语在意义上相当于及物动词，因而也有被动语态。但是，动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在改成被动语态切不可丢掉其中的介词、副词或名词。
（1）“动词+ 介词”结构：
This has never been thought of before.
No conclusion have been arrived at yet.
(2) “动词+ 副词”结构：
The expenses have to be further cut down.
More spare-time schools are to be set up.
（3）“动词+ 副词+ 介词”结构：
This practice should be done away with.
Women were looked down upon in old China.
（4）“动词+ 名词+ 介词”结构：
Their children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.
Special attention must be paid to your pronunciation.
五、被动语态和“be + 表语”的结构
“be + 过去分词”有时用于表示被动语态，有时则被看成是“be + 表语”的结构。在这种结构中，过去分词完全起形容词的作用。例如：The room is beautifully decorated.
The window was broken.
The shop is now closed.
这两重结构的主要区别是：被动语态表示一个动作，而带表语的结构表示主语的特点和所处的状态。试比较下列例句：
“连系动词+ 表语”结构被动语态
The window is broken. It was broken by Tom.
The shop is now closed. It was closed at 7.
This picture is well drawn. It was drawn by my sister. My pen is lost. It was lost yesterday.
可以用作表语的过去分词常见有：closed, crowded, broken, lost, known, done, gone, won, complete, delighted, finished, surprised, understood, disappointed, interested, pleased等.
时态语态(主要考查时态与语态的复合以及特殊时间状语对
应的时态等so far / since / by the end of / Hardly …when / just now / just / in the last …/ it’s high time …, 特别考查have been doing, will have done, had been done 等复合时态)，此外还应注意时态呼应，时态与时间状语的照应等，时态与语态的结合, 特殊的系动词get / come become / turn形成被动等。
另外注意vi没有被动语态形式，词组构成被动语态时介词或副词不能省略。（put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, made use of）注意这些句型：it is said that / it is known that / it is reported that / it is announced that
注意主动形式被动含义（smell, sound, taste, feel, look等感官动词；weigh, wash, keep, sell, wear, drink, prove等）
This cloth washes well. (…耐洗) / sell well(畅销)
1Before I left Miss Mary at Grandford everything (arrange) ____had been arranged __ for her.
2The students （have been cleaning / have cleaned）their dormitories.
3He will have done all the work by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
4From the sounds it was clear that Mary (practise)______ the piano. 5I invited Ann to dinner last night, but she (already make)________ plans to do something else.
6I (leave)________ until the film finished.
7If he ____________ to New York tomorrow, he will see his brother.
A) will go B) went
C) goes D) is going
8He didn't want to come to the movies because he (see)_______ the film twice.
9Because he looks like his brother very much, he (often take)______ for his brother.
So far I (not see) _________ such an exciting films
（一）虚拟语气
I．用于If引导的条件句中。
（1）与现在事实相反的假设：
If从句：谓语动词~过去式；系动词+Were。
主句：Should(Would, could, might)+V原形式
Eg.1 If he___(be) here, he______(be) greatly surprised.
模拟题（A级）If I knew more Japanese, I ____for the position.
A.Would have applied
B. Would apply c. Will apply
D. am going to apply
(2) 与过去事实相反的假设。
结构：If从句 had+V过去分词
主句 Should (would, could ,might)+have+V过去分词。
e.g. If I_____(be) move careful , I wouldn’t have made so many mistakes.Δ相关考题：1、If I had a car of my own ,I ___it to your sister yesterday
(02.6A)
A.would have lent
B. would lend
C. must have lent
D. should lend
2、Jack would never have done that if he (have)_______a good education.
3、The cake (get)______burnt if it had been left in the oven even two minutes longer.(B级模拟)
（3）……将来……
结构：If从句 should(were to)+V原形
主句 should(would , could , might)+V原形
e.g. If you____(miss) the chance , you_____(feel)sorry for it.
(4)省略If的形式
省略If后，从句倒装。（将were , had , should置于主语前）
Δ相关考题1、_____(have) the free tickets ,I would not have gone to the films so often (A级模拟)
（5）错综时间条件句（混和性虚拟）
e.g. If I____(be)you, I would have interest in the lecture.
( 6 )省略条件句的形式。
相关考题：1、You ____your wonk ahead of time without their help.(00.6A) A.haven’t completed B. wouldn’t have completed C. weren’t completing D. shouldn’t have completed
( 7 )假虚拟
相关考题：1、I could have contacted the buyer , but I____ enough time in the city.(02.6A)
A.did not have
B. would not have
C. had not had
D.have not had
2、Tom missed the train , He had meant to get up early , but____(wake)
up very late.(2002.6A)
Ⅱ. 用于wish后的宾语从句。
1、表现在的愿望——谓语V用一般过去式，系V用were . I wish I____(know)
his address.
中考英语语法专项练习题及答案中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语 主谓一致 英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us. 18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择 ( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming. A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked ( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA.
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
初中英语语法专项习题：倒装句和感叹句 Ⅰ、倒装句。 1. —I'm going to visit the Lugou Bridge tomorrow. —______. A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 2. Yao Ming works hard on his English and ______. A. so Liu Xiang does B. so is Liu Xiang C. so does Liu Xiang D. so Liu Xiang is 3. If you don’t go swimming tomorrow, _______. A. so I don’t go B. nor will I C. so do I D. neither do I 4. Lily hasn't finished her work yet. A. So has he. B. Neither has he. C. He has too. D. He hasn't too. 5. —She is very beautiful in her class. —______. A. So is she B. So she is C. Neither does she D. Nor is she 6. On the east of the river ______ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 7. On every piece of the paper _____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. Only when you remember all the new words ______ study English well. A. can you B. you can C. did you D. you could 9. ______ that there were so many girls in this school before. A. Little I knew B. Little did I know C. Little I did I know D. Little had I known 10. Not until yesterday______ the truth about the accident. A. I knew B. I did know C. I had known D. did I know 11. Hardly ______ my homework when Jim came to visit him. A. have I finished B. had I finished C. I had finished D. I have finished Ⅱ、用What , What a , What an , How填空。 1. _____________ hot the weather is! 2. _____________ hard her father works! 3. _____________ long way it is from Guangdong to Paris! 4. _____________ fine day it was yesterday! 5. _____________ beautiful your voice is! 6. _____________ interesting picture-books! 7. _____________ lovely baby! 8. _____________ strong wind! 9. _____________ sad new he told us! 10. _____________ happy she was last weekend! 11. _____________ good weather! Why not go out for a walk？ 12. _____________ nice the garden is! 13. _____________ difficult work he did! 14. _____________ broken the house looks! 15. _____________ happy life we have! 16. _____________ well my deskmate swims! 17. _____________ delicious mooncakes!
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
2011年中考英语代词练习题 一。单项填空 1. Tom， Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. ---You want ________ sandwich？ ---Yes， I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. ---Which do you prefer， a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk？ ---______________， thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 6. ---Oh！ I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________.
【学英语必看】《英语语法手册》（全） 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。 5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。 6)副词(adverb，缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。 7)冠词(article，缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。 8)介词(preposition，缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。 9)连词(conjunction，缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。 10)感叹词(interjection，缩写为int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。 [注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义，叫做实词(notional word)。属于后四类（冠、介、连、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
《英语语法手册》（全） 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。 5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。 6)副词(adverb，缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，
一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem ) 3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain ) 6. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring ) 7.I can’t find my pen . Who______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 13.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be ) 15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 16. “ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be） 18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 二、选择最佳答案填空（ ）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be （）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be （）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came https://www.doczj.com/doc/672490269.html,es C.have come D.will come （）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned （）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried （）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing （）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day. https://www.doczj.com/doc/672490269.html,es B. came C. will come D. would come （）8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home. A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come （）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be （）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
动词 ( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book? --For a week. But you must n’t ______ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow ( ) 2. It won’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay ( ) 3. Mr. Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t ( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? --Yes, it ______ really beautiful A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears ( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 6. Mrs. Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after ( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on ( ) 8. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t ( ) 9. –It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? -- _______. Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea ( ) 10. I want to _______ this book for a month. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get ( ) 11. –How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year? --Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone ( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _______ only thirty dollars for it A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid ( ) 13. Cotton _______ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels ( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _______ me? A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with ( ) 15. –Guess who is coming to supper. – I don’t know. _______ me. A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Tell ( ) 16. Please _______ your phones here with you tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift ( ) 17. Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you. A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid ( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it. A. find out B. find C. look D. look for ( ) 19. He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English. A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked ( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up ( ) 21. If you don’t know a word, you must _______ the word in a dictionary. A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out ( ) 22. It’s time for class. We’d better _______. A. stop to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking ( ) 23. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find ( ) 24. The woman _______ the child quickly and took him to hospital. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing ( ) 25. –Oh, you painted the walls yourself? --Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn’t _______ much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay ( ) 26. --_______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. –OK, Mum. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away ( ) 27. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to _______ her. A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit ( ) 28. _______! It’s the music of Mozart. Be quiet. A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen ( ) 29. –The room is so dirty. _______ we clean it? -- Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall ( ) 30. We must do something to stop people from _______. A. to throw litter about B. to throw litter into C. throwing litter about D. throwing litter into 时态和语态