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第一册词汇总结

第一册词汇总结
第一册词汇总结

大学英语第1册词汇小结

UNIT 1

1 off and on: It has been raining off and on for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.

2take hold: Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.

3 bore: The speaker went on and on, and the au-dience grew bored by his speech.

4 associate with: We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.

5assign: assign duties / I was assigned to the project. / The company commander assigned me to stand guard. assignment (分配的工作/任务)

6 (1)turn out: 制造,生产,培养出The school has turned out some first-rate scholars. 最后是,原来是,最后证明是(结果表明)The boy will turn out to be a marvelous man. / The weather turned out to be fine. / It turned out that he was never there.

(2)turn down: turn down sb.’s offer of help

(3)turn to: 求助于,求教于,查阅One can always turn to music for comfort. / He turned to his notes for the exact figures.

(4)turn over: 仔细考虑He turned over the prob-lem for hours. (资金)周转,营业额达到The faster your money is turned over, the more profit you make. (5)turn in: You must turn in your uniform before you leave.

(6)turn up: turn up unexpectedly / He turned up an hour late.

7 anticipate: We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.

8tedious: The arguments were tedious and com-plicated. / relieve the tedium of a long journey

9 reputation: He earned the reputation of being a formidable opponent. / The English have bad repu-tation for food.

10 inspire: The last leaf on tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. inspiration (灵感/激励人心的事或人): Many poets and artists draw their inspiration from nature. / She has been a constant inspiration to me.

11rigid: 僵硬,严苛,固执不通融a body rigid from the cold / I wish he were a little less rigid about things. / rigid price controls

12 excessive: excessive rainfall (indulgence)

13severe: 朴素/严厉/剧烈/严重的a severe lite-rary style / a severe black dress / He is very severe with his children / severe penalty / severe winter / Severe weather conditions hindered the rescuers. / severe pain / a severe shortage of food

14 antique: antique dealer / a genuine (fake) anti-que / a statue imitating the antique

15tackle: 铲抢;处理,应付The tackle seemed fair but a free kick was awarded. / tackle a difficulty / The computer can be programmed to tackle a whole variety of tasks.

16 distribute: distribute expenses /distribute mag-azines to subscribers / distribution (分配,商品的销售,分布范围) an equal distribution of wealth / the dis-tribution of a species of plant

17 face up to: Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and re-signed on New Year’s Eve.

18scan: 浏览,扫描scan the headlines of today’s newspaper /scan the brain for tumors / The next scan of the radar confirmed the ship’s location.

19sequence: A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. / in historical (alphabetical) sequence

20 image: The child is the image of his father. / A criminal charge is no good for a politician’s image.

21 recall: I recall seeing a poster on his wall. / The car was recalled for possible safety defects.

22 put down: The housekeeper put down the daily expense in a little notebook.

23 violate: violate traffic regulations / The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics. 24 compose: be composed of / Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. / a book composed of 20 chapters /创作,谱曲Mozart began to compose when he was six years old. / compose a symphony

25command: 命令,掌控,掌握be in command of the situation / He has a good command of French 26contempt: They used to have contempt for peasants. / contempt of court (蔑视法庭)

27hold back: He is accustomed to holding back his emotions.

28 avoid: You should avoid being late for class. 29demonstration: His speech was a demonstra-tion of his patriotism. / teach something by demon-stration (示范)

30 seal: The treaty was signed and sealed by both governments. /确认,确定,定局They sealed the bar-gain with a handshake.

31essence: Being thoughtful of others is the es-sence of politeness. / the essence (本质) of a problem 32due: My half year’s interest is due now. / These are library books, due August 29.

UNIT 2

1 be lost in / lose oneself in: (be absorbed in) He gets lost in his writing; the characters become him or vice versa (反之亦然)

2 available: (able to be used, had, or reached) 可获得,可利用的We took the first available plane. / 可取得联系的If I’m not available when you phone, ask for my secretary. / The manager is not available now. (车票戏票等)有效的,通用的The ticket is availa-ble on the day of issue only.

3 go ahead: (continue) The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.

4 estimate: Nearly 1m are estimated to be jobless / My estimate of the length of room was 1

5 feet.

5 might as well: The office is really busy —we’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.

6not much of a: The boy’s performance is not much of a professional but he is great from an ama-teur’s point of view.

7 correspondence: a long correspondence between the two friends / correspondence course 函授课程

8all the way: 完全,一直,自始至终The door opened all the way. / I ran all the way to the office

9 come up: I’ll let you know if anything comes up

10 keep in touch 保持联络

11a couple of: I’ll be away for a couple of days. 12urge: 力劝,催促,敦促He urged me to accept the compromise

13absolute: 绝对的,完全的I have absolute trust

in him. / I think he was lucky to get the job. Abso-lutely. 相对的: relative

14hang out: While I was unemployed, I often hang out in coffee bars.

UNIT 3

1 likely: Economists say that the quick economic growth is likely to continue throughout the decade. 2privilege: 特权One of the obstacles to social harmony is privilege. / exercise privilege

3minority: 少数,少数派,少数民族We are in a pi-tiful minority. / a political minority / Women were very much in the minority at the meeting.

4 do without: People cannot do without food.

5anyway: (change the subject of a conversation or support an idea or argument) We ought to spend less on the defense missiles, which I think are pretty useless anyway.

6cut off: 切断W ater and electricity supplies in the city have been cut off because of the air attacks. 7bring about: 导致,引起Jealousy in a relation-ship is often brought about by a lack of trust.

8inquire (enquire): 询问,打听I inquired of all that were present. 调查The police inquired into her background. / It isn’t manners to make too many inquiries into other people’s affairs.

9 suppress: suppress a riot /suppress human rights 10initiative: (initial) 最初的: initial difficulties / at the initial stage of learning 主动,首创精神,进取心: He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her. / seize the initiative /lack initiative / If you show that you have initiative, you will sooner or later be promoted.

11 rate: 比,比率crime rate / an 11% rate of infla-tion 速度,速率prices increasing at a dreadful rate / driving at a rate of 60 miles per hour

12 ensure: His industry and ability will ensure his success. / ensure good crops

13 democratic: democracy / democrat

14 in two minds: The committee itself appeared to be in two minds over this.

15 steady: slow but steady progress / a steady rise in prices / be steady in one’s principles

16 evident: He spoke with evident sarcasm

17 series: 连续,一系列a series of wet days spoiled our vacation. / TV series 串联a series circuit

18harness: 驾驭,利用(控制)以产生动力harness a horse to a carriage / harness a river (nuclear energy)

19 acid: an acid solution / These plums taste sour

20 nuclear: nuclear carrier / nuclear power station / nuclear radiation / nucleus nuclei

21lie in: 在于His skill lies in his ability to communicate quite complicated ideas.

22rote: rote learning / speak one’s line by rote

23relevant: 相关的the relevant authorities (有关当局) I don’t think hi s remarks are relevant to our discussion. / relevance

24in terms of: …方面(角度)来说Give the answer in terms of percentage. / In terms of art treasures, Italy is one of the richest countries in the world.

25 equation: equate wealth with happiness

26 brief: 简短的make a brief statement / news in brief / news briefing

27 accurate: 准确的,精确的an accurate estimate / The guidance system is accurate to within a matter of yards. / You must be more accurate in your work. / accuracy: the accuracy of missiles

28 tend: tend a machine / Your own contempora-ries tend to self-centeredness. / tendency

29 in the form of: They received a benefit in the form of tax reduction.

30precise: precise calculation. / The assembling of the parts of a watch must be precise. / the precise meaning of a word

31 grasp: He has a good grasp of arithmetic

32sufficient: be sufficient to feed 100men / A word to the wise is sufficient / sufficient condition 33convey: A wire conveys an electric current. / words fail to convey my meaning

34framework: 框架the framework of a house / the framework of a novel / frame of reference参照系35put across: (cause to be understood) He’s very good at putting his ideas across./ put himself across 36proportion: 比例,部分the proportion of im-ports to exports / There is a high proportion of sugar in this cereal. / The size of the furniture should be in proportion to the size of the room.

37responsibility: assume/take/accept responsibil-ity / shirk one’s responsibility / Mechanical defects are responsible for the accident. / He was held re-sponsible for the fire that destroyed the house.

38 alien: adjust to an alien culture / alienate

UNIT 4

1turn away: 回绝,打发走His request for a pay rise was turned away. 拒绝帮助How can you turn away from a child that is being cruelly treated?

2assume: assume a principle in reasoning / Far-mers will have a bumper harvest, assuming that the weather is favorable. 承担,就职assume office / as-sume an obligation / 呈现,具有

3 compliment: 赞美She accepted his compliment about her dress with a smile. / compliments (问候) with the compliments of the season 节日的祝贺

4 work out: 制订出work out a method (program) 解决work out the differences (difficulties) 算出work out one’s tax. / The sum won’t work out.

5determination: 坚定,果断,决心a determination to fight international terrorism

6personnel: 人员,全体员工All personnel were asked to participate. 人事read somebody’s person-nel file / personnel director

7capacity: 容量,容积The stadium has a seating capacity of 18,000. / breathing capacity 最高生产量,最大生产力They are working to capacity at the mo-ment to meet the demand / a factory operating below capacity 能力an executive of great capacity

8 precision: precision landing / instrument

9instrument: 器械,器具surgical instruments / in-struments of torture 仪表,仪器separate instruments for oil pressure, water temperature, fuel gauge, and ammeter 乐器wind (stringed) instrument

10wreck: (船舶等)失事,遇难save a ship from wreck /a train wreck/ wreckage: The shore was cov-ered with the wreckage of a ship / comb the wreck-age site

11character:特色/特性The furniture in his apart-ment was pretentious and without character. 品德,品质,性格He is a man of character. / the German cha-racter 人物,角色Ah Q is the principal character in

one of Luxun’s novels. / a Chinese character

12 reluctant: 不情愿的,勉强的a reluctant promise / He gave me reluctant assistance.

13 mortgage: A 90% mortgage is one in which the buyer of a house is lent 90% of its cost / buy a house on a mortgage 抵押借款The plants, their equipment, and inventories were mortgaged heavily.

14discard: discard an outdated theory / the dis-card of superstition

15hardware: Locks, hinges, nails, knives, and tools are hardware.

16 spot: 发现,认出,看出This is the spot where the accident happened. / W e spotted her easily in the crowd / He was the first to spot the danger

17 abandon: abandon ship 弃船He abandoned the estates when he inherited them. / The vehicle was found abandoned near the village

18 property: 财产,资产a man of property 地产,房地产He has a small property in Songjiang特性,属性the chemical properties of alcohol

19shed: a cattle shed 流,流(血)shed one’s blood for one’s country 蜕皮,脱毛,落(叶)trees shedding their leaves in autumn / Our dog is shedding badly. 20sponsor: 主办,发起;保人,保证人,资助the sponsor of the annual Christmas parade / Who will sponsor your admission into the club? / The firm is sponsoring an engineering student at the university.

21 approach: His work is approaching perfection. / Few actors approach him in ability. (处理问题的)方式,方法two basic approaches to a problem

22 handle: 柄,把手,把柄a door handle / His back- ground served as a handle for their mockery. 触摸,搬动Do not handle goods on display. / handle with care 处理,应付Can you handle the situation?

23 stature: She was rather small in stature. / 高度,境界a new achievement of international stature

24 route: cut of all the escape routes / the route to social mobility 途径

25 principle: 原理,原则the principle of noninter-ference / a matter of principle / the principle of the lever / moral principles 道德准则The principle of gasoline is internal combustion

26optimistic: the optimistic mood / We look to the future with optimism

27 integrity: 正直,诚实a man of integrity 完整,完全mutual respect for territorial integrity

28balance: 结存,差额,收支平衡Most industries have inventories in balance with sales. / I have a balance of $500 in the bank.

29create: God created Eve from one of Adam’s ribs. / Famine creates high food prices. 导致

UNIT 5

1obituary: 讣告I read Sewell’s obituary in The Times. / 本义: departure, going down

2acquaintance: (动词acquaint, 本义to know) I had some previous acquaintance with the subject. / They are old acquaintances / a nodding acquaintance 3instant: The play was an instant success. / The modern technology of communications offers us in-stant knowledge. / He may arrive any instant.

4 workaholic: a year-round workaholic

5 off: take 3 days off / Yesterday was my day off.

6 conceivably: the worst conceivable result/ every conceivable means

7 extracurricular: extra + curriculum (course) the curriculum in Grade Three / curriculum vitae

8survive: 比…活得长She survived her husband by three years幸存,活下来The crops survived the drought / survival of the fittest

9 manufacture: (本义made by hand) industrialized nations that can manufacture their own machines / manufacture paper from rags

10embarrass: 使窘迫,尴尬;妨碍(本义to impede) Her husband’s drunken behavior embarrassed her. / an embarrassed silence

11 odd: (文中)临时的,不固定的hire a couple of odd hands for the farm / 300-odd pages / Do you know you’re wearing an odd pair of stockings?

12 stay up: Tell him to stay up until I get home. 13board: More than 100boys and girls board at the school.

14 decease: 本义to depart, de + to go

15straighten out: 整理,清理straighten out an ac-count / I don’t know how to straighten the mess out.

16 finances: 财务状况The report found nothing in his muddled finances to merit prosecuting anyone.

17 stock option: 优先认股权;股票期权

18pick out: He was picked out by eyewitnesses as the driver of the car.

19 lineup: gas lineups / the lineup at a ticket- of-fice window

20discreet: (言行)谨慎,慎重的a discreet protest / maintain a discreet silence / discretion

21 replacement: the cost of replacing the brakes / Combat attrition was taking a steep toll, and to send green replacements into the skies was fruitless.

22 ask around: Asking around, he discovered that land speculators were buying land from innocent crofters.

UNIT 6

1margin: 边缘at the margin of a lake 页边空白make notes in the margin of a book 余地,幅度a margin of error / increase by a substantial margin 盈利,赚头,押金

2reflect: 反射Mirrors reflect images 反映,表明Editorials reflect views. / their clothes reflect a ris-ing standard of living in their country. 深思,考虑Please reflect on your actions. / He reflected long over her argument.

3insight: She has a woman’s quick insight into character. / gain insight into sb.’s mind 洞悉

4 previous: on the previous night / in the previous chapter / I know nothing about the accident; it hap-pened previous to my arrival here.

5locate: 找到,确定位臵;坐落The baker located his bakery in the shopping center. / locate the source of a sound / The captain loc ated the ship’s position on the chart.

6correspond: 相符合,相配,通信Fulfillment sel-dom corresponds to anticipation. / correspond to the will of the majority / He regularly corresponds with his brother.

7fertile: fertile soil / fertile showers / a breed noted for its fertility

8 take a chance with weather

9disgust: 作呕,厌恶,憎恶feel disgust for bad odors /Your attitude disgusts me /express one’s di s-gust with sb.’s conduct

10sustain: 支撑,承受The foundations were not

strong enough to sustain the weight of the house / Our financial base is stable enough to sustain the extra expenses / An unshakeable faith sustained me 11 delicate: 精美,雅致的a delicate piece of carv-ing 微妙的,棘手的a delicate political issue / deli-cate negotiations 易碎的,娇贵的a delicate vase

12provoke: 挑衅,挑拨,煽动provoke feuds be-tween the two nations / military provocation / In doing so he has provoked general rage/ in a provoc-ative tone

13 curve: The railway line curving out of one val-ley and curving into another.

14keen: 锋利的a keen sword 强烈的,激烈的a keen ambition / keen jealousy 敏锐的keen powers of observation 热衷的He is keen about hiking

15uphold: 支撑,支持,维护Six pillars upheld the roof. / He had sworn to uphold the law.

16 sensible: 明智的,合情理的: a sensible choice 通情达理That is very sensible of you. 明显的,可注意到的a sensible error (increase in temperature)

17 hesitate: I hesitated about whether to accept the invitation /He agreed without the slightest hesitation 18grip: a feeble grip / keep a firm grip on one’s children

19 identify: 认出,识别,鉴定identify handwriting / He identified the coat as his brother’s. 认为…等同于Never identify opinions with facts. / identify with: 打成一片,支持They were reluctant to identify them-selves fully with any particular side. identity: 身份,一致,相同note the identities in the two cases. / iden-tical: 同一的It is the identical coat which was sto-len from me. (完全)相同的,一模一样的The copy was identical with the original. / identification: 认出,鉴定The identification of rabies virus has saved many lives.

20response: 回答,答复Please write your res-ponses in English. 反应,响应the cells’ resp onse to drugs / His idea received an enthusiastic response. / in response to: These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

UNIT 7

1extensive:广泛,全面extensive reading in litera-ture / an extensive report on the trial 大量的exten-sive expenditure

2intelligence: 智力,才智a man of average intel-ligence 情报gather intelligence about the enemy / IQ=intelligence quotient

3controversy: 争论,辩论kindle a controversy over human rights / a highly controversial subject / enjoy the dominion of the sea without controversy

4surround: 围绕,包围The trees surround the house. surroundings: 环境,周围的事物healthy sur-roundings / picturesque surroundings

5consciousness: 意识,觉悟His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry. / national(class) consciousness

6 obvious: 显然,明显It was an obvious lie.

7encounter: (意外)相遇,邂逅,遭遇encounter dif-ficulties (opposition) / The policemen had a chance encounter with a gang of smugglers.

8reveal: 揭示,揭露It is cricket that reveals the British at their most characteristic. / The doctor did not reveal to him his condition / The spokesman was visibly pulling back from too much revelation

9convince: She is convinced of his innocence. / Their denials did not convince.

10 dominant: 支配的,主要的a dominant figure at

a conference / Soccer is the dominant sport in the world / dominate: 支配,统治,施加决定性影响a white- dominated society /These two questions dominated the discussion

11 species: the origin of species

12suspicion: I have suspicion about the whole bunch of them. / He was arrested on the suspicion of fraud.

13 blank: 空白的a blank questionnaire for sb. to fill in. 空白write your name in the blank / a blank in one’s memory / blank check

14 negotiate: 谈判,协商vi. negotiate with sb. over sth. / negotiate before naming a price vt. 通过谈判达成,谈成negotiate a contract (treaty) /The settlement was achieved by peaceful negotiation.

15stake: 赌注,利害关系,(投机生意)股份a high- stakes gamble / He and his friends enjoy playing cards for low stakes. / Each of us has a stake in the outcome of the conference. / own a large stake in the oil industry / at stake危急关头,危险中Two lives are at stake. / His own personal future was at stake.

16maintain: 保持,维持maintain law and order / maintain world peace / maintain friendly relations with 维修,保养maintain machinery /This apartment is well maintained. 断言,主张The defendant main-tains his innocence. / maintenance and repair

17 relieve: 缓解,减轻Aspirin will usually relieve

a headache / He smoked frequently to relieve nerv-ous tension. 宽心,宽慰W e were relieved to hear that you had arrived safely. 救济,解救relieve the poor and needy / relieve the trapped coal miners.

18undertake: 着手做,从事undertake a major ef-fort 承担,接受undertake responsibility / Reluctantly, he undertook the mission.

19figure out: 计算出Please figure out the total cost. 理解,明白try to figure out a way to do it / I can’t figure out why he said that.

20 plastic surgery

21switch: 开关,电键turn off a switch 转变,转换a policy switch / switch the appointment to another day

22 stem: 树干,茎,梗The stem of the mushroom is broken / stem from: 起源于,由…造成The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid. / a feeling of hate that stems from envy. 堵塞,遏止: stem the spread of an epidemic

23consultant: 顾问a consultant on labor affairs to the mayor / consultation: 咨询,会诊The three doctors held a consultation. CPPCC

24 assess: 估定价值a house assessed at $50,000征税/评价,评论assess the present state of the econo-my / take a full assessment of the impact of the war

25 mate: first mate 大副

26 thrive: 兴旺发达,繁荣His business is thriving / He is the sort of person who thrives on hard work. 茁壮成长Few plants or animals thrive in the desert.

27 emergency: keep a fire extinguisher for use in an emergency /declare a state of emergency / emer-gency brakes (landing)

28halt: The car came to a sudden halt. / bring a halt to the nuclear arms race

29 size up: 估计,品评size up a situation / A game

of cards offers a possible chance of sizing a man up 30 release: The government released $1 million to help promote spare-time education. / 解除,免除He was released from duty with the second Transport Company. 发行,发布新闻The picture is scheduled for mid-summer release /release the Watergate tapes 31 deceive: We will not deceive you in this matter. / Appearances can be deceptive.

32original: 起初,原来的the original meaning 独创,新颖的a daring and original idea 原作品的,原件的an original birth certificate / read Marx’s works in the original

33wipe out: 擦掉wipe a stain out 摧毁,消灭wipe out the enemy’s major military targets

34horizon: 地平线The sun has sunk below the horizon. 范围,眼界Travel b roadens one’s horizon. / horizontal — vertical

UNIT 8

1run out of: 用完,耗尽He’s always run ning out of money before payday / W e’re running out of time 2ignorant: 无知的,无学识的 a very superficial, ignorant, un-weighing fellow 不知道His parents were kept ignorant of the fact that he failed in the examination. / Ignorance is a rare blessing.

3 senior: 年资较深的,高级的an attempted coup in which senior officers were involved / a senior editor / senior citizen

4 slice: (切下的)薄片,片cut the bread in thin slices / sliced bread 部分gain a large slice of the market

5 sum up: 计算,总数sum up one’s assert and l ia-bilities 总结,概括sum up the experience /To sum up, within our society there still exist inequalities.

6accumulate: accumulate wealth / True poetry accumulates meaning every time it is read. / The accumulating evidence suggests…

7ancestor: 祖先,祖宗His ancestors came to America on the Mayflower. 原种species descend-ing from a common ancestor

8 intellectual: 智力的,知识的intellectual curiosity 知识分子intellectual property rights / 用脑力的an intellectual worker

9 affect: Constant exposure to intense light affects the eyes adversely. 假装,佯装affect indifference

10function: perform a function履行职责func-tional:官能的,实用的functional architecture / The furniture is functional / A government functions through numerous divisions.

11idle: 闲散,闲臵a lot of idle machinery / idle money 懒散,无所事事an idle good-for-nothing (发动机)空转,怠速

12 a financial statement 财务报表

13 humble: 地位低下,卑微的a man of humble ori-gin 谦逊的Many famous people are surprisingly humble

14portable: 手提,便携的This little TV is ex-tremely portable.

15privacy: one’s right to privacy

16complex: What he said was too complex for me to understand. / 综合体,集合体build a petro- chemical complex / a complex of new buildings 新建筑群/ 情结inferiority complex

17manual: 手工的,用手操作的,体力的manual la-bor / a manual gearshift / a manual worker 手册,指南a shorthand manual

18adequate: 适当的,胜任的be adequate to the task of doing something 足够的What should be done to assure adequate supplies of energy?

19decline: 拒绝,谢绝W e sent him an invitation but he declined. 下降,减少Domestic production of oil will continue to decline 衰退,衰落the decline of Roman Empire (on the decline)

20acquire: (通过努力)取得,获得,学到,开始具有acquire a habit / acquire a foreign language / acquire foreign firms

21 miracle: accomplish technological miracles / It was a miracle you weren’t hurt in that accident.

22faculty: 官能,技能His faculty of hearing was acute / He has the faculty of making friends easily 全体教员,全体从业人员students and some faculty

按照计划,这一年冬天大学里招收20万学生。但是报名者却多至570万人。平均28.5个人中才能录取一个。半年以后,即1978年夏天,又有590万人报考大学。到了1979年,报名的人超过640万。这其实一点也不奇怪,想想看,12年的考生全在这里啊。

但是政府在仓促之间完全没有料到这些。商店里的纸和笔全卖光了,说到课本和教材,没有一家商店里面可以找到。人们到处去收集那些经过十年浩劫侥幸留下来的书本,至于现在铺天盖地流行于市的考试辅导材料,那个时候的人们连想都没有想过。临近考试的时候,官员们往往会发现考场不够,监考的老师还没有找齐。那么多年没有考试了,谁能保证不出乱子呢?所以,许多地方还要调集警察和军队,把考场戒备起来。这些场面叫今天参加高考的年轻人看来,真是难以想象。但还有更加难以想象的事呢:可以用来印刷考卷的纸没有了。那时中国的纸张产量本来就不多,大部分还都拿去印了红宝书,或者拿去写了大字报和大标语。毛选第五卷6个月前刚刚出版,此为当时中国第一大事。全国所有的印刷厂都在开足马力印刷红宝书,已经印了2800万册,还不够呢。但是现在年轻人都在一个劲地询问什么时候才能考试。有人就掂着红宝书说,还不如就把这个纸拿去印考卷呢。主意是不错,可是下级官员不敢做主:恢复高考已经是不得了的事,还敢把毛选第五卷停下来去印考卷,岂不是大逆不道?他们只好把问题上呈,一级一级地报告到中南海里,结果中央做出决定:将印刷毛选第五卷的纸张调出,全力以赴印出高考试卷。消息甫出,所有人都为之惊叹:时代真的不同了。

……在我们国家的历史上,这几天考场上的情形真是空前绝后。考试的成绩十几天就出来了,20万人在年底之前得到了录取通知书。又经过两个夏天,全国的大学录取了总计88万名学生。这是从1800万考生中筛选出来的,筛选的唯一标准是分数。考生的录取比率不到5%。有些地方,比如黑龙江省,考生太多了,所以录取的比例还不到1%。

大学里一下子集中了那么多的人,也集中了那么多的事。年纪最大的和年纪最小的学生几乎就是两代人。不少人已经是父母,和他们的孩子一起去上学。…北大32号楼前办起了文学社的作品专栏,每逢吃饭时间,很多人端着饭碗挤在那里边吃边看边评论。那时候很多学校连个像样的食堂也没有。菜真是便宜,几分钱就能买到一大盘,但是却没有桌子和板凳。学生们排很长的队买到饭之后,就把饭碗端在手上,把菜盘放在地下,蹲成一圈,一边吃一边说话。同学之间不谈男人和女人,也不谈谁左谁右谁有钱谁有个好爸爸,大款这个词还要过好几年才发明出来。大家只谈国家和人类的命运和前途,个个都是一副“天将降大任于斯人”的样子。不过,每个人的口袋里都是空的,全额奖学金每月19元5角,这些钱在买了最简单的衣食用品之后,就一点都不剩了.

考研英语核心词汇总结

考研英语核心词汇总结

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2017考研英语核心词汇汇总2017考研英语核心词汇天天背(Day1) rape n.强奸;破坏,蹂躏vt.强奸;破坏,蹂躏 rash a.轻率的,鲁莽的[反]deliberate n.皮疹 guideline n.指导方针,指导原则,准则,标准 gut n.[pl.]胆量;内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏 habitat n.(动物的)栖息地,(植物的)产地 harassment n.骚扰,扰乱;烦恼,烦乱 recycle vt./vi.重复利用(用过的物资),循环使用 redundant a.被解雇的;多余的,过剩的 refugee n.(政治上的)避难者,难民 refund n.v. 退款;赔偿 relish n.喜好,乐趣;美味;胃口v.爱好,喜欢 remnant n.残余,剩余;残余物,残存部分 renaissance n.[the R-]文艺复兴(时期);新生,复兴 ritual a.宗教仪式的,典礼的n.仪式,典礼;惯例 robust a.强健的,茁壮的;有力的[反]feeble salvation n.(尤指基督)救世,超度;拯救,解困 sanction v.同意(某事),批准,认可n.批准,国际制裁 sane a.心智健全的,神志清醒的;明断的,理智的 sarcastic a.讽刺的,嘲笑的,挖苦的 saturate vt.使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和 repertoire n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能 repression n.压抑,压制,镇压 retention n.保留;保持;记忆(力) retort n.v.报复;反击;反驳 boost n.促进,激励;一抬;一推vt.推动,增强 bowel n.肠;[pl.]内部,深处 retrieve vt.重新得到,取回;挽回,补救;检索 retrospect v.n.回顾,回想,追溯[反]foresee revelation n.揭示,透露,显示;被揭示的真相,新发现2017考研英语核心词汇天天背(Day2) rigorous a.严格的,严厉的,严酷的(气候条件)

词汇学知识要点conversion

Conversion 1.Definition of Conversion Conversion / Functional shift/ Transmutation (转化法/功能转换法/转移法)is the word-formation by converting words of one class into another class (part of speech) without adding any affix. It is also called derivation by zero suffix (零位后缀派生法) zero derivation(零位派生法). 2.Features of Conversion (P29) 3.Types of Conversion 1)Conversion to Verbs De-nominal (nouns →verbs) (7 types) De-adjective (adjectives →verbs) : To make…/to become… 2)Conversion to Nouns De-verbal (verbs → nouns ) (5 types) De-adjective (adjectives →nouns) Full conversion: both as nouns and adjectives Partial conversion: the+adj. Miscellaneous 3)Conversion to Adjectives: Nouns as attributives and predicatives Miscellaneous

雅思写作十大原则核心词汇

雅思写作十大原则核心词汇 1. 金钱原则(MONEY) 2. 时间原则(TIME) 3. 健康原则(HEALTH) 4. 情感原则(EMOTION) 5. 智力与教育原则(INTELLECT AND EDUCA TION) 6. 心理原则(PSYCHOLOGY) 7. 权利原则(RIGHTS) 8. 环保原则(ENVIRONMENT) 9. 文化与传统原则(CULTURE AND TRADITION) 10. 道德与犯罪原则(MORALITY AND CRIME) 1 金钱原则(MONEY) a tight budget 资金紧张 alleviate vt.减轻,使(痛苦等)易于忍受 bankrupt n .破产者;adj.破产了的 be short of 缺乏 beggar n .乞丐 burden n..担子,压力,负担;v .担负 burn money 浪费钱 charity hospital 慈善医院 consumption n .消费(量) costly adj.昂贵的,贵重的 dear adj.昂贵的 destitute adj.穷困的,缺乏的 economic burden 经济负担 economic difficulty 经济困难 eligible children 适龄儿童 eliminate vt.排除,消除 expend vt.花费,消耗,支出 expenditure n .花费,支出,消耗 expensive adj.花费的,昂贵的 finance vt.资助,供给……经费,负担经费;n .财政,金融financial aid 经济资助 financial strain 资金紧张,以济压力 foreign currency 外汇 go broken 破产 government revenue 政府税收 health care 医疗保健 homeless adj.无家的,无家可归的 hunger n .饥饿 illiteracy n .文盲

考研英语核心词汇(整理版)

displacement n. 移置 , 转移 , 取代 , 置换 , 位移 , 排水量dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 , 生动的 eventually adv. 最后 , 终 于 exhibit vt. 展出 , 陈列 n.展览品 , 陈列品 , 展品 v.展示exploitation n.开发 , 开采 , 剥削 , 自私的利用 , 宣传 , 广告 fluctuations n. 波动 , 起伏 highlighted adj. 突出的 implicit adj.暗示的 , 盲从的 , 含蓄的 , 固有的 , 不怀疑的, 绝对的 induced vt. 劝诱 , 促使 , 导致 , 引起 , 感应 inevitably adv. 不可避免 infrastructure n. 下部构造 , 基础下部组织 inspection n. 检查 , 视察 intensity n. 强烈 , 剧烈 , 强度 ,亮度 manipulation n. 处理 , 操作 , 操纵 offset n.抵销 , 弥补 , 分支 , vt.弥补 , 抵销 , 用平版印刷 vi.偏移 , 形成分支 paragraph n.(文章 )段 , 节 , 段落 plus prep.加上 adj.正的 , 加的 practitioners n. 从业者 , 开业者 predominantly adv.卓越的 , 支配的 , 主要的 , 突出的 , 有影响的 prospect n.景色 , 前景 , 前途 , 期望 vi. 寻找 , 勘探 radical adj. 根本的 , 基本的 , 激进的 n.激进分子 random n.随意 , 任意 adj.任意的 , 随便的 , 胡乱的adv.胡乱地 reinforce vt. 加强 , 增援 , 补充 , 增加 ...的数量 , 修补 , 加固n.加固物 restore vt.恢复 , 使回复 , 归还 , 交还 , 修复 , 重建 revision n. 修订 , 修改 , 修正 , 修订本 schedule n.时 间表 , 进度表 v.确定时间 tension n. 紧张 (状态 ), 不安 , 拉紧 , 压力 , 张力 , vt. 拉紧 , 使紧张 termination n. 终止 thereby adv.因此 , 从而 , 在那方面 , 在那附近 uniform adj. 统一的 , 相同的 , 一致的 ,;n.制服 vt.使成一 样 , 使穿制服 vehicle n. 交通工具 , 车辆 , 媒介物 , 传达手段 via prep.经 , 通过 , 经由 virtually adv. 事实上 , 实质上 widespread adj. 分布广泛的 , 普遍的 visual adj. 看的 , 视觉的 , 形象的 , 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处 , 膳宿 , (车 , 船 , 飞机等的 )预定铺位 , (眼睛等的 )适应性调节 analogous adj.类似的 , 相似的 , 可比拟的 anticipate vt. 预期 , 期望 , 过早使用 , 先人一着 , 占先 v. 预订 , 预见 , 可以预料 assurance n.确信 , 断言 , 保证 , 担保attain vt. 达到 , 获得 v.达到 behalf n.为 , 利益 bulk n.大小 , 体积 , 大批 , 大多数 , 散装 vt.显得大 , 显得重 要 ceases v停.止 , 终了 ,n.停止 coherence n.一致 coincide vi. 一致 , 符合 commence v.开始,着手 concurrent n 同时发生的事件 adj.并发的,协作的,一致 的 confined adj. 被限制的,狭窄的,分娩 的 controversy n. 论战 ,争论 ,辩论 conversely adv.倒的 ,逆的 device n. 装置 ,设计 ,图案 ,策略 ,发明物 ,设备;【计】安 装设备驱动程序 devote v.投身于 ,献身于 diminish v.( 使 )减少 ,( 使)变小 distorted adj. 扭曲的 ,受到曲解 的 duration n. 持续时间 ,为期 erosion n. 腐蚀 ,浸蚀 ethical adj. 与伦理有关的 ,民族的 ,民族特有的 founded v.建立 ,创立 inherent adj.固有的 ,内在的 ,与生俱来的 insight n. 洞察力 ,见识 integral adj. 完整的 ,整体的 ,【数学】积分的 mature adj. 成熟的 ,到期的 ,充分考虑的 ,(票据等 )到期的 vt.使成熟vi. 成熟 ,到期 mediation n.仲裁 ,调解 ,调停 advocate n.提倡者 , 鼓吹者 vt.提倡 , 鼓吹 channel n.海峡 , 水道 , 沟 , 路线 vt.引导 , 开导 , 形成河道;信道 ,频道 classical adj.古典的 , 正统派的 , 古典文学的 comprehensive adj. 全面的 , 广泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容 的 comprise v.包含 , 由 ...组成 confirmed adj. 证实的 , 惯常的 , 慢性的 contrary adj.相反的 , 逆的 , decades n十.年 , 十 definite adj. 明确的 , 一定的 deny v.否认 , 拒绝 differentiation n. 区别 disposal n.处理 , 处置 , 布置 , 安排 , 配置 , 支配 empirical adj. 完全根据经验的 , 经验主义的 , 【化】实验式 equipment n.装备 , 设备 , 器材 , 装置 , 铁道车辆 , 才能extract n.精 , 汁 , 榨出物 , 摘录 , 选粹 vt.拔出 , 榨取 , 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取 foundation n.基础 , 根本 , 建立 , 创立 , 地基 , 基金 , 基金会

小学语文字词句总结(汇编)

字形 字音 纤夫(qiàn)摩挲(mó suō):用手抚摩绵亘(gèn)藐视(miǎo)蔑视(miè) 吟诵(yín)镌刻(juān)参差(cēn cī)旋转(zhuǎn)掉色(shǎi) 瘦削(xuē)劲头(jìn)刚劲(jìng) 成语 抑扬顿挫:声音高低曲折十分和谐,借以形容悦耳的声音。 变本加厉:情况变得比本来更加严重厉,厉害 攻无不克:指没有攻占不下来的。形容力量无比强大。 居功自傲:自以为有功劳而骄傲自大,目空一切。 流芳百世:美名永远流传后世 德高望重:品德高尚,声望很高,借以称颂年高而有名望的人 气势汹汹:压抑的感情得到爆发,指人对事或者人的不满情绪发泄的状态。十分暴躁 阴谋诡计:指暗地里策划坏的害人的坏主意。诡:欺诈,奸滑。 以身作则:以自己的行为做出榜样。则:准则,榜样 川流不息:事物像水流一样连续不断 精兵简政:精简人员和机构简:使简单,简化 再接再厉:雄鸡相斗,每次交锋以前先磨磨嘴。借以比喻继续努力,再加一把劲。泛指一次又一次加倍努力。接:接战、迎战厉:磨快、奋勉、努力 惊慌失措:吓得慌了手脚,不知如何是好。失措: 失去常态 措手不及:指事情突然出意外,一时无法对付。措手:着手处理;应付 刻舟求剑:刻个记号便于打捞宝剑,原本并无错,可是把记号刻在了移动的船上,那岂不等于没有记号吗?这个故事对那些思想僵化、看不到事物发展变化的人是一个绝妙 的讽刺。故事告诉我们办事不能只凭主观愿望,不能想当然,要根据客观情况的

变化而灵活处理。 原形毕露:本来面目完全暴露,泛指伪装被彻底揭开。 得心应手:心手相应,运用自如 栩栩如生:形容画作、雕塑中的艺术形象等生动逼真,就像活的一样。栩栩:形容生动活泼的样子 千钧一发:千钧重物用一根头发系着。比喻情况万分危急 白手起家:没有任何经济实力支持,靠着双手进行创业,最后获得成功的果实。 高瞻远瞩:站得高,看得远。比喻眼光远大。 好高骛远:比喻不切实际地追求过高、过远的目标骛,马快跑,引申为追求 横行无忌:依仗暴力,毫无顾忌地干坏事 盛气凌人:以骄横的气势压人。形容傲慢自大,气势逼人。凌:欺压 死得其所:死得有价值,有意义。所:处所,地方 不遗余力:把所有的力量全部使出来,没有一丝一毫的保留。遗:留下 狐假虎威:狐狸假借老虎的威势,借以比喻依仗别人的权势来欺压、恐吓人。 漫不经心:比喻人做事随随便便,不放在心上。 口若悬河:讲起话来滔滔不绝,像瀑布不停地奔流倾泻。形容能说会辩,说起话来没完没了。 悬河:指流在高处的河流 得过且过:只要能够过得去,就这样过下去。形容胸无大志;没有长远打算;也指工作敷衍了事;不负责任。 无足轻重:意思是没有它并不会轻些,有它也不会重些。指无关紧要。 欣欣向荣:形容草木长得茂盛。比喻事业蓬勃发展 一丝不苟:形容做什么事都认真,连最细微的地方也不马虎。苟:敷衍了事 句子 关联词 1.并列句(各分句间的关系是平行并列的)如:“这衣裳既漂亮,又大方。” 常用的关联词语有:又……又……、既……又……、一边……一边……、那么……那么……、是……也是……、不是……而是…… 2.承接句(各分句表示连续发生的事情或动作,分句有先后顺序)如:“看了他的示范动作后,我就照着样子做。” 常用的关联词语有:……接着……、……就……、……于是……、……又……、……便…… 3.递进句(分句间是进一层的关系)如:“海底不但景色奇异,而且物产丰富。” 常用的关联词语有:不但(不仅)……而且……、不但……还……、……更(还)……、……甚至…… 4.选择句(各分句列出几种情况,从中选出一种)如:“我们下课不是跳橡皮筋,就是踢毽子。”常用的关联词语有:不是……就是……、或者……或者……、是……还是……、要么……要么……、宁可(宁愿)……也不……、与其……不如……

英语词汇学考试重点整理

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