2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题
育明状元学员回忆
一.词汇翻译（30分）
英译汉：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分，一个3分）
1added value tax
增值税
增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。实行价外税，也就是由消费者负担，有增值才征税没增值不征税。2annual financial report
年度财务报告
年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。通常将半年度，季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。3bull market
牛市，旺市；多头市场。
牛市，旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势，和"淡市'相对。
多头市场又称买空市场，是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券，需求大于供给的市场现象。
4law of diminishing marginal returns
边际收益递减规律
又称边际效益递减规律，或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件不变（如技术水平不变）的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。
5angel investment
天使投资
是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。
它是风险投资的一种形式，在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。
6capital turnover
资本周转
资本周转指不断重复、周而复始的资本循环过程。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增殖，这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来，而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。产业资本连续不断、周而复始的循环。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增值，这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来，而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。这样的资本循环，叫做资本周转。
7butterfly effect
蝴蝶效应
蝴蝶效应是指在一个动力系统中，初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的巨大的连锁反应。这是一种混沌现象。任何事物发展均存在定数与变数，事物在发展过程中其发展轨迹有规律可循，同时也存在不可测的“变数”，一个微小的变化能影响事物的发展，说明事物的发展具有复杂性。
8calling center
呼叫中心
呼叫中心是充分利用现代通讯与计算机技术，如IVR（交互式语音800呼叫中心流程图应答系统）、ACD（自动呼叫分配系统）等等，可以自动灵活地处理大量各种不同的电话呼入和呼出业务和服务的运营操作场所。呼叫中心在企业应用中已经逐渐从电话营销中心向着
CTI（计算机通信集成）综合呼叫中心转变，已经将电话、计算机、互联网等多种媒介综合应用于营销、服务等等多项工作当中。呼叫中心就是在一个相对集中的场所，由一批服务人员组成的服务机构，通常利用计算机通讯技术，处理来自企业、顾客的垂询与咨询需求。以电话咨询为例，具备同时处理大量来话的能力，还具备主叫号码显示，可将来电自动分配给具备相应技能的人员处理，并能记录和储存所有来话信息。一个典型的以客户服务为主的呼叫中心可以兼具呼入与呼出功能，当处理顾客的信息查询、咨询、投诉等业务的同时，可以进行顾客回访、满意度调查等呼出业务。
9SWOT analysis
四点（优势、劣势、机会、威胁）分析
SWOT分析方法是一种企业内部分析方法，即根据企业自身的既定内在条件进行分析，找出企业的优势、劣势及核心竞争力之所在，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。其中，S代表strength(优势)，W代表weakness(弱势)，O代表opportunity(机会)，T
代表threat(威胁)，其中，S、W是内部因素，O、T是外部因素。按照企业竞争战略的完整概念，战略应是一个企业“能够做的”（即组织的强项和弱项）和“可能做的”（即环境的机会和威胁）之间的有机组合。
意义：帮您清晰地把握全局，分析自己在资源方面的优势与劣势，把握环境提供的机会，防范可能存在的风险与威胁，对我们的成功有非常重要的意义。
10business model
商业模式
商业模式，是管理学的重要研究对象之一，MBA、EMBA
等主流商业管理课程均对“商业模式”给予了不同程度的关注。在分析商业模式过程中，主要关注一类企业在市场中与用户、供应商、其他合作伙伴的关系，尤其是彼此间的物流、信息流和资金流。
汉译英：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in English(共15分，一个3分）
1联合国贸发会议
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
（UNCTAD)Established in1964,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)promotes the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy.UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development,with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development.
或者
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)was established in 1964as a permanent intergovernmental body.UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade,investment,and development issues.The organization's goals are to:"maximize the trade,investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis."The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade,aid, transport,finance and technology.The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.
2普惠制
Generalised System of Preferences
（GSP)The Generalized System of Preferences,or GSP,is a preferential tariff system which provides for a formal system of exemption from the more general rules of the World Trade Organization(WTO),(formerly,the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT).Specifically,it's a system of exemption from the most favored nation principle(MFN)that obliges WTO member countries to treat the imports of all other WTO member countries no worse than they treat the imports of their"most favored" trading partner.In essence,MFN requires WTO member countries to treat imports coming from all other WTO member countries equally,that is,by imposing equal tariffs on them,etc.GSP exempts WTO member countries from MFN for the purpose of lowering tariffs for the least developed countries,without also lowering tariffs for rich countries 3北美自由贸易协定
North American Free Trade Agreement
（NAFTA)The North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)is an agreement signed by Canada,Mexico,and the United States,creating a trilateral rules-based trade bloc in North America.The agreement came into force on January1,1994.It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S.and Canada.NAFTA has two supplements:the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation(NAAEC)and
the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation(NAALC).In terms of combined purchasing power parity GDP of its members,as of2013the trade bloc is the largest in the world as well as by nominal GDP comparison.
4口碑
word of mouth，
public praise Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication,which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a story about a real event or something made up.Oral tradition is cultural material and traditions transmitted by word of mouth through successive generations. Storytelling and oral tradition are forms of word of mouth that play important roles in folklore and mythology.Another example of oral communication is oral history —the recording,preservation and interpretation of historical information,based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker.Oral history preservation is the field that deals with the care and upkeep of oral history materials collected by word of mouth,whatever format they may be in.
5汇票
bill of exchange A bill of exchange or"draft"is a written order by the drawer to the drawee to pay money to the payee.A common type of bill of exchange is the cheque (check in American English),defined as a bill of exchange drawn on a banker and payable on demand.Bills of exchange are used primarily in international trade,and are written orders by one person to his bank to pay the bearer a specific sum on a specific date. Prior to the advent of paper currency,bills of exchange were a common means of exchange. They are not used as often today.6
6倾销
dumping In economics,"dumping"is a kind of predatory pricing,especially in the context of international trade.It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below
its cost of production.7
7利基营销
niche marketing Niche marketing is marketing a product or service in a small portion of a market that is not being readily served by the main stream product or service providers.Nearly everything we take for granted–from the fast food chains, convenience stores,even Wal-Mart
–began as a business to fill perceived voids in the market place.These“niches”can be geographic areas,a specialty industry,a demographic or ethnic group,a specific gender group,or other special group of people.
8特许经营
Franchising Franchising is the practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time.The word"franchise"is of Anglo-French derivation—from franc,meaning free—and is used both as a noun and as a(transitive)verb.For the franchiser,the franchise is an alternative to building "chain stores"to distribute goods that avoids the investments and liability of a chain. The franchisor's success depends on the success of the franchisees.The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.Essentially,and in terms of distribution,the franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator,or a franchisee,to use the supplier's trademark and distribute the supplier's goods.In return,the operator pays the supplier a fee. Thirty three countries—including the United States and Australia—have laws that explicitly regulate franchising,with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect
impact on franchising.
9市场细分
market segmentation Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers,businesses,or countries who have common needs and priorities,and then designing and implementing strategies
to target them.Market segmentation strategies may be used to identify the target customers,and provide supporting data for positioning to achieve a marketing plan objective.Businesses may develop product differentiation strategies,or an undifferentiated approach,involving specific products or product lines depending on the specific demand and attributes of the target segment.
10对等贸易
counter trade Counter trade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part,with other goods or services,rather than with money.A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes.In dealings between sovereign states,the term bilateral trade is used.OR"Any transaction involving exchange of goods or service for something of equal value."
二．篇章翻译（120分）
英译汉（60分）
英译汉原文
When You Move,I Move:Increasing Synchronization Among Asia’
s Economies In recent decades,trade integration within Asia has increased more than in other regions.In valued-added terms,intraregional trade grew on average by over10percent a year from1990to2012,twice the pace seen outside of Asia.Likewise, financial integration within the region has started to catch up,although it still lags behind trade integration.Concomitantly,business cycles in Asia have become steadily more synchronized over the past two decades,with the correlation between ASEAN economies’growth rates almost reaching the very high levels seen within the Euro Area.As outlined in the IMF Asia and Pacific Department
’s latest Regional Economic Outlook,these facts are https://www.doczj.com/doc/6310524931.html,ly,increases in trade and financial integration have strengthened the propagation of growth shocks between regional partners,leading Asian economies to move more in lockstep.One driver of this synchronization of business cycles has been the increase in size and connectedness of China’s economy.Looking ahead,we expect regional integration agenda
and a bigger China to further increase spillovers and growth co-movement across the region.
Greater international cooperation,particularly regional and global financial safety nets,can help countries respond to the associated risk of more synchronized,sharper downturns,and thereby help Asia make the most of greater regional integration. Trade integration has been an important synchronizing force for Asian business cycles On the trade side,our study brings a novel finding:what makes two economies co-move —by propagating shocks across borders
—is the intensity of their bilateral trade in value-added terms,not in gross terms. The iPhone supply chain example illustrates why this makes sense:although China exports the product to the US,its domestic firms add only a small fraction of the overall value added,so that gross exports vastly over-estimate the dependence of the Chinese economy on final demand from American consumers.The reverse holds for Korea or Taiwan POC,which reap sizeable value added through exports of components to China even though they don’t export any iPhones to the US.Overall,the trend increase in the value-added traded between Asian economies over the past two decades has accounted for around one-quarter of the concomitant increase in business cycle synchronization across the region.Financial integration has been a more ambivalent force.Across the world,it has magnified the impact on business cycle synchronization of large global shocks like the global financial crisis,as global banks pulled
funds back across the board.But in normal times,it has lowered synchronization somewhat,possibly by facilitating international reallocation of capital when a shock hits one country.However,this has been less of a factor in Asia,where cross-border financial claims and flows have so far been comparatively small.
英译汉的译文
亦步亦趋：亚洲经济体的同步性不断增强
近几十年来，亚洲贸易一体化的步伐大于其他地区。以增加值计算，
1990年至2012年，亚洲区域内贸易平均每年增长10%以上，增速是亚洲之外地区的两倍。同
样，该地区的金融一体化也开始赶超，但仍落后于贸易一体化。伴随而来的是，过去二十年里，亚洲地区的商业周期的同步性稳步上升，东盟各经济体增长率的关联度几乎达到了欧元区内的极高水平。
正如基金组织亚太部最新一期《地区经济展望》所述，上述情况是相互关联的，即，贸易与金融一体化的发展推动了区域伙伴之间增长冲击的传播，导致亚洲经济体的步伐愈发一致。中国经济的规模扩大和对外关联度增强是商业周期同步化的一个驱动因素。展望未来，我们预计区域一体化行动和中国的发展将进一步加强该地区的溢出效应和增长联动性。加强国际合作，尤其是区域和全球金融安全网方面的合作，有助于各国应对更同步的、更急剧的经济下滑风险，进而使亚洲能从深化区域一体化中获得最大的收益。
贸易一体化是亚洲商业周期同步化增强的重要驱动因素
在贸易方面，我们的研究得出了一个新颖的观点，即，导致两个经济体（通过跨境传播冲击进行）联动的因素是以增加值衡量的双边贸易规模，而非总值衡量的规模。苹果手机供应链的例子可以很好地解释这个道理。虽然中国向美国出口产品，但国内企业获得的增加值仅为总体增加值的一小部分，因此按总出口来衡量的话会大大高估中国经济对美国消费者最终需求的依赖性。韩国或中国台湾的情况则正相反：即便他们不向美国出口任何苹果手机，但可通过向中国出口配件来获取丰厚的增加值。总体上来看，亚洲商业周期同步性的增幅中，约有四分之一是因为过去二十年里亚洲经济体之间贸易增加值的趋势增长。
金融一体化则是一股更具矛盾的力量。在全球范围内，由于危机期间全球性银行全面收回资金，金融一体化加剧了诸如国际金融危机这种大规模全球冲击对商业周期同步性的影响。但在正常时期，金融一体化导致同步性有所下降，其途径可能是：在冲击影响某一国时，金融一体化会促进资本在全球的再分配。然而，金融一体化对亚洲的影响不大，因为该地区跨境金融债权和流动的规模至今相对较小。
汉译英（60分）
汉译英的原文
我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为,老龄化会减少劳动力供给,降低社会储蓄率,导致产出和资本形成能力下降,最终影响经济增长。同时,发达国家的实际表明,随着人口老龄化,养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升,加重政府财政负担。与发达国家“富
老同步冶或者“先富后老冶相比,我国人均收入水平仍然较低,属于明显的“未富先老冶,
对经济增长的影响日益明显。一是未来劳动力供给减少和成本上升,将不利于企业尤其是劳动密集型企业发展。二是老年抚养比淤上升将影响居民储蓄数量和储蓄倾向,并通过降低企业利润间接影响企业储蓄行为。储蓄下降将减少投资资金来源,并影响资金价格。三是加重财政支出负担。与发达国家相比,我国社会保障水平较低,养老保险和医疗保险面临资金紧张、覆盖面窄等问题,许多地方存在养老金缺口。随着我国社会保障体系逐渐完善,养老金水平不断提高,医疗保障覆盖面扩大,未来老龄化所带来的财政支出将大幅增长,财政压力随之增大。人口老龄化将是我国需要面对的一个长期问题,应加快采取相关应对措施,继续推进新型城镇化建设和区域经济协调发展,进一步推动农村剩余劳动力的转移和就业。加大人力资本投入,提高劳动者素质。大力促进科技创新,实现产业结构优化升级,通过技术进步来弥补劳动力优势的逐步丧失。加快健全社会保障体系,继续扩大养老保险和医疗保险覆盖面,逐步提高社会保障水平。
汉译英的译文
The Potential Impact of China’s Aging Population on Its Economic Growth
Theoretical studies suggest that aging population will reduce labor supply,reduce the social saving rate,result in reduced output and capital formation,and ultimately affect economic growth.Meantime,the experiences of developed countries show that with aging population,expenditure for the elder and per capital health care will rise sharply,adding to the fiscal https://www.doczj.com/doc/6310524931.html,pared with“synchronization of getting rich and becoming an aged society”or“becoming a rich society before getting older”, China’s per capita income is still relatively low,and China’s situation belongs to“becoming an aged society before getting rich”,and its impact on economic growth is increasingly evident.First,in the future,declining labor supply and rising labor cost will have a negative impact on the corporate sector,especially labor-intensive enterprises.Second,the rising elder dependency ratio will affect households’saving amount and the propensity to save,and indirectly affect corporate saving behaviors by depressing corporate profits.The decline in savings will reduce the source of
investment funds,and in turn affect the price of funds.Third,aging population will add to fiscal https://www.doczj.com/doc/6310524931.html,pared with developed countries,China’s social security level is relatively low,both the pension funds and medical insurance system face the problems of insufficient funding and inadequate coverage,and there are shortfalls in many localities.As China’s social security system is gradually improved,the level of pensions continues to rise,and the health insurance coverage expands,in the future fiscal expenditures resulting from aging population will grew rapidly,adding to increasing fiscal pressures.Since population aging is a long-term issue in China, measures should be taken continuously to promote urbanization and balanced regional economic development,and to facilitate the transfer and reemployment of surplus labor in the rural area.Furthermore the following measures should be taken:increase human capital input,and improve labor quality;vigorously promote technological innovation and upgrade industrial structure to offset the gradual loss of labor advantage via technological progress;accelerate the building of the social security system,and continue to expand the coverage of pension funds and medical insurances to gradually upgrade the social security level.
如何记忆翻译硕士英语常用词汇
39.cond=hide，表示“藏”
abscond v潜逃(abs离开+cond→藏起来离开→潜逃)
recondite a深奥的(re一再+cond+ite→[意义]一再被藏起来→深奥的)
condiment n调味品(cond+I+ment→藏起[坏味道]→调味品)
40.corn=horn表示“角”
unicorn n独角兽(uni一个+corn→一个角→独角兽)
cornet n号角(corn+et表示物)
cornucopia n丰饶角(corn+u+cop丰富+ia表示物→表示丰富的角→丰饶角;记：copious大量的)
41.cosnt=world，表示“世界，宇宙”
cosmic a宇宙的
cosmos n宇宙
cosmopolis n国际都市(cosm+o+polis城市→世界城→大都市)
microcosm n微观世界(micro微小+cosm)
macrocosm n宏观世界(macro宏大+cosm)
42.crit，cris=judge，discern，表示“判断，分辨”
critical a批评的;危险的(crit+ical)
criticism n批评
crisis n危机(cris+is→需要作出判断的时刻→危机时刻)
criterion n标准，准绳(作出判断的依据)
hypocrite n伪君子(hypo在下面+crit+e评判→在背后评判别人→伪君子)
hypocrisy n伪善(hypo+crisy)
43.culp=fault，表示“错，罪”
culpable a有罪的;应受指责的(culp+able有…的)
inculpate v归罪(in使+culp+ate→使[别人]有罪→归罪)
exculpate v无罪释放(ex出+culp+ate→从罪中出来→无罪释放)
44.cuss=shake，表示“摇动”
concussion n冲击，震荡(con全部+cuss+ion→全部摇动→震荡)
discuss n讨论(dis分散+cuss→分散敲击[问题]→讨论)
percussion n撞击，震动(per从头到尾+cuss+ion→一直摇动→震动)
repercussion n反响，影响(re一再+percussion→一再引起震动→产生的影响，后果)
45.custom=habit，表示“习惯”
customary a习惯性的
customer n顾客(custom+er人→习惯(进商店的)人→顾客)
accustorn v使习惯(ac使+cusrom→使习惯)
46.cyn=dog，表示“狗”
cynic n犬儒主义者(cyn+ic→象狗一样活着的人)
cynicism n愤世嫉俗(cynic+ism→犬儒主义的
cynosure n小雄星座，引人注目的人，(cynos[=cyn]+ure→形状像狗的小熊星座) 47.demn=harm表示“伤害”
condemn v谴责，指责(com共同+demn→共同伤害→谴责)
condemnation n谴责
indemnity n赔偿(物)(in不+demn+ity→使不受损害→赔偿)
indemnify v赔偿(in+demn+ify)
48.dens=make thick，表示“变浓厚”
dense a浓密的
density n比重;浓缩(dens+ity)
condense v浓缩(con全部+dene浓缩→全部浓缩)
densimeter n密度计(dens+I+meter测量计)
49.dexter=right，表示“右边”
dexterous a灵巧的，敏捷的(右手比左手灵巧)
dexterity n敏捷(dexter+ity)
ambidextrous a非常灵活的(amdi两个+dextrous→两只手都和右手一样灵巧) dextral a右边的;用右手的(dextr+al)
50.di=day，表示“日，日子”
diary n日记
dial n日署
meridian n日中，正午(meri中间+di+an→在日子中间→正午)
antemeridian a午前的(ante前面+meridian→正午→在正午前面→午前) postmeridian a午后的(post后面+meridian正午→午后的)
51.dole=grieve，表示“悲伤”
doleful a悲伤的(dole+ful充满…的)
condole v安慰，哀悼(con共同+dole→共同的悲伤→哀悼)
indolence n懒惰(in不+dole+ence→[失败]不知道悲伤→懒惰)
52.dom=house，表示“屋，家”
dome n圆屋顶;大厦
domestic a家里的;国内的(dom+estic表形容词→家里的)
domesticate v驯养(domestic家里的+ate→使成为家里的→驯养动物) dominate v支配，统治(domin[=dom]+ate→像家长一样→统治)
indomitadle a不可征服的(in不+domitadle可征服的)
predominant a主要的，支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的) 53，dorm=sleep，表示“睡眠”
dormitory n寝室，宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)
dormitive n安眠的(dorm+itve)
dormancy n休眠;蛰伏(dorm+ancy)
54.dox=opinion，表示“观点”
orthodox n正统思想(ortho正+dox→正的观点→正统思想) heterodox n异端思想(hetero异+dox→异端思想)
paradox n勃论，相矛盾(para半+dox→一半观点，另一半相反) 55.draw=pull，表示”拉”
drawdack n障碍，缺点(draw+duck→[把人]拉回来→缺点)
drawl v拉长语调说话
withdraw v撤回，缩回(with向后+draw→向后拉→撤回)
56.drom=run，表示“跑”
aerodrome n飞机场(aero空气，航空+drom+e→跑飞机之地) syndrome n综合症，症状群(syn综合+drom+e→[各种病]跑到一起) dromedary n善跑的骆驼(通常指用来赛跑的骆驼)
dromometer n速度计(drom+o+meter测量计)
57.cd=eat表示“吃”
edible a可吃的，食用的(ed+ible能够…..的)
inedible a不可吃的(in不=edible)
edacious a贪吃的(ed+acious多…的)
edacity n贪吃;狼吞虎咽(ed+acity表示多的状态)
58.ego=l.表示“我，自己”
egoism n利己主义
egoist n利己主义者
egocentric a自我中心的(ego+centric中心的)
agomania n n.极端利己主义(ago+mania狂热病)
59.emper，imper=command，表示“命令，统治”
emperor n皇帝(emper+or人→命令之人→统治者)
empire n帝国(empir=emper)
imperial a帝国的(imper帝国+ial)
imperious a专横的(相皇帝一样→专横的)
imperative a命令的，强制的(imper+ative)
60.(a)esthet=feeling，表示“感觉”
aesthetic a审美的，美学的(对美有感觉)
aesthetics n美学
anesthesia n麻醉(an没有+esthes+ia病→没有感觉的病→麻醉) anesthetic n麻醉剂
61.extr(e)，exter=out表示“出去”
extra a额外的
extraneous a不相关的(extr+aneous表形容词→出去的→不相关的) extreme a极端的(extr+eme表最高级→超出主题→极端的)
extremity n非常手段(extreme+ity表名词→极端手段)
external a外部的(exiern+al)
exterior a外部的，外形的(exter+ior表形容词，如：interior内部的) 62.fabric=make，表示“制作”
fadric n织物
fadricate v捏造;制作(fabric+ate)
prefabricated a预制的(pre预先+fadricate制作+ed表过去分词)
63.fader=league，表示“联盟”
federal a联盟的，联邦的
federation n联盟，联合会(feder+ation)
confaderate a联合的(con共同+feder+ate→共同联盟的→联合的)
64.fend，fens=strke，表示“打击”
defend v保卫，防御(de去掉+fend→去掉打击→打退敌人→保卫) defense n保卫(defend的名词)
fend v抵挡，击退
offend v冒犯，得罪(or一再+fend→一再打击[别人]→得罪)
offensive a冒犯的(or+fens+ive)
65.fess=speak，表示“说”
confess v承认，坦白(con全部+fess→全部说出→坦白)
comfession n坦白
profession n职业(pro在前面+fess+ion→在前面说话→进入[律师，教师等]职业;参考：professor)
professional a职业的
professor n教授(pro在前面+fess说+or人→在前面说话的人→教授)
66.fest=hostile，表示“仇恨”
infest v大批出没;扰乱(in进入+fest→进入仇恨→扰乱)
manifest a明白的，显然的(mani手+fest→仇恨得用手打→[恨]明显的)
67.fest=feast，表示“节目”
festival a节目，宴会(fext+ival表名词成形容词)
festive a节日的(fest+ive)
festivity n喜庆(feative+ity)
festoon n张灯结彩(fest+oon表名词，如，cartoon漫画，(dalloon气球)
68.fil，fili=thread表示“线条”
filament n细线(fila+ment)
filigree n金银细工(fili+gree[=grain颗粒]→金属的颗粒和线条串成一起→金银细工)
filibuster v n.故意阻癌(fili+buster阻挡→用线档住→阻碍)
profile n外形，轮廊(pro在前面+file→在前面的线条→轮廊)
file n行列;档案
filar a线状的
69.firm=firm，表示“坚定”
infirm a虚弱的;意志薄弱的(in不+firm)
infirmary n医务室(infrm虚弱的+ary表场所→接纳虚弱者的地方→诊所)
affirm v断言;证实(ar一再+firm→一再坚定地说→证实)
affirmative a肯定的(affirm+ative)
confirm v确定，证实(con全部+firm→全部坚定→确实)
confirmed a坚定的;确认的
资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/6310524931.html,