Unit 16 Stories Section Ⅳ
[语法·预备役]
用动词的适当形式填空，并指出动作的施动者是谁
1. My computer is really slow; I am going to ________(upgrade) the hard disk.( )
答案：upgrade; upgrade的施动者是“我”。
2. My computer is really slow; I need to get the hard disk ________(upgrade)．( )
答案：upgraded; upgrade的施动者是“别人”。
3. I ________(replace) that broken window at last.( )
答案：replaced; replace的施动者是“我”。
4. I had that broken window ________(replace) at last.( )
答案：replaced; replace的施动者是“别人”。
[语法·讲座]
have/get sth. done用法
一、have/get sth. done所用时态
1. have/get sth. done
have，get具有“使，让，叫”之意。
have sth.done＝get sth. done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)
I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天叫人把我的自行车修理一下。
2. have sth. done还表示“使某物遭受……”。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
踢足球时，汤姆把腿摔断了。
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
史密斯先生外出度假时，他的房子被人破门而入。
[点津] get sth. done有时表示自己做某事。
I'll never get all this work finished.
我永远也干不完这所有的工作。
三、have/get的其他用法
1. have sb./sth. doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动和进行) get sb./sth. doing使某人/物开始行动起来
The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机白天黑夜地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线继续行进。
[点津] “have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。
I won't have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会容忍你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don't have the water running all the time.
不要让水流个不停。
2. have sb. do sth.使/让/叫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth.使/让/叫某人做某事
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
母亲叫我去商店买些盐。
I can't get him to stop smoking.
我无法让他戒烟。
[强化·印证]
翻译句子
1. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
_______________________________________________________
答案：We had the machine mended just now.
2. 我会叫孩子去寄这封信。
_______________________________________________________
答案：I will have my child mail this letter.
3. 你最好让马慢慢跑。
_______________________________________________________
答案：You'd better have your horse running slowly.
4. 你有什么东西需要我带到城里去吗？
_______________________________________________________
答案：Do you have something to be taken to the city by me?
5. 你最好找人用这块木料做一个盒子。
_______________________________________________________
答案：You'd better have a new box made of this piece of wood.
[考点·研讨]
1. [2011·陕西高考改编]Claire had her luggage________(check) an hour before her plane left.
解题关键：have的含义及luggage与check之间的关系。
答案研讨：checked 考查非谓语动词的用法。结构“have sth. done”意为“使某事被做”。句意：飞机起飞前一小时，克莱尔的行李接受了检查。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，故选择过去分词作宾语补足语。
2. [2010·辽宁高考改编]Alexander tried to get his work ________(recognise) in the medical circles.
解题关键：his work 与recognize之间的动宾关系。
答案研讨：recognised 句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语his work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
[达标·演练]
Ⅰ. 完成句子
1. I'm not feeling well today, so he will ____________(给我检查一下) in the hospital.
答案：get me examined
2. You'd better ________/________(让汤姆帮你) do the work.
答案：get Tom to help you/have Tom help you
3. Daddy ______________(让我们大笑) all through the meal.
答案：had all of us laughing
4. He was busy because he ________________(有许多问题要解决)．
答案：had a lot of problems to solve
5. He often ________________(让他姐姐给他洗衣服), but today he has to wash them himself.
答案：has his sister wash clothes for him
6. I can't ________(让你说) to your mother in this way.
答案：have you speak
7. I ________(我的自行车被偷) last week.
答案：got my bike stolen
8. Don't leave the machine ________(转) all the time.
答案：running
9. Have you had him ________(还)the book?
答案：return
10. Don't go out on such a hot day, or you'll get ________(烧焦)．
答案：burnt
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)
1. [2013·开封高二检测]－Would you like to join us?
－I'd love to, but I have to have my bicycle________(repair) first.
答案：repaired repair与bicycle之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
2. －My leg hurts a lot.
－You'd better go to the doctor and have it ________(examine)．
答案：examined examine与it之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
3. －In this day and age, women can have children and job as well.
－I can't agree more. It's great to have the two ________(combine)．
答案：combined have在此处表示“让”的含义，combine与the two之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4. Who would you rather have ________(go) with you?
答案：go 句意：你愿意让谁跟你一块去？have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。
5. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________(improve) in a short period.
答案：improved 考查have sth. done结构。句意为：詹妮希望史密斯先生提出一个好方法，使她的书面英语水平在短时间内提高。her written English与improve之间为被动关系。
6. [2013·上海长宁区期末]They will have you ________(arrest) if you don't pay taxes, because it is everyone's duty to pay taxes.
答案：arrested arrest与you为动宾关系，此处用过去分词arrested构成have sb. done结构。
7. [2013·山东莱芜期末]－Could you get this parcel ________(mail) for me, please?
－OK!
答案：mailed 考查过去分词作宾补的用法。mail和其逻辑主语parcel是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，构成get sth.done结构。
8. [2012·四川高考改编]Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________(wash)．
答案：washed 考查get sth. done“使某物被……”结构。句意：开车进城前，你需要把车清洗一下。wash与car为动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作宾补。
9. When his mother had him ________(do) his homework, he decided to have the light ________(burn) all night to pretend he was working hard.
答案：do; burning 句意：当他妈妈让他做作业时，他决定让灯亮一整晚，装作他一直在刻苦学习。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”；have sth. doing“使某物一直处于某种状态”。
10. [2014·安徽高考]While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
答案：promoted 句意：亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。考查非谓语动词。promote和逻辑主语Henry是逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词。
全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
高中英语语法通霸 第一讲相关概念 考点1，词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt. transitive verb 及物动词 vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v modal verb 情态动词 au. v auxiliary verb 助动词 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 Interj. Interjection 感叹词 pron pronoun 代词 prep preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj. conjunction 连词 考点2．及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后而不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词 The door opened.（open后面没跟宾语，此时pen是不及物动词，） He opened the door.（open后面有宾语 the door，此时open是及物动词，） 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 A The meeting began at six．（ begin是不及物动词，） We began the meeting at six．（ begin是及物动词，） B The man walked away（walk是不及物动词，意为“走”） He walked the dog every day．（walk是及物动词，“遛”。）
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/634766784.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/634766784.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语语法教案-倒装句 1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）Why can\'t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
倒装句 倒装的两种考法： 1. 放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握； 2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 倒装的两种形式： 1. 完全倒装：将整个谓语动词提到主语前。 2. 部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。 一、完全倒装 1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off, over, back等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (1)车来了。Here comes the bus. (2)铃响了。There goes the bell. (3)孩子们冲出来了。Out rushed the children. (4)那个男孩离开了。Away went the boy. 【疑难】 Here it is. In she came. Away he went. 【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。 2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go, sit, stand等时用完全倒装。【完成例句】 (5)河的南面有一家小工厂。In south of the river lies a small factory. (6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。From the valley came a cry. 3】such, the following等放句首时，句子要完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (7)Such are the facts. 情况就是如此。 (8)生活就是这样。Such is life. (9)The following is the answer to the question. 这个问题的答案如下。 4】There lie / exist / stand / live ＋主语＋…是there be 句型的变式 【翻译句子】 (10)山顶上有一幢高楼。There is a tall building on the top of the mountain. (11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain. 5】“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构。 【例句观察】 Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有一些别的宾客。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 坐在地上的是一群年轻人。 【注意】此时，主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主＋系动词＋表语。 二、部分倒装
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
简单句 谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化 名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语
倒装句 英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。 一、完全倒装 1. 用于there be 句型。 例：There are many students in the classroom. 原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom. ★2. 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。 例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如： Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。） Here it comes. 它来了。 ★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。 Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。 Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如： In he comes. 他走了进来。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。 ★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：