被动语态
责编：
【概念引入】
一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏
Life is measured by thought and action, not by time.
衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。
Men are known by his companions.
观其友而知其人。
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
A friend without fault will never be found.
没有缺点的朋友永不可得。
二、被动语态的概念
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
【用法讲解】
一、被动语态结构【：Passive Voice 与时态】
一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词
Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词
My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。
过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
二、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）
注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在那家工厂制造自行车。
→The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。
→A tree was cut down by him.
4）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
Little Tom can work out this maths problem easily. 小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。
→This maths problem can be easily work out by little Tom.
They should do it at once. 他们应该立刻做那件事。
→It should be done at once.
5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他
被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他
或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(for / to)+间接宾语+其他
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my fathe r).
→ A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father)
6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
His teacher found him a very good pupil. 他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
→ He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.
7) 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要还原to。
Linda’s paren ts make her practice the piano every Sunday.
→Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.
8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach, cost等, 以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语态。
【误】Five dollars is cost by this book.
【正】This book costs five dollars. 这本书花费五美元。
【误】The food is tasted nice.
【正】The food tastes nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。
第一篇 基础知识 第一节字母 英语是字母文字，共有26个字母，26个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表，英语中称之为―Alphabet‖。 1.26个字母的读音 2.元音字母是哪些？ 英文字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。Aa , Ee , Ii, Oo, Uu为5个元音字母，除Yy 外其他20个为辅音字母。Yy 为半元音字母. 第二节语音 关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2)音标：词的语音形式。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。单元音有12个：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /∧/ /a:/ /?/ /?:/ /u/ /u:/ 双元音有8个/eI/ /aI/ /?I/ /?u/ /au/ /I?/ /ε?/ /u?/ 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。清辅音有11个：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ//∫/ /h/ /t∫/ /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音有17个：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m//n/ /? / /l/ /w/ /j/ 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
新外研版英语九年级上 课文 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
Module 1 When I arrived, it was early morning and it was raining. I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a path. In the east, the sky was becoming light. I knew it was there, but there was nothing to see. After about a mile, a stranger appeared in front of me. “Am I going the right way?” I asked. He knew where I was going. “Yes,” he replied. “you’ll get there in five minutes.” Finally, I came to some rocks and stopped. I looked over them, but it was silent and there was no sign of it. Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks. I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me. I was looking across the Grand Canyon, one of the wonders of the natural world. I looked down to the Colorado River, from here a silver stream nearly one mile below me. If you put the two tallest buildings in the world on top of the each other at the bottom of the canyon, they still wouldn’t reach the top. Then I looked across to the other side of the canyon. How far is it? It’s about fifteen miles, maybe more. Finally, I looked to my left and to my right, and on both sides the canyon went far away, about 277 miles long. The Grand Canyon is not just big. It’s huge! I remained by the canyon for about half an hour, and I asked myself, “Is the Grand Canyon the greatest wonder anywhere in the natural world?” I certainly know the answer. But what do you think? Module 2 Thanksgiving is an American festival. People give thanks for their food. It’s celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November and it’s a time for a special dinner among family and friends. We’ve celebrated the festival since the first pioneers from England arrived in America by ship in the seventeenth century. While they were crossing the Atlantic, many people died, and after they landed, their first winter was worse than any English winter. The local people, the Native Americans, taught the pioneers how to grow corn, catch fish and keep cows, sheep and hens. The following year they celebrated together by eating a dinner of the new food. We still celebrate Thanksgiving today with a traditional dinner. The kitchen is the most crowded room in our house because we all help to prepare the food there. We lay the table, then before we begin dinner, my father gives praise for the food, so we remember where the festival comes from. We usually eat too much, but it’s only once a year! We often listen to speeches and tell stories after dinner as well. When it’s all over everyone helps wash the dishes.
人教版初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中
外研版初二英语上Module 7Unit 1 That smells delicious! 说课稿各位老师，大家好！今天我说课的内容为外研版初二英语上第七模块第一单元。我将从教材分析、学情分析、教学方法、教学目标、教学重点难点、教学步骤六个方面进行阐述。 一、教材分析： 1.本模块以感觉与印象为中心话题,内容分为两部分：对话——主要以表感觉和知觉的系动词的用法为主，表达对食物或事物的感觉评论；阅读课文——Sally一封信，对英国女孩Sally印象进行了描述。学会表达It/sth smells/t astes/feels/looks/sounds…并在此基础上学会一些描述人长相和性格的表达方式，包括句式和一些形容词。本课教学内容与学生的实际生活密切相关，易于引发学生运用简单的英语进行交际和交流。这些内容都很符合这一年龄段的学生的兴趣。在学习活动中，学生通过交换对某些事物或某人的描述及看法，促进学生之间和师生之间的情感交流，增进情谊。。 2.本节课的教学内容是第七模块的第一节课。这本教材的第一课以培养学生的听说能力为主，兼顾读写，并包括词汇，语法，语音的学习活动。这是学生第一次接触到表感觉和知觉的系动词。在本课中要让学生初步感知系动词的用法，我就用孩子们身边的人或物让学生们通过看，听，尝，闻，感觉来切身的感知这些系动词，使学生能够运用系动词来表达自己的感受。教材安排了许多听，说，读，写的任务活动，我将灵活运用这些活动，将其中的一些活动进行变化或整合，如我将Activity1和Activity2顺序颠倒一下，先让学生看图或实物说句子，在做听力部分。
学情分析 1．初中学生的抽象思维能力较低，形象思维能力强，但注意力容易分散。本课拟以故事、实物、图片，猜谜语等形式展示，并配以丰富的色彩，从而增强学生的兴趣和注意力。根据教育心理学,如果学生对于一件事物有极大的兴趣,他们就会排除主观和客观的种种消极因素,尽量全身心地投入到知识的学习中去。 2．初二上学期的学生经过一年多的学习，有了一定的英语基础知识和听说能力，正逐渐向读、写过渡，同时，学生们对英语学习还保持着较浓厚的兴趣。经过一年的新课程理念的熏陶及实践，有了初步的自主、合作、探究、实验的能力。 3.本单元学情剖析：本单元的主题是谈论感觉与印象，可以采用活动教学法和Role playing的学习策略，学习新词汇，掌握重点句型，同时能比较好地运用到实践中，解决类似问题。做到既能巩固所学知识，又能提高解决问题的能力以及综合运用语言能力。 教学方法： 1，任务型语言教学法 在教师精心设计的各种“任务”中，学生能够不断地获得知识或得出结论，从注重语言本身转变为注重语言习得。从而获得语言运用的能力而不是仅仅掌握现成的语言知识点。随着“任务”的不断深化，整个语言学习的过程会越来越自动化和自主化。在本课的任务型语言教学中，我将依据课程的总体目
形容词副词比较级与最高级专练 （）1．I think science is _ than Japanese． A．much important B．important C．much more important D．more much important （） 2 This pencil is___ than that one． A．longest B．long C．longer D．as long （） 3 These children are ____ this year than they were last year． A．more tall B．more taller C．very taller D．much taller （） 4 It was very hot yesterday，but it is___ today． A．even hotter B．more hotter C．much more hot D．much hot （）5 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs． A．more B．quite C．very D．much （） 6 Maths is more popular than____． A．any other subject B．all the subjects C．any subject D．other subject （）7 China is larger than ____ in Africa A．any other country B．other countries C．the other country D．any country （）8 Tom is stronger than ___ in his class． A．any other boy B．any boys C．any boy D．other boy （）9 When spring comes，it gets____． A．warm and warm B．colder and colder C．warmer and warmer D．shorter and shorter （）10 By and by，____ students in our class came to like English． A．more and more B．much and much C．many and many D．less and least （）11 At last he began to cry ___． A．hard and hard B．more hard and more hard C．harder and harder D．less hard and less harder （）12 When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____． A．short；long B．long；short C．longer；shorter D．shorter；longer （）13___ I look at the picture，____ I like it． A．The best；the more B．The more；the less C．The more；less D．More；the more （）14___ he read the book，____ he got in it． A．The more；the more interesting B．The less；the more interesting C．The more；the more interested D．More；more interested （）15 Which do you like ___，tea or coffee？ A．well B．better C．best D．most （）16 Which do you think tastes _，the chicken or the fish？ A．good B．better C．best D．well （）17 Who jumped____of all？ A．far B．farther C．farthest D．the most far （）18Li Lei is___ student in our class． A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest （）19 The fifth orange is____ of all．Give it to that small child．
第一篇基础知识 第一节字母 英语是字母文字，共有26个字母，26个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表，英语中称之为“Alphabet”。 1.26个字母的读音 2.元音字母是哪些？ 英文字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。Aa , Ee , Ii, Oo, Uu为5个元音字母，除Yy 外其他20个为辅音字母。Yy 为半元音字母. 第二节语音 关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2)音标：词的语音形式。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。单元音有12个：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /∧/ /a:/ /?/ /?:/ /u/ /u:/ 双元音有8个/eI/ /aI/ /?I/ /?u/ /au/ /I?/ /ε?/ /u?/ 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。清辅音有11个：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ//∫/ /h/ /t∫/ /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音有17个：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m//n/ /? / /l/ /w/ /j/ 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
初中英语知识归纳总结大全 第一课时名词 一、概述 1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。 2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体 或抽象概念的名称。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写） 二、可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。如：glass-----glasses; book---- books 2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。 如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。 3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。 Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数) The lights are on.(light：灯，可数) 4、不可数名词的量的表示 不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。 如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper------two pieces of paper a bag of rice------three bags of rice 三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用） 1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化 情况变化形式例词 1 / 68
M12U1 Ms James:This morning's class is about first aid,or giving someone basic medical help.let's imagine an accident.A boy is lying at the bottom of the stairs.He isn't moving or making a sound.He is in pain.What can we do to help him? Betty:First of all,find out what's wrong with him. Ms James:How do we do that? Betty:Ask him. Ms James:OK.But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you. Lingling:shout for help?Call 120? Ms James:Good idea,but what should we do before help arrives? Tony:Make him comfortable. Ms James:And how can we do take? Tony:Lift him up and sit him on a chair? Ms James:No,that could be harmful!You could drop him and hurt him even more.Betty,you must know!You did some basic medical training. Betty:Make sure he's warm.Cover him with a coat. Ms James:That's such good advice that you could be a doctor,Betty! 今天的课是关于急救，或给予一个人基本医疗帮助。让我们想象一个事故。一个小男孩正躺在楼梯的底部。他不移动或发出声音。他是痛苦的。看我们能做什么来帮助他呢？ 首先，找出他到底出了什么问题。 我们该怎么做？ 问他。 好的。但他可以听你或对你说话。 镜头的帮助？120打电话？ 好主意，但是之前我们应该做什么帮助？ 让他舒服。 我们如何做？ 扶他起来，他坐在椅子上吗？ 不，这可能是有害的！你可以把他伤了他甚至更多。贝蒂，你要知道！你做了一些基本的医疗培训。 让他温暖。用外套盖他。 这是很好的建议，你可以成为一名医生，贝蒂！ M12U2 What to do in an earthquake
外研版初中英语七年级英语上册全套基础练习 Module1 My classmates基础练习 一、单项选择 1. I have two friends the United States. They tall and thin. A. from; are B. from; have C. are from; are D. are from; have 2. --- Where Frank come from? --- He from the United States. A. is; is B. does; come C. does; is D. is; comes 3. This is a girl. name is Kate. She is friend. A. Her; my B. His; you C. His; my D. My; her 4. name is Mark and name is Gina. A. My; he B. His; her C. his; Her D. Her; his 5. --- Are you in Grade Two? --- . A. Yes, I'm B. Yes, I'm not C. No, I am D. No, I'm not 6. How old your brother? And how old you? A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 7. --- Where you from? --- I from Weifang, Shandong Province(省). A. is; am B. are; is C. are; am D. is; are 8. The man is David Smith. Smith is his name and David is his name. A. family, first B. first, family C. first, last D. family, full 9. I walk to school every day. ? A. What about you do B. What do you C. How about you D. What about your 10. --- Hi, John! Long time no see. --- Very well, thanks. A. How do you do? B. Nice to meet you.
一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 2.一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
精品好文档，推荐学习交流 外研新版七年级上册英语单词表 Starter Module1 hello [h?'l??] 你好，喂 class [klɑ:s] 同学，班级 my [mai] 我的 name [neim] 名字 is [iz] 是（动词be的第三人称单数现在式） Miss [mis] 小姐（对未婚女性的称呼），老师good [g?d] 好的 morning ['m?:ni?] 早晨，上午 good morning 早上好 afternoon [ɑ:ft?'nu:n]下午 good afternoon 下午好 goodbye [g?d'bai] 再见 I [ai] 我 am [?m; ?m] 是（动词be的第三人称单数现在式）I’m=I am 我是 Mr ['mist?(r)] 先生 what[w?t]什么 your [j?:; j?] 你的，你们的 please [pli:z] 请 sorry ['s?ri] 对不起，抱歉的 can [k?n, k?n] 能，能够 you [ju:] 你，你们 spell [spel] 拼写 it [it] 它 yes [jes] 是，是的 thank [θ??k]谢谢 how [ha?] 怎样，如何 are [ɑ:] 是（动词be的复数和第二人称单数现在式）fine [fain] 很好的，不错的 thanks [θ??ks] 谢谢 Mrs ['misiz] 夫人，太太 too [tu:] 也，还 this [eis] 这，这个（指较近的人或事物） she [?i:] 她 teacher ['ti:t??] 老师 friend [frend] 朋友 her [h?:] 她的 his [hiz] 他的 nice [nais] 美好的，令人愉快的 to [tu:] (与原形动词一起构成动词不定式) meet [mi:t] 遇见，结识 time [taim] 时间 go [g??] 走，去 now [na?] 现在，目前 bye [bai] 再见 see [si:] 看见 tomorrow [t?'m?r??] 明天 Module 2 sit [sit] 坐 down [da?n] 向下地，向下open ['??p?n] （打）开 book [b?k] 书 listen ['lisn] 听，倾听 draw [dr?:] 绘画，画 put [p?t] 放，置 up [?p] 向上地，朝上，向上 hand [h?nd] 手 stand [st?nd] 站立 stand up 起立 close [kl??s] 合上，关闭 new [nju:] 新的 student ['stju:d(?)nt] 学生 here [hi?] 这里，在这里 in [in] 在……里面 one [w?n] 一 two [tu:] 二 three [θri:] 三 four [f?:] 四 five [faiv] 五 six [siks] 六 seven ['sev?n] 七 eight [eit] 八 nine [nain] 九 ten [ten] 十 telephone ['telif??n] 电话 number ['n?mb?] 号码 old [??ld] ……年龄的，…..岁的 how old 多大，几岁 twelve [twelv] 十二 eleven [i'lev(?)n] 十一 thirteen [,θ?:'ti:n]十三 fourteen [,f?:'ti:n] 十四 fifteen [,fifti:n] 十五 sixteen [,siks'ti:n] 十六 seventeen [,sev?n'ti:n] 十七 eighteen [,ei'ti:n] 十八 nineteen [,nain'ti:n] 十九 twenty ['twenti] 二十 boy [b?i] 男孩 girl [g?:l] 女孩 desk [desk] 桌子 chair [t?e?] 椅子 bag [b?g] 包，书包 Module 3 in [in] 使用（使用某种语言） English ['i?gli?] 英语，来自英格兰的 in English 用英语 a [?; ei] 一（个，件……） write [rait] 写 on [?n] 在…..上 the [e?; ei:]（指已经谈到或正在谈的事物）
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
M1 U1. T ony:Let`s call Wonders of the World and join in the discussion. I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-made ones. And I think the Giant`s Causeway is the most fantastic natural wonder. Lingling:Hm,I`ve never seen it,so I`m not sure I agree with do you like it,T ony? T ony:Well,I visited the Giant`s Causeway two years `s huge. There`re about 40,000 rocks,most of them with six sides. It goes for several hundred metres on the eastem coast of Northem Ireland. Lingling:That sounds great,though I think Victoria Falls in Africa are even more fantastic. They`re about 1,700 metres wide and 100 metres can hear the loud noise a few kilometres away. Betty:Wow,tha`s huge! But in my opinion,man-made wonders are more exciting than natural at the T erracotta `s more than 2,000 years old. Daming:I agree with you,Betty. And I think the Three Gorges Dam is fantastic too. It`s about 2,300 metres long,185 metres high and 15 metres wide at the top. It lions of people in China. Betty:Now,who`d like to call first? M1 U2 A great wonder of the natural world When I arrived,it was early morning and it was raining. I looked to the east—the sky was being got out of the car,went through a gate and walked along a dark path. There was nothing to see,but I knew it was there.