《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(三)
I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)
1. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by
______.
A. use frequency
B. origin
C. pronunciation
D. notion ( )
2. There was ______ agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English.
A. less
B. a bit less
C. more
D. a bit more ( )
3. The early inhabitants of the British Isles were ______.
A. Scandinavians
B. Romans
C. Germans
D. Celts ( )
4. Modern English is regarded as a/an _______ language.
A. analytic
B. inflected
C. synthetic
D. advanced ( )
5. The word “internationalist” does not contain a/an ______.
A. bound morpheme
B. stem
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme ( )
6. The prefix “dis-“ in “disloyal” is a ______ prefix.
A. reversative
B. negative
C. pejorative
D. locative ( )
7. The word “dorm” is formed by clipping the ______.
A. back of a phrase
B. front of a word
C. back of a word
D. front of a phrase ( )
8. The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.
A. nouns
B. adverbs
C. verbs
D. adjectives ( )
9. Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.
A. motivation
B. reference
C. concepts
D. association ( )
10. The status of words either as superordinate or subordinate is ______ to other
words.
A. stable
B. fixed
C. consistent
D. relative ( )
11. The meaning of “lip” in “the lip of a wound” has experienced _____.
A. associated transfer
B. degradation
C. extension
D. elevation ( )
12. Linguistic context may cover the following except ______.
A. a paragraph
B. participants
C. a whole chapter
D. the entire book ( )
13. Ambiguity arises due to the following except ______.
A. homonymy
B. polysemy
C. synonymy
D. structure ( )
14. In the idiom “from cradle to grave”, ______ is used.
A. personification
B. metaphor
C. synecdoche
D. metonymy ( )
15. Theoretically, a/an ______ dictionary is a complete record of all the words in use.
A. desk
B. unabridged
C. pocket
D. specialized ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)
1. Norwegian, Icelandic._______________ and Swedish are generally known as Scandinavian languages.
2. English words may fall into content words and functional words by ____________.
3. Now people generally refer to ___________________ as Old English.
4. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, __________ change and borrowing.
5. Pronouns and __________ enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability.
6. Old English was a highly _________________ language like modern German.
7. Blending is the formation of new words by combining ________________ of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
8. Semantic motivation explains the connection between the _______________ sense and figurative sense of the word.
9. Synonyms can be classified into two groups: __________________ synonyms and relative synonyms..
10. When we talk about context, we usually think of _________________ context, hardly aware of the non-linguistic context..
11. The more _______________ the idioms, the more fixed the structure.
12. Changes of word meaning are due to _____________ factors and extra-linguistic factors.
13. Synonyms may differ in the range and _________________ of meaning.
14. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______________ in which it occurs. This is called grammatical context.
15. So far as the language is concerned, Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is regarded as a __________________ dictionary.
III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)
1. Prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, numerals and articles all belong to functional words. ( )
2. With the development of the language, more and more differences arose between sound and form. ( )
3. The chief function of suffixes is to change the meanings of stems. ( )
4. There is no free morpheme in the word “prediction”. ( )
5. There are many words which have both the same conceptual meaning and the same stylistic meaning. ( )
6. The words such as BBC, VOA, NATO and UFO are initialisms. ( )
7. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual context. ( ) 8. Such words as “miniskirt” and “reading-lamp” are regarded as morphologically motivated words. ( ) 9. Radiation describes a semantic process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains. ( ) 10. The ambiguity of the sentence “I saw her duck,” is thought to be caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( ) 11. Extra-linguistic context can exercise greater influence on the meanings of words than we realize. ( ) 12. In the idioms, such as “scream and shout”, “pick and choose” and “odds and ends”, alliteration is used. ( ) 13. Idioms are expressions which are easily understandable from the literal meanings of individual words. ( ) 14. LDCE is famous for its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages. ( ) 15. Specialized dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia. ( ) IV. Answer the following questions. (20%)
1.What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate
your point of view.
2.What is conversion？What are the characteristics of conversion?
3.What is reference? What are the characteristics of reference?
4.What are the two major factors that cause changes in meaning? How are they
classified?
5.What is a dictionary? What is the relationship between a dictionary and
lexicology?
V. Analyze and comment on the following. (20%)
1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and then point out the types of morphemes.
lion-hearted contradiction workers
2. Read the sentence carefully. If you find anything inadequate, explain the reasons and then improve the sentence.
The fish is ready to eat.
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(三)
参考答案
I. 选择题
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. D 11. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15. B
II. 填空题
1. Danish
2. notion
3. Anglo-Saxon
4. semantic
5. numerals
6. inflected
7. parts
8. literary
9. absolute 10. linguistic 11. idiomatic 12. lexical
13. intensity 14. structure 15. monolingual
III. 是非题
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. T
9. F
10. F 11. T 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. F
IV. 问答题
1.
The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, …woman? becomes …Frau? in German and …femme? in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean …meat?, …meet?, and …mete?.
2. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs.
3. Reference refers to the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the word (including persons) are being talked about. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Reference is a kind of abstraction, but with the help of context, it can refer to something specific.
4. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are: linguistic factors and extra-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors include shortening, the influx of borrowings and analogy. Extra-linguistic factors include the historical reason, the class reason and the psychological reason.
5. A dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetic order the words of English, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning, usage, rules of grammar, and in some, their etymology. It is closely related to lexicology, which deals with the same problems: the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.
V. 论述题
1. Each of the three words is made up of three morphemes: lion-hearted (lion +
heart + ed), contradiction (contra + dict + ion), workers (work + er + s).
“Lion”, “heart” and “work” are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.
Of the nine morphemes, all the rest –ed, contra-, -dict-, -ion, -er and -s are bound morphemes as they con not stand alone as words. Of the six bound morphemes, -ed and –s are inflectional morphemes and contra-, -ion and –er are derivational morphemes, while –dict- is a bound root.
2.The sentence is ambiguous, which is caused by inadequate grammatical structure.
The sentence can be understood as “The fish is cooked or served, so it is ready for people to eat,” or “The fish is ready to eat things.”
The sentence can be improved as: “What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat,”or “The fish swimming back and forth is ready to eat.”
2020年小学六年级英语学业水平模拟考试试 卷及答案 摘要：2020年小学六年级学业水平模拟考试英语试卷(时间:6o分钟满分10o分)题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分listeningpart(听力部分30分)一、选出你听到的词汇。(10分)()1、a、rulerb、eraserc、pencil()...... 2020年小学六年级学业水平模拟考试 英语试卷答案 听力部分 一、1、C 2、A 3、B 4、C 5、A 二、1、× 2、√ 3、× 4、× 5、√
三、1、B 2、B 3、A 4、A 5、A 笔试部分 四、1、right 2、eat 3、watches 4、shorter 5、sang 6、shouldn’t 7、knives 8、ninth 9、studies 10、sunny 五、1、B 2、C 3、C 4、A 5、C 六、1、B 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C 七、1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、B 八、1、juice，sandniches 2、washing，clothes 3、tomatoes，potatoes 4、How，car 5、went，shopping 九、1、What is the weather like today？
2、Yes，I can. 3、No，there sin’t. 4、John is shorter than Mike. 5、I went to Sanya over my summer holiday. 十、1、5 2、B 3、tall 4、Yes，there were. 5、Y 听力材料 一、1.pencil 2.sunny 3.arm 4.socks 5.Chinese 二、1.The boy is singing. 2.They’re watermelons. 3.Turn left. 4.These are horses. 5.They’re pants. 三、1.Who’s that woman？ 2.The traffic is green. 3.John is taller than Mike. 4.I like beef best.
Network Education College, BLCU 《大学英语(三)》模拟试卷一 注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。 2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。 3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。 4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。 I.Multiple Choice. (1 point for each, altogether 30 points) Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word that you think best complete the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. There is no_______in insisting on his agreement. [A] meaning[B] sense [C] mine[D] benefit 2. We_______to get what we want, anyway. [A] managed[B] believed [C] handled[D] operated 3. It is beautiful when many birds_______the island during the autumn months.
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一) I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%) 1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______. A. roots B. morphs C. stems D. morphemes ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______. A. stability . B. productivity C. polysemy . D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic . B. Hellenic C. Italic . D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. borrowing B. backformation C. creation D. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel”and “comsat”are called ______. A. blends B. compounds C. acronyms D. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings”has ______ morphemes. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. concept B. world C. context . D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______. A. dorm for “dormitory” B. fond for “affectionate” C. dish for “food” D. TV for “television”( ) 9. The word “mouth”in the phrase “the mouth of a river”is regarded as a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. etymologically C. onomatopoeically D. semantically
中考英语模拟试题(02) 听力部分 Ⅰ. 选出你所听到的单词或短语。(共5 小题，计5分) 1.A. weather B. whether C. feather D. waiter 2.A. wake B. week C. weak D. wet 3.A. shirt B. skirt C. short D. shop 4.A. four friends B. filled with food C.fall off the truck D. full of fruit 5.A. ride a bike B. make a cake C.make a kite D. take a cat Ⅱ. 根据你所听到的对话和问句，从下面各题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。(共5小题，计5分) 6.A. 3:30 B. 4:30 C. 5:30 D. 6:30 7.A. Saturday B. Sunday C. Tuesday D. Thursday 8.A. Once a week B. Twice a week C.Three times a week D. Every day 9.A. In the bag B. On the desk C.Under the desk D. Under her bed 10.A. Because his mother was ill. B.Because he was ill. C.Because he didn’t do his homework. D.Because he didn’t want t o go to school. Ⅲ. 听短文，从四个选项中选出符合短文内容的正确答案。(共5 小题，计10分) 11.How long has Joan been a nurse? A. Nine years. B. About one year. C.Just a few years. D. Five years. 12.How does Joan feel about her work? A. Long and tired. B. Very hard. C.Interesting. D. Useful. 13.When people in hospital are not happy, what does Joan do? A. Joan is also unhappy. B. Joan has a rest. C.Joan is kind to them. D. Joan is angry. 14.What is important in Joan’s work? A. Chemistry. B. Her office. C. Her friend. D. Nothing.
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
2020年高考英语模拟试卷6 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分) 第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A 1．https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html, Top dealers compete for your business by offering lower prices.TrueCar spends a lot of money and resources on making sure the entire car renting experience is simple and straightforward.If you're in the market for a new car，give this site a try first. TrueCar's network checks many of the prices in your area and gets the best price for the car you're looking for. 2．https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html, It offers more control by allowing you to“build your car”and select your rental plan.The “build your car”option is one of the better options for those looking to add features to their car.If you're looking for cars with options like a sunroof or navigation(导航)，it's Carvoy that makes it very easy to get started with the process. 3．https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html, They have a large collection of new and used cars，and also provide resources for car comparisons.In the business for many years，they are one of the first online car outlets.They have a staff that can usually help you if you give them a call.Their phone support is very good and they are mostly located in the United States. 4．https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html, It delivers your rental car to the door，which is actually a huge selling point.Many people don't like to go to a dealership or even drive somewhere to pick up a car.Imagine renting a car and having it delivered right to your doorstep，and you need not drive by yourself. 5．https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html, It offers member-only savings，many car selections and an easy sign-up process.The deals through Costco are great and unique.Many times they have deals with General Motors cars like Chevrolet.There are a lot of deals to be done，but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个出租汽车的网站，包括其经营特色、服务项目等。 1．What's the selling point of https://www.doczj.com/doc/645422572.html,?
阅读理解 A Nowadays, more and more people want to open online stores. Here are some notes that might help you. 1. Use Website Monitoring (监测) The first thing you should do is find out how to keep up with website traffic and see how effective your site is. It requires a bit of programming so that you can follow your customers. 2. Build a Newsletter An email newsletter is one of the most effective tools in your business. You can use email newsletters to announce your new products and provide helpful information. 3. Get Set Up on Social Media (媒体) When running an online store, you need to have a social media presence. This is how people will find out about your products for the first time. Try to get the same username for all the social websites. 4. Develop a Backup (备用的) Plan While every single website owner should back up their websites regularly, it is even more important for online shopping websites. You must back up your website to protect it in times of trouble. 5. Choose Your Shipping Price
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
福建省专升本入学考试 英语模拟试卷6 II. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 11. Neither her parents nor Jill _______ seen this movie before; all of them want to see it tomorrow. A. has B. have C. having D. had 12. I have to _____ myself for a while. I’ve got something urgent to deal with. A. forgive B. excuse C. spare D. entertain 13. I was told that ______ 10:15 flight would get us to Shanghai in time to reach ______ Fudan University. A. the; / B. /; the C. a; the D. the; the 14. They said they would ______ their plan until it was finished. A. change B. stick to C. stay at D. go on 15. I don’t like this hat. Please show me _______. A. another B. the other C. others D. both 16. When I applied for my passport to be renewed, I had to send a _____ photograph. A. fresh B. fashionable C. late D. recent 17. We will _______ be in a hurry if we want to catch the 12:00 train. A. must B. need C. necessary D. have to 18. The businessman demanded that all his money _______ without any delay. A. to pay B. paid C. be paid D. be paying 19. You ought to take every ________ to improve your English. A. case B. chance C. thing D. time 20. _______ from outside, the house seemed to be very shabby but its interior was luxurious. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Saw 21. I’ve been working on my vocabulary actively, and one way to _____ it is to see films in English on TV. A. go down B. go up C. improve D. decrease 22. He did not do it in the way________ I would have done it myself. A. in that B. which C. as D. / 23. The girl is ______ young _______. A. so; to work B. too; to work C. too; to working D. so; working 24. Without air, there would be no atmosphere to protect us ________ the sun’s deadly rays. A. from B. under C. to D. in 25. Your box is _______ mine. A. four times as big as B. four times as bigger as C. as four times big D. as big as four times 26. Every means _______ been tried since then. A. has B. have C. are D. is 27. She likes hearing her own voice. She never stops ________. A. talking B. telling C. to talking D. to tell 28. The policeman looked me ________ several times and obviously disliked what he saw. A. up and down B. over and over again C. to and fro D. round and round 29. Talking to foreigners is fun if you _______ the right time and place. A. locate B. consider C. choose D. decide 30. Not only _______ us light，but it gives us heat.
2014年高考英语原创预测题（通用版） 一、单项填空（15小题） 1．Japan says its prime minister promised to provide the world with "maximum transparency" about ____ accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant during _____ telephone call. A. the; a B. the; the C. an; the D. an; a 【解析】选A。考查冠词。福岛核电站的事故应用定冠词the；而电话谈话没有指明是哪一次，因此用不定冠词表泛指。句意为：日本表示，日本首相在一次电话谈话中承诺以“最大的透明度”向全世界通报福岛核电站的事故情况。 2．It is thought that Henan Shuanghui Industry Group Co., Ltd. ____take responsibility for its consumers. A. can B. may C. must D. need 【解析】选C。must表示义务、必要，意为必须。而need通常用于否定句，表示需要。句意为：人们认为河南双汇食品有限公司必须对它的消费者们负责。 3. The civil war in Libya that ______on March 12 _______ for a week until now. A broke out; has lasted B breaking out ; was lasted C was broken out; has lasted D broke out; lasting 【解析】选A。考查动词的时态和语态，本句是一个主从复合句，它的时间状语是3月12日，因此定语从句的谓语用一般过去时，且break out为不及物动词短语无被动语态，因此排除B,C两项，until now 与现在完成时连用，排除D项只有A项符合题意，故选A。 4. It was not until the subprime loan crisis(次贷危机) had caused great damage to the American financial system ____ Americans realized the severity（严重性）of the situation. A. which B. that C. what D. when 【解析】选B。考查强调句型。not until the subprime loan crisis(次贷危机) had caused great damage to the American financial system是被强调部分，因此后面用that引导主句。句意为：是直到次贷危机给美国的金融系统造成了巨大危害时美国人才意识到局势的严重性。 5. In order to make people to _____ money to the sick baby, he suggested the mother kneel down every few meters in the street. A. distribute B. provide C. afford D. donate 【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：为了使人们给那个生病的孩子捐钱，他建议孩子的母亲在大街上每几米就下跪一次。Distribute“分配；分发”；provide ...for...“为……提供”；afford“买得起，付得起”；donate捐赠，赠送。根据题意，故选D。 6．A serious forest fire broke out in Shandong, _______ the authority had to take immediate steps to protect the forest in Tai’an. A. why B. which C. as D. for which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。根据句意可知前句是后句的原因，而此处why不能引导定语从句，需用for which；which引导定语从句指代前面整句内容，并在从句中作主语或宾语，但是后面的句子主谓宾都有，所以不用关系代词which或as。故选D。 7．Nowadays children have to take arts, music and sports classes in their free time ____ busy schoolwork. --- No wonder they have more and more pressure. A. rather than B. owing to C. apart from D. expect for 【解析】选C。考查介词短语。apart from“除了……之外”，符合句意“如今的孩子除了繁重的学校作业外，他们还要在业余时间不得不上绘画，音乐和体育课”。rather than“而不是”；owing to“因为；由于”；expect for排除的是细节。 8．The biggest full m oon of 2011 occurred on a Saturday night, ______ Chinese observers to gather outside to record the splendor. A. to lead B. led C. leading D. having led 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。leading和最大的月亮之间是主谓关系，用现在分词做结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，而不定式则表示出乎意料的让人失望的结果。句意为：2011年最大的月亮出现在一个星期六的晚上，致使中国观察者聚集在户外记录下这一光辉景象。 9．I heard the alarm ringing all the morning. ____ something very urgent happened. A. Really B. Obviously C. Especially D. Terribly 【解析】选B。考查副词。句意：我听到警报声一早上响个不停，显然发生了紧急事情。obviously 显然，明显地；符合句意。really真正地，强调事情的真假；especially尤其，特别；terribly糟糕地；可怕地。 10．The figures are further evidence ______ children are more likely to become near-sighted. A. that B. what C. why D. which 【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。that引导同位语从句，对evidence的内容进行说明，而且没有意义，只是起连接作用。其余选项引导同位语从句，在从句中都有意义和作用，所以只有A符合。句意为：这些数据进一步证明孩子们更有可能患近视。 11．The radiation from the nuclear power in Japan urged all the nations around to ______ their people to make preparations for possible disasters. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意是：日本核电站的辐射使得周围的国家号召人们对可能出现的灾难做好准备。fight for与……做斗争；为……而战；apply for申请；call on拜访（人）；号召；call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事。wait on等待，伺候，服侍。根据句意选C。 12．______young people were making efforts to take more exercise and eat healthily, they are still putting on weight. A. Because B. Now that C. When D. While 【解析】选D。考查状语从句。while“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。句意为：尽管年轻人努力做更多运动，健康饮食，他们的体重还是增加。 13．He gets up at six o'clock, runs for half an hour and then has a meal; that is his morning . A．policy B．behaviour C．tendency D．routine 【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。routine“程序；日常生活；例行公事”；根据“他每天早晨六点起床，跑步半小时，然后吃饭”可知是他的日常生活。所以选D。policy“政策”；behaviour“举止；行为”；tendency“倾向，趋势；癖好”。 14．There happened earthquakes in many places recently, one of ____ in Japan. A. the others B. them C. it D. which 【解析】选B。考查代词。根据句意“最近很多地方发生地震，其中之一是发生在日本”，可知用代词them代替前面的earthquakes。独立主格结构，因为不是完整的句子，故排除D选B。 15．—It is so hot today! Do you mind if I drink this last bottle of beer, Susan?