2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：虚拟语气（新人教版）用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
(一)if主从句中的虚拟语气
【完成例句】
(1)如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I were you, I should accept the invitation.
(2)如果我有空，我就去那儿。
If I had time, I would go there.
【结论1】
【完成例句】
(3)如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus.
(4)如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.
【结论2】
【完成例句】
(5)万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
(6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break.
【结论3】
【疑难1】
含蓄虚拟句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等词的句子)
【例句观察】
Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water. )
I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (＝I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me.)
I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book.
(＝If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. )
【疑难剖析1】含有without / but for，otherwise / or等词的句子谓语结构等同于if主从句中主句的谓语结构。
【疑难2】
含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句
Had they had time(＝If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.
Should it be fine(＝If it should be fine)，we would go for an outing.
Were I you(＝If I were you), I would go.
【疑难剖析2】含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句，在正式或书面语言
中可将if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，变为部分倒装。
【疑难3】
if混合虚拟条件从句(即主从句分别与不同的事实相反)
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital.
【疑难剖析3】if假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
(二)用虚拟语气，从句中谓语时态相应推后(即用相应的过去时态)的五种句型
【完成例句】
(7)他多么希望自己是只鸟。
How he wishes that he were a bird.
(8)我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。
I wish I had seen the film last night.
(9)我们希望有一天能住在月球上。
We wish we would live on the moon one day.
【结论1】在动词wish引导的宾语从句中，表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟语气。
【完成例句】
(10)我宁可你现在不在我身边。
I would rather you were not here with me now.
(11)我宁可你没做过那件事。
I would rather you hadn't done that.
【结论2】would rather / prefer ＋that－从句(从句用虚拟语气)
【完成例句】
(12)她英语说得好像她就是纽约本地人一样。
She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.
【结论3】as if / though ＋从句中谓语用相应的过去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。
【完成例句】
(13)要是你没告诉我那个消息就好了。
If only you hadn't told me the news.
【结论4】if only (要是……就好了)，句中谓语用相应的过去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。【完成例句】
(14)我本来可以帮你忙的，即使我当时很忙。
Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.
(15)即使我现在能跑，我也不会那样做。
Even if I might run, I wouldn't do that.
【结论5】even if / though 从句中的虚拟
(三)从句中所用的虚拟语气结构为should ＋动词原形，should可以省略。
【例句观察】
The doctor suggests I (should) exercise every day.
医生建议我每天做运动。(宾语从句)
It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day.
我被建议每天做运动。(主语从句)
The doctor's suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. 医生给我的建议是每天做运动。(表语从句)
The doctor's suggestion that I (should) exercise every day sounds reasonable. 医生要我
每天做运动的建议听起来挺合理的。(同位语从句)
【结论1】名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)＋动词原形。
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order, command (名词是order, recommendation)
三个建议：advise, suggest，propose(名词是advice, suggestion, proposal)
四个要求：demand, require, request, desire(名词是demand, requirement, request, desire) 注意：1. suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气；
如：His face suggested that he was very sad.
2. insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气；
如：The man insisted my little brother was a thief.
【例句观察】
我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。
It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer science.
你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。
It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.
他竟然是名医生，我们很惊讶。
We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.
【结论2】虚拟语气用在“It's＋形容词/ 名词＋that…”这类句型中，表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩，此时，从句用should ＋动词原形/ should ＋have done (表示动作在过去已经发生)，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。
①It is important / necessary / strange / surprising / funny / natural ＋that－从句
②It is a pity / a shame / an honour / no wonder that－从句
③主语＋be ＋sorry / disappointed / surprised ＋that－从句
【例句观察】
以防错过第一班车，我们一大早就起床了。
①We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.
②We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.
【结论3】在in case, for fear (that), lest等引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。
(四)几种特殊用法
1. 某些简单句的固定句型
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
2. 某些固定的词组和句型
①was / were supposed to have done 理应做……
②was / were to have done 本计划做……
③had thought / beli eved…，but…本以为……
④had planned / intended…，but…本计划……，本打算……
⑤had wished / hoped…，but…本希望……
⑥It's (about / high)time that－从句，某人该做某事了
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
2019届高考英语一轮复习语法部分专项训 练1 1. They hadn’t been out for long __________ she felt sick in the stomach. A. as B. when C. while D. though 2. The work should be given to _____________ you think can finish it ahead of time. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 3. The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ___________ to the customers today. A. to deliver B. delivering C. deliver D. delivered 4. Can you ____________ the differences between the two pictures? A. tell B. talk C. speak D. say 5. If you keep practicing your son in football，he ___________ to be a football player. A. wants B. hopes C. wishes D. promises 6. __________ singer and ___________ dancer is also good at drawing. A. The；a B. The；the C. A；a D. The；/ 7. __________ the fact that there was thick fog，he drove his car out. A. Although B. No matter C. Despite D. In spite 8. Mary smiled _____________ her mother did when she was Mary’s age. A. as if B. what C. the way D. that 9. In such dry weather，the flower will have to be watered if they _____________. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 10. You should make it a rule to leave things ______________ you can find them again easily. A. when B. where C. that D. in the place 11. The cloth ___________ fine，but _____________ well. A. looks；doesn’t wash B. looks；isn’t washed C. is looked；doesn’t wash D. is looked；isn’t washed 12. The theory that he stuck _____________ true. A. to prove B. proved C. to proved D. to proving 13. I ___________ from the crowed an old friend of mine whom I hadn’t seen for 10 years. A. figured out B. picked out C. gave out D. went out 14. –Who gave you this message? --A man ___________ himself Mr Zhang.
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和 后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是 将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
实用英语虚拟语气的解析及其用法讲解 在当前英语语法当中，有一些学生总结的几个难点语法，其中之一就是虚拟语气，怎样判断出句子使用了虚拟语气，是哪一种形式的虚拟语气是学生无法清楚掌握的难点。本文从虚拟语气的定义到各种形式都进行了详细的讲解和分析，并针对各种形式的用法都进行了分析和举例，讲解明白，以帮助学生们能更好地了解和掌握英语语法中这个难学的语言现象。 标签：英语虚拟语气；定义；用法；分析及举例 一、虚拟语气的定义（Subjunctive Mood） 在我们了解什么是虚拟语气前，大家首先要弄清楚英语的语气表达，也就是英语学习中我们都会用到哪些语气。英语中的语气（Mood）可以分为：1The Indicative Mood（陈述语气）；2The Interrogative Mood（疑问语气）；3The Imperative Mood（祈使语气）；4The Subjunctive Mood（虚拟语气）4类。陈述、疑问、祈使语气在本文中就不再过多阐述。而我们在这里重点讲解虚拟语气。什么是虚拟语气呢？虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。 二、虚拟语气的判断及用法 （一）if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 if条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：1与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+过去分词”。 2与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should（would，could，might）+动词原形”。 3与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should（wereto）+动词原形”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+动词原形”。 （二）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断 A：表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：
高考英语第一轮复习（语法）——情态动词 1、情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如： Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如： Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isn’t he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大) — He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小) ②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：He says we may leave. He said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。 Yes, you can / may. —May / Might I use your bike? — No, you mustn’t （3）must
虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(In dicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，女口：How beautiful she is!则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Do n't hurry up则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8 —7。 虚拟语气的构成 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表
1语法辨析 In correct: If I was a girl, I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl, I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。 In correct: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I were you I should n't worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should或would加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。 In correct: God forgives you! Correct: God forgive you! 这里的主语God是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加s是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是forgive前有一助动词should, May 等, 但在口语中将其省略了。如：May you be happy祝你幸福。 In correct: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday we would have gone to the zoo
虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气 英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indiative d）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。 2. 祈使语气（The Iperative d） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subuntive d） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如： If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) shuld+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如： If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气
系列一:句子成分 Ⅰ学前诊断 从A.B.C.D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. 1. _____________were all very tired, but none of ________ would stop to take a rest. A. We; us B. Us; we C. Us; us D. We; we 2. I never feel _______ while I am sitting in Richard’s car. A. safely B. being safe C. safe D. safety 3. I, who ________ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your studies. A. being B. am C. are D. is 4. ----What happened to Jack? ----Oh dear, he fell off his bike and hurt __________. A. him B. his C. he D. himself 5. The old piano is ________ thing in my house. A. the valuable only B. the only valuable C. only the valuable D. valuable the only 6. _________ at the examination results, the top student sat there in silence. A. Disappointed B. Disappointing C. To disappoint D. Disappoint 7. Walking along the river, we heard someone ________ for help. A. shout B. shouting C. shouted D. having shouted 8. _________ they said sounds reasonable. A. That B. Which C. What D. How 9. We will do _________ to reduce the costs. A. possibly everything B.everything possibly C. possible everything D. everything possible 10.My parents won’t _______ me play computer games even on Saturday evenings. A. let B. allow C. permit D. agree
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对