牛津小学英语5A英语
语法及练习
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牛津小学英语5A英语语法及练习
There be结构
1、 there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”。这种句子结构中的there是一个引导词，本身没有词义。be是谓语动词，be根据后面所及主语的不同而用is或are，地点或时间通常放在句子的最后。
2、 there be结构中，be在人称和数上应该与主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。如：There is a book on the desk. There are some books on the desk.
3、若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，也就是通常所说的“就近原则”。如：
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. There are ten students and a teacher in the classroom.
4、在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语提到句首。如：In the tree there are five birds
5、There be的否定句：there be的否定句式通常在be动词后加not ，如果句中有some，要变成any。如：there are some children in the picture. 画上有一些小孩
6、There be的一般疑问句：仍然采用“一调二改三问号”的方法。把some变成any。
语法及练习8 There be句型与have, has
There be句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s + 介词短语？
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________ 8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________ 10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________a story-book. 12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents. 20. ______________many children on the hill.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet.
2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks.
4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike.
7. Her mother___________a vase. 8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball. 10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts. 12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football. 14. What do you__________
15. What does Mike__________ 16. What do your friends___________
17. What does Helen___________ 18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll. 20. Miss Li__________an English book.
现在进行时
1、现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词。
2、现在分词的构成：
（1）大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing：sweep-sweeping；drink-drinking
（2）如果动词以不发音的e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,：come-coming；have-having；make-making
（3）请记住，下列单词要双写最后的辅音字母：swim—swimming；let-letting；put-putting；run-running；sit-sitting；forget-forgetting
3、现在进行时的否定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing. They aren’t writing.
4、现在进行时的一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing Yes, you are . / No, you aren’t.
Are they writing
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句及回答：特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing We are playing basketball.
6、现在进行时表示现在正在发生的事情，往往与now、look、listen等词连用。
We are waiting for you now. What are you doing?
Look! He is opening the window．
一般现在时
1、动词第三人称词形变化（与名词的复数相近）
多数在动词后加s：play-plays；like-likes；
以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es：go-goes；wash—washes；
以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es：fly-flies；study—studies。
2、动词be和 have的变化形式
“我”用am，“你”用are，is用于“他、她、它”
除了第三人称单数用has外，其它人称一律用have。
如：I (We，You, They) have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. .
3、否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分
He doesn’t have a dog. We don‘t like the little cat.
4、一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分
Do you like it Yes, I do. / No. I don‘t.
Does he (she) like it Yes, he ( she )does. / No, he (she) doesn’t.
5、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
What does he haveWhat do you do on Sunday?
代词
1、代词的种类：
（1）人称代词主格：I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they。在句子中作主语，通常放在句首。在疑问句中，通常放在第二位。如：I am a boy.
（2）人称代词宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them。在句子中作宾语，通常放在动词或者介词之后。Can you help me.
（3）物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their。通常放在名词前，不能单独使用。
They are their teachers. Please give them some flowers.
（4）指示代词：this , that , these , those。前面两个表示单数，后面两个表示复数。如果作为限定词，都可以用the来替代。
（5）疑问代词：who, what, whose, which
2、在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they 放在最后。简单记成：单数2、
3、1，复数1、2、3。都是第三人称单数，女后男在先。例如：
You and I can help each other
You, Tom and I are leaving next month.
We, you and they should go there together.
重要语法规则
以下一些语法规则要记牢：
1. like后面的可数名词一般用复数形式，但有his，this，her等限定词的除外。
如：I like apples. I like white shoes. We like this apple.
2. like后面的动词一般用它的ing形式。如：I like swimming. I like watching cartoons.
3. 在以may，can, will, shall 开头的疑问句中，后面的动词必须用原形。
如：Can you find it May I come in
4. 祈使句开头通常有please，let’s，don’t等词，后面的动词必须用原形。
如：Please give me some pens. Don’t draw on your book. Let’s go to the zoo.
5. To不作介词用时，后面的动词用原形。
如：I’d like to buy a car. Show me how to make it.
6. 在疑问句中，does后面的动词必须用原形。
如：Does he have a knife What does she want to do today?
语法及练习1 be动词
Be动词的用法：
(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a C hinese Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy. 22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England 24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree. 26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
语法及练习2人称代词和物主代词
人称代词和物主代词
1．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2．物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。
一.填写代词表主格。
二.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________ ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________ ( you )
8. Show _________ your kite, OK (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
10. Are these ________ tickets No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall
_________ have a look at that classroom That is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job _________ a nurse. ( she )
13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14. Where are _________ I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )
18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )
19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he )
20. May I sit beside _________ ( you )
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ）
22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
语法及练习3名词复数和动词三单
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
练习：写出下列各词的复数。
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ book_______
child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ people________
二．动词三单的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
练习:写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________
have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______
plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ teach_______
语法及练习4一般现在时
一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike
2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如：- Do you often play football
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：- Does she go to work by bike
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _____(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _____(be) it today
－It’s Saturday.
二、按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) ___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
语法及练习5现在进行时
现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________ make__________ go_________
like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________
sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________
love_________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football in the playgrou nd .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________