现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。
在完成式中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作如buy，borrow,die,leave,begin,join等)不能与
表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状
态动词.
如：He borrowed a book two days ago.(用现在完成式表达）
He has kept the book for two days.
他持有这本书两年了。
1、他三年前买了一辆车。___________________________________
2、他两年前参了军。___________________________________
答案：1、He has had a car for three years.或He has bought a car. 或He bought a car three
years ago.
2、He has been in the army for two years.或He has joined the army.
He joined the army two years ago.
切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：
非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词
leave be away join be in/be a member o borrow keep open be open
buy have fall ill be ill
begin/start be on get up be up
die be dead catch a cold have a cold
move to live in come here be here
end／finish be over go there be there
come back be back get to/ arrive / reach be in
get to know know put on wear
go (get) out be out become be
His father has died.
His father has been dead for three years.
他父亲已经去世三年了。
She has joined the Party/League.
She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two months.
他已经入党/团两个月了。
The film has started/begun.
The film has been on/ lasted since 5 minutes ago.
电影已经开始5分钟了。
He has gone to Yangzhou.
He has been in Yangzhou for 3 days.
他已经去扬州三天了。
【习题】When Jack arrived he learned Mary __________ for almost an hour．(leave) 答案：had been away
瞬间动词转换成持续性动词 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与一段时间状语连用，须转换成持续性动词。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换的有： buy---have borrow---keep put on----wear catch/get a cold---have a cold come/go/become---be 等。 eg. 1.We have had the TV set for 3years. 2.I have kept the book for 2 weeks. 2.转换成be+名词的有： join the army----be a soldier join the Party----be a Party member go to school----be a student 等。 eg. 1.He has been a soldier for 5 years. 2She has been a student for 2 months. 3.转换成be+adj/adv. die—be dead finish—be over begin---be on leave---be away move----be out of
put on---be on open---be open close---be closed fall asleep------be asleep 等。 eg. He has been dead for 5 years. 4. 转换成be+介词短语 go to school----be in school join the army---be in the army 等。 eg. 1.She has been in the army for 2 years. 2.He has been in school for 9 years. 5.通过去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know---know begin to study---study come to work----work eg. 1.We have known each other for 10 years. 2.He has study Chinese for 2 years. *瞬间动词完成时的否定式已成为一种可延性状态，因此可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 eg. 1.I haven’t heard from her for 6 months. 2.I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。 例: He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点） 例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.
这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词： arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in) begin(start) → be on die → be dead come here（back）→be here（back） leave → be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→ be up go/ get out（there）→ be out（there） finish → be over put on → wear 或be on open → be open（keep sth. open） join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构 close → be closed go to school → be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold) → have(a cold)
现在完成时瞬间动词变成延续性动词练习 一、单项选择。 ( )1. We are late . The bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away ( )2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. have gone to ( )3. The factory ______ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )4.--How long _____ you _____ ill? -----For two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had ( )5. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D.keep ( )6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended ( )7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. taught ( )8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became ( )9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. am returned ( )10. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. left ( )11. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had ( )12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. buy 二、完成句子。 1.I moved to the USA last year.（同义句） I ________ ________ _______ the USA since _______ ________ . 2.His grandfather died five years ago.（同义句） His grandfather _________ _________ __________ __________ five years . 3.They borrowed it last week.（同义句）They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 4.I bought a pen two hours ago.（同义句）I _________ _________ a pen for ________ _________. 5. The film began two minutes ago.（同义句）The film _______ _______ _______ for ________ _______. 6.He left Fuzhou just now.（同义句） He _______ ________ ______ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. 7.The meeting finished at six.（同义句） The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 8. They married in 1995.（同义句） ①They ________ ________ __________since _________. ②They ________ ________ __________for _________ __________. 9.His brother joined the army three years.（同义句） His brother________ _________ ________ the army _______ _______ _______ _______. 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived / got to/reached \come/gone/→have been in .…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close d/open 6.have woken/woken up→have been awake 7. have died → have been dead； 8. have left ... → have been away from ... 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 11. have married → have been married； 12. have joined ...→ have been in ...\have been a member of... 13. have begun\started → have been on 14. have borrowed/len t →have kept 15. have caught /go t a cold → ha ve had a cold； 16. have bought →have had\owned 17. have moved to ...→have been\lived in /at ...
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达 方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986. 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. have gone to 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have left 6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended 7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. taught 8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. am returned 10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. did, died 11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. buy 13. -----How long _____ you _____ ill? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had 14. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. left 15. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take D. took 16. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been D. is 17. Are you _____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on 18. He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up D. is up 19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had 20. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段为。。。。时间 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead Buy---have Fall ill---be ill Come back---be back Put on ---be on/wear Worry---be worried Catch a cold---have a cold ……………… ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变成延续性动词 一、for\since: 1)for+一段时间，常常可以发现for+数字，for three months for a long time for many years 2)Since+时间点，常常可以发现 a. since+月份，年份，表示时间的几点since September since 1990 since 7 o’clock b. since+一段时间+ago；since two years ago since ten months ago c. since+ last+.... since last month since last year 二、现在完成时的结构式has\have done 请注意第三人称：she\he\人名...+has 三、当句子为肯定句，且居中出现for\since的时候，句中的时态要用现在完成时，且句中的动词要用延续性动词。 当句子为否定句时，句中的动词可以为瞬间动词，表示某个动作不发生的状态已经持续了...... 四、在有for\since的现在完成时的从句中，如何将瞬间动词转换成延续性动词 以borrow——keep为例子 They borrowed it last week. They have kept it since last week. 分析： 1）我们已经知道现在完成时的标志就是has\have done，因此第一步就是看主语，主语时They，我们选择have done。 2）因为borrow——keep.而keep——过去分词：kept，因此，have borrowed就需要改成have kept. 3）Since后面只能接时间点，而last week就是一个时间点，因此，since后面直接填写last week。 五、常考的瞬间动词： 原形过去式过去分词动词原形动词过去分词 1.die--be dead die died died be dead been dead 2.borrow--keep borrow borrowed borrowed keep kept 3.leave--be away from leave left left be away from been away from 4.buy--have buy bought bought have had 5.begin--be(on) begin began begun be been 6.join--be a member of join joined joined be a member of been a member of be in join joined joined be in been in 7.become--be become became become be been
瞬间动词与延续性动词 “瞬间动词”又叫终止性动词、点动词，表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时的句子中，瞬间动词不能直接与for/since 连用，需要转换成“延续性动词”。常用的请见5BP17表格。 Exercises 一、改错：横线划出错误的部分，并在后面的横线上改正。 1. How long have you begun to study English? ________________________ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ________________________ 3. The river has become very dirty since last August.___________________ 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ___________________________ 5. He has gone out for two years. ________________________ 二、选择 （）1. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died （）2. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for （）3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago （）4. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
Worksheet for grammar (8B Unit 2) 1. Work out the rule(s): 这样的时间状语时，句中的谓语动词要用__________（延续性/瞬间）动词或be+__________来表示状态。 2．Study the form. Pay special attention to the changes. 瞬间动词（词组）延续性动词 （词组） 瞬间动词 （词组） 延续性状态 [be+(adj.，adv.，prep.)] buy have/has had arrive /come/go have/has been (in/at) borrow have/has kept come back have/has been back catch a cold have/has had a cold leave have/has been away (from) receive a letter have/has had a letter join have/has been in/ a member of die have/has been dead begin/start have/has been on (放映，进行) stop/finish/end have/has been over open have/has been open close have/has been closed fall ill have/has been ill fall asleep have/has been asleep get up have/has been up get married have/has been married make friends have/has been friends 1. Work out the rule(s):
延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 leave—been away from buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be married finish--be over become--be come / go to —be in / at arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / at join + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have. －When did you have it? －At seven thirty. 注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如： How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago.
延续动词与非延续动词的转换练习 一、单项选择 （）1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away （）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in （）3. The factory _______ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （）4. Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （）5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left （）6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over （）7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught （）8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became （）9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned （）10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead （）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept （）12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had （）13. -----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been （）14. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from （）15. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take （）16. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been （）17. Are you _____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on （）18. He ________ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up （）19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had （）20. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep Key: 1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D 二、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词 ①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./ at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________. 2) I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________. 3) I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________. 4) They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________. ②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out