英语专业考研英美概况复习线索 Chapter 1Geography and Population
1. Where are the UK and the USA respectively located?
2. What are the similarities and differences in the physiographical features between the UK and the USA?
3. What are the major rivers and mountains in the UK and the USA?
4. What is the possible significance of the geography of the USA to the development of the economy in the country?
5. Which, geography or human beings, is more important in the development of
a country? Justify your point of view.
6. Compare the population of the UK with that of the USA. (e.g. composition, distribution, etc.)
7. Compare London with Washington D.C.
8. Who were the natives in the UK and in the USA?
9. What are similarities and differences of concentration of population in the UK and the USA?
英语专业考研笔记复习线索Chapter 2 History
1. Compare the beginnings of the UK with those of the USA.
2. How did the Normans establish the first House in Britain?
3. Why was it important to discover America?
4. How and why did the Puritans come to North America?
5. How did France, Spain and England divide North America after the discovery of America?
6. What were the conflicts between England and American colonists?
7. What are the contents of the Magna Carta? What is its nature?
8. What is the nature of the Hundred Years’ War? What are the consequences?
9. Why could the Industrial Revolution first take place in the UK?
10. How did the Wars of the Roses proceed?
11. What led to the outbreak of the War of American Independence?
12. What is the significance of the American Civil War?
13. What are the causes of the First World War?
14. What roles did the UK and the USA play in the Second World War?
15. Why did the USA experience the six economic crises while the UK did not?
16. What did the UK nationalization mean and why was there nationalization in the UK?
17. Why was the UK no longer a world major power after the Second World War and what did the labour government try to do in order to catch up?
18. What is the real problem of the Northern Ireland and what is your suggestion of solution to the problem?
19. Why does the USA remain an economic power in the world?
20. When and how did the Civil Rights Movement happen in the USA and what is its significance?
21. Why was there a Cold War after the Second World War? What is its consequence? What lesson can we draw from it?
英语专业研究生考试英美概况复习资料Chapter 3 Political Systems
1. What is the political system of the UK? What is the political system of the USA? Compare them.
2. Comment on “She (the Queen) reigns but she does not rule.”
3. Why do w e say that “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers”?
4. What is the essence of the political system in both the UK and the USA?
5. How does a bill become an act, or a law in the UK and in the USA?
6. Why do the British value their opposition party?
7. Why do the British exercise the two-party system?
8. Who cannot vote in the British general election and why?
9. What are the serious disadvantages in the British general election? What do you think of them?
10. What are the disadvantages of the primary election in the USA?
11. What is “the winner-take-all” principle?
12. Compare the British party system with the American party system igogo and the principle
英语专业考研英美概况笔记 Chapter 4 Economy and Foreign Relations
1. What is the difference between the function of nationalization in the UK and the function of government support in the USA?
2. Why couldn’t US economy avoid economic crises?
3. What are the features of the UK economy and the features of the US economy respectively? What is the difference between them?
4. Make a contrast between the agriculture in the UK and that in the USA.
5. Compare the industry in the UK with that in the USA.
6. What are the uses of corn in the US and why do the Americans use corn as forage as well?
7. Why do the Americans have the agricultural belts?
8. What are the characteristics of the British trade?
9. What are the striking contrasts between trade in the UK and that in the USA?
10. What is the function of the UK in the European Union?
11. What is the function of the UK in the NATO?
12. Comment on the relation between the USA and Russia.
13. Comment on the relation between the USA and the UK.
14. Comment on the relation between the USA and the PRC.
15. Why was there the Cold War?
英美概况英语专业考研复习线索Chapter 5 Culture
1. What are the problems of the British science?
2. Why did the American science develop so quickly?
3. What are the contributions that the UK has made in science?
4. In what fields does the USA take the lead in modern sciences?
5. What are the three symbols of technology?
6. Compare the elementary education of the UK with that of the USA.
7. Compare the secondary education of the UK with that of the USA.
8. Make a contrast between the higher education in the UK and that of the USA.
9. Make a contrast between the public school in the UK and the private school at the high school level in the USA.
10. What does “middle school” mean to an American?
11. D o you like “tutorial system” in the UK? Why or why not?
12. Compare BBC with NBC.
13. Make a comparison between the broadcasting system in the UK and that in the USA.
14. What are the features of the British press? Why is there no censorship of the British press?
15. Make a contrast between the Reuters and the Associated Press?
16. Why could the USA broadcast and televise the trans-Atlantic news after 1965?
17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of television. (??? –icywarmtea)
18. Why is cricket regarded as the most English of games?
19. What is the British sportsmanship? How do you like it?
20. Who introduced bowling into the USA? What do you think of it?
21. What are the popular sports in the UK and in the USA? Compare them.
22. What is an anthem? What is the difference between an anthem and a song?
23. How do you like the deleted stanza in God Save the Queen? Why do you think so?
24. What do you think of the rhyming in the national anthem of the USA?
25. Compare the national anthem of the UK with that of the USA.
26. Why do the British use Jack as part of the name of the national flag of the UK?
27. Why do the Americans use stars and stripes as the symbols of the USA?
英语专业考研英美概况复习资料Chapter 6 Social Life and Religion
1. What are the shared customs in the UK and in the USA?
2. What are the customs which only the USA possesses?
3. What are the customs which only the UK has?
4. How do yerror Royal Traditions?
5. Why do the British people like to talk about the weather?
6. Comment on the “Self-Made” man.
7. What holidays are shared holidays both in the UK and in the USA?
8. What holidays are the holidays that only the UK celebrates?
9. What holidays does the USA celebrate only?
10. Compare the Hyde Park in the UK with the Yellowstone National Park in the US.
11. What is the feature of Madame Tussaud’s?
12. Why is the New Year’s Day celebration different in England and in Scotland?
13. Why is it difficult and elastic to describe the social life in the UK and in the US?
14. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the UK?
15. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the USA? How do you like the aspects in terms of the social life in the UK and in the USA respectively?
16. Why is the rate of divorce in the US high? Can you make some comments on this issue?
17. How do you treat the gap between the poor and the rich?
18. What are the main features of the British worship?
19. Can you make a contrast between the features of American worship and those of British worship?
20. What is the British worship in general?
21. What is the American worship? Is there any similarity or difference between the British worship and the American worship?
22. Can you say something about the problems of religion in the USA
2013年考研英语新大纲新增的60个词汇 详
2013年考研英语新大纲新增的60个词汇详解 海天教育2012-09-14 专业外贸英语,英语口语,商务英语培训浸泡式外贸英语培训让您英语快速提升! 2013年考研大纲解析及复习指导”专题的相关链接【点击进入】 2013年考研的孩子们，你们好！2013年考研新大纲英语一和二今天（ 9 月14日）和大家见面了，宫东风英语团队第一时间为学生就13考研英语大纲 进行解析，新大纲删减许多词汇的同时新增60个词汇，新大纲应用文写作部 分删除了摘要写作要求，大家不用准备摘要了。英语二删除了阅读新题型中的 判断正误题型。别的方面没有改动。这充分体现了教育部考试中心的维护安定 团结以人为本的大方针。 近来，网上流传的新增700词，增加听力等新题型，阅读难度到专业八级 都是没有根据的，扰乱人心的…希望同学们以后在考研政策上对政府要有信任， 别信网上的谣传…考研的孩子，咱伤不起！ 目前，大家要认真反复精研真题，把真题读懂读透读熟读烂… 孩子们，加油！Never say die!
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）和（二） 考试大纲新增的60个词汇详解 1 accustom vt. 使习惯于(to)：~ oneself to rising early使自己习惯于 早起 / ~ sb. to sea life使某人习惯于海上生活 / ~ one's ears to the din使自己的耳朵适应喧闹声 2 alienate vt. 1使疏远，使不友好；离间；The management must never become ~d from the employees.管理层决不能脱离员工。 2【律】转让，让渡（财产等）3使转移；使转向 ?alienator n. 3 allegiance n. 1（对国家、政府、事业、个人等的）忠诚；效忠，忠贞：give ~ to效忠于 2（臣子对君主的）臣服义务 3（侨民对所居国政府的）效忠义务 4 ape n. 1无尾猿；类人猿 2猴 3粗野的大汉 4模仿者，学样的人 vt. 模仿，学…的样 adj. 〈口〉疯狂的；狂热的◇go ~〈口〉发疯；变得狂 热：go ~ over a girl为一个姑娘神魂颠倒 ?apelike adj. / aper n. 5 archaeology n. 1考古学 2（某民族的）文化遗迹，古迹 ?archaeological adj. / archaeologically adv. / archaeologist n. / archaeologize vi.
2.1常规作文 ◆社会热点 Practice1 Directions:Write on the following topic. Increasing numbers of people are virtually slaves to their schedules.We are not leading our lives,but merely following a dizzying timetable of duties,commitments and demands and options. Write an article in an appropriate style,giving reasons for your answer and including relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 【参考范文】 Stop Being Slaves to Schedules It is often said that people who has no plan for their work will easily mess up their life. Therefore,to some extent,a schedule is important.But if we over do it with a rigid schedule, there will also lay some disadvantages for our life. With a faster pace of social development,people have more work to do and more and more slaves to schedules show up.For these people,life is compared to a programmed computer.All they need to do is to do as the schedule.There will be little interest left and all the hours will become monotonous and dull.So,they are not working to live but living to work. Moreover,colorful life is the main source for personal creativity.If we fill our life up with a dizzying timetable of duties,commitiments and demands and options,how do we develop our innovation spirit and inject new blood for the improvement of society?Actually,improper schedules may even kill our passions for work with a lower and lower efficiency.These reverse effects are not what we want when planning the schedules. In general,we need a flexible schedule in which emphasis is equally distributed both on work and personal life.So,if you feel arrested by your timetable,stop to give proper freedom to a more qualified life style. 【范文点评】 随着当今社会生活节奏的加快，越来越多的人倾向于制定日程表然后严格执行。然而，日程表在带给人们便利的同时也让人们的生活日益机械化。本文是观点论述型的议论文。文中首先描述了人沦为日程表“奴隶”这一现象，进而指出其给人们生活产生不利影响这一事实，然后分析了导致这一现象的两个原因，最后提出解决措施。 【文海拾贝】 1．重点词汇和词组
考研英语复习攻略 英语备考不外乎单词，阅读和作文。 虽说考研大纲要求词汇量是五千，但是有一千多单词从未考过，还有一些大纲之外的单词频繁地出现。所以，为了提高背单词的效率，建议你尽快先把基础词汇背完，比如我用的何凯文的“必考词汇突破全书1575”。背单词时，一定有回忆的过程，比如回忆早晨背过哪些单词，昨天背过哪些单词等等。要知道，回忆一遍的效果印象深刻，比得上看十遍单词。我自己的习惯是把背过的单词写在白纸上，时不时地拿出来看看，回忆它们的中文意思，一旦回忆起来就很难忘掉。把两千个常考词汇背完之后，就去做真题的阅读题目，从2000年一直做到2017年，把真题中出现的词汇都要记下，其实你会发现有些陌生单词会出现不止一次，因为考研英语的阅读文章背景相似，都是关于西方社会、法律、政治、科技等主题，还都是来源于西方主流媒体刊物。一开始你可能会找不准作者的观点，是褒还是贬，是支持还是反对，但是不要丧失信心，多读这些文章就会对这些主题背景熟悉起来。我记得，我刚开始做阅读时就经常理解错作者的态度，导致我对文章似懂非懂。 初期在背单词的同时，要把基础的语法知识掌握好。当初，我由于在大学期间没有系统学习英语，语法知识早就忘光了，所以我先看了几遍“考研英语十二大基础语法体系”，才把高中的语法知识捡起来，然后才看的何凯文的“长难句解密”，进而把考研阅读中出现的长难句类型搞懂。考研阅读要自己做，自己分析文章的框架结构，自己分析复杂的句子，甚至是自己翻译全文，来提高自己的阅读能力和翻译能力。毕竟，把阅读水平提高上去，其余的部分如完形填空、新题型都顺带着解决了。真题的阅读文章数量少，不要做太猛，否则后期就没题目可做了。那些模拟的阅读文章的答案有些都很牵强，比如张剑的黄皮书，你可以看一看它们，增加自己的英文输入量，但是对于答案就别太较真了，毕竟不是出题人的解题思路。 关于大小作文，我是看的何凯文的“写作高分攻略”，里面的套路挺有效的，关键是要总结出自己的作文模版，知道每段的开头、中间和结尾要写什么，积累万能句子，用自己的模版写几篇不同的主题，以致于灵活应用。虽然自己总结的模版不能拿很高的分，但是可以让你在考场上有把握的写完，而且拿到一个中等偏上的分数。等到考研复习中期的时候，再开始准备作文吧，早期还是以单词和阅读为主，要知道，只有当英文输入量较大时才会产生有效的输出。 完形填空就别刻意准备了，我当初就没复习，毕竟每空才0.5分，建议考场上还是最后做完型吧。如果时间所剩不多的话，你就靠猜。你要是自己认真做的话，花费的时间太多，但正确率不高，而且分值低，还不如把时间放在阅读上。 考前一个月时，你可以做一些模拟卷、冲刺卷之类的，不要太纠结于做错的题，就当作练手，保持自己每天的阅读量，保持阅读的状态和感觉，还要积累一些写作热点话题的词汇表达，根据自己的情况，分配好各个题型的答题时间。 总而言之，单词是基础，阅读是关键。把握住阅读，英语才能上70分。你可以去关注何凯文的微博和微信公众号，当然，也可以是其他人的。
北外英语学院语言学专业414高分经验 曾经得到许多人的帮助，首先要感谢他们无私的支持.我的梦想终于实现了，初试成绩414，复试成绩86。除了高兴以外，更多的是对给与我力量和鼓励的所有人的感谢！我在前人栽的树下乘过凉，现在希望自己也能种上一棵小树，为后来的人带来一片荫凉. 我考的是英语学院的语言学 初试： 前辈们写过很多有关初试的帖子，如何复习各门功课，每个人都有各自不同的学习方法，最主要的是找到一个适合自己的方法，还有就是要脚踏实地，不能浮躁。在此。我写的也仅仅是我自己的看法，仅供借鉴。 基础英语的复习，以前我听人家说经济学家很好，于是我就买来一大堆，天天啃，但是说实话，还真是相当痛苦，而且效果不明显，因为我对经济方面的东西一点都不感兴趣，而且经济学家的经济类词汇量很大，几乎每次阅读的时候都是在锻炼我文曲星上的键盘，那是锻炼我自己啊？！后来我看了几天就放弃了，转而看些别的英文杂志，本人觉得《英语文摘》比较不错，我有订去年一年的《英语文摘》，当然这个月刊肯定是不够摄入量的，另外还会看些《中国日报》，《英语学习》，《21世纪》什么的。《21世纪》比较简单，纯当娱乐了。除了阅读以外，翻译的练习也很重要，我买了张培基的散文，还有八级的翻译题，每天都做一段，然后拿自己的译文跟他们的译文相比较，自己的译文不一定必须跟参考答案的一样，有时候你甚至会发现自己的译文比参考译文更好，当然，自己不如参考译文的地方便是应该学习、提高的地方。另外，我自己还经常温习备考专业八级时候用的八级词汇册，不知道有没有用，就是当个心理安慰，背单词最多还是在阅读的时候，碰到了不认识的就尽量背下来。 语言学的复习，我觉得仅仅看参考书目是不够的，不管是谁写的书，如果有时间的话，最好都买来看看，虽然讲的都是入门的知识，但是每本书都会从不同的角度来解释同一个理论或是知识，这样就加深了理解，所以说，不用背的，如果踏踏实实看完5、6本语言学方面的书的话，不记住都难了。当然，有的书跟别的书写的是一模一样的，也搞不清是谁抄了谁的，所以在买书的时候要先好好过滤。 日语的复习，基本上是把握住了标准日本语的前三本就够了，我也曾经老老实实地把初级和中级那四本书学完了，但是到复习的时候，我的第四本日语书都不知道被我扔到哪个爪哇国去了。所以学的都是前三本的知识，觉得是够用了的。我用的是旧版的标准日本语，其实新版和旧版的都一样，新版的单词量比较大一点，但是知识点基本上跟旧版的是一样的。另外，我觉得做日语题也是比较重要的，不然学到的知识很容易忘掉。刚开始学的时候，做的是跟标日配套的练习册，到了后期做的是日语二级题。北外历年的日语试题的难度跟国际日语考试的二级水平差不多，这是分析 真题得出的结论。 所以说真题的利用非常重要，要尽量熟悉真题，在复习的过程中才能有个大致的方向，有时候，学着学着，可能会觉得很茫然，这时候就应该看看真题了。到后期的时候，真题显得更重要了，不管之前是不是已经做过，每年的卷子都要掐时
2020年考研英语大纲词汇解析 2020年考研英语大纲已经公布，在词汇上面没有变动，大家能够 安心备考。下面咱们对大纲词汇做一总体分析：首先，是词汇的量的 问题。根据大纲规定，考生应掌握考研词汇和词组约5500个。并掌握 一些常用的前缀，词根和后缀。 首先，是词汇的量的问题。根据大纲规定，考生应掌握考研词汇 和词组约5500个。并掌握一些常用的前缀，词根和后缀。比如，即使《大纲》的词汇表中未列出“ultrasound”一词，但是因为词汇表中 有“sound”一词，且要求考生掌握的前缀中有“ultra”。故“unltrasound”一词也是考生应该掌握的词汇”。同样，“future” 是大纲中的词汇，多数同学也都理解，“ology”是列出的常见后缀， 那么“futurology”一词就应该在考生掌握的词汇量之内。绝大部分 考生对常用的词缀都有一定的了解，而对词根却很陌生。例如，如果 我们知道“scribe(script)”这个词根意为“write ,or draw”，呢 么当遇到“manuscript”，“subscribe”，“prescribe”等词时就 很容易理解和掌握。在美国读者文摘社出版的《如何扩大你的词汇水平》(How to Increase Your Word Power)一书，把词根，前缀、后缀 称为“扩大词汇的三把钥匙”。美国读者文摘社出版的《如何扩大你 的词汇水平》(How to Increase Your Word Power)一书，把词根，前缀、后缀称为“扩大词汇的三把钥匙”。这些也和我们大纲的要求不 谋而和。 其实是词汇质的问题，这涉及到一词多意，词的固定搭配等问题。 例如school这个单词考研就考过几次，考过鱼群的意思，考过流 派的意思。这就要求考生对词汇的本意要有彻底的理解。另外，考生 不但仅要注重词的“释义”，更要注重“用法”。比如单词green,能 够用作三种词性，分别为形容词、名词和动词，搭配和用法都有所不同。这些就要求考生在熟记词义的同时，必须要灵活掌握词汇在不同 语境中的灵活使用。
British Survey Test Part I Geography 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern D . western 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland D. Welsh 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey D. Severn 43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation. A. Scotland B. Northern Ireland C. Wales D. England 1.The capital of Australia is(). A.Canberra B.Sydney C.Darwin D.Melbourne The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from _______ A. Denmark B. Belgium C. The Netherlands D.France 3. Australia’s National Day falls on(), the date of the first European settlement in Australia. A.January 26 B.February 15 C.July 4 D.November 11 6.()granted Canada full legislative authority in domestic and external affairs. A.Peace Treaty B.British American Act C.Act of Union D.Statute of Westminster 8. General elections are held about every()years in New Zealand with two main parties competing with each other. A.3 B.4 C.2 D.5 9. Most of Canada’s French Canadians live in the Province of() A.Quebec B.Ontario C.Nova Scotia D.Saskatchewan
英语专业考研（基础写作讲义） 第一部分：写作的基本类型 1.各校真题 1.As the saying goes, “The more elaborate our means of communication, the less we communicate.” Do you agree with it? Why or why not? Write an essay of no leas than 200 words to comment on it. (200 words北航2009) 2.In this part you should write a composition of no less than 200 words. How Should College Students Prepare for Life? (北航2008) 3.In this part you should write a composition of no less than 200 words. You should argue reasonably, basing your argument on status quo and your background knowledge. What do Examinations to Children in China? (北航2007) 4.Write a composition of no less than 300 words on the topic below: A Dream: to Be a Civil Servant (南开大学2009) 5.Write a composition of about 500 words on the given topic below. China’s Environment Challenged by Rapid Economic Growth. （南开2006） 6.Write an argumentative essay under the following title, or designate one title by yourself, but you have to use the sentence as a proposition. You can rebut it, or argue for it. But you have to choose only one standpoint in arguing, Cyber Love is unreliable. 7.Please comment on the topic” Hope is One thing and Reality is Another.” In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis with appropriate details. Your thesis statement could be in agreement or disagreement with the topic. Marks will be awarded for organization as well as for syntactic variety and appropriate word choice. 8.How should college students prepare for life?(200 words, 北航2008) 9.You are required to write an article in English with the topic of “All that Glitters is not Gold” Your writing should contain a minimum of 300 words.(人大2006年) 10.Write an essay of 300 words to state your own opinion on the following topic. Give examples, either your personal observations and experiences or simply things you have read that would back up your view. Your writing will be assessed for language, content, organization and length. “Are Interpersonal Skills Important to Your Future Development?”(对外经贸大学2009) 11.Read the following topic. Write on your answer sheet a composition of about 200 words. Be sure to provide a title for your composition and write in paragraphs. Topic: The government of your country has announced that it has enough money to start one of the two programs: space exploration or food and clothing for the unemployed. Which do you think the government should spend lots of money on? 12.The government of your country has announced that it has enough money to start one of the two programs: space exploration or food and clothing for the unemployed. Which do you think the government should spend lots of money on?(200 words,二外2008)
考研英语二高分备考攻略总结 很多同学在考研之初就清楚自己考英语二，但是网上虽有很多文章谈英语一与英语二的区别，却很少有英语二考生的经验。下面分享一位考研英语二77分同学的经验。 过来人谈考研英语二77分复习心得 ?单词 1、2月份用网上软件“扇贝”把单词循环记忆过了一遍。 3月份开学，做模拟题时发现有的单词不能很快反应过来，于是继续背单词。这次背的是北大学姐推荐的“33天突破考研英语核心词汇”。背到6月底。期间肯定不是每天背，但是会要求更高点，每个单词尽量用记忆曲线来背。 7、8、9、10月，四个月，背“考研英语二核心词汇老蒋笔记”。 11、12月，回过头来把“33天突破考研英语核心词汇”上不太记得的抄在本子上。 考前几天凯程老师总结的必考词汇一点点东西打印下来扫一遍。 ?长难句 大三下整个学期，利用空余时间，把何凯文长难句那7个小时的视频看了3遍，按他的要求看他对应的那本薄薄一本的书。书后66句按照英译中、中译英的要求痛苦地做了第一遍。 暑假把长难句强化班视频看了1遍，按照要求背了十几句句子。 9月份开学66句中译英英译中第二遍。第二遍中翻译的特别不好的画圈。 11月份左右把画圈的翻译了第三遍。 ?新题型 11月份买了本书随便熟悉下就好了。 ?完型 我发现英语二完型，一年简单一年难。12年、14年非常简单，属于看一遍就知道他在讲什么。13年比较难做得很差，15年比较难。 完型部分没有准备，就把真题做了就上去了。 ?作文 我买过三本作文书。 但是，在此我只强烈推荐一本误打误撞买到的“2014考研英语写作秘籍”。此书纸质好，排版合理，语言风趣内容实在。 我只后悔直到12月10日才入手，前面买的两本实在让我看不下去。这本书拿到手用3个小时把整本书大概构架翻了一遍。做了一个任务分解，每天看一个小时左右，用了10天搞定。收获真心匪浅，建议可以提前买。 小作文：英语一、英语二要求一样。 大作文：英语二是图表作文，更为简单。理由是描述图表比描述图画简单，并且主题不容易偏。 小作文应对：只要背个开头结尾的模板，估计2个小时就能背出来。中间的东西怎么扩展，可以看我推荐的那本书。而且中间内容段真的很简单，不用太害怕。 大作文应对：看书+练习11年英语二大作文真题+网上批改网进行批改(70元左右)。没有背过一篇范文，但是就这么写一篇，帮助很大。我练习的时候，真的不知道怎么写，就边看那本书教你的东西，边写。写了一个小时，但是写完之后脱胎换骨地感觉，知道作文我该去怎么准备了。
英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.doczj.com/doc/6513855324.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
2019 考研英语大纲5500 词汇表 1.a[ei]art. 一( 个); 每一( 个);( 同类事物中) 任一个 2. a bandon['bndn]vt. 离弃，丢弃; 遗弃，抛弃; 放弃 3. a bdomen[b'dumen]n. 腹，下腹( 胸部到腿部的部分) 4. a batement['beitmnt]n. 减( 免) 税，打折扣，冲销 5. a bide['baid]vi.(abode ，abided)(by) 遵守; 坚持;vt. 忍受，容忍 6. a bility['biliti]n. 水平; 本领; 才能，才干; 专门技能，天资 7.able['eibl]a. 有( 水平、时间、知识等) 做某事，有本事的 8.abnormal[b'n ：ml]a. 反常的，不正常的，不规则的 9. a board['b ：d]ad.&prep. 在船( 飞机、车) 上;ad. 上船( 飞机、车) 10. a bolish['bli]vt. 废除( 法律、习惯等); 取消 11. a bound['baund]vi. 大量存有;(~in ，~with) 充满，富于 12. a bout['baut]ad. 在周围; 大约prep. 关于; 在周围a. 准备 13. a bove['bv]a. 上述的ad. 在上面, 在前文prep. 在.. 之上，高于 14. a broad['br ：d]ad. 到国外，在国外; 在传播，在流传 15. a brupt['brpt]a. 突然的，出其不意的;( 行为等) 粗鲁无礼的 16. a bsence['bsns]n. 缺乏，不存有; 缺席，不在场; 缺席的时间 17. a bsent['bsnt,b'sent]a. 缺席的; 缺乏的, 不存有的; 心不在焉的
英语国家概况复习要点 Part One UK The Country 1.Different Names for Britain and its Parts Name：England Britain Great Britain (GB/G.B.) British Isles British Empire The Commonwealth The United Kingdom(The UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geographically, the British Isles includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands Politically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland. 3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山) the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） 4.the longest river：The Severn River (塞文河) The most important river in Britain and the second longest river: Thames（泰晤士河） 5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh（内伊湖）( Northern Ireland) 6. Backbone of England：the Pennies（奔宁山脉） The people 7.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。 8.Basis of Modern English race? The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧者）from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代）Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人）in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） 9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state? ①.established 'Old English' ②.laid the foundations of the English state ③. divided the country into shires ④. created the 'Witan' to advise the King(the basis of the Cabinet) 10.different invaders? First invasion—In 55 BC, Julius Caesar Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain (recorded) Left—In 410, Germanic barbarian attack Rome, forcing Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending its occupation of the island History 9.Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” ? Sir Francis Drake 10. The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest (1066-1071) Fuse: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January, 1066. Harold was chosen to be king. William, Duke of Normandy, heard the news of Harold’s coronation, he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England because
考研英语作文范文155篇 (1)上大学的理由 1.People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, care 1.People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college, They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years. Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they’ve been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they’ve had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves. Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn’t relate to their career. I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in. (2)父母是最好的老师 2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific 2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers. Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children though the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child's freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent. Another problem is that parents may expect their children's interests to be similar to their own. They can't seem to separate from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to love science too. But what if their child's true love is art, or writing, or car repair? Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always rights. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social or technology changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don't really understand or value the digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own