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专八人文知识文学背诵系列

专八人文知识文学背诵系列
专八人文知识文学背诵系列

英国文学~

《贝奥武甫》(The story of Beowulf)

代表着古英语的最高成就,是英国文学中现存的最古老的头韵史诗(alliterative epic),是一首异教诗(pagan poem),展现了部落社会(tribal society)的景象

威廉.朗格拉(William Langland)

主要描写下层人民生活,

《耕者皮尔斯》(Piers the Plowman)--与《坎特伯雷故事集》并称为早期英国文学的两大巨作

杰弗里.乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)

被誉为;“英国诗歌之父”(the father of English Poetry)“英国小说之父”(th father of English Fiction)

《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)--未完成,只有24个故事

托马斯.怀亚特(Thomas Wyatt)

他是第一个将十四行诗(sonnet)引进英国文学的人.

埃德蒙.斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)

被誉为“诗人中的诗人”(The poets’poet),并有“桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate)的称号《牧羊人日记》(The Shepherd's Calendar)

《新婚喜歌》(Epithalamion)

《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)--开创了“斯宾塞诗体”(Spenserian Stanza)

托马斯.莫尔(Thomas More)

《乌托邦》(Utopia)--为其代表作

弗朗西斯.培根(Francis Bacon)

《论说文集》(Essays)--是英国文学史上第一部散文题材作品。是英国散文发展的里程碑。

里斯托夫.马洛(Chriistopher Marlowe)

马洛是莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家,是“大学才子派”(University wits),他首创戏剧的创作手法“无韵诗”(blank verse),他的作品为莎士比亚的戏剧铺平了道路。

《帖木儿》(Tamburlaine)

《浮士德的悲剧》(The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus)--代表作

《马耳他岛的犹太人》(The Jew of Malta)

威廉.莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)

是英国文学史上最有影响力的作家,也是英国文艺复习时期最重要的剧作家。

《仲夏夜之梦》(A mid summer Night's Dream)

《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)

《威尼斯商人》(The merchant of Venice)

《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night)

《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)

《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)

《奥赛罗》(Othello)

《李尔王》(King Lear)

《麦克白》(Mcbeth)

《暴风雨》(The Tempest)

约翰.弥尔顿(John Milton)

是无韵诗(Blank verse)大师和伟大的文体学家(stylist)。

《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)

《复乐园》(Paradise Regained)

《力士参孙》(Samson Agonistes)--from《士师记》(Book of Judges)in the《旧约全书》“Old Testament”

约翰.多恩(John Donne)

是玄学派(Metaphysical School)的创始人,

《祭坛》(The Altar)

《复活节的翅膀》(Easter Wings)

约翰.班扬(John Bunyan)

是清教徒时期(Puritan Age)地位最高的散文家,散文风格仿照《圣经》。

《天路历程》(The Pilgrim's Progress)--是英语中最成功中的宗教寓言(religious allegory)。《落在愤怒之神手中的罪人》(Grace Abounding to the chief of Sinners)

《贝德曼先生的一生》(The life and Death of Mr.Badman)

《圣战》(The holy War)

约翰.德莱顿(John Dryden)

是18世纪英国古典主义的先驱者(Forerunner)

他把英雄双韵体(Heroic couplet)作为讽刺诗和描述性诗体的风尚,被称为“英国批评文学之父”(The father of English Criticism)

《论戏剧诗歌》(An essay of Dramatic Poesy)--代表作

《一切为了爱情》(All for Love)

《押沙龙与阿托奈托菲尔》(Absalon and Achitophell)

亚历山大.浦柏(Alexander Pope)

是英国18th最伟大的诗人,首次把理性主义(rationalism)带入英国。

《论批评》(An Essay on Criticism)--新古典主义(Neo-classicism)

《夺发记》(The Rape of the Lock)---讽刺史诗(mock epic)

《人论》(Essay on Man)

丹尼尔.迪福(Daniel Defoe)

是现代小说的奠基人(The discover of the modern novel)

有“英国和欧洲小说之父”(Father of English and European novels)的称号

《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)

《辛格顿船长》(Captain Stingleton)

《杰克上校》(Colonel Jacque)

《摩尔.弗兰德斯》(Moll Flanders)

乔纳森.斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift)

《一个木桶的故事》(The tale of a Tub)

《对1708的预言》(Predictions for the Year)

《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travel)---代表作

《一个麻布商的书信》(The Drapper's Letters)

《一个小小的建议》(A modest Proposal)

亨利.菲尔丁(Henry Fielding)

被称为“英国小说之父”(Father of the English Novel)

《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》(The History of Tom Jones,a Founding)--代表作

托马斯.格雷(Thomas Gray)

是感伤主义诗歌,尤其是“墓畔派”(The Graveyard School)的领导人。

《墓园挽歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)

理查德.布林斯单.谢立丹(Richard Brinsley Sheridan)

《情敌》(The Rivals)

《造谣学校》(The School For Scandal)--风俗喜剧(Comedy of manners)是继莎士比亚之后最好的喜剧

罗伯特.彭斯(Robert Burns)

“苏格兰民族诗人”(National Poet of Scotland)

《我的心在高原》(My Heart's in the Highlands)

《一朵红红的玫瑰》(A Red ,Red Rose)

《往昔时光》(Auld Lang Syne)

威廉.华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)

《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)----与柯勒律治合作出版,标志着英国的浪漫主义复兴塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)---代表作

《克里斯塔贝尔》(Christabel)

《忽必烈汗》(Kubla Khan)

《巴士底狱的倒塌》(The Fall of the Bastille)

乔治戈登.拜伦(George Gordon Byron)

“拜伦式英雄“(Byronic Hero)

《她在美中行》(She Walks in Beauty)

《昔日依依别》(When We Two Parted)

《唐璜》(Don Juan)---代表作

《夏尔的.哈罗尔德游记》(Childe harold's Pilgrimage)

珀西.比希.雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)

《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)

《西风颂》(Ode To the West Wind)---"冬天到了,春天还会远吗?”If winter comes,can spring be far behind?出于此。

《云雀颂》(Ode to a skylark)

约翰.济慈(John Keats)

“美就是真,真就是美”(Beauty is truth,truth is beauty)

A writer of “Pure poetry”,“Art for art's sake dreamer"

《当我害怕的时候》(When I was Have a Fear)

《忧郁颂》(On Melancholy)

《希腊古瓷颂》(On a Grecian Urn)

《心灵颂》(To Psyche)

《秋颂》(To Autumn)

《夜莺颂》(Ode to s Nightingale)

沃尔特.司各特(Walter Scott)

他标志着英国浪漫主义向现实主义的过渡。

《威弗利》(Waverley)

《艾凡赫》(Ivanhoe)

简.奥斯汀(Jane Austin)

是英国第一位女性小说家

《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)

《艾玛》(Emma)

《劝导》(Persuasion)

《理智与情感》(Sense and Sensibility)

查尔斯.狄更斯(Charles Dickens)

是维多利亚时期最伟大的批判现实主义作家(critical realist)之一

《匹克.威客外传》(The Pickwick Papers)

《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twister)

《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)

《董贝父子》(Dombey and Son)

《大卫.科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)

《荒凉山庄》(Bleak House)

《艰难时刻》(Hard Times)

《双城记》(A Tale Of Two Cities)

《远大前程》(Great Expectation)

威廉.梅克匹斯.萨克雷(William Makepeace Thackray)

19世纪欧洲伟大的批判现实主义(critical realist)代表人物

《名利场》(Vanity Fair)-----代表作(副标题是;一部没有主角的小说”(A Novel Without A hero)

夏洛特.勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)

第一次把家庭教师为题材的小说引入英国文学历史,是女权主义(feminism)和女权主义文学(feminism literature)的先驱者。

《教师》(Professor)

《简爱》(Jane Eyre)---代表作

艾米莉.勃朗特(Emily Bronte)

《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)

托马斯.哈代(Thomas hardy)

承前启后的作家(transitional writer),开创了“地域小说”(regional novel)的传统。

《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess Of D'Urbervilles)

《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)

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阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生(Alfred tennyson)

被称为“人民的诗人”(Poet of The People)

《拍吧,拍吧,拍吧》(Break,Break,Break)

《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)

罗伯特.布朗宁(Robert Browning)

他对诗歌的主要贡献是戏剧独白(dramatic Monologue)

《我的前公爵夫人》(My last Duchess)----常被作为是个独白最典型的例子

马修.阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)

《多佛.海滩》(Dover Beach)---代表作

*以上三人被称为维多利亚诗人“三巨头”(The Big Three)

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詹姆斯.乔伊斯(James Joyce)

被认为是“意识流”的先驱者(forerunner of the “stream of consciousness")

《都柏林人》(Dubliners)

《青年艺术家的画像》(A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man)---第一部小说

《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)

弗吉尼亚.伍尔芙(Viginia Woolf)

20世界最有影响力的女作家,女权运动的倡导者。

《达洛维夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)

《到灯塔去》(To The Lighthouse)

《海浪》(The Waves)

《奥兰多》(Orlando)

美国文学~~

约翰.史密斯(John Smith)

《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》---被认为是美国文学史上的“第一本书”(the first book)

本杰明.富兰克林(Benjamin franklin)

是美国开国者(Founding Father of the United States of America)之一

《穷理查德年鉴》(Poor Richard;s Almanac)--包含很多日常生活中的实用谚语,是美国早期文学很有意义的一本书。

《自传》(The Autobiography)---代表作,是美国梦的早期反映

托马斯.潘恩(Thomas Paine)

被称为“美国独立之父”(The father of American Revolution)

《常识》(The Common sense)---最著名的政治宣传册(the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphlets),对美国独立战争有巨大影响。

菲利普.弗伦诺(Philip Freneau)

“革命诗人”(A poet of American revolution),"美国诗歌之父"(the father of American poetry) 《美洲光辉兴起》(The Rising Glory of American)

《野金银花》(The Wild Honey Suckle)

《印第安人殡葬地》(The Indian Burying Ground》

托马斯.杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)

《独立宣言》(Declaration of Independence)

华盛顿.欧文(Washington Irving)

美国文学之父(The Father of American literature)-第一位赢得国际声誉的美国作家

《纽约外史》(A History of New York)

《见闻札记》(The Sketch Book)--标志着美国浪漫主义的开始,给欧文带来巨大国际声誉→其中包括《瑞普.凡.温克尔》(Rip Van Winkle)---最著名的作品

拉尔夫.沃尔多.艾默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

超验主义(New England Transcendentalism )代表人物

《论自然》(Nature)--”美国超验主义宣言”(the manifesto of American Transcendentalism)《美国学者》(The American Scholar)

《超验主义着》(The Transcendentalist)

亨利.大卫.梭罗(Henry David. Thoreau)

《瓦尔登湖》(Walden)---是一部伟大的超验主义作品

《论公民之不服从》(Civil Disobedience)

纳撒尼尔.霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)

象征主义大师(master of symbolism)

《红字》(The Scarlet Letter)---代表作

《有七个尖角阁楼的房子》(The House of Seven Gables)

《路人皆知的故事》(Twice-Told Story)

《古宅青苔》(Mosses From an Old Manse)

《福谷传奇》(The Blithedale Romance)

赫尔曼.梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)

美国浪漫主义时期成就最高的小说家

《莫比.迪克》(Moby Dick)

沃尔特.惠特曼(Walt Whitman)

“自由体诗之父”(The father of free verse)

《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)---共和圣经(Democratic Bible),美国史诗(American Epic)--标志美国浪漫主义时期的结束

《自我之歌》(song of Myself)

埃德加.艾伦.坡(Edgar Allan Poe)

世界上第一个侦探故事(detective story)作家

《厄舍古屋的倒塌》(The Fall of the House of Usher)

《乌鸦》(The Raven)

《丢失的信》(The Purloined letter)

亨利.沃兹沃思.朗费罗(Henry Wadsworth Langfellow)

第一个运用native theme 的作家

《人生礼赞》(A psalm of Life)

哈里特.比彻.斯托(Harriet Beecher Stowe)

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom's cabin)

威廉.迪恩.霍威尔斯(William Dean Howells)

《塞拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》(The Rise of Silas Lapham)---代表作

亨利.詹姆斯(Henry James)

《美国人》(The American)

《黛西.米勒》(Daisy Miller)

《贵夫人的画像》(The Portrait of a Lady)---代表作

马克.吐温(Mark Twain)

《镀金时代》(The Gilded Age)

《汤姆.索亚历险记》(The Adventure of Tom Sawyer)

《哈克贝利.芬历险记》(The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn)--人性最终可战胜邪恶(humanitarianism ultimately triumphs)

《在密西西比河上》(Life On the Mississippi)

《王子与贫儿》(The Prince and the Pauper)

布莱特.哈特(Bret Harts)

《咆哮营的幸运儿》(The Luck of Roaring Camp)--标志着地方色彩小说(local color fiction)的发展

史蒂芬.克莱恩(Stephen Crane)

《街头女郎玛吉》(Maggie,A girl of the Streets)---美国第一部自然主义小说

《红色英雄勋章》(The Red Badge od Courage)---美国自然主义的里程碑(landmark)《海上扁舟》(Gne Open Boat)

杰克.伦敦(Jack London)

心理现实主义(Psychological Realism)的创始人

《野性的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild)

《马丁.伊登》(Martin Eden)

欧.亨利(O Henry)

美国现代短篇小说之父“The Father of the modern short story)

《最后一片叶子》(The last Leaf)

《麦琪的礼物》(The Gift of Magi)

《警察与赞美诗》(The Cop and the Anthem)

艾兹拉.庞德(Erza Pound)

美国现代诗歌创始人(The Father of modern American poetry),意象运动的主要领导人。意象派诗歌之父(The Father of Imagist poetry)

《华夏集》(Cathay)

《在地铁站里》(In a Station of the Metro)

罗伯特.弗罗斯特(Robert Frost)

《未选择的路》(The Road not Taken)

《雪夜林边小驻》(Stopping by woods on a Snowy Evening)

弗朗西斯.司各特.菲茨杰拉尔德(F.Scott.Fitzgerald)

《人间天堂》(This Side of Paradise)----第一部小说

《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Gatsby)---代表作

欧内斯特.海明威(Ernest Hemingway)

《永别了,武器》(A Farewell to Arms)

《太阳照常升起》(The Sun Also Raises)

《丧钟为谁而鸣》(For Whom the Bell Tolls)

《老人与海》(The Old Man and the Sea)

辛克莱.刘易斯(Sinclair Lewis)

是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的美国作家。

《大街》(Main Street)

《巴比特》(Babbitt)

威廉.福克纳(William Faulkner)

《喧闹与骚动》(The Sound and the Fury)

《给艾米丽小姐的玫瑰》(A rose for Emily)

约翰.道顿.帕索斯(John Dos Passos)

约翰.斯坦贝克(John Steinbeck)

《三个士兵》(Three Soldiers)

约翰.斯坦贝克(John Steinbeck)

《愤怒的葡萄》(The Grapes of Wrath)

《煎饼坪》(Tortilla Flat)

《人与鼠》(Of Mice and Men)

薇拉凯瑟(Willa Cather)

《我的安东尼亚》(My Antonia)----代表作

尤金.奥尼尔(Eugene O'Neil)

他的戏剧创作,标志着美国民族戏剧的成熟。

《天边外》(Beyond the Horizon)

拉尔夫.埃里森(Ralph Ellison)

当代黑人作家

《隐形人》(Invisible Man)

弗兰纳里.奥康纳(Flanney O.Connor)

美国女作家

《好人难寻》(A Good Man is Hard to Find)---代表作约翰.厄普代克(John Epdike)

兔子系列....

塞林格(J.D Salinger)

《麦田守望者》(The Catcher in the Rye)

艾伦.金斯堡(Allen Ginsberg)

《嚎叫》(Howl)-----代表作

杰克.库鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac)

《在路上》(on the Road)

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡:英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡,分割英法两国,连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口:是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法:1801年英国议会通过法令,规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语:是盖尔特语言的一种,在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版

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练习题: 1、The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River. 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2、The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。 3、The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white. 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4、Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后,拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数,成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5、America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6、The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II. 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7、In the United States, primary education requires Six years years. 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8、Most college students in the United States are in Public institutions. 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9、The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.美国的联邦法院系统包括:the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10、Louisana (which state )is not governed by the common law. 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 11、Of the fifty states of America, 38 states now have the death penalty as punishment. 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 12、The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Midwest and Wes t. 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 13、The New England Region region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 美国的新英格兰地区,也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 14、California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州,拥有人口也最多。 15、"Hollywood"is often used as a synonym for American films. 好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。 16、The most important and largest river in the United States of America is the Mississippi River. 美国最长的河流是密西西比河,也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”,沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。17、The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a typical continental climate. 美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷,夏天炎热。

英语专业八级 英国文学知识总结

1 Old and Medieval Period 1-1 the Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Caedmon – Caedmon’s Hymn Cynewulf – The Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, Elene 1-2 the Middle English Period Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Thomas Marlory – Le Morte D’Arthur (The Death of King Arthur) William Langland – Piers the Plowman Geoffrey Chaucer –The Canterbury Tales 1-3 the 15th Century The Robin Hood Ballads 2 The Renaissance Period 2-1 poem Thomas Wyatt Henry Howard Sir Philip Sidney – Astrophel and Stella, Apology for Poetry Edmund Spencer – The Shephearde’s Calendar, Epithalamion, The Faerie Queene 2-2 prose Thomas More – Utopia Francis Bacon – A History of the Life and Reign of King Henry Ⅶ, The Advancement of Learning, Essays(Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Wisdom), The New Atlantis John Lyly—Eupheus 2-3 drama Christopher Marlowe – Tamburlaine, The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta William Shakespeare – Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, As You Like It, Merchant of Venice, The Twelfth Night Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, The Tempest Historical plays: Henry Ⅳ, HenryⅤ Long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece

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