湖南工学院英语专业“专升本”《英语写作与翻译》
考试大纲
一．考试要求
掌握一定的写作与翻译知识和技巧，正确运用标点符号，语法，修辞，翻译理论等方面知识。所写文章应格式正确、结构合理、观点明确、语言得体、内容切实、语法正确、语言通顺，并能写多个常见的应用文类型。要求读懂英语国家出版物中的中等难度的文章和材料，并在理解的基础上对其进行翻译，要求译文忠实于原文，表达流畅。在规定时间内，根据命题的类型与要求，进行句子文体判断，改正句子错误，判断句子修辞手法，并写出规定词数的短文、摘要及便条,翻译相关的句子和短文，进行英汉互译。
二．考试内容
根据要求，改正句子错误，判断句子文体类型，判断句子的修辞手法，并能根据作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，在30分钟内写出长度为150-200个单词左右的短文，内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚，语法正确，语言能顺，表达得体；并能根据提示在10分钟内写出长度为50—60个单词左右的应用文，如便条、通知和请帖。在规定时间内翻译句子和短文。要求学生翻译一定难度的句子或段落。题型：英译汉、汉译英。
三．考试题型
写作部分考试为主观试题，题型主要有：修辞手法、单句改错、文体判断、写便条或摘要、文章写作。翻译部分为主观试题,题型主要有:句子翻译、诗歌翻译、短文翻译。试卷共150分。
四、考试时间：120分钟
写作试卷结构
试卷总分：75分
试卷内容比例：1．文体判断： 10
2．修辞手法: 20
3．句子改错： 5
4．小作文写作： 10
5．大作文写作： 20
6. 便条写作: 10
参考教材：
1、丁往道：英语写作手册，外语教学与研究出版社，2001
2、罗德芬：新潮大学英语写作教程，复旦大学出版社，2010
翻译试卷结构
试卷总分：75分
试卷内容比例：1．广告翻译： 10
2．诗歌翻译: 15
3．短文英译汉： 20
4．短文汉译英： 30
参考教材：
（1）方梦之，毛忠民：英汉-汉英应用翻译综合教程，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2008 （2）方梦之：实用文本汉译英，青岛：青岛出版社，2003
写作样卷
Part ⅠThe formal style/informal style identification(5×2′)
Directions: In this part, there are 5 sentences. Please identify which one is for-mal, and then you can write an “F”on the Answer Sheet. If not, please write an “I”on the Answer Sheet.
1. You’d better lock in the best exchange rates and buy foreign currency before you leave.
2. Governor Wallace of Alabama died and went to heaven. After entering the pearly gates, he walked up to the door of a splendid mansion and knocked. A voice inside exclaimed, “Who’s that?”Wallace shook his head sadly and said, “Never mind. I’ll go to the other way.”
3. Up and up he soars, and for one brief moment he is frozen in time, suspended motionlessly over the crossbar in a blinding bath camera flash.
Part ⅡFigures of speech identification(10×2′)
Directions: There are 10 sentences in the following part. Please identify what fi gures of speech are used in the sentences and write the right answers on the Answer Sheet.
1.The girl is thin, pale and delicate in health.
2. This boy was undoubtedly a difficult pupil, for he had a strong independent mind, and was not impatient of accepted rules and conventions.
3. This momentous decree came as a great beacon of hope to millions of Negro slaves.
Part Ⅲ Rewriting(5×1′)
Directions: In the following sentences, there are some mistakes. Please write th
e correct sentences on the Answer Sheet.
1. Our university was beautiful and it left a deep impression on the visitors.
1.Since her mother is a musician, she has chosen that for her career.
3. I waited and waited, and then I began to feel drowsy.
4. If one wants to take the postgraduate course, you had better start planning ahead.
5. It suddenly turned cold. Some of the girls came from the South. They found it trying.
PART IV Compositon(1×10′)
Write a compostion about one person. You can write any one, such as a star, your friends, your parents, and even yourself. You should write at least 100 words on the Answer Sheet.
PART V Writing(1×20′,1×10′)
SECTION A COMPOSITION
Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. What is your opinion?
Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?
You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
PARTⅥNOTE-WRITING
Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You’ve read on the notice board that the university library is looking for a par t-time library assistant who can work at weekends. You think that your classmate, George, is a suitable person for this vacancy. Write him a note, telling him w hat you know about the vacancy and trying to persuade him to go for an interview Marks will be awarded for content organization, grammar and appropriacy.
翻译样卷
Part One (10’)
·Translate the following items into Chinese.
1.Just do it!
2.No business too small, no problem too big!
3.East or west, Zhanggong is the best!
4.Time Inc. say Life is coming back, and if Life returns, can Look be far behind?
5.Tasting is believing.
Part Two (15’)
Translate the following poem into Chinese.
AUTUMN
A touch of cold in the autumn night
I walked abroad
And saw the ruddy moon lean over a hedge
Like a red-faced farmer
I did not speak but nodded
And round about were the wistful stars
With white faces like town children
Part Three (20’)
Translate the following essay into Chinese.
Financia A university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public mind, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving
enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilitating the exercise of political power, and refining the intercourse of private life. It is the education which gives a man a clear consciousness view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility. It shows him how to accommodate himself with others, how to throw himself into their state of mind, how to bring before them his own [state of mind], how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them.
Part Four (30’)
Translate the following essay into English.
埃及在阿拉伯世界的中心，并发挥了在该地区的近代政治局势的核心作用。经过三年的战争在1948年，1967年和1973年，和平是实现在1979年导致埃及的阿拉伯联盟驱逐（他们在1991年恢复）与以色列。埃及自起到了中东和平进程发挥重要作用。
古埃及金字塔是奴隶制帝王的陵墓，最宏大的当为吉萨三座大金字塔。塔基呈方形，每边长230米，高146米，用230余万块巨石(每块平均重达2.5吨)垒成，国王墓室用一块400吨重的石板垒成。整体规模雄伟壮观，设计科学，构造复杂，历时30年建成。古希腊时即被称为世界七大奇迹之一，1980年列入世界遗产名录。
矗立在埃及沙漠中吉萨的三座大金字塔建于4000年前，它们一直都是有史以来最宏大的建筑。
金字塔是埃及人在他们的领袖——名为法老——的命令下建造的。在公元前2615年左右，几任法老相继统治埃及，基奥普斯法老建造了有史以来最大的金字塔——大金字塔，也被称为胡夫金字塔。胡夫金字塔每边长770英尺，高481英尺。古代的建筑者是如何建造这些庞然大物的，这一直是个未解之谜，但很明显它需要付出大量的脑力和体力。
法老们的初衷是为自己建造豪华的陵墓，而最终他们创建的却是昭示人类潜能的纪念碑。金字塔蕴含着一种共同的信息，金字塔属于埃及，但它也属于世界。因此我们完全可以把金字塔作为展示人类伟大文明的早期纪念物。
高考英语作文及翻译集 锦 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
高中英语作文范文及翻译集锦 (1) 一、议论类 (3) 自行车还是汽车 (3) 吸烟与健康 (4) 空余时间的利用 (5) 理想的朋友 (6) 保持水源清洁..7 水污染..8 看电视是一件好事情吗.. 9 怎样与人相处 (11) 保持健康的方法 (12) 火灾原因 (13) 我们必须面对失败 (14) 金钱能买来幸福吗.. 15 不吃早餐不好.. 16 电子游戏 (17) 二、记叙类 (20) 李明是怎样保持健康的 (20) 真正的美 (21) 一颗闪亮的星 (22) 三、其他类 (26) 一、议论类 Bikes or Cars
Americans like to go out by car. Although more and more Chinese own cars,most Chinese still like to ride bicycles, This is determined by a lot of factors. As we all know, the bike advances slowly by manpower, but it can be placed wherever it is convenient However, as for the car, although it can run fast by engine, it must be parked at parking places. Most Americans live in the suburb which is far from urban areas and their working places. So they need cars to go shopping and go to work. And they also like traveling far. Thus a car brings them great convenience. On the contrary, most Chinese live near their working areas and markets. They don't need a car to go to work or go shopping. I would like to ride a bike, because it costs little and it is easy to use and won't cause pollution. 自行车还是汽车 美国人喜欢乘汽车外出。尽管越采越多的中国人拥有了汽车，但大部分中国人仍喜欢骑自行车，这是由很多因素决定的。 众所周知，自行车靠人力，行进慢，但可以在方便的地方停放。然而对于汽车来说，虽然它依靠发动机行进很快，但它必须停在停车场。 多数美国人生活在郊区，远离市区及工作地点，所以他们需要汽车来购物、上班，并且他们也喜欢驾车远行。因此汽车给他们提供很大方便。相反，多数中国人居住在工作地点和市场附近，他们不需要开车去上班或购物。 我喜欢骑自行车外出，因为它花费少而且容易使用。最重要的是自行车不会引起污染。 Smoking And Health Today smoking is a widespread habit ali over the world. Not only the old, the youth, but also middle school students have been engaged in smoking. Many of them think that smoking is a smart symbol. However, smoking is harmful to one's ,health. It contributes a lot of lung cancer, from which many people have died in the past years. It can also cause many other diseases. In a word, if you smoke, you do h ave a much greater chance of losing your health. Furthermore, scienti fic research shows that smoking is not only harmful to smokers themse lves, but also a threat to public health, especially to women and chi ldren. Therefore, many countries have made laws forbidding smokers to smoke m public places such as cinemas, stations, hospitals, and so o
英语作文万能句子带翻译 【篇一】英语作文万能句子带翻译 1. 至于我，在某种水准上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that …… 2. 总来说之，整个社会应该密切注重……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。不过把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)…… But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while…… Comparing this wit h that, however, I prefer to…… 4. 就我个人来说，我相信……，所以，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…… 5. 随着社会的发展，……。所以，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the developme nt of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
巧用高考真题写作素材提高高考英语书面表达之单句翻译练习 针对部分同学表达能力差的问题，本翻译练习有助于基础差的学 生提高词汇和地道的英文表达能力。请同学们认真翻译句子，不要直译，并标出各个句子的谓语动词，减少中式表达！认真体会高级用法！有易到难，可以先练习完成句子，积累到一定程度再练习单句翻译， 学会仿写。 完成句子 1．如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。 Find ways to praise your children often，and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. 2．直到跟两个学生交谈之后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因 素之一。(2015·湖南) Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 3．生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。(2015·重庆) Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. 4．发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。 Finding the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level. 5．在高峰时刻开车很累。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
英语写作与翻译常用连接词及句型 1. 表示罗列增加 First, secondly, thirdly,…finally For one thing … for another…， On （the）one hand…on the other hand， 2. 表示时间顺序 First, …then / next,…. after that / next…., finally now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till，not…until，before，after，when，while，as during， 3. 表示解释说明 for example, for instance, in this case, in fact, actually 4. 表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the
other, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, 5. 表示并列关系 or，and，also，too，not only … but also，as well as，both… and，either …or，neither…nor 6. 表示因果关系 because，because of，since，now that，as，thanks to…，due to…，therefore，as a result （of），otherwise，so…that，such…that, consequently, accordingly 7. 表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 8.表示让步关系 although, after all , though, even though, in spite of, despite, 9.表示递进 Besides / what‘s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also， 10.表示比较 be similar to，similarly，the same as，in contrast，compared with （to）…， in the same way , likewise , equally 11.表示目的
高考英语励志与写作经典句子 1、学习时的痛苦是暂时的，未学到的痛苦是终生的。 Time the study pain is temporary, has not learned the pain is life-long. 2、没有一种不通过蔑视、忍受和奋斗就可以征服的命运。 No one can conquer fate without contempt, suffering and struggle. 3、让我们将事前的考虑，换为事前的思考和计划吧。 Let us consider the ex-ante, and change it into thinking and planning in advance. 4、三年我誓要把高考踩在脚低下！ Three years i vow to step on the foot of the low entrance! 5、不逼自己一把，怎么知道你有多优秀。 Don’t force yourself, how to know how good you are. 6、空想会想出很多绝妙的主意，但却办不成任何事情。 A dream will come up with a lot of wonderful ideas, but it will not do anything. 7、与诚信携手同行，跟欺诈挥手道别。 Hand in hand with integrity, waving goodbye to fraud. 8、保持平常心，营造好环境，扬起常笑脸，轻松迎高考。
To maintain a normal heart, to create a good environment, raising often smiling face, easy to welcome the college entrance examination. 9、有志者自有千计万计，无志者只感千难万难。 There is own thousands of millions, there are only extremely difficult. 10、冲刺拼搏，在前进中寻找乐趣。 To work hard, to find pleasure in moving forward. 11、再长的路，一步步也能走完，再短的路，不迈开双脚也无法到达。 A long way, a step by step can be completed, and then a short road, do not stride feet can not reach. 12、沉着应战，哪怕考题深似海。 Calmly, even questions like the deep sea. 13、不要自卑，你不比别人笨。不要自满，别人不比你笨。 Do not feel inferior, you are not stupid than others. don't be complacent, others are not stupid. 14、你想是怎样的人，你就是怎样的人;你想成为怎样的人，你就会离这个目标不会太远。 What kind of person you want to be, what kind of person you are, what you want to be, you will not be far away from the goal. 15、遇到会做的题：仔细；遇到不会做的题：冷静。
高考英语满分作文精选一(附翻译) 假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。 【例文】 Dear David, I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well. Hope to see you soon in Beijing. Yours, Wang Ming 【翻译】 亲爱的大卫， 我很高兴你会来北京学习中文。中国是非常有益的，许多外国人正在学习，现在。这很难为你，因为它是相当的英语不同。你要记住尽可能多的中国话。同样重要的是做一些阅读和写作。你可以看电视，听广播练习你的听力。你最好不要谈论与中国人民。你可以学习汉语，不仅从书本上，而且从你周围的人。如果您有任何问题，请问我。我敢肯定你会学好中文。希望能尽快看到你在北京。 此致， 王明
高考英语作文加分的100个必备好句子（附译文+同类句型） 1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 同样句型包括：It is important/（necessary, difficult, convenient, possible）for sb. to do sth. 2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 (1)The+比较级..., the+比较级... (2)比较级+and+比较级（The world is getting smaller and smaller.） 3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。 类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can… 4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday. 记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。 5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic 我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。 6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful. 人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。 7. I had a great first impression of American people. 我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。 8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem. 我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。
音卓教育培训高考英语作文万能模板 一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分： How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分： Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分： All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late. 结束语部分： Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you. 三、议论文模板 1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入： 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
2015高考英语满分作文范文及翻译（1） 假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。 【例文】 Dear David, I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well. Hope to see you soon in Beijing. Yours, Wang Ming 【翻译】 亲爱的大卫， 我很高兴你会来北京学习中文。中国是非常有益的，许多外国人正在学习，现在。这很难为你，因为它是相当的英语不同。你要记住尽可能多的中国话。同样重要的是做一些阅读和写作。你可以看电视，听广播练习你的听力。你最好不要谈论与中国人民。你可以学习汉语，不仅从书本上，而且从你周围的人。如果您有任何问题，请问我。我敢肯定你会学好中文。 希望能尽快看到你在北京。 此致， 王明 2015高考英语满分作文范文及翻译（2） 请你根据下面的提纲，以“我的家乡”为题，写一篇100—120字的短文。 提纲： (1) 家乡的地理位置; (2) 解放前的情况; (3) 解放后的变化; (4) 对家乡的感情。 【例文】 My Home Town My home town is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice. But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town. Many people had no work. They lived a hard life. In 1949 my hometown was liberated. Since then great changes have taken place there. The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. The life of the people is greatly improved. I love my hometown. All the more I love its people. They are working hard so as to make it
写作常用句子翻译 1经常做运动会提高人的自信。 _____________________________________________________________________ 经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。 _____________________________________________________________________ 过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。 _____________________________________________________________________ 环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。 _____________________________________________________________________ 家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。 _____________________________________________________________________
高考英语作文开头万能句子 1．开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型： a prober b says, “ you are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2．开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：according to a recent survey, about 78.9％ of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显荆笱蚶鲜η爰俚睦碛傻敝?8％都是假的。 travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85％的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70％都是在休闲娱乐。 five－day work week better than six－day work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98％的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： a recent statistics shows that … 额外奉献: As time goes by,.....随着时间的流逝 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问... As far as I'm concerned, I think....就我而言，我认为... It is said that...据说... Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 It is ...that...强调句 It is important for sb to do sth. there be句型 Compared with A, B is more ...与A相比，B更... in my opinion 在我看来 It is high time that we did sth.是我们做..的时候了。
高考英语满分作文精选：我的朋友(附翻译) Ｉ ha*e a good friend. Ｈe is a handsome boy and his eyes shine with wisdom. Ｉha*e known him since Ｓenior Ｏne. Ｗe are both interested in Ｅnglish. Ｏnce both of us entered for an Ｅnglish contest. Ｈow eagerly Ｉ expected to get a prize! Ｏn hearing that Ｉ had failed in the contest, Ｉ could hardly hold back my tears. "Ｗhat a pity!" Ｉ murmured to myself o*er and o*er again. Ｉ felt that the world had become cold and e*eryone seemed to be laughing at me.Ｉlo*e Ｅnglish and ha*e gone all out to study it since my first day in the junior middle school. Ｉha*e e*en dreamed of entering a foreign language institute. Ｓo Ｉ felt *ery sad. Ｊust at this time, Ｉrecei*ed a short letter in Ｅnglish, saying, "Ｆailure is the mother of success. Ｃheer up! Ｄon't lose confidence. Ｋeep on your study and you will succeed!" Ｉ knew it was from the good friend of mine.Ｔhese words encouraged me greatly. Ｉ forgot all my sadness. Ｆrom then on, Ｉ studied Ｅnglish e*en harder. Ｉn the next Ｅnglish contest, Ｉ got the first prize. Ｏf course, he was delighted with my success. 【译文】
高考英语作文万能提分句子 1.引出话题句子 Recently, the problem of …... has aroused people’s concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注. The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious pro blems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。 Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。 It is commonly believed that ….. / It is a common belief that ….. 人们一般认为…… Many people insist that ..… 很多人坚持认为…… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that….. 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为…… 2.引出观点句子 People’s views on …... vary from person to person. Some hold that ….... However, others believe that…... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。 There are different opinions among people as to …....关于……，人们的观点大不相同。 Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。 3.结尾万能句 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusi on that…..把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…… Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that ….. 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…… There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,(跳槽)有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without …... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有...…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 4.提出建议万能句
医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译 [摘要] 2.1 文章标题文章标题具备信息功能（提供文章的主要内容）、祈使功能（吸引读者阅读和购买）、美感功能（简单明了、新颖、醒目）和检索功能（方便读者和科技工作者检索、查阅及引用）。 2.2 语态在英语中却常常采用第三人称的被动语态。 2.3 时态：一般现在时和一般过去时，偶尔也会出现完成时。 结论”中的一句，是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结，并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义，因此使用的是一般现在时。当然，使用何种时态不能一概而论。在翻译时，要根据原文中所要表达的意思来最后确定。 3 长、难句的翻译 不管是英语还是汉语医学文章，都有一个共同的特点，即它们的句子通常较长，结构较复杂，有时，长长的一段文字仅由一句话组成。在医学论文摘要中更是如此，要做好它们的互译还真不容易。这是因为汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought?pivot)上'英语句子建构在形式（或主谓）主轴(form?pivot or subject? predict?pivot)上。也就是说，虽然句子是表达完整意义的语言单位，汉语强调的是意义，不太强调句子结构，许多句子没有主语，还有的句子主语不明显，但意义是明确的；而英语句子特别强调句子结构，绝大多数句子需要主语和谓语。这就要求在汉译英过程中注意句意的转换，学会抓找中心词和使用英语中的各个关联词。请看下列例子 例1：“以BPDE诱导恶性转化的人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE为模型，采用cDNA代表性差异分析方法，比较转化细胞及正常对照细胞间基因表达的差异，分离恶变细胞中差异表达的cDNA片段。”翻译：The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE was used as a m odel for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cell s.分析：在中文原句中，出现了“以……”、“采用……”以及“比较……”、“分离……”这两个看似并列的机构'如果按照原文翻译'就会不知所云。因此，根据句意和英语的句子结构，将原文分成两层意思，按照两个句子去翻译。在第一层意思中，“上皮细胞株”在句中是中心词，但在实际翻译中，应通过所有格形式将“恶性转化”处理为中心词。翻译时，将它们的位置颠倒过来，并且为了保持和中文“以…”结构相一致，使用了被动语态。第二层意思中，“c DNA代表性差异分析方法”是中心词。其他结构按照英文习惯出现，层次分明，出落自然，毫无累赘之感。 例2：“这些感受器是神经末梢，它们嵌入血管壁，根据该血管扩张的程度发出冲动。”翻译：These r eceptors are nerve endings that discharge impulses according to the extent of stretch in the wall of the vessels in which they are imbedded.分析：原文虽然不是太长'但如果按照中文结构去译'就显得很幼稚。因此'就应使用英语中的各个关联词及关联结构。本句中采用的是定语分译法'即用一个主句带上一个定语从句'该定语从句又带上它自己的定语从句'这不仅符合英文习惯'而且逻辑性很强。整个译文层次明晰、流畅自然。以上是笔者在工作中的一些探索'希望能对进行医学论文英语摘要写作的医务工作者有所启发。 翻译的等效性和灵活性 1. 正确理解“等效翻译”
实用标准 文档大全高考英语作文万能句子大全[1] 结尾 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…… Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that … 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…… Hence/Therefor e, we'd better come to the conclusion that … 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…… There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现 的新问题. 高考英语作文万能句子 引出话题句子 Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注. The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。 Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。 It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that …人们一般认为…… Many people insist that …很多人坚持认为…… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随 实用标准 文档大全着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为…… A lot of people seem to think that …很多人似乎认为…… 引出观点句子 People's views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为…… People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解。Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度